RWHS and Water Pump
RWHS and Water Pump
RWHS and Water Pump
Water security is crucial for human societies, and climate change has impacted
the availability of freshwater and groundwater. Sustainable stormwater management
is essential for achieving Sustainable Development Goals and enhancing climate
resilience. This management approach produces better ecosystem services and ensures
the availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all. In the
past, stormwater management systems have focused on water quantity control.
However, sustainable stormwater management now necessitates the incorporation of
other vital aspects, such as runoff quality, visual amenity, recreational value,
ecological protection, and multiple water uses. (Goh, H. W, 2020).Several terms have
been introduced to illustrate integrated stormwater management, such as Low Impact
Development (LID), Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems (SUDS), Best Management
Practices (BMPs), the Manual Saliran Mesra Alam (MSMA) Management Strategy,
and Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD). Among all the SUDS devices, the
Rainwater Harvesting System (RWHS) is one of the techniques that has gained
interest among the community for the last 20 years. The RWHS is defined as
collecting rainwater from impervious surfaces and storing it for later use.(Zakaria, N.
A. 2020) This system is implemented to collect and save rainwater from rooftops,
land surfaces, road surfaces, or rock catchments. Despite the successful application of
RWHS in countries with relatively less annual rainfall, this technique is less
implemented in countries with higher rainfall due to an abundance of water resources.
However, water security has become a risk in recent years, and the mismatch between
water demand and rainfall has resulted in the high variability of water resources in
highly developed and populated areas.(Zabidi et al., 2020)
Pump
Water is crucial for life, but only 0.3% of the world's water is safe for use. This
precious resource is used in various human activities, including cooking, washing,
agriculture, and industry. The human body is made up of two-thirds water, and access
to clean and safe water is essential for health. Smart and intelligent pumping has been
identified as a sustainable solution to global water shortages, capable of reducing
energy waste by 25%. However, uncontrolled use and wastage of water are major
causes of water scarcity. Implementing low-cost water supply technologies on a larger
scale is a more cost-effective alternative to major water infrastructure projects.
Gonzalez, et al., (2016)
According to the Rural Water Supply (2012), water supplies in all the
municipalities, irrigation, power generation, fisheries, livestock raising, industrial and
recreational uses. In addition to that, it is generally classified that water sources are
according to the relative location on the surface of the Earth. Having water shortage
affects people every year and all they need is a clean and porfitable source of water.
As of the current generation majority of the households are using improved water
system rather than the traditional groundwater wells such as hand waterpump. A hand
water-pump is an oscillating pump which has been dug, bored, driven or drilled
beneath the ground for the purpose of extracting groundwater.
Likewise, the review of Bruni and Spuhler (2019) stated that hand pumps are
manually operated water lifting devices that withraw surface water or groundwater
sources into distribution systems. Its accessible operation and capability of supplying
adequate amount is significant to the places where financial resource for investment
are limited and domestic water consumption is not excessive. The maintenance and
usual operation of device, however, is required to maintain its good condition. In
terms of drinking water supply, usage of hand water-pump is safer compared to lifting
devices with rope and bucket though distillation must be done properly to avoid any
health complications.
Some of water that infiltrates deep into the ground and replenishes aquifers
preserves freshwater underground for long period of time. Traditional water sources
such as springs and groundwater wells are notably the frequent used and available
sources of water among the rural areas. State of the Coasts of Cavite Province (2017)
states that 95% of the households have now an access to the improved water system
and the rest is either springs or groundwater wells (p. 90). On the area of General
Trias, Cavite - including the locality of Barangay Navarro, the General Trias Water
Corporation (GTWC) is the major source of clean usable water. Otherwise, Barangay
Navarro also uses private water tank, especially in subdivision areas. the water
system, base year 2018 of the barangay revealed that many residents from it also use
shallow well or hand waterpump and some are upgrading to well deep well or the
modified water system. Well deep wells are usually generated by electricity to pump
water from the ground, directly stored to the water tank and distributed in household
faucets.
The 2011 study of Linke & Turak describe the practice of systematic
conservation planning across freshwater realms, including data ‐poor regions and
standing‐water ecosystems. As well, Gulhane et al. (2009) found that wells and hand
water-pumps showed medium water quality rating in all seasons where the quality
was slightly differs in dry and wet season, so the reasons to import water quality
change and measures to be taken up in terms of groundwater quality management are
required
References
https://africanscholarpublications.com/
Onu, U. G., Okekenwa, E., Jack, K., Inyang, A. B., Bello, O. E., & Adeniyi, S. (2023, March
22). Smart Water Pump Control System with Remote Access for Improved Energy and
Water Resource Management.
http://repository.futminna.edu.ng:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/18196
Semaan, M., Day, S. D., Garvin, M. J., Ramakrishnan, N., & Pearce, A. R. (2020). Optimal
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rcrx.2020.100033
The Law Brigade Publishers. (2023, February 23). Home - The Law Brigade Publishers
Zabidi, H. A., Goh, H. W., Chang, C. K., Chan, N. W., & Zakaria, N. A. (2020). A review of
Roof and pond rainwater harvesting systems for Water Security: the design,
https://doi.org/10.3390/w12113163