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reviews strategies for the use of anticoagulation and highlights the nurse’s
role in patient education.
A Pharmacologic Update: New Treatments for Patients with Cardiovascular Disease 389
Elizabeth Radchik, Leslie L. Davis, and Ciantel A. Blyler
Pharmacologic agents are a key part of the medical armamentarium aimed
at reducing the significant morbidity and mortality caused by cardiovascu-
lar disease (CVD). In recent years, the landscape of CVD treatment has
evolved with the development of new medication classes and the repur-
posing of existing medications for new indications. This article provides
nurses with a pharmacologic update on new and emerging therapies for
the treatment of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, familial hypercholesterole-
mia, and heart failure. The authors review clinical indications, pharmacol-
ogy, practical considerations for the safe and appropriate use of these
medications, and implications for nurses.
Mechanical Circulatory Support Therapy in the Cardiac Intensive Care Unit 421
Sarah E. Schroeder
Mechanical circulatory support (MCS) includes temporary and durable
mechanical devices used for two sets of indications: 1. acute heart failure
(HF) secondary sepsis, a myocardial infarction, or pulmonary emboli, and
2. for chronic end-stage HF secondary to worsening cardiomyopathy de-
spite guideline driven medical treatment. This article is to aide cardiac in-
tensive care unit (ICU) nurses in understanding the history of MCS therapy,
the care of the MCS patient in the cardiac ICU, the critical and collabora-
tive role of transplant teams with MCS therapy, educational needs for a
successful discharge, and implications for education and shared deci-
sion-making when placing these devices.
Special Populations
Cardiovascular Disease in Women: An Update for Nurses 439
John R. Blakeman and Ann L. Eckhardt
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in women but is
often underrecognized and undertreated. Women are more likely to experi-
ence delay in treatment and worse outcomes, even though they experience
similar symptoms as men. Women are more likely to experience ischemia
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Caring for Sexual and Gender Minority Adults with Cardiovascular Disease 461
Danny Doan, Yashika Sharma, David López Veneros, and Billy A. Caceres
This article summarizes existing evidence on cardiovascular disease (CVD)
risk and CVD diagnoses among sexual and gender minority adults and
provides recommendations for providing nursing care to sexual and gen-
der minority adults with CVD. More research is needed to develop evi-
dence-based strategies to care for sexual and gender minority adults
with CVD.