Arts m12 - for your reference

Arts m12 - for your reference

Course: Art Appreciation (ARTS1) 22 documents

University: Nueva Vizcaya State University

Info
Arts m12 - for your reference

I. UNIT TITLE/CHAPTER TITLE

INDIGENOUS ART

II. LESSON TITLE

1. Indigenous Art
2. Muslim Art
3. Christian Art
4. Contemporary Art
a. Known Filipino Contemporary Artist and Works
b. Filipino Musicians and Singers
5. Practices and Movements in Contemporary Philippine Art

III. LESSON OVERVIEW

This lesson provides the students an overview on the soul, space and symmetry art
and the improvisation on various art form.

IV. DESIRED LEARNING OUTCOMES

At the end of the chapter, the students will be able to:
1.trace and summarize the development of the arts, art appreciation and aesthetics in
the contemporary practice; and
2.identify the contemporary art practices and movements.

V. LESSON CONTENT
1. Indigenous Art
 It is the artwork created by the Indigenous people (the traditional people) who come
from the land.
 Sculpture
 a three-dimensional artwork created by shaping or combining hard materials, typically
stone such as marble, metal, glass, or wood, or plastic materials such as clay, textiles,
polymers and softer metals.
 Carving
 it is one of the techniques used in sculpture.

 Bul-ul are carved Anito figures of the Ifugaos: these represent their ancestral
spirit and granary gods. A seated ifugao "bulul" at the conclusion of the
annual Ifugao harvest ritual "bululs" placed in rice granaries are considered
guardians of the harvest.

 Sarimanok - the most well-known of the old designs, the sarimanok. The
figure represents a fowl with wings, feathered tail, and a head decorated with
ornaments of scrolled and painted motif of leaves, spirals, and feather-like
forms. It usually stands on a fish and another one hangs from its beak. The
wooden figure, usually perched atop a bamboo pole, stands among
decorative flags during weddings and other festive occasion
Arts m12 - for your reference

 Hagabi - is a bench that is only used among the rich Ifugao. Usually carved out of a
single tree trunk, it is a symbol of wealth and prestige. Owen C. Tomlinson, first
Military Governor of Ifugao (1911-1915), made this unusual stone.

 Panolong – this is a carved end beam of the Torogon

 Pottery
 These are objects that are first shaped of wet clay, then hardened by baking. Pottery
includes both decorative and practical items such as bowls, vases, dishes, and lamps.
 Pottery in the Philippines varies in forms and functions. The forms of the pots are
directly influenced by the functions of the pots and the tradition of the community/local
area.

 Manunggul Jar - A National Treasure of the Philippines. A secondary burial jar,

it is designated item 64-MO-74 in the National Museum of the Philippines,
Manila. The jar was found in Chamber A of the Tabon Cave, one of the Manunggul
caves in Palawan. The jar is dated from about 2800 years before the present. It was
found by Robert Fox and Miguel Santiago.

 Leta-leta cave – Located at Langen Island, El Nido, Palawan, it was excavated

in 1965 by Dr. Robert Fox. It is an important burial site belonging to the Late
Neolithic Period where an assemblage of stone and shell artifacts associated
with sophisticated pottery and nephrite adzes and axes were recovered. Other
materials include stone ornaments and shell beads.

 Palayok – it is a clay pot used as the traditional food preparation container in

the Philippines. Palayok is a Tagalog word; in other parts of the country,
especially in the Visayas, it is called a kulon; smaller-sized pots are referred
to as anglit.

 Weaving
 Weaving means to make cloth and other objects. Threads or strands of material are
passed under and over each other.
 Weaving in the Philippines has different forms, functions and materials. They also
vary in design and techniques used. Most of the common forms of weaving
in the Philippines are in the form of hats, mats, bags, baskets and textiles
(clothes and blankets).
 Malong – a bearing okir designs. The Maranaos call their ornamental design
okir, a general term for both the scroll and the geometric form. The scroll is
Arts m12 - for your reference

the dominant feature in the men’s work composed of various spiral forms. In contrasts,
the zigzag and angular forms are the dominating motifs. The most popular of all the
malong styles is the landap.

