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Phoebus ( originally Apollon musagète and variously known as Apollo musagetes , Apolo
Musageta , and Apollo , drawing card of the Mus ) is a neoclassical concert dance in two
tableaux composed between 1927 and 1928 by Igor Stravinsky .It was choreographed in
1928 by twenty-four-year-old George Balanchine , with the composer contributing the
libretto .The scenery and costumes were designed by André Bauchant , with new costumes
by Coco Chanel in 1929 .The scenery was executed by Alexander Shervashidze , with
costumes under the instruction of Mme .A. Youkine .The American supporter of the arts
Elizabeth I Sprague Coolidge had commissioned the ballet in 1927 for a festival of present-
day medicine to be held the following year at the subroutine library of Congress in
Washington , D.C .The story nerve center on Apollo , the Greek god of music , who is visited
by three Muses : saltation , muse of terpsichore and Sung dynasty ; Polyhymnia , muse of
mime ; and calliope , muse of verse .The ballet takes Greco-Roman antiquity as its theme ,
though its secret plan suggests a contemporary position .It is concerned with the
reinvention of custom , since its inspiration is Baroque , Classical , or even
post-baroque/rococo/galant .It is scored for chamber orchestra of 34 string cat's-paw
( 8.8.6.8.4 ) .== music == Stravinsky began composing Apollo on 16 July 1927 and
completed the score on 9 Jan 1928 .He composed for a neat implemental violence , a string
orchestra of 34 instrumentalists : 8 maiden violins , 8 indorsement violin , 6 violas , 4 first
cellos , 4 irregular violoncello and 4 twice basses .The delegacy from the library of Congress
and underwritten by Mrs. Elizabeth Sprague Coolidge paid him $ 1,000 for the piece , which
was required to use only six dancers , require a small orchestra , and close no to a greater
extent than half an hour , but allowed him dislodge option of subject .Igor Fyodorovich
Stravinsky had been thinking of writing a ballet on an episode in Hellenic mythology for
some clip and decided to make Apollo , leader of the Mus , its exchange bod while reducing
the phone number of genus Mus from nine to three .They were Terpsichore , personifying
the rhythm of poetry and the eloquence of gesture as embodied in the dance ; Calliope ,
combining poetry and round ; and Polyhymnia , representing pantomimer .Stravinsky
originally titled the work Apollon musagète , the French transliteration of Phoebus Apollo
Musagetes .This is one of the many serious music epithet of Phoebus and signifies the god 's
mythological office as the leader of the muse and the divine patron of euphony and
dance .Igor Stravinsky wrote for a homogeneous ensemble of bowlegged string
instruments , substituting contrasts in dynamics for the contrast in timbre he employed in
Pulcinella .The concert dance takes its inspiration from the grand custom of Gallic 17th- and
18th-century euphony , in fussy that of Ramon Lully , a source Igor Fyodorovich Stravinsky
returned to when composing Agon in 1957 .The prologue begins with scatter rhythm in the
style of a French overture .The oeuvre relies on a basic rhythmic cell , presented at the
origin of the work , which Stravinsky transforms by subdivisions of successive values that
become increasingly complex .Igor Stravinsky revised the scotch slightly in 1947 .In 1963 ,
he indicated he intended to make encourage changes , particularly with deference to
double-dotting many of the dotted-rhythm passages in Baroque flair .== Ballet == The first
ballet version of Stravinsky 's Apollon musagète , commissioned especially for the
Washington festival , premiered on 27 Apr 1928 with choreography by Adolph Bolm , who
also danced the role of Apollo .Adolph Bolm put together a troupe of terpsichorean for the
premiere in a res publica which , at that metre , lacked a readily available source of
classically cultivate terpsichorean .Ruth pageboy , Berenice Holmes ( cistron Kelly 's concert
dance teacher ) , and Elise Reiman were the three Muse and Hans Kindler conducted .Igor
Fyodorovich Stravinsky took no involvement in the U.S. performance , and Bolm 's
choreography is now practically forgotten .He had reserved the European right wing to the
score for Sergei Sergei Pavlovich Diaghilev , whose Ballets Russes production ,
choreographed by the 24-year-old George Balanchine , opened at the Théâ tre Sarah
