Iso 16104 2003
Iso 16104 2003
Iso 16104 2003
STANDARD 16104
First edition
2003-05-15
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Reference number
ISO 16104:2003(E)
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ISO 16104:2003(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 16104 was prepared by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) in collaboration with
Technical Committee ISO/TC 122, Packaging, Subcommittee SC 3, Performance requirements and tests for
means of packaging, packages and unit loads (as required by ISO/TC 122), in accordance with the
Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).
Throughout the text of this document, read "...this European Standard..." to mean "...this International
Standard...".
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ISO 16104:2003(E)
Contents Page
Foreword ..................................................................................................................................................................... v
Introduction................................................................................................................................................................ vi
1 Scope .............................................................................................................................................................. 1
2 Normative references .................................................................................................................................... 1
3 Terms and definitions ................................................................................................................................... 1
4 Test requirements.......................................................................................................................................... 3
5 Selection and preparation of test packagings............................................................................................ 9
6 Facilities for testing..................................................................................................................................... 13
7 Test procedures........................................................................................................................................... 14
Annex A (informative) Light gauge metal packagings .......................................................................................... 24
Annex B (informative) Packaging types, codes and references .......................................................................... 25
Annex C (normative) Special packagings .............................................................................................................. 30
Annex D (informative) Special test requirements .................................................................................................. 33
Annex E (normative) Test report and specifications............................................................................................. 34
Annex F (informative) Selective testing .................................................................................................................. 36
Annex G (normative) Packaging specifications .................................................................................................... 38
Bibliography.............................................................................................................................................................. 47
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ISO 16104:2003(E)
Foreword
This document (EN ISO 16104:2003) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 261,
"Packaging", the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR, in collaboration with Technical Committee
ISO/TC 122 "Packaging".
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by November 2003, and conflicting national standards
shall be withdrawn at the latest by November 2003.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg,
Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Slovak Republic, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United
Kingdom.
This European Standard has been submitted for reference into the RID and/or in the technical
annexes of the ADR. Therefore in this context the standards listed in the normative references and
covering basic requirements of the RID/ADR not addressed within the present standard are normative
only when the standards themselves are referred to in the RID and/or in the technical annexes of the
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ADR.
Introduction
This Standard was developed to provide requirements and test procedures to meet the multi-modal
United Nations Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods [1] and successful passing
of the tests may lead to the allocation of an appropriate packaging mark (e.g. UN, RID/ADR). The UN
Recommendations have been developed by the United Nations Committee of Experts on the
Transport of Dangerous Goods as a "model regulation" (referred to in this document as the UN
Recommendations) in the light of technical progress, the advent of new substances and materials, the
exigencies of modern transport systems and, above all, the need to ensure the safety of people,
property and the environment. Amongst other aspects, the UN Recommendations cover principles of
classification and definition of classes, listing of the principal dangerous goods, general packing
requirements, testing procedures, marking, labelling or placarding, and shipping documents. There are
in addition special recommendations related to particular classes of goods.
The UN Recommendations are given legal entity by the provisions of a series of international modal
agreements and national legislation for the transport of dangerous goods. The international
agreements include:
– The European Agreement Concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road
(ADR) (covering most of Europe). [2]
– Regulations concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Rail (RID) (covering
most of Europe, parts of North Africa and the Middle East). [3]
– The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code (IMDG Code) (worldwide). [4]
– The International Civil Aviation Organization’s Technical Instructions for the Safe Transport of
Dangerous Goods by Air (ICAO TIs) (worldwide). [5]
The application of this Standard will need to take account of the requirements of these international
agreements and the relevant national regulations for domestic transport of dangerous goods.
Occasionally during adoption as a modal regulation the text has been modified; RID/ADR permit some
variations to tests for light gauge metal packagings and these are included in annex A.
The cross references between this Standard, the UN Recommendations and the International
Agreements are summarized in annex B.
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It is important to note that there will be certain modal differences from the UN Recommendations and
that the schedule for revision of the Recommendations and modal provisions may lead to temporary
inconsistencies with this Standard, which is regularly updated to the latest version of the UN
Recommendations.
It is noted that success in the tests and the allocation of an official UN mark do not on their own
authorize the use of a packaging for any dangerous goods, which are subject to the packing
instructions published in the various modal regulations.
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ISO 16104:2003(E)
1 Scope
This Standard specifies the design type test requirements for packagings as described in 3.6 of this
standard and intended for use in the transport of dangerous goods.
NOTE This Standard should be used in conjunction with one or more of the international regulations set out
in the Bibliography.
2 Normative references
This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other
publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text, and the
publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any
of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or
revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies (including
amendments).
EN 22206, Packaging — Complete filled transport packages — Identification of parts when testing
(ISO 2206:1987)
ISO 2137, Petroleum products — Lubricating grease and petroleum — Determination of cone
penetration
ISO/IEC 17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories
EN ISO 2431, Paints and varnishes - Determination of flow time by use of flow caps (ISO 2431:1993,
including Technical Corrigendum 1:1994)
For the purposes of this European Standard the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
competent authority
any national regulatory body or authority designated or otherwise recognized as such for any purpose
in connection with the regulations specified in the Bibliography
3.2
packaging design type
packaging of one design, size, material and thickness, manner of construction and packing, but may
include various surface treatments together with packagings which differ from the design type only in
their lesser design height
3.3
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3.4
capacity
3.4.1
brimful (overflow, maximum) capacity
maximum volume of water in litres held by the packaging when filled through the designed filling orifice
to the point of overflowing in its normal position of filling
3.4.2
nominal capacity
capacity in litres which, by convention, is used to represent a class of packagings of similar brimful
capacities
3.5
packing group
group to which substances and articles of most classes of dangerous goods are assigned according to
the degree of danger presented:
NOTE The severity of a packaging test (e.g. the drop height) varies with the packing group of the substance
or article. The allocation of packing groups to substances and articles may be found in the dangerous goods list
of the UN Recommendations.
3.6
packaging
receptacle and any other components or materials necessary for the receptacle to perform its
containment function and are:
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not intended to transport most radioactive materials;
NOTE 1 Other definitions relevant to this standard may be found in 1.2.1 of the UN Recommendations.
NOTE 2 Annex B contains useful data on packaging types and other identifying codes with references to the
regulations.
NOTE 3 Unless otherwise stated both the 400kg and 450 litre limits apply to all packages irrespective of the
contents.
3.7
"V"-marked packaging
outer packaging conforming to the appropriate requirements from the UN Recommendations 6.1.5.1.7
(see annex C)
3.8
special packagings
collective term for V-marked packaging and salvage packagings (defined in the UN Recommendations
1.2.1)(see annex C)
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3.9
single packaging
means of packaging that does not require an inner packaging to be capable of performing its
containment function and it includes composite packaging
3.10
light gauge metal packaging - (see annex A)
NOTE Other definitions that may be relevant to this standard may be found in the UN Recommendations.