 Physical Ornaments
 Physical ornamentation can be categorized to three areas specifically
the use of traditional costumes (textile), jewelries and tattoos. The designs
vary depending on the location, users and function of the ornaments.

 Linglingo – used as either an earring or a necklace pendant by Filipino

tribes on the island Luzon in northern Philippines. The Ifugao, Bontoc,
Kalinga, and Gaddang tribes wear them as pendants on necklaces or as
earrings.

 Filipino bawisak earrings - Traditional Ifugao tribe have Bawisak

earrings, which the bottom shell design either represents a butterfly, a
certain item of male generative anatomy.

 B'laan - one of the indigenous peoples of Southern Mindanao in The

Philippines. They are famous for their brassworks, beadwork and t'nalak
weave. The people of these tribes wear colorful embroidered native
costumes and beadwork accessories.

 The Kalinga are called the “peacocks of the north” because of their
attention to appearance and dressing. Kalinga is a landlocked province of
northern Cordillera, Philippines. “Kalinga” means enemy, a name that the
bordering inhabitants called this tribe because of their headhunting
attacks. The name stuck and became accepted by the natives
themselves.

 The T'boli distinguish themselves from other Tribal Groups by their

colorful clothes, bracelets and earrings, this tribe is famous for their
complicated beadwork, wonderful woven fabrics and beautiful brass
ornaments.

 The Bagobo are proud people with proto Malayan features. They
have ornate traditions in weaponry and other metal arts. They are noted
for their skill in producing brass articles through the ancient lost-wax
process. These people also weave abacca cloths of earth tones and
make baskets that are trimmed with beads, fibers and horse's hair.
Arts m12 - for your reference

2. Muslim Art
 Islam as a religion has long been established since the early A.D.
600s. Calligraphy is used as the main form of expression.
 It place emphasis on creating an artform that is built on the beauty
and respect for the teachings of Islam.
 It is characterized by designs of flowers, plant forms and geometric
designs. It is used in calligraphy, architecture painting, clothing and
other forms of fine art.
 In the 13th century, traders and missionaries have introduced the
religion of Islam in the Philippine
 Islamic art in the Philippines is found predominantly in Muslim ethnic groups where
every group offers their own distinct flavor of Islamic art. This distinct art is commonly
seen in homes, clothing and places of worship of Filipino Muslims.

 A traditional art form known as Okkir. This art form is believed to be of Hindu and
Chinese influences. Okkir uses geometric and floral artwork. One popular motif of this
art form is the use of an imagery of a dragon or serpent.

 Buraq, a winged horse with a head of a woman. This imagery relates

Prophet Muhammad’s ascension to heaven.

 Other famous creature -- the sarimanok, a symbol for bravery and

nobility.

 Philippine Muslim homes represents their identity therefore Islamic art

is seen in their houses. These houses usually contains framed calligraphy
of Qur’an passages in its walls. These ornaments usually are made from
Muslim dominated countries like Malaysia, Egypt and Saudi Arabia brought
home by overseas Filipino workers as mementos of their pilgrims.

 Clothing reflects the stlye and colours of their ethnic background. A

design related to Islam thatis used in the Philippines is the batik cloth
design. This kind of design traces its influence from Indonesia. It contains
abstract themes with geometric and floral design. However, human and
animal depiction is a rare motif in batik.

 Filipino Muslims believe that following dress requirements shows their

Muslim identity. They have now considered the Middle East as reference for
the proper Muslim dress.

