The document discusses various infectious diseases including their causes, symptoms, transmission, diagnosis and treatment. It covers tetanus, anthrax, gonorrhea, syphilis, mumps, measles, chickenpox, diphtheria, pertussis, leprosy, polio, rabies, hepatitis, hand foot and mouth disease and COVID-19.
The document discusses various infectious diseases including their causes, symptoms, transmission, diagnosis and treatment. It covers tetanus, anthrax, gonorrhea, syphilis, mumps, measles, chickenpox, diphtheria, pertussis, leprosy, polio, rabies, hepatitis, hand foot and mouth disease and COVID-19.
The document discusses various infectious diseases including their causes, symptoms, transmission, diagnosis and treatment. It covers tetanus, anthrax, gonorrhea, syphilis, mumps, measles, chickenpox, diphtheria, pertussis, leprosy, polio, rabies, hepatitis, hand foot and mouth disease and COVID-19.
The document discusses various infectious diseases including their causes, symptoms, transmission, diagnosis and treatment. It covers tetanus, anthrax, gonorrhea, syphilis, mumps, measles, chickenpox, diphtheria, pertussis, leprosy, polio, rabies, hepatitis, hand foot and mouth disease and COVID-19.
Tetanus is an infection caused by bacteria called Clostridium tetani.
When these bacteria enter the body, they produce a toxin that causes painful muscle contractions. Another name for tetanus is “lockjaw”. It often causes a person's neck and jaw muscles to lock, making it hard to open the mouth or swallow
S/S: Opisthotonos- muscle spasms cause them to ache their backs
Trismus - most common form of generalized tetanus
Lab/DX: Tennis-Racket Appearance ( microscope gen appearance)
Anthrax is a serious infectious disease caused by bacteria that can cause severe illness in both people and animals.
Pulmonary Anthrax (Koch’s Disease) is the most dangerous form of anthrax in
humans. Endospores have high probability of entering bloodstream
Tx and prevention : 3 doses of vaccines if exposed
Lab Dx: Wirtz Conklin Stain
DOC: Doxycycline
Conjunctivitis or “PINK-EYE”: Standard precaution
Gonorrhea is a sexually transmitted disease (STD) caused by infection with the
Neisseria gonorrhoeae bacterium. N. gonorrhoeae infects the mucous membranes of the reproductive tract, including the cervix, uterus, and fallopian tubes in women, and the urethra in women and men.
Lymphogranuloma Venereum lesion in the genitalia, w/ a small and painless lesion
heals rapidly.
Syphilis is an infection caused by bacteria. Most often, it spreads through sexual
contact. The disease starts as a sore that's often painless
Syphilis systemic venereal diseases..
Lab/Dx : VDRL and FTA-ABS
Mumps( Parotitis) is an infection caused by a virus. It can infect many parts of the body, but is best known for causing swelling of the parotid glands. These glands, which make saliva (spit), are in front of the ear, around the jaw.
Mumps virus: Droplet precaution
Measles: Airborne
Chicken pox : Airborne
MMR : Mumps, Measles, Rubella
DPT: Diphtheria, Pertussis , Tetanus
Ritter’s Disease newborns and young children disease; sudden onset of perioral erythema that covers the body within 2 days, followed by bullae and cutaneous blister formation .
Clostridium perfringens : GI tract: Incubation period : 24 hours
Clostridium Botulinum : caused by ingestion of unpasteurized honey and canned food
S/S: Flaccid paralysis - loss of muscle tone in infants ( floppy Baby)
Prevention: Adequate sterilization of canned goods ,
Boiling of food for more than 20 minutes
Leprosy, also known as Hansen's disease, is a chronic infectious
disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae. The disease affects the skin, the peripheral nerves, mucosal surfaces of the upper respiratory tract and the eyes. S/S: Patchy- sensory loss of lepromatous form
LAB/DX: AFB of the wound exudates
Lepromin Test - for tuberculoid type of leprosy
DOC: Dapsone and Rifampicin, Clofazimine
PREV: Bacillus Calmette Guerine (BCG)
Polio, or poliomyelitis, is a disabling and life-threatening disease caused by the
poliovirus. The virus spreads from person to person and can infect a person's spinal cord, causing paralysis (can't move parts of the body). Bulbar Poliomyelitis - infection of poliomyelitis that may affect the respiratory center
Non-paralytic Poliomyelitis- type of poliomyelitis as minor illness manifest with back
Sabin Vaccine- common vaccine/ longer immunity/costless
MOT: Fecal- oral
Rabies is a preventable viral disease most often transmitted through the bite of a rabid animal. The rabies virus infects the central nervous system of mammals, ultimately causing disease in the brain and death.
The WHO rabies exposure categories are:
Category I touching or feeding animals, animal licks on intact skin (no exposure);
Category II nibbling of uncovered skin, minor scratches or abrasions without bleeding
(exposure); Administration of rabies vaccine and RIG is not indicated is recommended
Category III single or multiple transdermal bites or scratches, contamination of mucous
Prophylaxis: pre-exposure/ Vaccine : Human Diploid Cell Vaccine
Hepatitis is a general term used to describe inflammation of the liver. Liver
inflammation can be caused by several viruses (viral hepatitis), chemicals, drugs, alcohol, certain genetic disorders or by an overactive immune system that mistakenly attacks the liver, called autoimmune hepatitis
How did I get hepatitis A?
The virus is primarily spread when an uninfected (and unvaccinated) person ingests food or water that is contaminated with the faeces of an infected person. The disease is closely associated with unsafe water or food, inadequate sanitation, poor personal hygiene and oral-anal sex. Hepatitis B is spread when blood, semen, or other body fluids from a person infected with the virus enters the body of someone who is not infected. This can happen through sexual contact; sharing needles, syringes, or other drug-injection equipment; or during pregnancy or delivery.
Hepatitis G The new virus, tentatively named hepatitis G virus (HGV) and known to be closely related to GB virus C (GBV-C), is transmitted by blood and blood products, intravenous drug use and other behavior associated with a high risk of parenteral exposure to blood.
MOT: sexual intercourse/ blood transfusion/ co- infected w/ HIV
CVA6 infections (Coxsackievirus A6) may be emerging as a new and major cause of epidemic HFMD. Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a common childhood illness characterized by fever and vesicular eruptions on hands and feet and in the mouth. It is caused by members of the family Picornaviridae in the genus Enterovirus.
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2
virus. Most people infected with the virus will experience mild to moderate
S/S: flu like ; fever, dry cough, body malaise, body aches, sore throat and loss of taste and smell
This is to certify that SYEDNAMEERA.N Reg.no __________________ of class XII of P.A INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL has successfully completed her project report in BIOLOGY on the topic “SMALL POX” for the p (1)
This is to Certify That SYEDNAMEERA.N Reg.no __________________ of Class XII of P.a INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL Has Successfully Completed Her Project Report in BIOLOGY on the Topic “SMALL POX” for the p
This is to certify that SYEDNAMEERA.N Reg.no __________________ of class XII of P.A INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL has successfully completed her project report in BIOLOGY on the topic “SMALL POX” for the p (1)
This is to Certify That SYEDNAMEERA.N Reg.no __________________ of Class XII of P.a INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL Has Successfully Completed Her Project Report in BIOLOGY on the Topic “SMALL POX” for the p
