Lec 1
Lec 1
Lec 1
1G - First Generation
•1983: Introduction of 1G cellular systems.
•Data Speeds: ~2.4 Kbps
•Pioneer Device: Motorola DynaTAC 8000X (1983)
2G - Second Generation
•1991: Emergence of 2G technology.
•1992: Introduction of GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications).
•Data Speeds: ~9.6 Kbps
3G - Third Generation
•2001: Leap to 3G technology.
•Standards: UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System) and
CDMA2000.
•Data Speeds: ~384 Kbps - 2 Mbps
4G - Fourth Generation
•2009: Advancements to 4G networks.
•Introduction of LTE (Long-Term Evolution).
•Data Speeds: Up to 100 Mbps
5G - Fifth Generation
•2019: Entry into the 5G era.
•Unprecedented Data Speeds: Up to 10 Gbps
•Features: Ultra-low latency, massive device connectivity.
Beyond 5G and 6G
•Ongoing Research and Possibilities.
•Concepts: Terahertz frequencies, AI integration, higher data rates.
Applications of Wireless Communication
Reflection: Reflection occurs when incident electromagnetic waves are partially reflected
when they impinge on obstructions of different electrical properties. A propagating
electromagnetic wave impinges on objects the sizes of which are large compared to its
wavelength, such as the surface of the earth, buildings, walls, etc.
• Wireless Communication by TL Singal Tata McGraw Hill Education, Ist edition 2010,
ISBN: 978-0-07-068178-1.
• Wireless Communication Principle and Practice by TS Rappaport, Pearson, first
edition 2002.