3. Christian Art
Arts m12 - for your reference

 Historical Overview
 Though the South have been resistant, the Spanish Colonizers gained control in the
Central part, which they classified them as “Lowland Christians.”;
 Art forms, as they demanded, are under the strict rule of the church and the colonial
state, and; •
 By Religious orders they dispatched to convert all the natives to Catholicism.
 Art forms are stylistically and culturally which are classified under: Religious art ,
Lowland Christian art, Folk art.
 To carry out their projects like, the plaza complex, they relocated the natives and let
them build town centers, municipio(s), and cruches.
 Architecture
 Saints and interpretations are the essentials into worship.
 As the process of engraving, painting and sculpting they are highly
supervis ed in accordance to imposing scale and overall visual appeal.
 The friars brought the Western models for our local artists to copy which
are most likely made from either ivory or wood and portrays classical
and baroque models.
 In the 17th century, Chinese artisans are engaged in making icons or
saints or santos, building churches and houses, making furniture which later on
spread throughout Cebu, Batangas, Manila, and Ilocos
 It drew upon Chinese features and techniques like in Nuestra Señora del Rosario in
Bohol which Kuanyin, the deity of mercy in East Asian Buddhism.

 Sculpture and Ornamentation

 Santos are displayed most on decorative altar niche, which are called
retablo.Town’s patron saint implies with architecture and sculpture which
embellished with rosettes, scrolls, pediments and Solomonic columns and
are color dependently classified (gilded or polychromed).
 Via Crucis (14 paintings or relief sculptures) is series of reliefs which s hows
Christ’s crucifixion and resurrection
 In other churches, Holy Family, the Virgin Mary, and the four evangelists
proliferate in the ceilings and walls in an ornate manner of trompe l’oeil.
 In Taal Basilica in Batangas or at the St. James the Apostle Parish in Betis,
Pampanga it can be seen.
 Music
 Western musical instruments like the pipe organ, the violin, the guitar, and the piano
gives a very new European flavor with new rhythms, melodies and musical forms.
 Catholic liturgical music, in 1742, where Archbishop of Manila, Juan Rodriguez Angel
started singing schools in Manila Cathedral which boomed the industry of choirs.
 Other musical forms like pasyon or pabasa which are biblical narration of Christ’s
passion chanted (sometimes read)
 Lowland Christian communities of Pampanga, Ilocos, Bicol, and Iloilo, on another hand,
has awit and the corrido which musical forms chanted, based on European literature
 Balitao - sentimental love songs and lullabies in the latter half of the 19th century
 Kundiman - spoke about resignation and fatalism, a vehicle for resistance with lyrics of
unrequited love.

 Writing System
 Mangyans of Mindoro has bamboo poles which are etched with Baybayin script, used
for courtship and emotional concerns
Arts m12 - for your reference

 In the town of Ticao, Southern Leyte, a huge stone contained of Baybayin invocate a
safe journey by sea.
 Spanish colonization brought with it printing technology in the form of catechism and
prayer books in Spanish for a lot to read and write and to evangel.

 Theater
 There are a lot of theater forms formed locally and through colonization with a
simultaneously development of literature and other art forms. • One of the earliest forms
of theater is pomp and pageantry − A religious processions with embellished carrozas
that shows religious tableaus, saints and scenes.
 Zarzuela or Sarsuwels in the 19th century is a singing and dancing - prose dialogue
which the story is carried out in song
 Senakulo − Christ’s suffering in metaphor to the suffering of Filipinos under Spanish
colonial rule. 1st senakulo written in 1704 by Gaspar Aquino de Belen is now divided
into two main types : Komedya de Santo - life of Christ or of any saint - during church
celebrations - stylized way - extravagant costumes - elaborately choreographed war
scene and Secular Komedya commonly known as “Moro-Moro” which is typical a love
story Christian hero and an Islamic heroine, clashes, and is done with dance.
 In many towns in the provinces of Pampanga and Tarlac, senakulo is in Kapampangan
or Ilocano and is a full staging crucifixion, literally, which serves also a major tourist and
media attraction. Senakulo in Nueva Ecija − araguio or arakyo.
 Dance
 As the galleon trade between Mexico and the Philippines brought Mexican influences
Cariñosa, Pandanggo or Fandango, Polka, Dansa and the Rigodon and European
influence like Habañera, Jota, and Tango dances from Spain
 are expressed through visual interpretation through biblical texts in Catholic devotion.
Like; Heaven, Earth, and Hell (1850) is a mural of Jose Dans placed now in Paete
Church, Laguna that shows the map of the universe and the terrifying depiction of hell.

