Gktoday 1-30 June 2023

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Current Affairs Articles Compilation [PDF] - June, 2023
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Current Affairs Articles Compilation [PDF] - June, 2023
Contents
......................... ........ ....... _ .. .. . ........................................................
News Headlines ..................................................................................................................................................... 3
June 1, 2023 .................................................................................................................................................... 3
June 2, 2023 ................................................................................................................................................... 3
June 3, 2023 ................................................................................................................................................... 4
June 4, 2023 ................................................................................................................................................... 5
June 5, 2023 ................................................................................................................................................... 6
June 6, 2023 .................................................................................................................................................. 6
June 7, 2023 .................................................................................................................................................. 7
June 8, 2023 .................................................................................................................................................. 8
June 9, 2023 .................................................................................................................................................. 9
June 10, 2023 ................................................................................................................................................. 9
June 11, 2023 ................................................................................................................................................ 10
June 12, 2023 ................................................................................................................................................ 11
June 13, 2023 ................................................................................................................................................ 12
June 14, 2023 ............................................................................................................................................... 12
June 15, 2023 ................................................................................................................................................ 13
June 16, 2023 ............................................................................................................................................... 14
June 17, 2023 ............................................................................................................................................... 15
June 18, 2023 ............................................................................................................................................... 15
June 19, 2023 ............................................................................................................................................... 16
June 20, 2023 .............................................................................................................................................. 16
June 21, 2023 ............................................................................................................................................... 17
June 22, 2023 ............................................................................................................................................... 18
June 23, 2023 ............................................................................................................................................... 19
June 24, 2023 .............................................................................................................................................. 19
June 25, 2023 .............................................................................................................................................. 20
June 26, 2023 ............................................................................................................................................... 21
June 27, 2023 .............................................................................................................................................. 22
June 28, 2023 .............................................................................................................................................. 22
June 29, 2023 .............................................................................................................................................. 23
June 30, 2023 .............................................................................................................................................. 24
June 1, 2023 ......................................................................................................................................................... 24
City Investments to Innovate, Integrate and Sustain (CITIIS) 2.0 ................................................... 25
Global Alliance for Drowning Prevention ............................................................................................. 25
“World’s Largest Grain Storage Plan in the Cooperative Sector” ................................................... 26
Draft Resolution on the Impact of Chemicals, Waste and Pollution on Human Health ............. 27
Draft Aircraft Bill, 2023 ............................................................................................................................ 28
11th Edition of the World of Work Report ............................................................................................ 29
2023 Multilateral Naval Exercise Komodo ........................................................................................... 30
UAE Withdraws from Combined Maritime Forces .............................................................................. 31
Centralised Laboratory Network (CLN) ................................................................................................ 31
Trans-Exclusionary Radical Feminist ...................................................................................................... 32
Brazil’s Bill 490 ........................................................................................................................................... 33
Ahmednagar District to be Named After Ahilyabai Holkar .............................................................. 34
Pfizer Inc's RSV Vaccine ............................................................................................................................ 34
© 2023 GKToday | All Rights Reserved | https://www.gktoday.in | For printed books & notes visit GKTBOOKS.COM 2
India-EU Global Gateway Conference ................................................................................................... 35
Canada’s Category-based Selection for Express Entry ....................................................................... 36
Currency Demand Paradox ...................................................................................................................... 37
Abnormality of Astrocytes and Alzheimer's Disease .......................................................................... 38
June 2, 2023 ........................................................................................................................................................ 39
Treating Formation Water ........................................................................................................................ 39
National Mission for Mentoring .............................................................................................................. 39
Swachh Jal Se Suraksha Campaign Report .......................................................................................... 40
Unified Registration Portal for GOBARdhan ......................................................................................... 41
Phukot Karnali Hydro Electric Project ................................................................................................... 42
Additional Disclosure Norms for “High-Risk” FPIs ............................................................................ 43
NICE Endorses Rimegepant ..................................................................................................................... 44
Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) ....................................................................................................... 45
June 3, 2023 ........................................................................................................................................................ 45
Law Commission’s Report on Sedition Law ......................................................................................... 45
PM SVANidhi Mobile App ....................................................................................................................... 46
Desiccation-Tolerant Vascular Plant Species ........................................................................................ 47
Reconstructing the Face of King Tutankhamun ................................................................................. 48
Ambulator Discovered in Australia ........................................................................................................ 49
Training Launch of Agni-1 Ballistic Missile ........................................................................................... 50
Helmand River Dispute .............................................................................................................................. 51
Salt Cavern-based Oil Storage Facility ................................................................................................... 52
GPS Aided GEO Augmented Navigation .............................................................................................. 53
UGC (Institutions Deemed to be Universities) Regulations, 2023 .................................................. 54
PRS Legislative Research’s Analysis of State Assembly Sessions ...................................................... 55
Zambia’s Kafue National Park (KNP) .................................................................................................... 56
Zambia’s Obstetric Fistula Strategic Plan .............................................................................................. 57
June 5, 2023 ........................................................................................................................................................ 58
What is Galleri Test? .................................................................................................................................. 58
20th Anniversary of Mars Express .......................................................................................................... 59
What is CL-20? ........................................................................................................................................... 60
Draft Master Directions on Cyber Resilience and Digital Payment Security Controls for PSOs
................................................................................................................................................................. 60
Black-veined White Butterfly .................................................................................................................... 61
Bihar Prohibition and Excise Act, 2016 ................................................................................................. 62
Karnataka High Court's Verdict on Necrophilia .................................................................................. 62
What are Khaps? ......................................................................................................................................... 63
Derailment in Indian Railways ................................................................................................................. 64
What is Electronic Interlocking? .............................................................................................................. 65
SEBI-SAT Stalemate Over Provision 23(E) of SCRA ......................................................................... 66
Countervailing Duty on Stainless Steel Imports .................................................................................. 66
Pharmaceutical Inspection Convention and Pharmaceutical Inspection Co-operation Scheme
(PIC/S) ................................................................................................................................................. 67
Refining the Clinical Establishments (Registration and Regulation) Act ........................................ 68
Enhanced Surveillance Measure (ESM) for Micro-Small Companies ............................................ 69
Lavender Festival ........................................................................................................................................ 70
Amchang Wildlife Sanctuary ..................................................................................................................... 71
June 6, 2023 ........................................................................................................................................................ 72
Supreme Court Order on Manglik ......................................................................................................... 72
Adverse Possession ..................................................................................................................................... 73
June 7, 2023 ........................................................................................................................................................ 74
Ban on King James Version of the Bible ............................................................................................... 74
Tracking SDG7: The Energy Progress Report 2023 ......................................................................... 74
Kakhovka Dam ........................................................................................................................................... 75
$95 Million Undersea Cable Connection Project in Micronesia ...................................................... 76
Varunastra Torpedo ................................................................................................................................... 77
International Conference on Spacecraft Mission Operations (SMOPS-2023) ............................. 78
UP's Family ID Portal ................................................................................................................................ 79
Nand Baba Milk Mission Scheme ........................................................................................................... 80
Nasscom’s Guidelines for Responsible AI Use ..................................................................................... 80
Prerna: The Vernacular School ................................................................................................................ 81
Genetically Engineered Cotton Hybrids ................................................................................................. 82
