The document discusses the key components and concepts related to geography including the spheres of the Earth, atmosphere, weather, climate, ecosystems, lithosphere, and human sphere. It defines each concept and provides examples and details about their interactions and relationships.
The document discusses the key components and concepts related to geography including the spheres of the Earth, atmosphere, weather, climate, ecosystems, lithosphere, and human sphere. It defines each concept and provides examples and details about their interactions and relationships.
The document discusses the key components and concepts related to geography including the spheres of the Earth, atmosphere, weather, climate, ecosystems, lithosphere, and human sphere. It defines each concept and provides examples and details about their interactions and relationships.
The document discusses the key components and concepts related to geography including the spheres of the Earth, atmosphere, weather, climate, ecosystems, lithosphere, and human sphere. It defines each concept and provides examples and details about their interactions and relationships.
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WIND- the natural movement of air or other gases elative to a planet’s
GEOGRAPHY 2 REVIEWER surface.
SPHERES OF THE EARTH 3. BIOSPHERE- is made up of the parts of earth where life exists; it ATMOSPHERE- a mixture of gases that surrounds the Earth. encompasses all living organisms including plants, animals and microorganisms. LAYERS OF THE ATMOSPHERE ECOLOGY- the study of the interaction of living organisms with each other and with their environment. 1. TROPOSHERE- the lowest part of the atmosphere; the part we live INDIVIDUALS (ORGANISMS)- the basic living things in an in. ecosystem. 2. STRATOSPHERE- this extends upwards from the tropopause to POPULATION- a group organism of the same species living in a about 50 km; it contains much of the ozone in the atmosphere. particular area. -ozone, protects us from skin cancer and other COMMUNITY- made up of population of different species living health damage. together in a certain habitat. ECOSYSTEM- a community of living organisms along with their 3. MESOSPHERE- the region above the stratosphere. natural habitat and the non-living components of their environment. WEATHER AND CLIMATE BIOTIC- all the living organisms found in an ecosystem. ABIOTIC- the non-living elements. WEATHER- a local and temporary condition in the air or the atmosphere. TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEM (LAND-BASED) -Forest ecosystem CLIMATE-associated with place. It includes the daily seasonal, and yearly -Grassland ecosystem variation in the weather. -Desert ecosystem LATITUDE- a coordinate that specifies the north-south position of a point -Tundra Ecosystem on the surface of the earth. AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM (WATER-BASED) -Marine ecosystem LOW LATITUDE- belt between 30-0 degrees north and south of the -Fresh ecosystem equator. 4. HYDROSPHERE- the component of the earth that is composed of all MIDDLE LATITUDE- between the tropic of cancer and arctic circle on the liquid water found on the planet; bodies of water accounts for 75% of the north and tropic of Capricorn and the Antarctic circle on the south. total surface of the earth. TEMPERATURE- refers to the quantity of heat present in particular mass. BODIES OF WATER PRECIPITATION- watercycle process by which water circulates between the earth’s ocean, atmosphere, and land. STRAIT- a landform connecting two seas or two other large areas of water.
HUMIDITY- the amount of water vapor in the air. GULF- a large area of a sea or ocean that is partially enclosed by land.
ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE- refers to the mass weight of a column of air BAY- a body of water partially surrounded by land. above a given point. RIVER- a natural watercourse, typically a large stream of water that flows towards an ocean, sea, lake or river. LAKE-bodies of fresh water surrounded by land. CLIMATE FACTORS FALLS- a part of river that take a step drop. 1. Latitude- distance north or south of the equator. 2. Altitude- height above sea level. RAPIDS- a section of a river where the water moves very fast. 3. Distribution of land and bodies of water- a larger body of water tends to cause a mild or moderate climate. 4. Orographic barriers- cause different climates on opposite sides of 5.LITHOSPHERE- the hard shell of the earth, consisting of the crust and mountain. the topmost part of the upper mantle. 5. Pressure and wind- winds blow most often in different parts of the ALFRED WENGENER earth. 6. Ocean current- rivers of water that moves through the ocean. - A german geophysicist and meteorologist, published “the origin of 7. Storms- a violent distribution of the atmosphere with strong winds continents and oceans” and usually rain, thunder, lightning or snow. LANDMASS- a large area of land such as a continent that is in one piece HUMAN SPHERE AND POPULATION GROWTH and not broken up by oceans. HUMAN SPHERE- comprises of human, it various products and LANDFORMS; environment of both artificial and natural characteristics. - MOUNTAINS POPULATION GROWTH - PLAINS- low level areas. - PLATEAUS- “plains up in the air” - the increase in the number of individuals. - HILLS- can be called miniature mountains. -known as one of the driving forces behind environmental problems, because EARTH PROCESSES -forces within the earth. the growing population demand more and more.
Earthquake – sudden shaking of grounds.
Convergent boundaries- collide Divergent boundaries- move away from each other. Transform boundaries- sliding. Volcanoes- opening in the earth’s crust. TYPES OF ROCKS Igneous rock- forms by hot magma. Sedimentary rock- formed when sediment is compressed in layered and hardened. Metamorphic rock- formed by the high temperature and pressure inside the earth. WEATHERING- breakdown of rocks EROSION- transport of rocks.