 Paintings
 Image making during the period are conformed like in Basi Rev olt which is are 14
paintings by Esteban Villanueva that shows the defeat of Ilocanos who rebelled at the
Spanish government’s monopoly of basi or rice wine in 1821.

 Printing System
 Reprographic art of printmaking is brought as early as the 16th century which is a
technique of xylography or woodcut printing
 Doctrina Christiana (The Teachings of Christianity) − printed in 1593 in Spanish and
in Tagalog compiling song lyrics, commandments, sacraments, and other
catechetical material.
 It also engraves the production of secular or non-religious works like which
scientists and artists does maps as other sources of classification •
 In 1734, Jesuit priest Fr. Pedro Murillo Velarde with artists Francisco Suar ez and
the engraver Nicolas de la Cruz Bagay made Carta Hydrographica y Chorographica
de las Yslas Filipinas is a scientific map of the Philippines Printing System
 development of lithography born the reproduction of color palates, the mass printing
of newspapers and periodicals
 Another example is, Augustinian botanist Fr. Manuel Blanco made an extensive
compilation of the Philippine plants in Flora de Filipinas in 1878

4. Contemporary Art

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a. Known Filipino Contemporary Artist and Works

 FERNANDO AMORSOLO
 He was born May 30, 1892, in the Paco district of Manila.
 At 13 he was apprenticed to the noted Philippine artist Fabian
de la Rosa,
 First National Artist in Painting (1972) so-called "Grand Old
Man of Philippine Art“
 ARTWORKS: Planting Rice  Afternoon Meal of the Workers
(Noonday Meal of the Rice Workers)  Fruit Pickers Harvesting
Under The Mango Tree  Making of the Philippine Flag  Fruit
Gatherer  Sunday Morning Going To Town  The Bombing of
the Intende ncia  Dalagang Bukid

 CARLOS “BOTONG” FRANCISCO

 one of the greatest Filipino visual artists and muralists.,
recognized as a Philippine National Artist in 1973.
 He was affectionately called "Botong“, one of the of the
modernist artists together with Galo Ocampo and Victorio
Edades known as " The Triumvirate”"
 ARTWORK : Magpupukot Blood Compact

 VICENTE MANANSALA
 Filipino cubist painter and illustrator. Manansala was born in
Macabebe, Pampanga.
 In 1981, he was posthumously recognized as one of the
National Artists of the Philippines in Visual Arts
 His signature style is based on Cubism, but rather than
breaking down figures, shows them through transparent angular
forms.
 ARTWORK : Mother And The Child Balut Vendor And
Community Planting Of The First Cross

 VICTORIO EDADES
 He is a Filipino painter who was the leader of the revolutionary
Thirteen Moderns
 "Father of Modern Art in the Philippines" and named National
Artist in 1976.
 One of the triumvirate with Galo B. Ocampo and Botong
Francisco.
 ARTWORK: The Sketch and Builders

 FELIX RESURRECCION HIDALGO

 A Filipino artist. He is acknowledged as one of the great
Filipino painters of the late 19th century.
 One of the greatest Filipino painters along with fellow painter
Juan Luna in the 19th century
 ARTWORK: Young Filipina and After The Typhoon
Arts m12 - for your reference

 FABIAN DELA ROSA

 Filipino painter. He was an uncle and mentor to the Philippines'
national artist in painting, Fernando Amorsolo, and to his brother
Pablo.
 He is regarded as a "master of genre" in Philippine art,
recognized and was given the Patnubay ng Sining at Kalinangan
(Guide of the Arts and Culture) by the City of Manila in
 ARTWORK : Marikina Valley Planting Rice