Study on Ice-Free Conditions of Arctic Ocean .................................................................................... 82
The Grand Order of the Chain of Yellow Star .................................................................................... 83
India’s First International Cruise Vessel ................................................................................................. 84
Antardrishti Dashboard ............................................................................................................................. 85
National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF) Rankings 2023 ............................................... 86
NHAI’s First ‘Sustainability Report’ ........................................................................................................ 87
Mizoram Government’s High-Level Committee on Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) ......... 88
Sustainable Green Airports Mission ....................................................................................................... 89
June 8, 2023 ........................................................................................................................................................ 90
5th State Food Safety Index ..................................................................................................................... 90
Mission on Advanced and High-Impact Research (MAHIR) ............................................................ 91
Amrit Generation Campaign: Naye Bharat Ke Sapne ........................................................................ 92
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) Act .................................................. 92
Spinoza Prize ............................................................................................................................................... 93
Virgin Birth in Crocodiles ......................................................................................................................... 94
Fraser Island Regains its Original Name ................................................................................................ 95
Françoise Gilot ............................................................................................................................................ 96
What is Silent Barker? ............................................................................................................................... 96
Homo naledi Burials and Carvings ......................................................................................................... 97
Andhra Pradesh’s Guaranteed Pension Scheme (GPS) ..................................................................... 98
Harnessing Geraniol for Eggplant Crop Protection ............................................................................ 99
Air Defender 23 ........................................................................................................................................ 100
HUDA City Centre-Cyber City Metro Project ................................................................................... 100
Devankanam Charuharitham (Beautiful Green Abodes of God) ................................................... 101
Exploration of Coal and Lignite Scheme Extended ............................................................................ 102
June 9, 2023 ...................................................................................................................................................... 103
India, France and UAE Maritime Partnership Exercise ..................................................................... 103
UGC Introduces New Degree Nomenclatures .................................................................................. 104
Source of Solar Wind ............................................................................................................................... 105
ESA's Experiment on Frying in Space .................................................................................................. 106
Ignoring Red Lines: Violence Against Health Care in Conflict 2022 ............................................ 107
District Good Governance Index (DGGI) of Arunachal Pradesh .................................................. 108
EU Deal on Equitable Refugee Hosting ............................................................................................... 108
Atlantic Declaration .................................................................................................................................. 109
RBI Guidelines on Default Loss Guarantee .......................................................................................... 110
RBI Guidelines on OTS ............................................................................................................................ 110
Gaula River Mining .................................................................................................................................... 111
June 12, 2023 ...................................................................................................................................................... 112
Tactical LAN Radio ................................................................................................................................... 112
Sagar Samriddhi ......................................................................................................................................... 113
2nd Edition of Antarashtriya Yoga Diwas Media Samman .............................................................. 114
HPCL Tests E27 Fuel ............................................................................................................................... 114
Rising Prevalence of Diabetes and Lifestyle Diseases in India .......................................................... 115
June 14, 2023 ..................................................................................................................................................... 116
CCMB Study on Genetic Diversity and Species Traits ..................................................................... 116
What is Captagon? .................................................................................................................................... 117
Ultra-Low Velocity Zones ........................................................................................................................ 118
Cochin Fishing Harbour Modernization Project ................................................................................. 119
Developing Nation Status Act ................................................................................................................ 120
Miss World Pageant ................................................................................................................................... 121
June 15, 2023 ..................................................................................................................................................... 122
Janjatiya Khel Mahotsav ........................................................................................................................... 122
Electromagnetic Field (EMF) Radiation ................................................................................................ 122
Lieutenant General P S Bhagat Memorial Lecture ............................................................................. 123
Gabon’s First Agri-SEZ Project .............................................................................................................. 124
Tamil Nadu Government Withdraws General Consent to CBI ...................................................... 125
2025 IIAS (International Institute of Administrative Sciences) Annual Conference .................. 125
Live Chikungunya Vaccine ...................................................................................................................... 126
Synthetic Embryos .................................................................................................................................... 127
Phosphorous Discovered on Enceladus ................................................................................................ 128
Role of Cluster N in Avian Migration ................................................................................................... 128
Space Garden ............................................................................................................................................. 129
June 16, 2023 ..................................................................................................................................................... 130
UNGA Resolution on “Memorial Wall for Fallen United Nations Peacekeepers” ...................... 130
Julley Ladakh ............................................................................................................................................... 131
Rs 500 Crore Contract to Procure Radio Relay Communication Equipment Containers ......... 131
National Time Release Study (NTRS) 2023 Report ......................................................................... 132
Bright Grains in Chromosphere ............................................................................................................ 134
VAIBHAV Fellowship Programme ........................................................................................................ 135
Uttar Pradesh Formulates Pharmaceutical Industry Policy-2023 ................................................... 135
Global Mean Temperature Crosses 1.5 Degree Celsius Threshold ............................................... 136
June 17, 2023 ..................................................................................................................................................... 137
Prime Ministers’ Museum and Library Society ................................................................................... 137
Dugdh Sanakalan Sathi Mobile App ..................................................................................................... 138
1 MW Rooftop Solar Power Project ...................................................................................................... 139
HF Radio Propagation Model ................................................................................................................. 139
Indian Dickinsonia Fossil ......................................................................................................................... 140
First Over Dimensional Cargo (ODC) .................................................................................................. 141
GoI-UNSDCF 2023-2027 ...................................................................................................................... 142
What is Fish Kill? ....................................................................................................................................... 143
Ordinance to Amend Maharashtra Cooperative Societies Act, 1960 ........................................... 144
Roosevelt Hotel .......................................................................................................................................... 145
Right to Change One’s Name ................................................................................................................ 146
‘Residential Segregation and Unequal Access to Local Public Services in India: Evidence from
1.5m Neighbourhoods’ .................................................................................................................... 146
Panel Set Up to Recommend Reforms in Arbitration Law .............................................................. 147
Common Annual Confidential Reports ................................................................................................ 148
SEBI’s Guidelines on Product Offerings by OBPPs ........................................................................... 149
Indian Languages Programme ............................................................................................................... 150
Nusrat Choudhury ..................................................................................................................................... 151
Japan Redefines Age of Consent ............................................................................................................ 152
Japan's LGBT Understanding Bill .......................................................................................................... 153
June 19, 2023 ..................................................................................................................................................... 154
Gita Press Receives Gandhi Peace Prize for 2021 .............................................................................. 154
“Intersolar Europe 2023” Exhibition .................................................................................................... 154
Who is Daniel Ellsberg? ........................................................................................................................... 155
Evolution of Pride Flag ............................................................................................................................. 156
Miyawaki Forests ...................................................................................................................................... 157
Kamala Sohonie ......................................................................................................................................... 158
Cross-services Postings of Indian Armed Forces ............................................................................... 159
National Conference on 'Foundational Literacy and Numeracy' ................................................... 160
EU to Strengthen Action Against Antimicrobial Resistance ............................................................ 160
Groundwater Extraction Tilts the Earth ............................................................................................... 161
Food Outlook Report ............................................................................................................................... 162
US-China Science and Technology Agreement (STA) .................................................................... 163
June 20, 2023 .................................................................................................................................................... 164
Ex Khaan Quest 2023 .............................................................................................................................. 164
20th Foundation Day of NIXI ................................................................................................................ 165
DAKSHTA For Young Professionals .................................................................................................... 165
Study Reveals Concerning Microplastic Inhalation by Humans ..................................................... 166
Report Reveals Europe's Heatwave and Climate Change Impacts ................................................ 167
Biodiversity Beyond National Jurisdiction Treaty .............................................................................. 168
IGAD Regional Focus of the Global Report on Food Crises (GRFC) 2023 ............................... 168
Glacier Mass Loss in the Hindu Kush Himalayas .............................................................................. 169
IPS Officer Ravi Sinha .............................................................................................................................. 170
The Amendment to the Sikh Gurdwaras Act ..................................................................................... 171
