Linux Command Cheat Sheet

Linux Command Cheat Sheet
By : Mary Brent Updated March 16, 2024
In this Linux/Unix command line cheat sheet, you will learn:
Basic Linux commands

File Permission commands
Environment Variables command
User management commands of linux
Networking command
Process command
VI Editing Commands
Basic Linux commands

Command Description
Lists all files and directories in the present working

ls
directory
ls -R Lists files in sub-directories as well
ls -a Lists hidden files as well
Lists files and directories with detailed information like

ls -al
permissions,size, owner, etc.
cd or cd ~ Navigate to HOME directory
cd .. Move one level up
cd To change to a particular directory
cd / Move to the root directory

Command Description
cat > filename Creates a new file
cat filename Displays the file content
cat file1 file2 > Joins two files (file1, file2) and stores the output in a
file3 new file (file3)
mv file "new file

Moves the files to the new location
path"
mv filename
Renames the file to a new filename
new_file_name
Allows regular users to run programs with the security

sudo
privileges of the superuser or root
rm filename Deletes a file
man Gives help information on a command
Gives a list of all past commands typed in the current

history
terminal session
clear Clears the terminal
Creates a new directory in the present working

mkdir directoryname
directory or a at the specified path
rmdir Deletes a directory
mv Renames a directory
pr -x Divides the file into x columns
pr -h Assigns a header to the file
pr -n Denotes the file with Line Numbers

Command Description
lp -nc , lpr c Prints “c” copies of the File
lp-d lp-P Specifies name of the printer
apt-get Command used to install and update packages
mail -s 'subject'
-c 'cc-address'
Command to send email
-b 'bcc-address'
'to-address'
mail -s "Subject"
to-address < Command to send email with attachment
Filename
File Permission commands

Command Description
ls -l to show file type and access permission
r read permission
w write permission
x execute permission
-= no permission
Chown user For changing the ownership of a file/directory
Chown user:group change the user as well as group for a file or

filename directory
Environment Variables command

Command Description
echo $VARIABLE To display value of a variable
env Displays all environment variables
VARIABLE_NAME= variable_value Create a new variable
Unset Remove a variable
export Variable=value To set value of an environment variable
User management commands of linux

Command Description
sudo adduser username To add a new user
sudo passwd -l 'username' To change the password of a user
sudo userdel -r 'username' To remove a newly created user
sudo usermod -a -G GROUPNAME

To add a user to a group
USERNAME
sudo deluser USER GROUPNAME To remove a user from a group
Shows information of all the users

finger
logged in
finger username Gives information of a particular user
Networking command
Command Description
SSH username@ip-address or
login into a remote Linux machine using SSH
hostname
Command Description
To ping and Analyzing network and host

Ping hostname="" or =""
connections
Display files in the current directory of a

dir
remote computer
change directory to “dirname” on a remote

cd "dirname"
computer
put file upload ‘file’ from local to remote computer
Download ‘file’ from remote to local

get file
computer
quit Logout
Process command
Command Description
bg To send a process to the background
fg To run a stopped process in the foreground
top Details on all Active Processes
ps Give the status of processes running for a user
ps PID Gives the status of a particular process
pidof Gives the Process ID (PID) of a process
kill PID Kills a process
nice Starts a process with a given priority
renice Changes priority of an already running process

Command Description
df Gives free hard disk space on your system
free Gives free RAM on your system
VI Editing Commands
Command Description
i Insert at cursor (goes into insert mode)
a Write after cursor (goes into insert mode)
A Write at the end of line (goes into insert mode)
ESC Terminate insert mode
u Undo last change
U Undo all changes to the entire line
o Open a new line (goes into insert mode)
dd Delete line
3dd Delete 3 lines
D Delete contents of line after the cursor
Delete contents of a line after the cursor and insert new text. Press
C
ESC key to end insertion.
dw Delete word
4dw Delete 4 words
cw Change word
x Delete character at the cursor

Command Description
r Replace character
R Overwrite characters from cursor onward
s Substitute one character under cursor continue to insert
Substitute entire line and begin to insert at the beginning of the

S
line
~ Change case of individual character
Hope this Linux reference guide helps you!
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Linux Command Cheat Sheet

By : Mary Brent Updated March 16, 2024

In this Linux/Unix command line cheat sheet, you will learn:

Basic Linux commands

Basic Linux commands

Lists all files and directories in the present working

ls -R Lists files in sub-directories as well

ls -a Lists hidden files as well

Lists files and directories with detailed information like

cd or cd ~ Navigate to HOME directory

cd .. Move one level up

cd To change to a particular directory

cd / Move to the root directory

cat > filename Creates a new file

cat filename Displays the file content

mv file "new file

Allows regular users to run programs with the security

rm filename Deletes a file

man Gives help information on a command

Gives a list of all past commands typed in the current

clear Clears the terminal

Creates a new directory in the present working

rmdir Deletes a directory

pr -x Divides the file into x columns

pr -h Assigns a header to the file

pr -n Denotes the file with Line Numbers

lp -nc , lpr c Prints “c” copies of the File

lp-d lp-P Specifies name of the printer

apt-get Command used to install and update packages

File Permission commands

ls -l to show file type and access permission

Chown user For changing the ownership of a file/directory

Chown user:group change the user as well as group for a file or

Environment Variables command

echo $VARIABLE To display value of a variable

env Displays all environment variables

VARIABLE_NAME= variable_value Create a new variable

Unset Remove a variable

export Variable=value To set value of an environment variable

User management commands of linux

sudo adduser username To add a new user

sudo passwd -l 'username' To change the password of a user

sudo userdel -r 'username' To remove a newly created user

sudo usermod -a -G GROUPNAME

sudo deluser USER GROUPNAME To remove a user from a group

Shows information of all the users

finger username Gives information of a particular user

To ping and Analyzing network and host

Display files in the current directory of a

change directory to “dirname” on a remote

put file upload ‘file’ from local to remote computer

Download ‘file’ from remote to local

bg To send a process to the background

fg To run a stopped process in the foreground

top Details on all Active Processes

ps Give the status of processes running for a user

ps PID Gives the status of a particular process

pidof Gives the Process ID (PID) of a process

kill PID Kills a process

nice Starts a process with a given priority