 JUAN LUNA
 a Filipino painter, sculptor and a political activist of the
Philippine Revolution during the late 19th century. He became
one of the first recognized Philippine artists.
 ARTWORK: Spoliarium

 ANG KIUKOK
 a leading Filipino painter and a National Artist for Visual
Arts. • He first attained prominence in the Philippine arts scene
in the 1960s with a distinct style that fused influences from
cubism, surrealism and expressionis m. Some classified his
style as "figurative expressionism", others merely called it ugly
 ARTWORK: Crucifixion, Mother And Child

 LORENZO LEOGARDO GUERRERO

 He was a painter and an art teacher. He was the elder
brother of Leon Ma. Guerrero and art teacher to internationally-
acclaimed painter, Juan Luna.
 ANITA MAGSAYSAY-HO
 He was a Filipino painter. She was the only female member
of the Thirteen Moderns, a standing group of Filipino modernist
artists and in 1958 was chosen by a panel of experts at the six
major painters of the country. • The most famous work of
Magsaysay-Ho are subject to the beauty of Filipino women
dealing with everyday issues.
 Artwork: "Women with Fans", 1984. Oil on canvas, 37 x 94cm.

b. Filipino Musicians and Singers

 The Republic of the Philippines, through the National Commission for Culture and the
Arts , (NCCA) and the Cultural of the Philippines (CCP), established the order of the
National Artist Award or the Orden ng Pambansang Alagad ng Sining on April 27, 1972
under Proclamation No.1001.
 National Artist and their Contributions to Particular Areas: MUSIC

 ANTONINO R. BUENAVENTURA
 Research on and popularize Philippine Folk Songs and Dances in
1935.
 He wrote songs and musical arrangement based on the folk songs of
different groups in the country.
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 He was also the conductor of Philippine Army Band. With his lead, the Philippine
Army Band was tag as “The only band that can sound like a symphony orchestra”
 His Notable Marches: History of fantasy , Triumphal March , Echoes of the Past ,
Second Symphony in E-flat , Ode to Freedom, Echoes from the Philippines
 His Orchestral Music Composition: Prelude and Fugue in G Minor , Philippine
Triumphant , Symphony in C Major, Mindanao Sketches , Concert Overture

 JOSE MACEDA
 His life-long musical career focused on understanding and popularizing
Filipino traditional music
 His papers led to the understanding and appreciation of the ethnic and
traditional music from the Philippines.
 His major works: Ugma- ugma, Pagsamba, Udlot- udlot, Agungan,
Ugnayan, Aroding, Ading, Siasid, Suling – suling.

 LUCRECIA R. KASILAG
 She reinforces the Filipino’s appreciation to music by fusing Western
influence to Philippine ethnic music. She was the music director of the
Bayanihan Dance Company.
 She integrated ethnic instrument in her orchestral productions like:
Toccata for Percussions and Winds, Divertissement and Concertante, Filisiana,
De Profundis, Misang Filipino
 Her other works include: • Legend of the Sarimanok, Philppine Scenes,
Her Son, Ang Pamana, Jose, Sisa, Awit ng mga awit Psalms, Fantasie on a 4-note
Theme, East Meets Jazz Ethnika.

 ERNANI J. CUENCO
 He is one of the remarkable singer, composer, fil scorer and musician.
 His song etched a mark in the heart of the Filipinos due to his styles of
incorporating Kundiman elements in his ballad love songs
 Cuenco was a cellist for five years in Manila Symphony Orchestra and
a soloist for two years in Manila Chamber of Orchestra.
 He was also a professor in the University of Santo Tomas
 His popular works include: Bato sa Buhangin, Bulong ng Puso, Kalesa,
Gano Kita Kamahal, Diligin mo ng Hamog ang Uhaw na Lupa, Nahan, Kahit na
Magtiis.