Recycling and Repurposing of Construction and Demolition Waste ............................................. 172
What is Gonkoken nanoi? ....................................................................................................................... 173
Acharya N. Gopi to Receive Prof. Kothapalli Jayashankar Award ................................................. 174
Salman Rushdie Receives Prestigious German Peace Prize ............................................................. 174
Bhavani Devi: First Indian Fencer to Win Medal in Asian Championships .................................. 175
June 21, 2023 ..................................................................................................................................................... 176
Punjab Universities Laws (Amendment) Bill, 2023 ........................................................................... 176
Punjab Police (Amendment) Bill, 2023 ............................................................................................... 177
TRIFED-Ayush Ministry Collaborate to Uplift Tribal Artisans ....................................................... 177
Magdalena Abakanowicz ........................................................................................................................ 178
Ukraine Recovery Conference 2023 .................................................................................................... 179
Tawang Marathon .................................................................................................................................... 180
Transonic Truss-Braced Wing ................................................................................................................ 181
Heatwave in India ..................................................................................................................................... 182
GEMCOVAC-OM Vaccine ..................................................................................................................... 183
Motor Third Party Premium and Liability Rules for the Financial Year (FY) 2023-24 ............ 184
June 22, 2023 .................................................................................................................................................... 184
Gender Gap Report, 2023 ...................................................................................................................... 184
Livestock and Livestock Products (Importation and Exportation) Bill, 2023 .............................. 185
Non-Conforming Industrial Area Redevelopment Project .............................................................. 186
Odisha Increases Outlay for ABADHA Scheme ................................................................................ 187
India Acquires Predator Drones ............................................................................................................ 188
India-Myanmar-Thailand Trilateral Highway .................................................................................... 189
Delhi’s Cloud Kitchen Policy .................................................................................................................. 190
Integrated Simulator Complex (ISC) 'Dhruv' ..................................................................................... 191
GE Aerospace and HAL Collaborate for Fighter Jet Engine Production ...................................... 192
Unity Mall in Dimapur ............................................................................................................................. 192
Challenges and Efforts in Recovering the Titanic Submersible ...................................................... 193
Star Rating Registration Process for Coal and Lignite Mines ......................................................... 194
UNDP, DAY-NULM Collaborate to Empower Women Entrepreneurs ........................................ 195
Yoga's Benefits for Vasovagal Syncope Patients ................................................................................ 196
FSSAI Drive to Curb Spurious Drugs .................................................................................................. 197
Estonia Legalizes Same-Sex Marriage .................................................................................................. 198
Scientists Use Quantum Computing to Simulate Black Holes and Explore Hawking Radiation
............................................................................................................................................................... 199
June 23, 2023 .................................................................................................................................................... 199
BIS Standards for Biodegradable Agri By-Product Utensils ............................................................ 199
Summit on New Global Financial Pact ............................................................................................... 200
State of the Climate in Europe 2022 .................................................................................................... 201
Unusual Behavior of Western Disturbances in India ........................................................................ 202
Paper-based Supercapacitor Made From Seaweed .......................................................................... 203
Lightning Activity in the European Eastern Alps ............................................................................... 204
The Link between Earthquakes and Cosmic Radiation ................................................................... 205
Climate Change Threatens Lake Victoria Basin ................................................................................ 206
PM-Kisan Mobile App with Face Authentication Feature .............................................................. 207
TRAI Consultation Paper on “Encouraging Innovative Technologies, Services, Use Cases, and
Business Models through Regulatory Sandbox in Digital Communication Sector” .......... 208
US NIST Launches Public Working Group for AI Technologies ................................................. 209
UK Treasury Grants Equivalence to RBI-Authorized Clearing Houses ........................................ 210
IIT Kanpur Conducts Test Flight for Cloud Seeding ........................................................................ 211
La Roche-Cotard ........................................................................................................................................ 211
Air Independent Propulsion (AIP) System Modules .......................................................................... 212
Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike (BBMP) Restructuring Committee .................................. 213
Chiral Bose-liquid State ........................................................................................................................... 214
Dragon Boat Festival ................................................................................................................................ 215
Prime Minister Modi's Gifts to President Biden and First Lady Jill Biden .................................... 216
World’s Largest Ramayan Temple ........................................................................................................ 217
June 24, 2023 .................................................................................................................................................... 218
Blue Pansy (Junonia Orithya) ................................................................................................................. 218
Nutraceutical Properties of Joha Rice ................................................................................................... 218
Liberalization of UAV Export Policy ...................................................................................................... 219
Heliopolis Memorial ................................................................................................................................. 220
Minerals Security Partnership ................................................................................................................. 221
June 26, 2023 .................................................................................................................................................... 222
Order of the Nile ...................................................................................................................................... 222
India-Egypt Strategic Partnership .......................................................................................................... 222
2023 IMD World Competitiveness Ranking ...................................................................................... 223
Multidisciplinary Education and Research Improvement in Technical Education Project ........ 224
Udyami Bharat-MSME Day .................................................................................................................... 225
Kyriakos Mitsotaki Wins Greece's National Elections ...................................................................... 226
Watermelon Snow - Current Updates (June, 2023) ........................................................................ 227
ASEAN to Hold First-Ever Joint Military Exercise in South China Sea ........................................ 228
Burmese Peacock Softshell Turtles ...................................................................................................... 229
High Death Rates in Bee Colonies ........................................................................................................ 229
Google’s 'Perspectives' Search ............................................................................................................... 230
‘In-country' Renewable H-1B Visas ....................................................................................................... 231
World Drug Report 2023 ....................................................................................................................... 232
How to Make Polluters Pay: Climate Finance to Support Global Equity ..................................... 233
Compliance Status of Coal-Based Power Plants ................................................................................ 233
Hasarius mumbai ...................................................................................................................................... 234
June 27, 2023 .................................................................................................................................................... 235
Odisha Gunvatta Sankalp ........................................................................................................................ 235
‘Special Assistance to States for Capital Investment 2023-24’ Scheme ....................................... 235
June 29, 2023 ................................................................................................................................................... 236
Introduction of National Research Foundation Bill, 2023 ............................................................... 236
Guidelines for Resource Adequacy Planning Framework for Power Sector .............................. 237
June 30, 2023 ................................................................................................................................................... 238
US Supreme Court Ruling on Affirmative Action in College Admissions ................................... 238
National Defence Mobilisation Offices ................................................................................................ 239
What is Aspartame? ................................................................................................................................. 240
Current Account Deficit .......................................................................................................................... 241
Michael Rosen ............................................................................................................................................ 241
American Bald Eagle ................................................................................................................................ 242
Indian Ocean Dipole ................................................................................................................................ 243
Meira Paibis ............................................................................................................................................... 244
Differential Time-Based Electricity Tariffs .......................................................................................... 245
Gustav Klimt ............................................................................................................................................. 246
Tarang Shakti ........................................................................................................................................... 247
High Ambient Temperature’s Influence on IPV Prevalence ........................................................... 248
Oceans' Short-Lived Halogens Contribute 8-10% Cooling ............................................................ 248
Genetic Variant Link to Multiple Sclerosis ......................................................................................... 249
Gravitational Wave Background ........................................................................................................... 250
Rajindar Singh Dhatt Receives Points of Light Award ...................................................................... 251
News Headlines
June 1, 2023
Here are Today’s News Headlines by GK Today for June 1, 2023
INDIA
Union government approved the second phase of the City Investments to Innovate,
Integrate and Sustain (CITIIS) project.
OTT platforms mandated to show anti-tobacco warnings, Union Health Ministry
notifies under the Cigarettes and Other Tobacco Products Act (COTPA), 2004.
French rail company, Alstom will manufacture 100 aluminium bodied Vande Bharat
trains.
IAF trainer aircraft crashes in Karnataka during routine training; pilots eject safely.
Union Cabinet approved constitution of an Inter-Ministerial Committee (IMC) for
world’s largest grain storage plan in cooperative sector
Maharashtra Chief Minister Eknath Shinde announced that Ahmednagar city would
be renamed ‘Ahilyanagar’ after the 18th century Maratha queen Ahilyabai Holkar.
Union government will invite applications for setting up semiconductor and display
fabrication units in India.
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
India’s GDP growth accelerated to 6.1% in the January to March 2023 quarter.
India’s GDP growth hits 7.2 per cent for fiscal year 2022-23, as per the Statistics
Ministry’s provisional estimate.
Centre’s fiscal deficit narrowed to 6.4% of the GDP in 2022-23 from 6.71% in FY22.
WORLD
Sri Lanka cuts policy rates to reduce inflation and boost economic recovery.
India has joined the Centralised Laboratory Network (CLN), which has 15 partner
facilities in 13 countries.
Dubai Successfully Trials Medication Delivery via Drones with collision avoidance
technology and real-time monitoring
India, Vietnam hold 3rd Maritime Security Dialogue in New Delhi.
SPORTS
French Open: Novak Djokovic, Carlos Alcaraz and Aryna Sabalenka advance to third
round.
French Open: Indian pair of Saketh Myneni and Yuki Bhambri powers into second
round of Men’s Double.
June 2, 2023
INDIA
Medium-range ballistic missile Agni-1 was successfully test-fired in Odisha.
Chandrayaan-3 reaches launch port at Sriharikota ahead of next month’s launch.
High Court of Karnataka has upheld constitutional validity of Section 37A of the
Foreign Exchange Management Act (FEMA), 1999.