4 Test requirements
4.1 General
Before the packaging is used for dangerous goods, tests shall be carried out successfully on each
packaging design type (see 3.2), which may lead to the issuing of a UN packaging mark. The tests
shall be successfully repeated after any modification which alters the packaging design type. With the
exception of special packagings (see 3.8), all packagings for dangerous goods shall be tested in
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accordance with Table 1 and shall meet the requirements contained in 4.2 to 4.6. Special packagings
shall meet the requirements set out in annex C.
Where an inner treatment or coating is applied for safety reasons it shall retain its protective properties
even after tests.
NOTE Provided the validity of the test results is not affected and with the approval of the competent
authority, several tests may be made on one packaging. This may be necessary, for example, with very costly or
scarce packagings. This may be accomplished by:
a) using one set of packagings for more than one of the tests. For example five tests are required on a drum for
liquids, each requiring a set of three packagings, namely first drop, second drop, leakproofness, internal
pressure and stack. Subjecting one set to more than one of the five tests is considered equivalent;
b) using one packaging for the tests. For example using one fibreboard box for all five drops is considered
equivalent to carrying out 1 drop on each of five boxes.
Approval should be sought from the competent authority before employing method a) or when subjecting any
one packaging to more than two tests (including investigatory drops) under method b).
The use of smaller numbers should be indicated in the test report. This is normally apparent from the
serial numbers of the packagings used for the various tests but explanatory text is also desirable.
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Copyright International
Table 1 — Allocation of test conditions to packaging types
Table footnotes h h a be d a c d d
(A) (B) (C) (D) (E) (F) (G) (H) (I) (J) (K) (L) (M) (N) (O) (P) (Q) (R)
1. Metal Liquid 6 Y 3 24 h Y 3 5m 3 5m 15
k
packagings
2. Metal Solid Y 6 Y 3 24 h Y 0 0 0 9
k
packagings
3. Metal Solid Y 6 Y 3 24 h Y 0 0 0 9
k
packagings
g
4. Plastics Solid Y 6 Y 3 24 h Y 0 0 0 9
k
packagings
g
5. Plastics Solid Y 6 Y 3 24 h Y 0 0 0 9
k
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packagings
g
6. Plastics Liquid 6 Y 3 28 d Y 3 5m 3 30m 15
k
packagings
i l g
7. Composite Solid Y Y 6 Y 3 24 h Y 0 0 0 9
packagings —
m
plastics
i l j g
8. Composite Liquid 6 Y 3 24 h Y 3 5m 3 30m 15
packagings
m
plastics
l i l
9. Composite Liquid 6 Y Y 3 24 h Y 3 5 3 5 15
packagings —
glass, stoneware
m
and porcelain
Packaging type Liquid/ Plastics Other or No. of Ambient 23°C / -18 °C No. of Time Ambient 23°C / 40° C No. of Time No. of Time Total no. of
none packagings packagings packagings packagings packagings
Table footnotes h h a be d a c d d
i l
9b. Composite Solid Y 6 Y 3 24 h Y 0 0 9
packagings –
glass, stoneware
m
and porcelain
l l
10. Fibre/ Solid Y 6 Y 3 24 h Y 0 0 0 9
plywood drums
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l
11. Fibre/ Solid Y 6 Y 3 24 h Y 0 0 0 9
plywood drums
f g
12. Plastics Solid Y Y 5 Y 3 24 h Y 0 0 0 8
boxes
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ISO 16104:2003(E)
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1) The following plastics packagings shall undergo the cold drop test:
2) The temperature shall be -18 °C or lower as measured immediately after the drop test;
3) Test liquids shall be kept in the liquid state by the addition of antifreeze if necessary;
NOTE Temperatures outside the range -18° to -22 °C should be pre-arranged and recorded in the test report;
c
Column (M): The temperature shall be at least 40ºC.
NOTE Temperatures outside the range 40ºC to 44 °C should be pre-arranged and recorded in the test report.
d
h = hours d = days m = minutes
e
Column (H): Metal packagings with plastics closures not exceeding 7 cm shall not undergo the drop test at -18 °C as required for plastics packagings.
f
Column (H): Expanded polystyrene boxes, unless inner packagings are of plastics material, shall not undergo a drop test at -18 °C; the drop shall be at ambient.
g
Column (R): Packagings shall be at least 48 h old.
h
Contents of inner packagings can be solid or liquid.
Composites with outers other than plastics shall be tested for 24 h at ambient temperature.
7
ISO 16104:2003(E)
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ISO 16104:2003(E)
a) the packaging shall be leakproof subsequent to any slight discharge from the closure(s) that may be
apparent at the moment of impact and, in the case of packaging containing liquids, subsequent to
the equalization of internal and external pressures (except for inner packagings of combination
packagings when it is not necessary for the pressure to be equalized);
b) the packaging shall not exhibit any damage liable to affect safety during transport, for example the
package cannot be moved without leaking;
c) the packagings that are to be tested for use with goods of Class 1 (explosives) shall be identified as
such in the test report. When tested, they shall not display any rupture that would permit the spillage
of loose explosive substances or articles from the outer packaging;
d) the outer ply of a bag shall not exhibit damage liable to affect safety during transport;
e) the outer of a combination packaging shall not exhibit damage liable to affect safety during transport.
b) show any deterioration which could adversely affect transport safety nor any distortion liable to
reduce its strength or reduce stability in stacks of packages.
When tested in accordance with 7.3, packagings intended to contain liquids (except inner packagings of
combination packagings) shall be leakproof.
When tested in accordance with 7.4, packagings intended to contain liquids (except inner packagings of
combination packagings) shall not leak.
Inner packagings of combination packagings containing liquids, which are likely to be shipped by air, shall
be capable of withstanding an internal pressure without leakage (see UN Recommendations 4.1.1.4.1.)
All packaging tests performed in conformity with this standard shall be the subject of a test report and will
include a specification check prepared in accordance with annex E. It shall be possible to specifically
identify the packaging relative to each test report, either by the retention of uniquely referenced
packagings or by inclusion of sufficient photographs and/or drawings with unique references to enable
identification of the packaging and all its components.
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ISO 16104:2003(E)
Sufficient packagings per design type shall be selected/submitted for testing in accordance with
columns E, I, N and P of Table 1 and shall be:
a) marked with a test reference which shall also be entered on the test record and later used on
the test report;
b) marked on each face where the packaging is in the shape of a box in accordance with EN
22206;
d) NOTE The form of such weighing may be varied to correspond to whether the packagings
have been supplied full or empty to the test station. Where the masses of individual empty
packagings are recorded, it is necessary to record only a typical filled mass (or vice versa);
e) examined for damage which might invalidate the tests, in which event the packaging shall be
replaced.
