Name: Fortuno, Rianah Mikaella P.

Section: D51B

Submission Date: March 16, 2024 Prof: Andy G. Gutierrez, Ph.D.

Don’t Panic: The Truth about Population= Documentary Guide

Task 1: World Population Growth

Plot the population milestones on the graph below and fill in the chart

Task 2: Fertility Rates (Start the Don't Panic documentary at approximately 5.30 min. if
you need to watch it again)

1. 1980: Average fertility rate (number of children born per woman) ____6________.
GDP/Capita ______227.8________. 2012: Average fertility rate _____2.5_______.
GDP/Capita_______883.1_________.

2. Describe the pattern in the fertility rate between1970 and 2012. Has this pattern been linked
to a rapid increase in wealth (GDP/Capita) during this time?
- Bangladesh's fertility rate has been declining, and the average number of children born to
each woman has been dropping over time due to women like Taslima and husbands like Mr.
Khan. This pattern is related to GDP/capita or wealth because having children is largely
determined by economic factors. Bangladesh, a country with less than two children, has a GDP
that is higher than that of nations with more than three children.

3. What reasons did Mr. Khan give for wanting to have just two children?
- Mr. Khan wants to have just two kids so that he can provide for their needs and wants because
he wouldn't be able to afford more if he had more. He wants his kids to have unreserved access
to the material goods they require.

Task 3: Wealth and Fertility Rates

1. Sketch the 1963 chart here. Draw a line between the divide that was visible between the
More Developed Countries (MDCs) and Less Developed Countries (LDCs) and circle the MDC
and LDC clusters that existed during that time.

2. How do the patterns in 2012 compare to those in 1963?

- The fertility rate in 1963 was 54.022, which is still low compared to the years that have passed
since then. Nonetheless, the fertility rate is 71.171 in 2012. It clearly demonstrates that the
global fertility rate has been rising quickly as we age. The elements contributing to an increase
in life expectancy and an extension of longevity continue to be improved health, a higher
standard of living, and enhanced economic development. Furthermore, life expectancy at birth
represents the population's overall mortality rate and encapsulates the pattern of mortality that
is common to all age groups, including adults, children and adolescents, and the elderly.

3. Can you name one region of the world that still lags behind the rest of the world in terms of
fertility rates and life expectancy?
- Sub-Saharan Africa continues to lag behind the rest of the globe in terms of life expectancy
and fertility rates. The majority of nations in the globe are currently nearing the end of their
demographic transitions, with fertility at or below replacement, following decades of rapidly
changing populations. The only region in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) where fertility and
population growth are still strong is an exception to this generalization. According to UN
forecasts, sub-Saharan Africa will have a total fertility rate (TFR) of 4.7 births per woman
between 2015 and 2020, which is more than double the rate of any other region in the world.
The continent's population is predicted to increase from 1 billion in 2015 to over 2 billion in 2050
and about 4 billion in 2100 as a result (United Nations, 2019). Numerous negative
repercussions on both human welfare and the environment are expected to result from this
enormous increase in the human population. There are several reasons why both men and
women want and decide to have large families, according to recent DHS data. There are
commonalities among the various aspects that influence women's decisions, even though they
differ from society to society. Extremely personal decisions about reproduction, and
consequently general fertility levels and trends, are greatly influenced by culture, religious
beliefs, gender relations, and low child survival rates. Not everything is about supply-side
variables.

Task 4: Education and Fertility (Re-watch the sequence on school education and the Khan
family chat about marriage and future job prospects, approx. 15 mins.):

1. How are female education and falling fertility rates related?

- More education is arguably the biggest shift facing girls and young women in today's globe.
Though it is difficult to assess, there is a significant negative link across time and geography
between women's education and fertility. The health of women, their physical ability to bear
children, the number of children they wish to have, their ability to regulate their pregnancies, and
their awareness of various birth control options are all factors that could impact fertility, and
these factors could be influenced by the education level of women. Every one of these
mechanisms is dependent on the experiences of the individual, the institution, and the nation.
Their relative significance may fluctuate as a nation's economy develops. Through a variety of
processes, women's education may have differing effects on fertility. Fertility can be defined as
a couple's maximum potential number of children (supply) less the number of children they
choose not to have (fertility control). It can also be seen as the total of the intended and
unanticipated number of children. The number of children a couple can have, the number of
children they desire, and their ability to regulate birth through the availability of contemporary
contraceptives and their understanding of how to use them are all impacted by improvements in
women's education. The exact number of children a woman has varies depending on her
natural fertility level and the number she desires. Compared to less educated women, better
educated women have fewer children. The reasons behind this are less evident, though, as
education has advantages that go beyond the time it saves women. Because educated women
tend to earn more and may be able to nurture their children more successfully, education can
lower fertility. Additionally, education enhances the health of mothers and children, enhancing a
woman's physical ability to give birth and decreasing the need for more children (both financially
and socially).
2. How have female aspirations changed in the video? Give two examples.
- In the past, female goals were primarily centered on marriage and starting a family because
they were less educated and had more family-oriented goals. First, their goals have shifted to
becoming more self-reliant and focused on careers like becoming doctors or engineers, among
others. The second is that kids are probably more intent on pursuing their own goals than those
of their parents. They have higher aspirations for their lives and their future, wanting to further
their education, graduate, and get married.