Telangana to mark 10th year of formation on June 2.
100 units of free power for all households announced in Rajasthan
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
GST collections cross ₹1.5 lakh crores for the fifth time.
May’s manufacturing PMI rose to 31-month high of 58.7: S&P Global survey.
Uttar Pradesh govt launches 15-day mega registration drive for MSMEs
WORLD
India and Nepal sign pacts on energy, transport; India to import 10,000 MW of
electricity from Nepal.
U.S. and Taiwan sign trade deal aimed at deepening economic relations between
both sides, as China issues warning.
Pakistan posts record inflation for second consecutive month; inflation rose to
37.97% in May.
SPORTS
Top Indian shuttler Lakshya Sen enters the men’s singles quarterfinals in the
Thailand Open Super 500 tournament.
Hockey: India lift Men’s Junior Asia Cup for fourth time, defeating Pakistan in Oman.
June 3, 2023
INDIA
Andhra Pradesh: Disha Mobile App gets a record 1.17 crore registrations since its
launch three years ago
The death toll of the tragic train accident in Balasore. Odisha has risen to 238, and
around 900 are feared critically injured.
Integrated Command and Control Centre set up in Srinagar under Smart City
Mission.
88% of wage payments made through Aadhaar Based Payment Bridge System till
May: Rural Development Ministry.
President Droupadi Murmu to be on State visit to Suriname and Serbia in June.
IRENA report ‘Low-cost finance for energy transition’ praises India’s renewable
energy growth.
ICAI Central Council approves renewal of mutual recognition agreement (MRA) with
CPA Canada, CPA Ireland.
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
RBI proposes cyber security framework for payment system operators, seeks
feedback by June 30.
Centre imposes stock limits on Tur and Urad dal to prevent hoarding and speculation
IRDAI has issued draft guidelines for Bima Vahak, a new initiative aimed at
enhancing insurance inclusion and awareness across India.
WORLD
Sri Lankan Cabinet Ministers approve proposal for establishment of Truth and
Reconciliation Mechanism.
UAE Meteorologist Dr Abdulla Al Mandous has been elected as the new President of
the World Meteorological Organization (WMO)
UN Security Council extends UN political mission in Sudan for 6 months.
BRICS Foreign Ministers pitch for use of local currencies in international trade.
Celeste Saulo of Argentina has been appointed as the first female Secretary-General
of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO).
Prime Minister Narendra Modi has been invited to address a joint session of the U.S.
Congress.
SPORTS
Finale Bahnen-Tournee 2023 cycling: India’s Esow Alben wins bronze medal.
3rd Khelo India University Games to conclude in Varanasi.
Indian men’s team beat Belgium 5-1 in FIH Pro League.
June 4, 2023
INDIA
India urges G-20 countries to join proposed Global Vaccine Research Collaborative to
tackle inequity.
Oil India Limited (OIL) begins aerial survey to locate hydrocarbon deposits
Malviya National Institute of Technology (MNIT), Jaipur has been identified as the
National Centre for Earthquake Safety of Dams.
Odisha Balasore railway tragedy toll rises to 288; over 1000 injured persons have
been provided medical assistance.
India bans fourteen fixed-dose combination (FDC) medicines that are found to lack
therapeutic relevance.
International Day of Innocent Children Victims of Aggression is observed on June 4.
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
TRAI directs telcos to develop a unified digital platform to seek, maintain and revoke
customers’ consent for promotional calls and messages.
Ashwani Kumar has been appointed as the new MD and CEO of public sector UCO
Bank
Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC) announced relaxations for victims of the
Odisha train accident.
WORLD
Texas becomes largest state to ban transgender care for minors
US President Joe Biden signed into law a bill to suspend the nation’s debt limit
through 1 January 2025.
Indonesia proposes peace plan to end war between Russia and Ukraine.
Turkey’s Tayyip Erdogan has been sworn in for new term as President.
SPORTS
India defeated Great Britain 4-2 in a penalty shoot-out in the second leg FIH Pro
League match.
Manisha Bhanwala won all four matches to claim the women’s 65kg gold medal at
Ranking series wrestling event in Kyrgyzstan.
Lakshya Sen lost men’s singles semifinal against Thailand’s second seed Kunlavut
Vitidsarn in Thailand Open .
Sainyam wins women’s 10m air pistol gold in Junior World Cup.
June 5, 2023
INDIA
India’s first carbon neutral village being developed in Bhiwandi Taluka of Thane.
Railway board recommends CBI probe into Odisha Train crash.
3rd G20 Health Working Group Meeting is being held at Hyderabad, Telangana
Doorstep delivery of free medicines begins in Kozhikode, Kerala.
Defence Minister Rajnath Singh to meet US Defence Secretary Lloyd Austin to
enhance defence partnership
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
Indian American Ajay Banga assumes charge as World Bank President.
Services PMI dropped in May, still remains second highest in 13 years.
NSE and BSE to introduce enhanced surveillance for micro-small companies
The State Bank of India has launched Project Kuber in Bengaluru.
WORLD
UAE to Host World’s Largest Conservation Conference of IUCN in 2025.
President Murmu to attend celebrations in Suriname’s capital marking 150th
anniversary of arrival of Indians in the country
Saudi Arabia announces to cut oil production by 1 million barrels per day in July
World Environment Day is celebrated on 5 June with the theme of “Beat Plastic
Pollution.”
SPORTS
India win three medals in Asian U-20 Athletics Championship on the opening day.
ISSF Junior World Cup: Gautami Bhanot, Abhinav Shaw win India’s second gold
medal.
Flanders Cup 2023 Athletics: Top Indian sprinter Amlan Borgohain bags two gold
medals.
June 6, 2023
INDIA
President Droupadi Murmu has been conferred with Suriname’s highest civilian
award by President Chandrikapersad Santokhi.
Indian Railways decides to secure goomties that house signalling equipment on
railway station premises with a double-lock arrangement.
National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF): IIT Madras remained the best
educational institution in overall rankings for the fifth consecutive term.
First Chennai-Sri Lanka regular cruise passenger vessel mv Empress has been
flagged off.
Tamil Nadu Forest Department successfully tranquillised wild elephant Arikompan in
Theni, Tamil Nadu.
Chief Minister Pinarayi Vijayan commissioned the first phase of the project Kerala
Fibre Optic Network (K-FON).
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
The Government asks airlines to monitor airfares on Go First’s routes.
RBI Governor Shaktikanta Das launches Financial Inclusion Dashboard –
ANTARDRIHSTI
NHAI’s First ‘Sustainability Report’ captures initiatives taken for Environment
Sustainability.
WORLD
India and the U.S. concluded a road map for ‘Defence Industrial Cooperation’.
Draft of “Delhi Declaration”, a series of commitments to “responsible state
behaviour in cyberspace” for G-20 member countries have been notified.
Iran is set to reopen its embassy in Saudi Arabia following a seven-year closure.
Former Vice-President Mike Pence files papers for U.S. presidential bid.
SPORTS
U-20 Asian Athletics Championships: India’s Siddharth Choudhary clinches gold in
men’s shot put.
Cricket: India to take on Australia in second consecutive World Test Championship
final in London.
June 7, 2023
INDIA
Odisha: 288 deaths confirmed in Balasore train crash, says Chief Secretary Pradeep
Jena.
Haryana to launch special campaign to raise awareness about door-to-door waste
collection and segregation.
Foundation stone of ONGC National Disaster Mitigation Centre was launched in
Jammu.
Indian Navy to commemorate 130 years anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi’s ‘
Satyagraha ’ at the place where it began.
World Food Safety Day: Union Health Minister Dr. Mansukh Mandaviya to release
State Food Safety Index.
Madhya Pradesh to launch CM Learn and Earn scheme; At least one lakh youth will
be provided training.
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
RBI’s Monetary Policy Committee’s three-day meeting begins in Mumbai.
State-backed infrastructure lender, NaBFID plans to raise Rs 10,000 crore via bonds.
RBI permits banking units at IFSC to settle Non-deliverable foreign exchange
derivative contracts (NDDCs) in rupee.
Bajaj Finserv has entered into the mutual fund business.