NOTE Under some circumstances it may be desirable to have a range of packagings tested in a number of
different sizes but of the same construction. In such situations it may not be necessary to carry out testing for
every possible permutation. This selective testing procedure is recognized but only after agreement with the
competent authority who will advise on options available. Guidelines are set out in annex F.
5.2.1 General
Each packaging type shall be accompanied by specification(s) for that design type containing the
data set out in annex G and by the following additional information as relevant.
Where the tests are to be carried out using water or other non-dangerous substances a statement
of the packing group for which the packaging is to be tested shall be provided, together with data
enabling appropriate selection of inert test contents. For liquids such data will normally include the
required maximum relative density for the tests together with data on, for instance, the internal
pressure test required. For solids such data shall include mass, grain size and any other relevant
characteristic, for example, bulk density, angle of repose etc., to clearly show equivalence of
physical characteristics.
Where the tests are to be carried out using the dangerous substance(s) to be transported, a
statement of their packing group and their physical characteristics shall be provided. Liquids shall
be defined by their relative density together with viscosity and method of determination. Solids
shall be defined by their mass and grain size and any other relevant characteristic, for example,
bulk density, angle of repose etc. to ensure physical characteristics are sufficiently identified and
included. This data shall be recorded in the test report (see annex E);
NOTE Where tests are carried out using the actual substance to be transported then the test report should
be applicable for other substances having the same or equivalent characteristics.
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ISO 16104:2003(E)
Where the packaging is intended for the transport of an article(s), a statement of the packing group, an
appropriate description and drawing(s) of the article(s) and or photographs and details of the way in
which dummy articles were filled for the purpose of testing.
For liquids the vapour pressure of the substance to be carried or the hydraulic pressure to be achieved
during the tests.
Any special filling or closing instructions including, where relevant, for example the closure torque (EN
26789).
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5.3.1 General
Single packagings and the inner packagings of combination packagings shall be filled for drop and
stacking tests to not less than:
NOTE There are two exceptions, some flexible packagings (see 5.3.5) and some packagings designed to be
transported part full (see 5.3.6).
Packagings for liquids, or those capable of containing them, shall have their capacity determined as in
5.3.3 or 5.3.4. Otherwise the capacity shall be determined by other suitable means e.g. by calculation.
Where non-dangerous substances are to be used as test contents they shall be selected to accord with
the data referred to in 5.3.5. Water or a water/anti-freeze mixture may be used to represent any liquid.
For solids, additives such as bags of lead shot may be used to adjust the mass if required, but if used
they shall be placed in such a manner that the test results are not affected. Dangerous articles shall be
replaced by dummy articles and these shall be of the same size, shape, mass and centre of gravity as
the articles to be transported.
A packaging intended to contain liquids shall be filled to not less than 98 % of the brimful capacity. The
brimful (overflow) capacity is determined for example by: weighing the empty packaging including
closures (mass empty (m) in kg) and weighing the packaging full (mass brimful (W) in kg). The
packaging shall be filled with water until the water just overflows and then fitting the closure and any
surplus mopped up. No steps shall be taken, e.g. by tilting or tapping the packaging, to enable water to
penetrate into a hollow handle or other design feature above the closure.
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W −m
b =
d
where:
When filling test packagings with liquids, at least one packaging shall have its capacity and filling level
determined as for example below. Further packagings of that design type shall be filled using a dipstick
calibrated on the first packaging or, in the case of small packagings, by mass or volume. When the
capacity of the packaging is established with a liquid other than water (e.g. anti-freeze solution), the
density of that liquid shall be taken into account, in order to obtain the correct volume of fill (at least 98 %
of brimful capacity).
b × 98
C=
100
where:
Packaging intended to contain solids shall be filled to not less than 95 % of the brimful capacity. Where
the packaging is capable of containing liquids the capacity shall be determined as in 5.3.3.1
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The calculation of required mass of solids for testing shall be:
(b × d ) × 95
M=
100
where:
Alternatively, for cylindrical packagings the level of fill required to fill the package to at least 95 % of its
brimful capacity shall be calculated from its internal height, taking into account any reduction in height
caused by the fitting of the closure.
NOTE Bags do not have a capacity which is measured in the same way as for rigid packagings. The test report
should therefore specify the quantity by mass and bulk density of that solid substance, as tested, for which the bag
may be used.
Screw type closures shall be tightened to the torque specified by the applicant where appropriate, which
shall be recorded in the test report.
Closure torque shall not differ from one test to another in the test report. If it is necessary to revise a
closure torque following a failure in one test, then all tests shall be completed using that torque setting.
Screw type closures shall be tightened to an appropriate torque before conditioning, or when specified
during or after the conditioning period. The closure torque shall be recorded in the test report.
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Where vented closures are intended for use in the packaging they shall be fitted for drop and stacking
tests. Packagings fitted with vented closures shall after closing be inverted or laid on their side (see
Figure 1) and observed for leakage for a period of 5 min. Leakage from the closure vent shall be
regarded as a failure.
a) Acceptable b) Unacceptable
Key
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5.4.2 Bags
The packagings shall be closed as they would be for transport.
NOTE To ensure that the test packagings are closed in a manner representative of production packagings, the
same equipment and the same filling time should be used whenever practicable.
NOTE 1 This does not imply a requirement for third party certification or accreditation but if appropriate such
external approval may be obtained from either a national accreditation body or from the competent authority.
NOTE 2 Testing staff should have a knowledge of the principles of the dangerous goods regulations as set out in
the UN Recommendations.
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testing, as specified in 6.3, unless otherwise approved by the competent authority. The measuring
equipment shall be calibrated in accordance with the relevant provisions of ISO/IEC 17025.
Where only maximum or minimum values are specified in the text, tolerances are one-sided, e.g. in 7.3.3
the test pressure may exceed 30 kPa for packing group I but shall not be less.
7 Test procedures
7.1 Drop test
7.1.1 Conditioning
Where climatic conditions are critical to the performance of the materials or to the application of the
package, the tests shall be carried out in conditions identical to those used for conditioning (see Table 1).
In other circumstances, the tests shall be carried out in atmospheric conditions which approximate to
those used for conditioning. The elapsed time between the removal of the packaging from conditioning
and its submission to the test shall be kept as short as possible and in any event not more than 5 min.
7.1.2 Drop heights
NOTE The term water includes water/antifreeze mixtures for testing at -18ºC
Packing group I Packing group II Packing group III
1,8 m 1,2 m 0,8 m
7.1.2.3 Corrections to the drop height for packagings with the density of solids
There shall be no correction of drop height with density of solids.
