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    Ge 11 - Feminist

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    swettiepie agudo

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    Ge 11 - Feminist

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    swettiepie agudo
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    Ge 11 - Feminist (1)

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    7 views2 pages

    Ge 11 - Feminist

    Uploaded by

    swettiepie agudo

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 2

    Swettie Agudo GE 11 - AS

    Mary Chris Benitez FEMINIST

    LIBRADA AVELINO MAÑGALI

    Librada Avelino Mañgali was born on January 17,


    1873, in Quiapo, Manila, in the Philippine Islands,
    then part of the Spanish Empire, to Francisca
    Mañgali and Pedro Avelino.Soon after her birth, the
    household, which consisted of her parents and her
    father’s sister Juana Avelino, moved to Pandacan.
    Her early education began at home, from five or six
    years old, Avelino, who was called “Ada”, was sent
    to the public girls’ school run by Luisa Bacho. This
    was the first school to offer education to girls and
    included primary courses in reading, writing, and
    mathematics, as well as recitation of prayers. Upon
    completion of her primary schooling, Avelino
    moved to Manila to attend the municipal Santa Cruz School, but after one year transferred to the
    private institution run by Margarita Lopez in Tondo. The school was a preparatory institution
    which trained girls in the subjects needed for the teaching examination. After completing the
    courses in 1889, Avelino faced a jury and successfully passed the civil exam for elementary school
    teachers, becoming the first woman to receive certification in the Spanish era.

    Librada Avelino was a Filipina educator who co-founded the Centro Escolar University. She
    was the first woman to earn a teaching certificate from the Spanish authorities when she passed
    her examination in 1889. Continuing her education, Avelino was also certified as a secondary
    teacher in 1893. After establishing her own girls’ school in Pandacan, she was forced to flee to
    Manila when in 1896, the Philippine Revolution brought troops to Pandacan. Reopening a school
    in the capital, she operated until the Spain ceded the country to the United States and the
    educational authorities changed the requirements, implementing English language curricula. To
    learn English, she agreed to take a post as principal of the Pandacan Girls’ School, believing that
    teaching the language would help her learn it faster. She also took English classes and studied
    English briefly in Hong Kong in 1901.
    In 1907, Avelino joined her friend Carmen de Luna and lawyer/educator Fernando Salas to
    found the Centro Escolar de Señoritas, a school which organized courses from kindergarten
    through high school for girls. The school was the first non-parochial institution in the country and
    based its curriculum on a modern, liberal model, attempting to equalize the education of girls with
    what was offered to boys. As the school grew, additional buildings were acquired for lectures and
    dormitories and by 1921 Avelino expanded the offerings to include tertiary, first offering a
    bachelor’s degree program in pharmacy. She was awarded an honorary master’s degree in
    pedagogy by the University of the Philippines in 1930. From 1930, the Centro Escolar de Señoritas
    operated as an accredited university and was incorporated with a name change to Centro Escolar
    University in 1932.

    The idea behind the school was to offer girls the same opportunities as boys in education.
    At a time when few opportunities for girls’ education existed, Avelino argued that women’s
    responsibility for raising children required them to have the education needed to instill moral
    responsibility and patriotism to keep the country free. Her shrewd merging of girls’ education and
    nationalist interests swayed fathers with daughters on more than one occasion to send them to her
    school. The Centro Escolar de Señoritas was the first non-sectarian school in the country. As a
    private school, the institution was not compelled to comply with the Department of Public
    Instruction requirement for teaching in English, and chose to present bilingual classes to
    accommodate those students who did not have full command of English.

    Avelino directed the school until shortly before her death from cancer in 1934. There are
    multiple monuments in the Philippines which bear her name. The Centro Escolar University
    bestows an award in her honor to Asian women who are recognized leaders. The school which she
    founded has continued to offer education for over 100 years.

    References:

    Varona & de la Llana 1935, p. 11 – 150 McFerson 2002

    Cojuangco 2005 Yeater 1920

    Worcester 1914, p. 77 – 78 and p. 293 Philippine Magazine 1934

    National Historical Commission of the Philippines 2013 Santos 1907, p. 6

    Centro Escolar University 2009 Artigas y Cuerva 1917, p. 917, p. 919-21

    Philippine Supreme Court 1939 Lomographic Society International 2012


    https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Librada_Avelino#CITEREFCojuangco2005

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