WORLD
Former PM Jacinda Ardern receives New Zealand’s second-highest honour.
Iran unveils new ‘hypersonic missile’ that can cover 1,400 km.
China and Russia conducted joint air force patrols over the Sea of Japan and the East
China Sea.
World Bank cuts 2023 global growth forecast to 2.1% in 2023 after growing 3.1% in
2022.
SPORTS
Siddharth Choudhary clinches gold in men’s shot-put event of U-20 Asian Athletics
Championships in South Korea.
French Open: Carlos Alcaraz to play against Novak Djokovic in semi-final.
June 8, 2023
INDIA
Cyclone ‘Biparjoy’ in Arabian Sea rapidly intensifies into very severe cyclonic storm.
Government approves over Rs 89 thousand crore revival package for BSNL.
Karnataka: Enrolment to avail free power under Gruha Jyoti to start from 15th June.
Centre has set the minimum support price (MSP) for paddy sown in the kharif or
monsoon season at ₹2,183 per quintal.
Wrestlers suspend protest till June 15, as the Sports Minister assured that the Delhi
police would complete the probe by June 15.
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
RBI issues updated list of entities not authorized to deal in forex transactions.
Google Pay introduces UPI verification through Aadhaar
CCEA approved the continuation of a central-sector scheme for “Exploration of Coal
and Lignite” with an outlay of ₹2,980 crore from 2021-22 to 2025-26.
Report: Over one-third of ₹2,000 currency notes returned so far.
WORLD
Germany is preparing to host the biggest air deployment exercise in NATO’s history,
Air Defender 23 exercise.
Kuwait votes in Opposition-led Parliament, elects one woman in its seventh general
election.
Thousands flee their homes after destruction of Ukraine’s Kakhovka Dam.
Canada wildfire smoke triggers air quality concerns in New York.
SPORTS
Singapore Open 2023: Satwik-Chirag and Jolly-Gopichand crashed out in the first-
round.
June 9, 2023
INDIA
Haryana CM Manohar Lal launches integrated Water Resources Action Plan-2023-25.
J&K maintains first rank in UT category in Food Safety Index 2022-23; for third time in
row.
ISRO chairman S Somnath informs Chandrayaan 3 mission is planned to be launched
by mid-July.
National Conference on Recent Advances in School Education to begin at Dr. B R
Ambedkar National Institute of Technology in Jalandhar.
Severe Cyclonic storm Biparjoy moves northwards of Arabian Sea; Coastal Gujarat
kept on high alert.
The southwest monsoon arrived in Kerala, four days later than the original forecast
date of June 4.
National Exit Test to start from 2024, says Health Ministry.
DRDO successfully tests ballistic missile ‘Agni Prime’.
Air India jet lands safely in San Francisco carrying 216 passengers and 16 crew
members from Magadan in Russia where they were stranded for two days.
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
The Reserve Bank of India’s Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) decided unanimously
to keep the policy repo rate unchanged at 6.5% for the second time.
RBI Governor Shaktikanta Das said cooperative lenders will be able to do write-offs
and execute settlements with defaulting borrowers.
RBI lets banks issue RuPay prepaid forex cards to help widen usage
WORLD
India and Serbia agree to set bilateral trade of 1 Billion Euros by end of this decade
Former U.S. President Donald Trump charged in classified documents probe.
U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) said that an El Nino
climate phenomenon has arrived.
SPORTS
French Open 2023: Carlos Alcaraz to face with Novak Djokovic in the Men’s Singles
semi-finals.
Indian contingent of 198 athletes to participate in Special Olympics World Summer
Games 2023 in Germany.
June 10, 2023
INDIA
Madhya Pradesh to launch ‘Ladli Bahna’ scheme to make women financially
independent.
WHO report highlights significant impact of ‘Har Ghar Jal’ programme on public
health and economic savings.
Ministry of Information and Broadcasting announces second edition of Antarashtriya
Yoga Diwas Media Samman.
‘Very severe’ cyclone Biparjoy to intensify in next 24 hours: IMD.
India, France, and UAE Conclude Successful Trilateral Maritime Exercise in Gulf of
Oman, Enhancing Naval Cooperation.
Union Minister of Ports, Shipping & Waterways (MoPSW) Sarbananda Sonowal
launched ‘SAGAR SAMRIDDHI’ – the online dredging monitoring system.
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
Indian Council of Agricultural Research signs a MOU with Amazon Kisan to Empower
Farmers.
Forex reserves jump $5.9 bn to $595 bn: Reserve Bank data.
RBI notifies 4 key measures to strengthen 1,514 urban co-operative banks.
WORLD
Google celebrates Portugal National Day with a special doodle.
Boris Johnson quits as UK lawmaker after it was told that he will be sanctioned for
misleading Parliament.
The Sudanese government has declared the UN envoy to the country.
US Vice President Kamala Harris announces more than 100 million US Dollars
assistance for Caribbean.
European Union ministers have agreed on a deal to overhaul the bloc’s asylum
procedures.
Saudi Arabia and US announces 24 hours Sudan ceasefire.
SPORTS
Casper Ruud to face Novak Djokovic in final of French Open men’s singles.
June 11, 2023

INDIA
G-20 development ministers’ meet begins in Varanasi.
Odisha Police destroy 2.2 lakh kg of marijuana in the state, after a special drive.
Centre sets up panel in Manipur to further peace-making process.
Indian Navy showcases twin-carrier operations in a major upgrade to maritime
security.
CAG to host SAI20 Summit under India’s G20 Presidency in Goa.
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
Power ministry has asked Central Electricity Regulatory Authority (CERC) to initiate
the process of coupling multiple power exchanges.
Centre announces four important initiatives to strengthen over 1,500 Urban Co-
operative Banks
WORLD
The four Indigenous children lost for 40 days in Colombian Amazon were found.
Pakistan proposes Budget, with funds to fight climate change.
China plans to restrict use of mobile file-sharing services AirDrops and Bluetooth.
SPORTS
Olympic medallist Sakshi Malik said that the wrestlers will participate in the
upcoming Asian Games only if their ongoing issues are resolved.
Hockey: India records 1-0 win over host Japan and entered the final of the Women’s
Junior Asia Cup.
Ravindra Jadeja surpassed Bishan Singh Bedi to become the country’s most
successful left-arm spinner in Tests.
Rohit Sharma has become the third Indian opener to cross 13,000 runs across
formats.
June 12, 2023
INDIA
Indian Railways conducts first trail run of Patna-Ranchi Vande Bharat Express train.
A celt, belonging to the neolithic period, was discovered in Poothinatham village in
Dharmapuri, Tamil Nadu.
Indian Air Force (IAF) and Army carry out joint exercise in the central sector.
Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated the first National Training Conclave in
New Delhi
Nitin Agarwal, a 1989-batch IPS officer of Kerala cadre, was appointed the new
Director-General of the Border Security Force (BSF).
Two-day national conference of tribal writers held in Jammu and Kashmir.
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
India leads global digital payments with 89.5 million transactions in 2022
Foreign investors pump in nearly Rs 10,000 crores into Indian equities markets in 1st
two weeks of June.
Government asks imported coal-based power plants to operate at full capacity till
September.
WORLD
The Union Government releases ₹1.2 trillion as third tranche of tax devolution to
states.
Philippines’ Mayon volcano spews lava down in a mild eruption.
Iraq approves record USD 153bn budget aimed at creating jobs.
A magnitude 6.2 earthquake struck Japan’s northernmost main island of Hokkaido in
Japan.
SPORTS
Novak Djokovic created history on Sunday when he won a record-breaking 23rd
Grand Slam title.
Australia secures its ninth ICC title in men’s cricket; Australia is the only team to win
an ICC title in all three formats.
India clinched its maiden Women’s Junior Hockey Asia Cup title.
June 13, 2023
INDIA
After an alleged data leak of COVID vaccination beneficiaries, Union IT Ministry says
breached data were previously stolen but not from CoWIN portal.
W20 summit to begin tomorrow at Mahabalipuram near Chennai.
Madhya Pradesh to transfer Rs 6423 crore in bank accounts of farmers at Kisan-
Kalyan Mahakumbh.
PM Modi distributes over 70 thousand appointment letters to newly inducted recruits
at Rozgar Mela.