7.1.2.4 Corrections to the drop height for packagings with various densities
Where the inner packagings contain liquid substances of various densities the drop test shall be based
on the most severe packing group (of the liquid substances to be transported) and the average density.
The average density shall be calculated by multiplying the fill volume of each inner packaging by the
relative density of the contents of that inner packaging and aggregating the results and 7.1.2.2.2 shall be
applied.
NOTE Light gauge metal packaging referred to in European road and international railway regulations may be
subjected to different drop tests set out in annex A.
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ISO 16104:2003(E)
ISO 16104:2003(E)
For other than flat drops the centre of gravity shall be vertically over the centre of impact.
Prior to carrying out the test ensure that the drop area is clean and dry.
b) onto a chime such that the crush pattern passes through the closure, closure flange or junction of the top and
side seams;
NOTE 1 Failure in an information drop does not constitute failure of the design type test.
NOTE 2 When packagings are available there is no objection to information drops being carried out on other packagings
than those used for the first drop.
NOTE 3 When packagings under test are of a new or significantly modified design, more than three investigatory drops may
be conducted.
NOTE 4 The drop should take place on an area of the packaging not already tested.
NOTE 5 Where information drops have been undertaken they may be reported in the test records.
At the time of impact the packaging shall be observed for discharge. If such a discharge is observed it shall be
recorded in the test report with an indication of the amount and the source of the discharge and whether or not it
could lead to further leakage.
Any packaging containing liquids shall have the internal pressure equalized with the atmospheric pressure,
normally by loosening then retightening a closure, or by making a small hole in the body or end of the packaging.
Impacted closures or closures suspected of leaking during the drop shall not be disturbed. When there is only one
closure and it is suspected of leakage, pressure equalization shall be achieved by making a small hole in the body
or end of the packaging.
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If there is dampness in the dropping area the packaging may be moved carefully to a suitable place and maintained
in the same orientation for examination of any leakage which may occur (e.g. moved so that it is on a surface such
as clean fibreboard where drips will be apparent). Examination shall continue for a period of 5 min to10 min.
Where a packaging for solids undergoes a drop test, the packaging shall pass the test if the entire contents are
retained by an inner receptacle (e.g. a plastics bag), even if the closure is no longer siftproof.
Where a packaging undergoes a drop test at -18 °C, immediately after dropping the first specimen the temperature
of the package and/or its contents shall be checked and recorded in the test report. Subsequent packagings shall
not need the temperature checked unless the first sample had not achieved at least -18 °C.
NOTE 1 For inner packagings or articles discharge might appear as dampness in the drop test area, or on the outer
packaging (e.g. a stain).
NOTE 2 For inner packagings or articles containing solids discharge might appear as loose solid in the drop test area or
within the outer packaging.
The packaging shall be visually examined for leakage and rupture e.g. escape of the inner packagings / articles.
Where a packaging containing inner packagings or articles undergoes a drop test, the packaging shall pass the test
if the entire contents are retained by the inner packaging or inner receptacle (e.g. plastics bag) even if the closure
is no longer sift proof.
If there is dampness in the dropping area, the packaging shall be moved carefully to a suitable place for
examination of any leakage that may occur (e.g. moved so that it is on a surface such as clean fibreboard where
drips will be apparent). Examination shall continue for a period of 5 min to 10 minutes.
Where a packaging undergoes a drop test at -18 °C, immediately after dropping the first packaging, the
temperature of the package and/or its contents shall be checked and recorded in the test report. Subsequent
packagings do not need the temperature checked unless the first sample had not achieved at least -18 °C.
M1 = M((H/h) -1)
where:
M1 Is the stacking load in kilograms (kg); (with closure included) (See Note)
M Is the mass in kilograms (kg) of the complete, filled and closed packaging as prepared for transport;
H Is the relevant stack height in millimetres (mm) (minimum 3000 mm);
h Is the overall height in millimetres (mm) of packaging to be tested, allowing for any interstacking
features (see 7.2.1).
NOTE The newton as a unit of force may be used.
17
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7.2.2.2 Water
Where water is used as test contents, the stacking load to be superimposed on each packaging shall be calculated
from the following:
M1 = ((H/h) –1)(C.d.n+m)
where:
7.2.3.1 General
Any one of three methods shall be used by agreement between the test laboratory and client:
a) an unguided load on an individual packaging;
NOTE For safety reasons, however, the load may have restricted movement, e.g. suspended by chains from overhead but
with sufficient slack in the chains not to affect the integrity of the test. Measurements of the deflection and angle of the plate with
horizontal are normally made:
a) immediately before and after placing the load on the plate
b) where appropriate, at intervals throughout the duration of the test ;
c) on completion of the test
a conventional compression testing machine with the facility of maintaining a constant load (as calculated
in 7.2.2) for the required period;
18
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NOTE Such equipment may have short term fluctuations of + 4% in accordance with EN ISO 12048;
a purpose-made rig, e.g. two frameworks with the upper framework being free to move vertically and with
a minimum of friction in relation to the lower framework and to take the appropriate load.
For each test the upper framework shall be loaded so that its total mass is that calculated as in 7.2.2.
The spacing between the packagings shall be as close as possible but sufficiently separated to ensure that they
cannot come into contact with one another when deformed.
A steel plate shall be placed over the packagings, its position shall be carefully checked. The load consists of the
plate and suitable masses evenly distributed on it. The load shall have mass of three times that as in 7.2.2 for one
packaging (i.e. M1 × 3).
NOTE Measurements of the deflection and angle of the plate with horizontal are normally made:
b) The packaging shall not show any deterioration which could adversely affect transport safety nor any distortion
liable to reduce its strength or reduce stability in stacks of packages. (See Notes below)
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NOTE 1 Where unguided loads have been used this may be assessed by the angle of the top plate which should not exceed
5°. The 5° criterion has been found to accord with the UN requirements in relation to stack stability.
NOTE 2 Where guided loads have been used, the packagings are removed from the stack rig. Two filled packagings of the
same type should be placed centrally on the tested packaging. These two packagings should maintain their position for one
hour.
7.3.2 Preparation
The method of making pressure connections shall not affect the results of the test e.g. a connection through a
closure shall not reinforce that part of the package. There are two methods as follows:
a) Drill two holes into the body or head of each packaging. One hole shall be used to connect the packaging to an
adequate air supply, the second hole shall be used to connect a pressure gauge reading the test pressure in
the packaging; or
b) Drill one hole in the body or the closure of each packaging. The gauge shall be connected to the air supply line
between the source of the air supply and the packaging and as near as possible to the packaging; the gauge
shall only be read under no flow conditions.
Each packaging shall be closed according to any special instructions. When relevant, closures shall be tightened to
the appropriate torque.
Vented closures shall be replaced by similar non-vented closures or the vent shall be sealed.
NOTE 2 This test method would meet the UN requirements for assessing inner packagings for air transport.