Task 5: Child Mortality Re-watch the sequence where Hanan is helping his parents to tend the
family graveyard (starts at about 20 minutes):
1. How many of Hanan's siblings died?
- Three of hanans sibling died because of measles when they were very young.
2. Do the parents think that this could have been prevented?
- If doctors had been present, they could have been treated and one of them may have lived.
3. What were the percentage mortality rates for children back when Hanan's parents were
young?
- When Hanan's parents were young, one out of every five children in Bangladesh died before
reaching the age of five.
4. Explain why, therefore, did they have many children?
- Even though they didn't think they had too many children or knew what lay ahead, all families
lived in constant fear of losing one or more of their offspring. "You wouldn't lose any more
children if you continued to have children after one died.
5. What is the situation now in Bangladesh and why has child mortality decreased so
dramatically?
- Bangladesh has made tremendous strides in fundamental health over the past few decades,
especially in terms of child survival. Millions of children have been saved by vaccinations,
infection treatments, better nutrition, and hygienic practices. The largest obstacle to family
planning has also disappeared as parents come to terms with the fact that not all of their
children will survive.
Task 6: Education (starts at approximately 42-43 min.)

1. What percentage of the world9s population is literate?

Today, 80 percent of the world's population can read and write.

Task 7: Wealth Distribution

1. Watch the sequence on wealth distribution on the documentary. Add the daily wage for the
low, middle, and high points of wealth on the bar line.
The bar graph depicts the 7 billion people in the world's wealthiest to worst order. The highest
point of wealth is $100 per day, while the middle and lowest earn $10 and $1, respectively. A
wall separates positions 1 and 2, indicating those that fall into extreme poverty.

2. Explain how the income per day is linked to investments in transportation?

- The richest billion make $100 a day, the middle billion make $10, and the lowest billion make
$1. Olivia and Andre are among the world's poorest billionaires; they make $1 per day and find
it difficult to purchase shoes. After they do, they save up for a bicycle. For Andre and Olivia, a
bicycle can significantly improve their quality of life by allowing them to save hours each day
and accomplish far more at work. With a bicycle, they can go to the market with much bigger
loads, make more money, and get to a hospital quickly if they become ill. Andre and Oliva have
been putting money for 2 years to buy a bicycle and they earned money depends on the
sesame seeds which they are harvesting.

3. What is the relationship between wealth and life expectancy?

- Economists have now discovered a mechanism to account for the fact that people don't
always stay wealthy or poor, as was previously believed in study. This allows for a more
accurate calculation of life expectancy for persons from various socioeconomic backgrounds.
Their findings demonstrate that there isn't actually a significant difference in longevity between
rich and poor people.

4. What issues does look at poverty from a developed or rich point of view pose to those at the
bottom end of the scale?
- The question is whether inequality in developing economies—where it is more prevalent—
poses a significant barrier to increasing growth and decreasing poverty. In both situations,
income redistribution may lead to increased equality, quicker growth, and, in the case of
developing economies, quicker alleviation of poverty. There is undoubtedly a compelling
rationale for allocating resources from the top of the income scale to the bottom in nations
where development is good but helps the poor considerably less than the non-poor. Inequality
can be decreased while also promoting future growth and the alleviation of poverty if wealthy
people pay for improved education for impoverished children. In nations with high levels of
inequality, where social unrest and political unrest, as well as the emergence of populist
regimes, may eventually be detrimental to economic progress, redistributive measures may also
serve to reduce the wealth gap.

5. Study the tweet from Hans Rosling

a. Which areas of the world were represented by the large 'camel hump' in 1973?

The global narrative on progress was created in 1973 by the two hump: the affluent hump (the
North) and the impoverished hump (the South). The South is mostly accounted for by Asia. By
the year 2010, the earth has only one hump. A large portion of Asia, including China, has
improved its economic standing. That is the point that Hans Rosling so eloquently expressed.
What more, though, does the shift imply? First, inequality: The divisions between socioeconomic
groupings both within and between nations matter more for comprehending global disparities
than the nation state. The localization of politics is the second: The focus of social and political
development has changed to domestic arenas due to an increasingly outspoken, literate, and
organized civil society as well as the growth of local middle classes. Topics such as welfare
systems, taxation, and governance should now be the main focus of national discourse. Global
issues such as road traffic, pollution, obesity, and mental health require national attention, while
collective issues like tax evasion and climate change require global solutions to be effective.
These challenges are becoming more commonplace throughout the rest of the world.

Task 8: Population and Environmental Implications

To look closely at the validity of claims and blames made by some countries in relation to
climate change and greenhouse emissions, re-watch the sequence of graphics in the last 10
minutes of the documentary: Fossil fuel use and wealth.
1. Explain the relationship between wealth, fossil fuel use and taking the lead on environmental
sustainability. Use statistics as evidence in your response. (use the video to get the information)

Living a good life entails consuming more energy and acquiring more equipment, which could
endanger future generations and cause catastrophic climate change. According to the image,
80% of the energy used worldwide still comes from burning fossil fuels, and scientific research
indicates that the continued use of fossil fuels could have a significant impact on global climate
change. According to the graph, the three richest people, from lowest to richest, used fossil
fuels at a rate of more than 85%. In the upcoming decades, you might become richer than you
realize, even if you are impoverished.