Haryana announces monthly pension of Rs. 10,000 for Padma Shri, Padma Bhushan
& Padma Vibhushan awardees of State.
Cyclone Biparjoy likely to cross Saurashtra and Kutch near Jakhau port by noon on
15th June.
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
India’s retail inflation eased further in May to a 20-month low of 4.25%, from 4.7% in
April.
Industrial Output of India rise to 4.2% in April 2023: MoSPI
RBI permits banks to settle wilful default, fraud accounts.
WORLD
North Korean leader Kim Jong-un expresses interest to deepen ties with Russian
President Vladimir Putin.
Pakistan begins importing discounted Russian crude oil.
U.S. decides to return to UNESCO, after a decade-long dispute sparked by the move
to include Palestine as a member.
SPORTS
Novak Djokovic reaches record 23 grand slam titles after French Open final win.
World Squash Championship begins at Chennai; India to face Hong Kong on the first
day.
Indonesia Open: PV Sindhu, HS Prannoy advance to second round of Singles event.
June 14, 2023
INDIA
Cyclone Biparjoy: Gujarat state government has shifted nearly 30,000 people from
coastal areas to safer places.
The government has ruled out the possibility of capping airfares during the ongoing
peak travel season.
Two warships of different classes were launched into the water, and the keel of a
third vessel was laid at Larsen & Toubro (L&T) shipyard at Kattupalli in Chennai.
President Droupadi Murmu has greeted people on the occasion of Odisha’s
agricultural festival, Raja.
Second summit of Supreme Audit Institutions of G20 countries concludes in Goa.
Centre announces three schemes worth over Rs 8000 cr for disaster management in
country.
Guwahati Railway Station awarded ‘Eat Right Station’ certification by FSSAI.
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
RBI chief Shaktikanta Das honoured with ‘Governor of the Year’ award at Central
Banking Awards 2023.
India’s wholesale inflation in May declines to 3-yr-low of (-) 3.48%.
GST evasion of Rs 30,000 crore using stolen IDs across 16 states uncovered.
WORLD
Germany returns remains of Indigenous Maori and Moriori people to New Zealand.
Meta releases ‘human-like’ AI image creation model.
ADB approves USD 400 million to Bangladesh under sustainable economic recovery
programme.
Number of people forcibly displaced around world climbed to record 110 million:
UNHCR
SPORTS
Sindhu and Prannoy make the pre-quarterfinals of the Indonesia Open World Tour
Super 1000 event.
Indonesia Open: Lakshya Sen crushes world no. 11 Lee Zii Jia in straight games.
Indian archer Aditi Gopichand Swamy scored 711/720 to break the Under 18 world
record.
June 15, 2023
INDIA
Tamil Nadu withdraws general consent granted to the Central Bureau of
Investigation (CBI).
Union government moots new Human Development Index (HDI) for 28 lakh
vulnerable tribals.
Law Commission seeks fresh inputs on Uniform Civil Code.
Reuters Institute Digital News Report 2023: News consumption falls in India.
Union government has discontinued the sale of rice and wheat under Open Market
Sale Scheme (OMSS) to State governments.
Women 20 Summit commences at Mahabalipuram near Chennai.
Very severe cyclonic storm Biparjoy to make landfall near Jakhau port in Kutch
district of Gujarat.
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
India achieves all-time high exports of seafood by shipping 17,35,286 MT of seafood.
Labour and Employment Minister Bhupender Yadav addressed the Plenary Session
at the 111th International Labour Conference in Geneva.
Center asks state govts to continuously monitor prices of Tur and Urad pulses.
WORLD
Donald Trump pleads not guilty to charges over classified papers.
Chinese President Xi Jinping said that his country was establishing “strategic”
relations with Palestinians.
No NATO entry for Sweden unless anti-Turkish protests stop: Turkey
Bangladesh: World Bank launches its first road safety project in South Asia
SPORTS
Lakshya Sen and K. Srikanth eased into the second round of the men’s singles at the
Indonesia Open World Tour Super 1000.
Wimbledon prize money has been increased to £44.7 million.
Indian Archer Aditi Swami, 16, shattered the under-18 world record.
June 16, 2023
INDIA
India to buy 31 armed MQ-9 Reaper Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) from General
Atomics.
Karnataka to scrap anti-conversion law in the state.
Approximately 80 more castes in six States are likely to be added to the Central List
of Other Backward Classes (OBCs).
With 44.22 % Growth, Overall, Coal stock position in India touches 110.58 million
tonnes.
CBIC releases National Time Release Study (NTRS) 2023 report.
Rajasthan, Gujarat and Tamil Nadu emerge Top Achievers in Wind Energy Adoption.
Cyclone ‘Biparjoy’ Landfall started in Saurashtra and Kutch in Gujarat.
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
India’s merchandise exports fell 10.3% to USD 34.98 billion in May, trade deficit hits
5-month high.
Assets Under Management (AUM) may cross ₹10 lakh cr. by September: PFRDA
NaBFID raises ₹10,000 crore via listed bond issue.
European Central Bank raised borrowing costs to their highest level in 22 years.
WORLD
Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation
(BIMSTEC) to adopt Bangkok Vision 2030 at next summit.
U.S. military gets access to Papua New Guinea bases.
Philip Green to be Australia’s new envoy to India
SPORTS
Kartik Kumar and Gulveer Singh claimed the top two places in men’s 10,000m and
qualified for the Asian Games.
ATP Tennis Tournament: Rohan Bopanna and Matthew Ebden of Australia enters the
doubles semifinals.
June 17, 2023
INDIA
Tamil Nadu Chief Minister launches Fintech City and Tower projects.
Ministry of Education to host G20 4th Education Working Group meeting in Pune.
NITI Aayog and UN sign GoI-UN Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework
2023-27.
Kerala University announces list of four-year degree programmes.
NHAI releases guidelines to address accident-prone spots on national highways.
IIT Delhi’s AI model predicts normal monsoon in 2023
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
Government announces Sovereign Gold Bond Scheme 2023-24.
National Pension Scheme (NPS) to offer Systematic Withdrawals plan soon, says
PFRDA.
SEBI issues guidelines on product offerings by online bond platforms
Centre amends IBC provision to remove moratorium protection for certain oil
companies
WORLD
United States eases norms on eligibility criteria for Green Card.
Japan raises age of consent from 13 to 16 years and clarifies rape law.
First Women’s Kabaddi League Inaugurated in Dubai.
SPORTS
India’s Satwiksairaj Rankireddy and Chirag Shetty enter men’s doubles semifinals at
the Indonesia Open badminton tournament.
Indian men’s recurve team clinches bronze in Archery World Cup.
K.M. Deeksha clinches gold in the 1,500m National inter-state athletics
championships.
June 18, 2023
INDIA
The Gandhi Peace Prize for 2021 will be conferred on Gita Press, Gorakhpur, one of
the largest publishers of religious texts.
World Bank approves loan of $150 million to support Resilient Kerala programme.
Karnataka government orders textbook revision with 18 changes.
Indian Railways will review every aspect of safety in the operation of trains to ensure
foolproof working of the system.
Prime Minister Modi proposes G-20 membership for African Union.
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
Textile and apparel exports declined 12.2% in India in May.
Gross Direct Tax collections register growth of 12.73% for FY 2023-24.
WORLD
U.S. eases norms on eligibility criteria for Indians awaiting Green Card.
Air strikes hit Sudanese capital, killing 17 persons including 5 children.
Pakistan receives USD 1 billion from China to boost foreign reserves.
Saudi Arabia’s Foreign Minister Prince Faisal bin Farhan arrived in Iran.
SPORTS
India’s Rankireddy and Shetty clinches Indonesia Open title- becoming the first
doubles pair from the country to claim a Super 1000 event.
Goa CM Pramod Sawant launches mascot for upcoming 37th National Games.
Egypt retains World Squash Championship, after beating Malaysia 2-1 in the final in
Chennai.
June 19, 2023
INDIA
Incessant rain creates flooding in several parts of Assam; IMD has issued a ‘Red
Alert’ across several districts of Assam.
Prime Minister Narendra Modi to lead International Day of Yoga celebrations at UN
Headquarters in New York.