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b) not less than 1,75 times the vapour pressure at 50 °C of the liquid to be transported, minus 100 kPa but with a
minimum test pressure of 100 kPa;
c) not less than 1,5 times the vapour pressure at 55 °C of the liquid to be transported, minus 100 kPa but with a
minimum test pressure of 100 kPa.
For packagings to transport packing group I liquid, the minimum test pressure is 250 kPa (gauge)
The packagings shall be pressurized continuously and gradually up to the required test pressure.
NOTE This should be within the time of not less than 2 min and not greater than 15 min.
The pressure in the packaging shall be held continuously and evenly for the appropriate period shown in column Q
of Table 1. The pressure in the packaging shall remain at or slightly above the predetermined level. The manner in
which packagings are supported shall not invalidate the test.
For plastics drums, jerricans and composite packagings (plastics) each packaging shall be filled with water and the
temperature of the water measured. Water at the same temperature shall be used to pressurize the container. If
o
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the water temperature is outside the limits 12 ± 2 C, a factor shall be applied from Table 3 to adjust the test
pressure.
Where the water temperature is (12 ± 2) °C the pressurization factor is 1.000.
Outside these limits the temperature shall be rounded to the nearest 1 °C (0,5 °C goes up to the next whole
number) and the pressurization factor shall be read from the table below:
Example:
For a required test pressure of 250 kPa, tested at a water temperature of 6,1 °C
Applied test pressure = 250 × 1,078 kPa
= 269 kPa
The temperature of the water from one sample and the applied test pressure shall be recorded in the test report for
plastics drums, plastics jerricans and composite packagings (plastics)
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2 1,132
3 1,119
4 1,105
5 1,092
6 1,078
7 1,065
8 1,051
9 1,038
<10 1,025
12 ± 2 1,000
>14 0,976
15 0,964
16 0,952
17 0,940
18 0,928
19 0,917
20 0,906
NOTE Water drops originating from water held initially in seams in the thread or in gaskets should not be considered as
leakage – as a guide 1 drop of water every two minutes.
b) Where only one packaging fails on one test, that test shall be repeated on twice the normal number of identical
packagings for that test. If they all pass, the design type shall be regarded as meeting the test requirements;
Where a reassessment procedure is used, this shall be fully recorded in the test report.
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NOTE Alternative methods may be used to demonstrate compliance with relevant regulations provided that:
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© ISOfor2003
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Standardization 23
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ISO 16104:2003(E)
Annex A
(informative)
Drop heights for light gauge metal packagings for use under RID/ADR shall be as follows:
a) if the relative density of the substances to be carried does not exceed 1,2, the drop height should not be less
than that specified below:
b) if the substances to be carried have a relative density exceeding 1,2, the drop height should be calculated on
the basis of the relative density (d) of the substance to be carried, rounded up to the first decimal place. The
drop height should not be less than that specified below:
NOTE 2 The mark allocated to such packagings is not a UN mark but a RID/ADR mark.
NOTE 3 To avoid confusion packages marked with an RID/ADR mark should not include a UN mark. Manufacturers should
make it clear to customers of light gauge metal packagings that they are forbidden as a single packaging outside the countries
of RID and ADR and they are not permitted on ships or aircraft.
24
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Annex B
(informative)
25
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or liquids)
6 Plastics packagings for liquids 1H1, 1H2, 3H1, 3H2
7 Composite packagings with a plastics inner for solids or inner 6HA1, 6HA2, 6HB1, 6HB2, 6HC, 6HD1,
packagings
6HD2, 6HG1, 6HG2, 6HH1, 6HH2
8 Composite packagings with a plastics inner for liquids 6HA1, 6HA2, 6HB1, 6HB2, 6HC, 6HD1,
6HD2, 6HG1, 6HG2, 6HH1, 6HH2
9 Composite packagings (glass, stoneware and porcelain) 6PA1, 6PA2, 6PB1, 6PB2, 6PC, 6PD1, 6PD 2,
6PG1, 6PG2, 6PH1, 6PH2
10 Fibre or plywood drums for solids or inner packagings other 1G, 1D
than plastics
11 Fibre or plywood drums for solids with plastics inner 1G, 1D
packagings
12 Plastics boxes for solids or inner packagings 4H1, 4H2
NOTE The letters “T”, “V” and “W” may follow the codes in the table e.g. “1A1W”. Where applied these signify the following;
“W” a packaging of the same type indicated by the code but it is manufactured to a different specification than that set
down in the regulations, such a packaging should always be approved by the competent authority.
26
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ISO 16104:2003(E)
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6.1.5.1 6.4.1 -
6.1.5.1.1 6.4.1.1 5.1, 5.2
6.1.5.1.2 6.4.1.2 3.1, 4.1
6.1.5.1.3 6.4.1.3 Quality assurance Not part of standard
6.1.5.1.4 6.4.1.4 4.1
6.1.5.1.5 6.4.1.5 5.1, Annex D
6.1.5.1.6 6.4.1.6 Not part of testing
6.1.5.1.7 6.4.1.7 4.1, Annex C.1
6.1.5.1.8 6.4.1.8 Quality assurance
6.1.5.1.9 6.4.1.9
6.1.5.1.10 6.4.1.10 5.1
6.1.5.1.11 6.4.8 4.1 Annex C.2
Preparation of packagings for testing
6.1.5.2 6.4.2 -
6.1.5.2.1 6.4.2.1 5.3, 5.4, 5.5
6.1.5.2.2 6.2.2.2 5.3
6.1.5.2.3 6.2.2.3 Table 1(Col. 7, 12)
6.1.5.2.4 N/A Not addressed
6.1.5.2.5 6.2.2.4 Compatibility separate std see
ENISO16101.
