Yasin Half Wave Full Wave
Yasin Half Wave Full Wave
Yasin Half Wave Full Wave
Name of the Experiment: Half wave and full wave rectifier with\without filter.
Fig:1
The dc level obtained from a sinusoidal input can be improved 100% using a
process called full-wave rectification. The most familiar network for performing
such a function appears in Fig. 2 with its four diodes in a bridge configuration.
During the period t=0 to T>2 the polarity of the input is as shown in Fig. 2. The
resulting polarities across the ideal diodes are also shown in Fig. 2. to reveal that
D2 and D3 are conducting, whereas D1 and D4 are in the "off" state. The net result is
the configuration of Fig. 2.. with its indicated current and polarity across R. Since
the diodes are ideal, the load voltage is vo=v1, as shown in the same figure.
The average or de value of this simple half-wave and full wave rectified signal , Vdc
is 0.318 Vm and 0.636 Vm respectively.
Necessary Equipment:
In this experiment , you will need following elements and instruments to the
circuit diagram.
Sl.No. Name Range/Value Quantity
1. Transformer 230V/9V 1
2. Diode 1N4001 05
3. Capacitors 1000μ/16V 02
4. Decade Resistance -- 1
5. Multimeter -- 1
6. Bread board and connecting wires -- 1 set
7. Dual Trace CRO 20MHz 1
Circuit Diagram:
Half wave Rectifier with filter:
Fig.3:Circuit diagram of half wave Rectifier
Results
1. Half-Wave Rectifier:
• In a half-wave rectifier circuit, only one half of the input AC
waveform is rectified, resulting in a pulsating DC output.
• During the positive half-cycle of the input AC waveform, the diode
conducts and allows the positive half of the waveform to pass
through, resulting in a positive pulsating DC output.
• During the negative half-cycle, the diode blocks the current flow,
resulting in zero output.
• The output waveform of a half-wave rectifier resembles a series of
positive half-cycles with zero voltage during the negative half-
cycles.
2. Full-Wave Rectifier:
• In a full-wave rectifier circuit, both halves of the input AC
waveform are rectified, resulting in a more continuous DC output.
• Full-wave rectification can be achieved using a center-tapped
transformer with two diodes (center-tapped full-wave rectifier) or
using a bridge rectifier circuit with four diodes (bridge rectifier).
• During both the positive and negative half-cycles of the input AC
waveform, current flows through the diodes, resulting in a
continuous pulsating DC output.
• The output waveform of a full-wave rectifier exhibits positive half-
cycles for both the positive and negative half-cycles of the input
AC waveform.
Interpretation of Results and Observations:
• Limitations:
• Noise and interference in the input AC waveform may affect the
accuracy of the rectification process and the resulting output
waveform.
• Component tolerances and variations may introduce discrepancies
between theoretical expectations and experimental results.
• Measurement inaccuracies in waveform capture and analysis tools
may impact the precision of waveform observations.
• Suggestions for Improvements:
• Use high-quality components with tight tolerances to minimize
variations and ensure consistency in experimental results.
• Implement filtering techniques, such as capacitor smoothing, to
reduce ripple in the output waveform and obtain cleaner DC
output.
• Shield the circuit and measurement setup from external noise
sources to minimize interference and improve waveform accuracy.
• Use advanced waveform analysis tools, such as digital
oscilloscopes, with high sampling rates and accuracy for precise
waveform characterization.
Conclusion:
• A rectifier is a circuit that converts alternating current (AC) into direct current (DC)
• A diode acts as a rectifier by allowing current to flow in only one direction. In a half wave
rectifier,during the positive half-cycle of the AC input voltage, the diode is forward-
biased.Thus it allows the current to flow.In the negative half cycle,it cancels out that
portion.That’s how it rectifies the ac signal into dc signal.In a full wave rectifier negative
and positive both portion can be rectified.
• Peak Inverse Voltage (PIV) is the maximum reverse voltage that a diode or a rectifier
circuit can withstand before entering breakdown region. PIV is a critical parameter
because diodes are often subjected to reverse voltage during the negative half-cycle of
the alternating current (AC) input waveform.If we don’t consider it then there is
possibility of of the diode being damaged.
• Ripple factor means the percentage of ac current in the output.It refers to the ratio of
output ac current and output dc current.
• For a good filter ripple factor should be lower.
• Regulation refers to the ability of a power supply or voltage source to maintain a
relatively constant output voltage despite changes in input voltage or load conditions.
• Time constant means the time a system needs to react to a sudden change .
• If we increase the the value of the capacitor then the percentage of ac current in the
output will decrease.It means that the graph will be much smooth compared to to
before.
• If we increase the the value of the capacitor then the percentage of ac current in the
output will decrease.