G20 Tourism Working Group and Tourism Ministerial Meetings to begin in Goa.
INS ‘Vagir’ set to embark on operational visit to Colombo.
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
Corporate Affairs Ministry to consult practitioners on MCA-21 portal glitches.
India achieves all-time high exports of seafood by shipping 17,35,286 MT of seafood
worth over Rs 63,969 crore.
WORLD
Elon Musk confirms Twitter video app for smart TVs.
Thailand to hold meeting with Myanmar to find way out of post-coup crisis in
country.
President of US Joe Biden to announce over six hundred million dollar in climate
investments.
Bangladesh to adopt IMF mandated method to calculate its Forex reserve.
SPORTS
Indian Men’s Senior Football Team beat Lebanon 2-0 to clinch Intercontinental Cup
in Bhubaneshwar
Indian archer Abhishek Verma clinched gold medal in men’s compound individual
final at Archery World Cup Stage 3.
June 20, 2023
INDIA
Bureau of Indian Standards makes license mandatory for 24 footwear products from
1st July.
India to gift indigenously-built in-service Missile Corvette INS Kirpan to Vietnam.
Indian Army Contingent participates in multinational peacekeeping Joint Exercise Ex
Khaan Quest 2023 in Mongolia.
Bihar to host two days G-20 Labour Engagement summit.
A Mesolithic period rock painting depicting a person tilling a piece of land has been
found in Orvakallu village in Guntur, Andhra Pradesh.
Senior IPS officer Ravi Sinha appointed next chief of RAW.
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
Over 17.88 lakh new employees added to Employees’ State Insurance Corporation
(ESIC) in April 2023.
Khadi Village Industries Commission (KVIC) turnover increases by 332 % in the last
nine years.
TRAI recommends ‘essential services’ status for submarine cable network.
RBI nudges Google, Apple to secure mobile devices for financial transactions
WORLD
World Bank to approve aid package worth 700 million to crisis-hit Sri Lanka.
Oman creates history as first foreign government to promote country through yoga.
United Nations adopt first-ever treaty to protect marine life in high seas.
World Sickle Cell Awareness Day is observed on June 19th each year to raise
awareness about sickle cell disease (SCD).
UAE and Qatar reopen embassies to restore diplomatic ties.
Report: Europe, the world’s fastest-warming continent was 2.3 degree Celcius hotter
last year than in pre-industrial times.
SPORTS
Bhavani Devi becomes first Indian to win bronze medal at Asian Fencing
Championships in China.
Max Verstappen won the Canadian Grand Prix from pole position.
June 21, 2023
INDIA
The International Day of Yoga is being celebrated across the globe today.
Road, Transport and Highways Ministry issues draft notification proposing Motor
Third Party Premium and Liability Rules for FY 2023-24.
Minister Nitin Gadkari lays foundation stone of Bharat Mala Green Field Six-Lane
Ring Road project in Karnal.
Defence Minister Rajnath Singh inaugurates Integrated Simulator Complex ‘Dhruv’
in Kochi to enhance practical training of Indian Navy personnel
UNDP partners with DAY-NULM towards empowering women entrepreneurs
Women and Child Development (WCD) Ministry to merge Childline 1098 with 112 line
in 9 States.
India’s first mRNA vaccine against Omicron approved
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
National Bank for Financing Infrastructure & Development (NaBFID) aims to disburse
about ₹60,000 crore by the end of this fiscal.
Eddie Wu to succeed Daniel Zhang as Alibaba Group CEO.
State Bank of India MD Swaminathan Janakiraman has been selected for the post of
a Deputy Governor in the Reserve Bank of India.
WORLD
Number of refugees globally stood at 35.3 million by end of 2022: UNHCR.
China has planned to set up nuclear power plant in Pakistan.
Tourist submersible on Titanic expedition has gone missing for third day.
Qatar agrees to second long-term gas supply agreement with China
SPORTS
Bhavani Devi becomes first Indian to win bronze medal at Asian Fencing
Championships in China.
Tajinderpal Singh Toor sets new Asian shot-put record at Inter-State Championships.
June 22, 2023

INDIA
Two-day G20 Labour Engagement Group meeting begins in Patna, Bihar.
A record was achieved in the United Nations Headquarters by setting a Guinness
World Record for participation by the maximum number of nationalities in the Yoga
session.
2,250 Child adoption orders issued across the country after Amended Juvenile Justice
Act came into force.
North India’s first Skin Bank inaugurated at New Delhi’s Safdarjung Hospital.
National Medical Commission (NMC) has brought in changes in the undergraduate
medical curriculum.
16 tigers were dead in Uttarakhand since January
Odisha Cabinet approves increase of outlay for Puri’s development by ₹1,000 crore.
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
World Bank is set to pause loan repayments by disaster-hit nations.
India’s rising imports of Russian oil hit a record high of about 1.95 million barrels per
day (bpd) in May.
India unable to fill 30% of cybersecurity jobs due to skill gap.
WORLD
India climbs eight places to 127 in global gender index: WEF report.
St. Petersburg International Economic Forum (SPIEF): Putin seeks alternative
partnerships.
U.S. bombers land in Sweden for training exercises for first time.
SPORTS
Taipei Open: HS Prannoy to face Tommy Sugiarto for spot in Men’s Singles
quarterfinal
Sunil Chhetri hat-trick powered India to 4-0 victory over Pakistan in its SAFF
Championship opener.
Venus Williams has been awarded a wildcard for next month’s Wimbledon
championships.
June 23, 2023
INDIA
India and US identify around 25 areas of technology for partnership.
Ladakh holds UT-level Science, Mathematics and Environment exhibition-2023,
organized by DIET.
US to open two new consulates in India – Ahmedabad and Bengaluru.
Andhra Pradesh Chief Minister Y.S. Jagan Mohan Reddy virtually inaugurates three
industrial units in the state.
L&T, DRDO sign pact to build two Air Independent Propulsion (AIP) System Modules.
Prime Minister Narendra Modi gifted 7.5-carat eco-friendly laboratory-grown
diamond to the U.S. First Lady.
G-20 Education Ministers agree on equitable use of Artificial Intelligence.
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
American chipmaker Micron to invest 825 million dollars to build Chip Assembly and
Testing Facility in Gujarat.
Monetary Policy Committee stresses need for inflation vigil.
Indians’ funds in Swiss banks slid 11% to ₹30,000 crores in 2022.
WORLD
All five people killed aboard submersible “Titan,” on exploration dive to wreckage of
Titanic.
‘Summit for New Global Financing Pact’ commenced in Paris, France.
Dhaka remains 7th in least liveable city in world, reveals EIU Global Liveability Index
2023.
U.S. approves deal aimed at deepening economic relations with Taiwan, trade deal
despite Chinese ire
SPORTS
Uttar Pradesh unveils first ticket for first race of world’s fastest motor bike race
‘Moto GP’ 2023.
Indian contingent passes 50-medal mark at Special Olympics World Games in Berlin.
June 24, 2023
INDIA
Prime Minister Narendra Modi addressed a joint session of the U.S. Congress, called
the India-U.S. relationship “a defining partnership” of the 21st century.
Dr Jitendra Singh launches the GEMCOVAC-OM, an Omicron-specific mRNA-based
Booster vaccine.
NHPC signs MoU with GRIDCO Odisha, for developing Pumped Storage Projects and
Solar Energy Projects in Odisha.
INS Sunayna visited Mombasa, Kenya for strengthening bilateral ties with maritime
neighbours on the theme of Ocean Ring of Yoga.
INS Trishul made a port call at Toamasina, Madagascar and INS Tarkash made a port
call to Muscat, Oman.
Union Home Minister and Minister of Cooperation, Amit Shah laid foundation stone
of ‘Balidan Stambh’ in Srinagar.
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
Govt directs Food Corporation of India (FCI) to conduct e-auction of wheat and rice
to check increase in retail prices.
Micron to produce first semiconductor chip at India plant by December 2024.
FM Nirmala Sitharaman met Minister of Finance and Digital Sovereignty of France
Bruno Le Maire sidelines of Summit New Global Financing Pact in Paris
Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories (DRL) is making a foray into the trade generics business in
India; forms a new division RgenX to focus on the segment.