Note: RID/ADR includes 6.1.5.2.6 –
6.1.5.2.8 which refer to compatibility testing
see ENISO16104
Drop test
6.1.5.3 6.4.3 7.1
6.1.5.3.1 6.4.3.1 7.1 Table 2
6.1.5.3.2 6.4.3.2 4.1 Table 1(Col 8 Notes 2, 5)
6.1.5.3.3 6.4.3.3 6.5
6.1.5.3.4 6.4.3.4 7.1.2
6.1.5.3.5 6.4.3.5 -
6.1.5.3.5.1 6.4.3.5.1 4.2a)
6.1.5.3.5.2 6.4.3.5.2 7.1.7
6.1.5.3.5.3 6.4.3.5.3 4.2b)
6.1.5.3.5.4 6.4.3.5.4 4.2b)
6.1.5.3.5.5 6.4.3.5.5 4.2a)
6.1.5.3.5.6 6.4.3.5.6 4.2b)
Leakproofness test
6.1.5.4 6.4.4 7.3
6.1.5.4.1 6.4.4.1 4.1 Table 1(Col 14)
6.1.5.4.2 6.4.4.2 7.3.3
6.1.5.4.3 6.4.4.3 4.1 Table 1(Col 15), 7.3.4, 7.3.5
6.1.5.4.4 6.4.4.4 4.4.2
Internal pressure (hydraulic) test
6.1.5.5 7.4
6.1.5.5.1 6.4.5.1 4.1 Table 1 (Col 16)
6.1.5.5.2 6.4.5.2 4.1 Table 1 (Col 16)
6.1.5.5.3 N/A 7.4.3 (7.3.3)
6.1.5.5.4 6.4.5.3 4.1 Table 1(Col 17)
6.1.5.5.5 6.4.5.4 7.4.4
6.1.5.5.6 N/A 7.4.1 Note 2 (Unique to Air) In RID/ADR
and IMDG Code this is 6.1.5.5.6
6.1.5.5.7 6.4.5.5 4.5
Stacking test
6.1.5.6 6.4.6.1 4.1 Table 1
6.1.5.6.1 6.4.6.2 4.1 Table 1(Col 9)
6.1.5.6.2 6.4.6.3 4.1 Table 1 (Col 12, 13), 7.2
6.1.5.6.3 6.4.6.4 4.3
Cooperage test
6.1.5.7 N/A Not addressed
Test report
6.1.5.8 6.4.7 Annex E (see note below)
6.1.5.8.1 6.4.7.1 Annex E
6.1.5.8.2 6.4.7.2 and 6.4.7.3 Annex E
NOTE Note in RID/ADR 6.1.5.8 addresses compatibility and is dealt with in EN ISO 16101 and the test report is in
paragraph 6.1.5.9
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B.4 Liquids
Unless there is an explicit or implicit indication to the contrary in the UN Recommendations, dangerous goods with
a melting point or initial melting point of 20°C or lower at a pressure of 101,3 kPa can be considered to be liquids.
A viscous substance for which a specific melting point cannot be determined should be subjected to the test in
ASTM D 4359-90 or to the test for determining fluidity (penetrometer test) prescribed in the European Agreement
concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road (ADR), annex A, appendix A.3, with the
modifications that the penetrometer should conform to ISO 2137 and that the test should be used for viscous
substances of any class.
NOTE The substances packed in packagings include free-flowing liquids, pastes, viscous substances, powders and
granules. The choice of tests for any packaging depends crucially on whether the design type is to be tested for liquids or solids.
There is, however, no simple, absolute and natural distinction between the two. Moreover, some substances which are solids at
say 20 °C become liquid at 55 °C which is the reference temperature for that which may be experienced in transport. General
guidance on whether a design type should be tested for liquids or solids is provided in a) of this note with specific advice on
substances which may become liquid during a journey in b) and on phlegmatized substances in c).
a) As indicated, the UN Recommendations and the international agreements contain definitions making the distinction
between liquids and solids from measurements of specific melting point or by penetrometer testing. Such measurements
are rarely necessary in relation to packaging testing which may be carried out in a facility not equipped to make such
measurements. In most instances there will be little difficulty in choosing between testing for liquid or for solid contents. In
many instances a packaging will be designed for liquids and tested using water as contents without reference to any
specific dangerous liquid to be carried. Similarly, a packaging will be designed for solids and tested using, for example, a
mixture of plastics granules and fine powder without reference to any specific dangerous solid to be carried. In such
circumstances it is appropriate for each user of the packaging to check that the testing has been suitable for the dangerous
substance. In other instances, however, the design type tests for a packaging will be undertaken in relation to a specific
dangerous substance; if that substance should be borderline between a liquid and a solid, then it is recommended that the
appropriate data on it should be obtained before tests are selected and commenced.
b) Packagings being tested for solids which are likely to melt during the intended journey should be tested as for liquids.
c) Packagings being tested for solids which require phlegmatizing with a liquid for safe transport, such that there is free liquid
in the packaging, should be subjected to the appropriate tests for liquids with the test contents being a representative
mixture of solids and liquids.
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Annex C
(normative)
Special packagings
C.1.1 Introduction
The UN Recommendations provide for the use of a special packaging which will not be tested as prepared for
transport. This is known as the “V” marked packaging (relating to the mark issued by the competent authority).
Where such a packaging is developed the following procedures shall be followed. Articles or inner packagings of
any type for solids or liquids may be assembled and transported without testing in an outer packaging under the
conditions set out below.
C.1.2 Requirements
The outer packaging shall have been successfully tested in accordance with 7.1 with fragile (e.g. glass) inner
packagings containing liquids using the packing group I drop height.
The outer packaging shall have successfully passed the stacking test in 7.2 while empty. The total mass of
identical packagings shall be based on the combined mass of inner packagings used for the drop test.
3000
M1 = − 1 × m
h
where:
The provisions of 5.1 and 5.2 shall apply. The packaging shall be filled as follows:
a) The inner packagings shall be of glass, porcelain or stoneware and the type and thickness of cushioning
material shall be noted in the test report along with the number and arrangement of the inner packagings.
b) Inner packagings containing liquids shall be completely surrounded with a sufficient quantity of absorbent
material to absorb the entire liquid contents of the inner packagings.
c) If the outer packaging is intended to contain inner packagings for liquids and is not leakproof, or is intended to
contain inner packagings for solids and is not siftproof, a means of containing any liquid or solid contents in the
event of leakage shall be provided in the form of a leakproof liner, plastics bag or other equally efficient means
of containment. For packagings containing liquids, the absorbent material required in b) above shall be placed
inside the means of containing the liquid contents.
d) the thickness and identification of the cushioning material (e.g. vermiculite) between inner packagings and
between inner packagings and the outer packaging shall be measured and the relevant minimum thickness(es)
recorded in the test report.
30
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NOTE Included in the test report there should be an additional calculation showing the gross mass permitted for this packaging
type. The UN Recommendations require the total combined gross mass of inner packagings should not exceed one-half the
gross mass of inner packagings used for the drop testing. This information should be used by the competent authority to
determine the final mark.
1
M = m+ p
2
where:
p is the mass of the inner packagings including contents used for the drop test in Kg.
The UN mark allocated shows that the packaging has been tested to packing group I level for combination
packagings.
Packagings tested under this procedure have a special marking which includes the letter “V”.
C.2.1 Introduction
Damaged, defective or leaking dangerous goods packagings, or dangerous goods that have spilled or leaked are
transported in special salvage packagings. This does not prevent the use of a bigger size packagings of
appropriate type and performance level tested in accordance with this standard.
C.2.2 Requirements
The packaging shall be filled with water in accordance with 5.3.3. The addition of lead shot or other additives is
permitted to achieve the requisite packaging mass provided they are placed so that the test results are not affected
(see 5.3.2.)