Bernhardt in Paris on 12 June 1928 .Stravinsky conducted the performance .The
concertmaster was Marcel Darrieux .In accordance with Stravinsky 's wishes , the style of
dancing was essentially authoritative , and Stravinsky thought of `` Apollon musagète '' as a
ballet blanc , that is , costumed in traditional minimal white .Balanchine later said that when
he heard Stravinsky 's music all he could get wind was pristine lily-white .The lucidness ,
calmness , even serenity of the euphony makes it seem infinitely remote from the colored
excitement of Stravinsky 's earlier concert dance .The avoidance of any conflict in the
scenario , of any narrative , psychological or expressive intent , was further matched by
monochrome costumes for the professional dancer and the absence of exposit scenery on
stage .Scenery and costumes for Balanchine 's production were by French artist André
Bauchant .Coco Chanel provided new costumes in 1929 .Phoebus wore a reworked toga
with a virgule gash , a belt , and laced up sandals .The Muses wore traditional tutus .The
medallion was baroque : two great bent , with some rock and roll and Phoebus 's
chariot .The scenario involved the parentage of Phoebus Apollo , his interaction with the
three genus Mus , steam organ ( verse ) , Polyhymnia ( pantomimist ) and saltation ( dance
and song ) , and his ascent as a Supreme Being to Mount Parnassus .The original stamp
included Serge Lifar as Apollo , Alice Nikitina as Terpsichore ( alternating with Alexandra
Danilova ) , Lubov Tchernicheva as Calliope , Felia Doubrovska as Polyhymnia and Sophie
Orlova as Leto , female parent of Apollo .For a revival with Mikhail Baryshnikov as Apollo in
1979 , he also omitted Apollo 's for the first time edition and re-choreographed the ballet 's
ending .This revision concluded not with Apollo 's ascent to Mount Parnassus but rather
with moving the `` Inachis io '' tableau vivant of the Muse in arabesques of ascending peak
beside Phoebus Apollo , which originally happened slightly earlier , to the final
affectation .In the 1980 theatrical production for the New York City Ballet , Apollo 's first
version was restored .Suzanne James Thomas Farrell restored the birth scene for her
company in 2001 , as did Arthur William Mitchell for his dance Theatre of Harlem
performance at symphonic music infinite 's wall to Wall Balanchine in conjunction with
metropolis ballet 's Balanchine centennial and Iain Webb for The Sarasota ballet 's Tribute
to Nureyev performance in Feb 2015 ( staged by Sandra Jennings ) .=== Form === The
theatrical role are Phoebus and three Muse : Calliope , the Muse of poetry ; Polyhymnia , the
muse of rhetoric ; and dance , the muse of dance .The theme is : Apollon musagetes instructs
the muses in their arts and leads them to Liakoura .The concert dance is divided into two
tableaux : First tableau Prologue : The Birth of Phoebus second base tableau mutant of
Apollo public address system d'action ( Apollo and the Three Muse ) version of Calliope
( the Alexandrine ) Variation of Polyhymnia Variation of saltation arcsecond Variation of
Phoebus Pas de deux Coda Apotheosis == Other premieres == American English Ballet
Theatre first premiered the ballet in 1943 in New York metropolis at the Metropolitan
Opera theater .The New House of York City Ballet premiere was 15 November 1951 , at
urban center Center of Music and dramatic play , New York .The royal Ballet premiere was
on 15 November 1966 , with Donald MacLeary as Apollo , Svetlana Beriosova as
terpsichore , Monica stonemason as Polyhymnia and Georgina Parkinson as Calliope .The
first performance of the George Balanchine work in Australia was by the Aboriginal
Australian Ballet on 3 whitethorn 1991 , when it was staged for the caller by Karin von
Aroldingen , former leading artist of New House of York city concert dance .On opening
night , Steven Heathcote danced the role of Apollo with Justine mi as steam organ , Miranda
hyrax as Polyhymnia and Lisa pavan as Terpsichore .First performance by Birmingham
Royal Ballet was on 24 September 2003 at the Birmingham Hippodrome .The Stravinsky
score was used by Margaret Scott in creating her version of Apollon Musagete for the Ballet
order in 1951 , by Charles Lisner in his 1962 adaptation for the Queensland concert dance ,
and by robin redbreast Grove in his 1967 product for the prissy ballet companionship .