 LUCIO SAN PEDRO

 A master composer known for creatively using folk idioms in his musical
compositions. He extracted the Filipino essence and style from the folk
materials and u se them in his compositions.
 He produced numerous works like songs, orchestral compositions,
chamber music and cantatas.
 His famous songs: Sa Ugoy ng Duyan, Lulay
 Orchestral compositions: Eastern Cantata, Sa Mahal kong Bayan
 Orchestral Works: The Devil Bridge Hope and Ambition , Malakas at
Maganda, Maganda Overture
 Band Musical Compositions: Dance of Fairies, Lahing Kayumanggi
 He was the conductor of three bands namely: Band of Angono,
Arts m12 - for your reference

Banda Angono Numero Uno, The San Pedro band of Angono

 ANTONIO J. MOLINA
 His notable contribution to the Philippine music is he use folk music in
his works.
 He innovated the Philippine music in his time by using folk inst
ruments like Kulintangan and Gabbang.
 Composed more than 300 works, 2/3 was involved orchestral music
 His works Involved orchestral music: Ang Batingaw, Kundiman-
Kundangan, The Living World, Hating Gabi, Kung sa iyong gunita,
Malikmata, We were Moonlight, Dancing Fool, Amihan, Awit Maria Clara,
Larawan Nitong Pilipinas.
 He established the Rondalla Ideal
 Known as the last musical triumvirate along other musicians - Nicanor Abelardo -
Francisco Santiago

 FRANCISCO FELICIANO
 Musician, Composer, Teacher and Conductor known for incorporating
“Asianess” in his music
 He created unique musical works by transforming
 His operas and orchestral works has unique musical language
carrying contemporary that uses modal scales.
 His major works: Sihay sa kabila ng Paalam La Loba Negra, Pokpok
Alimako, Pamagun, Yerma, Ashen Wings.

 LEVI CELERIO
 Plays violin when he was 11.
 Lyricist and wrote a wide range of songs of different themes
 He composed an estimate of 4000 musical works
 Lyricist: “ Ang pasko ay sumapit”
 Writing songs for Filiipino Movies
 Collaborated with Lucio san Pero, Ernani Cuenco.
 Known for making using a leaf Famous Pieces: Sa ugoy ng Duyan,
Dahil sa isang bulaklak, San ka man naroroon, Ang pipit, Kung
tayo’yMagtanim, Kalesa

 RAMON SANTOS
 Composed works that interweaved Asian Culture, Drama, poetry and
dance like his : Sandiwaan, Daragang Magayon, Ta-O, Awit ni Pulau
 His popular unique compositions is the Kulintang.
 Remarkable Filipina artist known for her portrayal of Cio-cio san in
Madame Butterfly by Giacomo Puccini, which was held in Treatro Municipale
di Piacenza in Italy.
 Spain awarded her as the “Embahadora de Filipinas a su Ma dre Patria”

 JOVITA FUENTES
 She was also the founder of the Artists’ Guild of the Philippines which
periodically produced the “Tour of Operaland”
 She was an educator of music at the University of the Philippines
Conservatory of Music, Sta. Isabel College and College of Holy Spirit.
Arts m12 - for your reference

 FELIPE PADILLA DE LEON

 He is a “Peoples Musician” for the sentiments and aspirations of th e
Filipino people in times of war and of peace are evident in his musical works.
 His orchestral music include: Mariang Makiling Overture, Roca
Encantada
 His symphonic works include: Maynila Overture, Orchesterstuk
 His Choral Music: Payapang Daigdig, Ako ay Pilipino, Bulaklak ,Mutya
ng Lahi

 ANDREA VENERACION
 She played a significant part in the development of the Philippine choral
music.
 She was the founder of the world- renowne d choral group, the
Philippine Madrigal Singers.
 The Madrigals contributed in the development of choral literature and
movement throughout the Philippines