The packaging shall be dropped in accordance with 7.1.3 from a height of 1,2 m.
The stacking test shall be carried out in accordance with the provision 4.3 and tested in accordance with 7.2.
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The packaging shall be treated in accordance with the provision of 4.4 and tested in accordance with 7.3. The
pressure to be applied shall be 30 kPa.
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C.2.3 Test procedures
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Annex D
(informative)
D.1 Metal drums and jerricans and composites with a metal outer body
In certain circumstances stacking tests can be waived when the test has been carried out on an equivalent design
type.
Stack testing is not normally required when the design type can be assimilated to a design type previously certified
from the same manufacturer (referred to here as the "previous design type"). Compared with the previous design
type, the packagings being tested may have changes to the head and the base, including changes to closures
providing no closure is subject to stack loads, but should meet the conditions set out in a) to e) as follows:
a) the cross section should be identical and the height of packagings to be tested may be slightly less than that of
the previous design type;
b) the body construction should be identical. This includes general configuration e.g. seams, rolling hoops and
corrugations;
c) the body metal thickness should not be less than that of the previous design type;
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d) the stack load required should be equal to or less than the load for which the previous design type has been
certified;
e) test reports should contain the following wording in the results section on stack testing “already covered by
Test Report(s) ****** ”, together with a note of the applied load recorded in the report to which reference is
made and the calculated load required for the packaging for which the new mark is being sought.
Annex E
(normative)
E.1 Introduction
Every test shall be accompanied by a test report, the contents of which are set out below.
This shall be the organization that undertook the actual testing. The front page of the report shall be on the headed
paper of the test facility. If headed paper is not available the report shall be clearly traceable to the author and the
test facility.
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The applicant can be the manufacturer, the user of the packaging or any person in the packaging chain.
NOTE In some instances the test facility and applicant address may be the same.
This shall be a number which enables full traceability back to the original test facility working documents that refer
to the original test. The report number shall appear on every page of the report and any annexes. Any subsequent
amendments shall include the number and clearly show it is an amendment to or an addition to the original report.
E.1.4 Date
This shall be the date the report was completed, rather than the date that testing was completed. The report shall
also include the date of the start and completion of the tests and the date of receipt of test items.
E.1.5 Manufacturer
Because packaging specifications (see annex G) are a part of the report, the manufacturer’s name in the main
body of the report may not be necessary provided this is clearly stated in one of the annexes which can be clearly
linked to the main report.
The description of the packaging design type (including dimensions, closures) shall include the method of
manufacture (e.g. blow moulding).
The main report shall include a general description of the packaging. Full details of the packaging components and
material shall be included either in the specification (see annex G) (provided there is a clear link between it and the
main report) or in the main report. A check for conformity with the relevant definition in the regulations shall be
included (see annex B).
E.1.7 Capacities
The test report shall include the nominal capacity and the maximum capacity (brimful/overflow capacity) as defined
in 3.4 in litres. For packagings for liquids, the test report shall include brimful (overflow) capacity in litres. For
packagings for solids (including inner packagings and articles) the test report shall include the gross mass in kg.
34
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Characteristics of test contents, which shall include for example viscosity and relative density for liquids and bulk
density, particle size for solids and angle of repose.
The report shall identify the number of packagings. Each packaging sample shall have its own identification
number which shall be documented. At least one packaging shall be weighed full or empty.
The report shall include a conclusion clearly indicating the packaging group to which the tests belong and the test
levels achieved, particularly hydraulic pressure for liquid packagings and the maximum gross mass and density for
combination packagings.
Where a competent authority has agreed to deviations from the standard methods set out in this standard,
reference to such authorization shall be included in the test report.
E.1.10 Signature
The test report shall be signed with the name and status of the signatory.
The person who was responsible for the testing, shall sign the report against his or her typed name and position in
the laboratory. That person might be the tester or his/her supervisor.
“This packaging was tested as prepared for transport in accordance with the provisions of part 6.1.5 of Chapter 6.1
of the UN Recommendations in particular sections ..................
NOTE 2 The competent authority may require the reference to relevant regulations
The test report shall include the results of the specification check by the test laboratory. Items which shall be
included in the check are marked with an asterisk in the tables in annex G.
Where further explanatory notes are given these are indicated by a letter in the tables in annex G and are listed
below:
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Annex F
(informative)
Selective testing
F.1 General
Some consignors may wish to have a range of packagings tested in a number of different sizes but of the same
construction and material. In such situations it may not be necessary to carry out testing for every possible
permutation. This selective testing procedure is recognized, but only after agreement with the competent authority
who will advise which combinations are to be tested.
When selective testing is undertaken in respect of a range of packagings, provided it can be demonstrated that the
packaging can meet the test levels in the weakest construction case using the same test medium, the criteria that
may be considered for metal packagings are as follows:
a) variations in head design, e.g. convex or concave;
b) variations in closure systems due to alternative suppliers, provided interchangeability criteria have been met;
When selective testing is undertaken in respect of a range of packagings, provided it can be demonstrated that the
drum and jerrican can meet the test levels in the weakest construction case using the same test medium, the
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criteria that may be considered for plastics packagings for liquids, are as follows:
a) variations in the number of closures and their location in the drum;
c) variations in closure types, e.g. plain, combination, vented, external or internal thread, etc;
36
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Where selective testing is undertaken in respect of a range of packagings, provided that it can be demonstrated
that the drum and jerricans can meet the test levels in the weakest construction case using the same test medium,
the criteria that may be considered for plastics drums for solids, inner packagings or articles, are as follows:
a) variations in head material and design;
When selective testing is undertaken in respect of a range of packagings, provided that it can be demonstrated that
the drum can meet the test levels in the weakest construction case using the same test medium, the criteria that
may be considered for fibre drums for solids, inner packagings or articles, are as follows:
a) variations in head material and design;
b) variations in closure systems due to alternative suppliers, provided interchangeability criteria have been met;
e) minor variation in number of plies within sidewall, lid or base provided the minimum material thickness is
maintained.
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Annex G
(normative)
Packaging specifications
To assist in the identification of a packaging, following the issue of a test report, it is necessary to have a detailed
specification.
The attached table matrices, G.1.1 to G.5.2, correlate the different packaging types with data which are necessary
for the identification of test packagings by users, test facilities and competent authorities.
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1) drums, jerricans, bottles, jars etc — Tables G.1.1 and G.1.2;
Tables G1, G.2, G.3 and G.5 are in two parts. The first table shall apply to all packagings in that category. The
second table shall be applicable only to particular packaging types when indicated by an “S”.
Each item in the table is numbered and in G.2 at the end of this Annex there are explanatory notes for many of the
numbers to assist in interpretation.
The following symbols relate to procedures in relation to checking specifications on completion of testing by the test
laboratory):
* = item to be checked;
A = thickness only;
B = combined grammage;
S = technical data.
The specification check shall be done visually and, where relevant, by measuring main dimensions and
thicknesses.
The specification check data as measured on the test samples shall be recorded and compared with the design
type specification including manufacturing tolerances. The measured data of the test samples should be within the
stated tolerances.
38
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Table G.1.1— Drums, jerricans, bottles and jars etc. — Packaging specification detail applicable to all
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Table G1.2 — Drums, jerricans, bottles and jars etc — Packaging specification detail applicable as
indicated
No.
Fibreboard
Plywood
32 Nominal thickness and material type and grade *A S S S S S
head or lid
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No.
Expanded plastics
Natural wood
Fibreboard
Plastics
Metal
38 Material lid gasket S S S
55 Material ends S S
32 Nominal thickness, material type and grade head or lid *A S S S S S
33 Nominal thickness, material type and grade side walls *A S S S S S
34 Nominal thickness, material type and grade base *A S S S S S
56 Method of joining panels * S S
57 Manufacturer’s join body * S
58 Grammage by paper and paper type * S
59 Corrugated flute type * S
60 Corrugated combined grammage * S
61 Corrugated edge crush * S
62 Burst strength * S
91 Puncture * S
35 Material type, grade (polymer) body S
36 Material type, grade (polymer) base S
37 Material type, grade (polymer) lid S
63 Density * S
64 Top flap inner gap or meet S
65 Top flap outer meet or overlap S
66 Bottom flap inner gap or meet S
67 Bottom flap outer meet or overlap S
NOTE * = required on specification checks (see G.2); A = thickness to be measured for specification check (see G.2); B =
combined grammage shall be checked (see G.2); S = required data for that packaging type.
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No.
Unlined/uncoated textile
Other woven plastics
Other textile
Plastics film
Paper
32 Material type and grade S S S S S
35 Type of film grade S
33 Nominal thickness, material type and grade *A S
79 Fabric (warp/weft), tapes per 100 mm * S S S S
82 Coating, material, thickness/weight S S S
83 Liner, material, thickness * S S S
45 Number of plies * S
46 Grammage of plies * S S S
84 Material strength elongation S S S
85 Material strength tensile (energy absorption) S
NOTE * = required on specification checks (see G.2); A = thickness to be measured for specification
check (see G.2); B = combined grammage shall be checked (see G.2), S = required data for that packaging
type.
Table G4— Inner receptacles of composites packaging specification detail — Applicable to all
44
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Table G5.1— Inner packaging of combination packaging specification detail — Removable fittings
Table G5.2— Inner packaging of combination packaging specification detail — Permanent fittings
1. Packaging description i.e. steel drum, code where appropriate i.e. 1A1 (see Table B.2) and trade name.
2. Name and address of manufacturer of packaging or appropriate component.
3. Method of construction i.e. welded; glued and stitched; nailed etc.
4. Nominal capacity: see 3.4.2.
5 Brimful capacity: see 3.4.1.
8. Smallest and largest for conical shaped packagings.
9. For non-circular packagings.
10. Usually found on drums.
11. From ground to highest point, however the dimensions may be less than that specified in the test report.
12. Adjusted height to allow for any interlocking features of packaging; may also include battens on boxes.
13. Where applicable.
14. Where applicable.
15. Also indicate if an optional extra.
16. Required for each closure and variant.
17. Position on drum.
18. Required for each one and variant, including plastics polymer details.
19. May include trade name and any features or marks on closure.
21. Mass of individual closure with gasket/wad.
22. For each closure.
23. For each closure.
24. If fitted.
25. Gasket details.
31. Mass of container and closures and associated fittings.
32. All materials other than plastics.
33. All materials other than plastics.
34. All materials other than plastics.
35. Plastics materials only.
36. Plastics materials only.
37. Plastics materials only.
38. When lid or head fitted with gasket, washer or seal.
46. Combined grammage will include an allowance for the glues between the paper plies.
49. To allow for large screw caps, pill box lids, etc.
50. Particularly plastics.
51. Include FEFCO/ASSCO code for fibreboard boxes if applicable.
53. This is to include taping patterns and any additional means of closing such as straps.
54. Battens, corner posts etc.
68. Valved, gussetted etc. Some of this may be covered by 1.
86. This may not be the same as any of the manufacturers of the parts of a composite packaging.
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Bibliography
Standards publications
EN 22234, Packaging — Complete filled transport packages — Stacking test using static load (ISO 2234:1985)
EN ISO 12048, Packaging — Complete filled transport packages — Compression and stacking tests using a
compression tester (ISO 12048:1994)
prEN ISO 16101, Packaging – Transport packaging for dangerous goods – Plastics compatibility testing (ISO/DIS
16101:1999)
Other documents
The UN Recommendations have been developed by the United Nations Committee of experts on the transport of
dangerous goods, in the light of technical progress, the advent of new substances and materials, the exigencies of
modern transport systems and, above all, the need to ensure the safety of people, property and the environment.
Amongst other aspects, the recommendations cover principles of classification and definition of classes, listing of
the principal dangerous goods, general packing requirements, testing procedures, marking, labelling or placarding,
and shipping documents. There are in addition special recommendations related to particular classes of goods (in
particular Explosives).
Though written in technical terms, the testing procedures still include areas of interpretation which may lead to
international inconsistencies in application. This standard gives guidance with respect to uniform interpretation and
application of the UN testing procedures.
The following regulations are referred to in the text of the standard. Each edition is revised regularly and the latest
one should be used. Test facilities should be in possession of at least one of the documents or alternatively their
national law where it includes the relevant UN provisions.
[1] The United Nations Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods — Model Regulations.
ST/SG/A.C. 10/1/Rev.12. Geneva : United Nations, 1997, ISBN 92-1-139074-5.
[2] The European Agreement Concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road (ADR) Geneva:
United Nations 1999, ISBN 92-1-139070-2 and ISBN 92-1-139071-0.
[3] Regulations Concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Rail (RID). Berne:Organisation
intergouvernementale pour les transports ferroviaires (OTIF), 1999.
[4] International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code (IMDG). London: International Maritime Organisation, ISBN 92-
801-5090-1.
[5] Technical Instructions for the Safe Transport of Dangerous Goods by Air (ICAO TI/2001/2002). DOC 9284.
AN/905. Montreal: International Civil Aviation Organization
The directives of the European Community require the member states to apply the provisions of RID/ADR to all
dangerous goods traffic in their territories:
Council Directive 94/55EC on the approximation of the laws of the Member States with regard to the transport of
dangerous goods by road. OJ L319.
Council Directive 96/49EC on the approximation of the laws of the Member States with regard to the transport of
dangerous goods by rail. OJ L235.
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