5. Practices and Movements in Contemporary Philippine Art

 Philippine Modern Art 1946 - 1970
 The study of determining what is Philippine Contemporary Art Period is still
being
determined since the word has been used loosely even during the American Colonial
Period. However, some Philippine art historians/critic has always been a follower of the
Western Art Style and its trends at that point, and thus suggested that this was actually
the point where Philippine Modern Art Period started but went only full swing after the
war.
 This is set by the creation of the Art Association of the Philippines (AAP) that in a
way has a strong leaning with the Modernist than the Conservatives (the traditional art

 Philippine Contemporary Art 1980s to Present

 It was on the on-set of the sudden rise of personal computers and new
technology created a new art medium for the arts and human expression. But there
were also countless revivals of old styles being done. This started a new direction for
the arts, thus setting the name, momentarily, the Philippine Contemporary Period.
 Filipino Art Style that Developed through Spanish Period:
 Miniaturismo Art - style that pays attention to the embroidery and texture of the
costume “Portrait of Romano Carillo” by Justiniano Asuncion
 Letras y Figuras Art- style that fuses letters with figures in every day activity
amidst a common background Usually used in painting a patron’s full name.

 Key Movements in Philippine Art

 Movements are styles in art shaped by artists with a common philosophy or goal.
 These movements can be borne out of the social climates that they became
popular in, or be made as responses to previous movements.
 Most of the key art movements found in the Philippines have Western origin.
 Key Movements from Baroque to Pop Art
 Baroque - An art movement that arose in Europe during the 17th
and 18th centuries. This movement was characterized by
Arts m12 - for your reference

extravagant imagery through use of extensive decoration and ornamentation.

During this period, we adapted this art style from Spain. Santo
 Example: Paoay Church

 Neoclassicism - This art style followed soon after the Baroque

movement at the start of the 19th century. It harkens back to the
style of the Classical period of the Greeks and Romans, with an
emphasis on symmetry, order and simplicity.
 Example: Baguio City Hall National Museum

 Romanticism - An art movement characterized by an emphasis on

the senses and emotion, sometimes seen as a response to the
sober methods preferred in Neoclassicism, as Romanticism also
became prominent during the 19th century. Juan Luna is the most
prominent Filipino artist in this movement, with a blend of some
impressionist style in his work.
 Expoliarium, Juan Luna (1884)

 Realism - This art movement from the 19th century heavily pushed
for the art style of Naturalism that aimed to represent nature the
way it truly appears. Notable artists here are Felipe Roxas and
Fernando Amorsolo. Amorsolo, however, was one of the artists in
the realism movement to paint nature such that he perfects it, with
some stylized depictions.
 Tinikling in Barrio, Fernando

 Expressionism - This art movement, made popular in the 20th

century, went for a style that did not necessarily concern itself with
observation, often using geometric shapes and highly intense colors,
such as the work of Ang Kiukok. Other artists use distortion and dull
colors to depics various Dog Fight, Ang Kiukok (1982)
 Dog Fight, Ang Kiukok (1982)
 Cubism - An art movement that started around 1907 made famous
by Pablo Picasso, which utilized the use of figures like cubes, cones,
and cylinders to depict everyt hing in nature. Vicente Manansala
created transparent cubism, where the human figure remained intact
while the background or the environment was still depicted in the
cubic
 Madonna of the Slums, Vicente Manansala (1950) Flower Vendor, Onib
Olmedo (1987)
 Impressionism - This art movement became famous in the 19th century with artists
like Claude Monet of France. This movement was concerned with capturing the
impression of light on objects and scenery, with artists like Emilio Aguilar Cruz and
Andres Cristobal beingJones Bridge, Emilio Cruz.

 Surrealism- Made famous in the early 1920s by artists like Salvador

Dali, this art movement aimed to depict the subconscious of the artist.
Galo Ocampo is an artist of this movement.
 The River of Life, Galo Ocampo