WORLD
The head of the Russian mercenary group Wagner threatened to destroy Russia’s
military leadership; Russia orders arrest.
Beijing issues highest heat alert as China records 40 degree Celsius.
U.K. accuses Russia of ‘training combat dolphins’ in Crimea.
SPORTS
Global Chess League: Magnus Carlsen defeats Viswanathan Anand, on the second
day.
Saraswati clinched the 500m roller skating race in the Special Olympics World Games.
June 25, 2023
INDIA
PM Modi & Egyptian President Abdel Fattah El-Sisi hold bilateral talks in Cairo; sign
agreement to elevate bilateral relationship to Strategic Partnership.
Prime Minister Narendra Modi has been conferred with the Order of the Nile, the
highest civilian award of Egypt.
Third Infrastructure Working Group Meeting to take place in Rishikesh.
National Centre for Good Governance (NCGG) successfully trains the 24th batch of
civil servants from Maldives.
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
Google announced the opening of a Global FinTech Operations Center in GIFT City,
Gujarat.
World Bank approves USD 255.5 million loan for government tech institutions.
WORLD
Severe drought recorded in southern part of South America due to months of little
rain and high temperatures.
Japan protests Russia’s declaring September 3 as day of victory over ‘militaristic’
Japan.
Direct flight between Kathmandu, Beijing resumes after three years.
French climate finance summit: Leaders agree that the international financial system
was inadequate in an era of global warming.
SPORTS
India recorded a 2-0 win over Nepal in the SAFF Championship at the Sree
Kanteerava Stadium.
England‘s Jos Buttler became the ninth batter to get past 10,000 runs in the T20
format.
June 26, 2023
INDIA
Madras High Court: Caste will have no role to play in appointment of temple priests.
Flash floods and landslides hit parts of Haryana and Himachal Pradesh.
Assam floods: Heavy rainfall affects 5 lakh people in the state.
World Drug Day is observed on June 26, this year’s theme is ‘People first: Stop stigma
and discrimination’.
EESL to deploy 10 million BLDC fans across India from September.
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
EPFO launches calculator for higher EPS pension additional contribution.
Infosys signs $454-million deal with Danske Bank.
Asian Development Bank to provide 400 million US dollars in loans to Bangladesh.
WORLD
Greece’s centre-right leader Kyriakos Mitsotakis to be sworn in as Prime Minister.
Five-day Haj rituals commence today in Saudi Arabia.
US aircraft carrier and two guided missile cruisers visit Vietnam.
Pakistan: National Assembly passes bill seeking amendment to Elections Act 2017.
Australia announces new $74m assistance package to Ukraine.
American rapper Busta Rhymes was awarded the BET Lifetime Achievement Award
for 2023.
SPORTS
Hasaranga becomes first ODI spinner to take three consecutive 5-wicket hauls.
Diksha Dagar won her second Ladies European Tour (LET) title, as she claims the
Czech Ladies Open title.
Sutirtha Mukherjee and Ayhika Mukherjee claimed its maiden women’s doubles title
in the WTT Contender Tunis.
June 27, 2023
INDIA
PM Narendra Modi flags off five Vande Bharat trains from Rani Kamalapati Railway
Station in Bhopal.
Twelve start-ups from 9 Indian states emerge as winners at Youth Co:Lab National
Innovation Dialogue 2022.
Government to release Tur from national buffer till imported stocks arrive in Indian
market.
8th edition of World’s Largest Urban Cleanliness Survey begins.
Union Minister Parshottam Rupala launches NOC Approvals for New Drugs &
Inoculation System (NANDI).
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
EPFO extends deadline to apply for pension on higher wages till July 11.
Centre approves Rs. 56,415 crores to 16 States for Capital Investment in current
financial year.
S&P retains FY24 India growth projection at 6%.
WORLD
International Pineapple Day is being observed on June 27.
Over two million pilgrims from across the world to perform Haj in Saudi Arabia.
Sri Lanka to shut down its banks and financial sector for five days; to restructure its
domestic debt.
SPORTS
Special Olympics World Games 2023: India ends campaign with 202 medals.
ODI Cricket World Cup to begin in Ahmedabad on 5th October.
June 28, 2023
INDIA
The National Disaster Response Force (NDRF) to deploy vehicle equipped with
uninterrupted Internet, Very High Frequency (VHF) and other services during
emergencies.
Privacy is ultimate sanctity of an individual: Kerala High Court
T.S. Singh Deo made Chhattisgarh Deputy Chief Minister, ahead of Assembly poll.
Contingents from India to attend French Bastille Day parade in Paris; including
Rafale fighter jets.
Union Cabinet approved the National Research Foundation (NRF) Bill, 2023.
Union Culture Ministry to implement “Financial Assistance for Veteran Artists” along
with Canara Bank.
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
Karnataka Cabinet decided to provide cash in lieu of rice; 2.29 lakh tonnes of rice
needed every month for Anna Bhagya scheme.
CCEA approved the PM-PRANAM (PM Programme for Restoration, Awareness,
Generation, Nourishment and Amelioration of Mother Earth) scheme.
Department of Telecommunications announces ‘5G & Beyond Hackathon 2023’.
Centre Provides Financial Incentives to states to accelerate Power Sector Reforms.
WORLD
Nepal Supreme Court orders government to register same-sex marriages.
China and New Zealand signed agreements to boost trade between the two
countries, in Beijing.
Pakistan passes law paving way for return of exiled former Prime Minister.
More than 1,000 civilians killed in Afghanistan since Taliban takeover: UN
SPORTS
Australia batter Steve Smith became the second fastest to reach 9,000 runs in Tests
after Sangakkara.
Tamil Nadu beats Haryana and claim the senior women’s National football
championship.
June 29, 2023
INDIA
Union Fisheries Minister Parshottam Rupala Launches “Report Fish Disease” App.
Union Minister Pralhad Joshi unveils List of “Critical Minerals for India”.
Statistics Day is celebrated on 29th June with the theme of ‘Alignment of State
Indicator Framework with National Indicator Framework for Monitoring SDGs’.
Coal Secretary Amrit Lal Meena inaugurates India Pavilion at the World Mining
Congress 2023, Australia.
Cabinet approves Ratification of the Headquarters Agreement (HQA) between India
and Coalition for Disaster Resilient Infrastructure (CDRI).
The festival of sacrifice, Eid-ul-Azha or Baqraeed is being celebrated in various parts
of the country.
Tamil Nadu launches scheme to provide cardiac drugs through over 10,000 primary-
level health facilities.
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
Government approves Fair and Remunerative Price of sugarcane payable by Sugar
Mills to sugarcane farmers for sugar season 2023-24.
India has delayed plans to collect a 20% tax on annual overseas spending of more
than ₹7,00,000 ($8,500) by three months.
RBI: GNPA ratio of Scheduled Commercial Banks fallen to 10 year low of 3.9% in
March 2023.
Gujarat government signs MoU with Micron Technology for semiconductor assembly
and test facility in Ahmedabad.
WORLD
Nobel-winning lithium battery inventor John Goodenough passed away.
India removed from UNSG report on impact of armed conflict on children.
WEF Report highlights potential of AI in healthcare and importance of public-private
collaboration in driving its global adoption.
SPORTS
Carlos Alcaraz and Iga Swiatek were seeded No. 1 for Wimbledon.
India beat Japan 62-18 to register third win in Asian Kabbadi Championship 2023 in
South Korea.
June 30, 2023
INDIA
Tamil Nadu Governor R.N. Ravi dismisses Minister, and then hurriedly backtrack his
decision.
IIT Kharagpur is developing a tamper-proof signalling system based on blockchain
technology for the Indian Railways.
International Conference on Green Hydrogen to be held in New Delhi.
The Centre allows the Office of the Registrar-General of India (RGI) to perform
Aadhaar authentication during registration of births and deaths.
2019 MBBS batch will be the first to shift to National Exit Test (NExT).
India and Philippines decide to commence negotiations on bilateral trade pact.
Government unveils guidelines for green hydrogen production, electrolyser
manufacturing.
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
The government prohibited import of cigarette lighters if the price per unit is less
than ₹20.
Union Rural Development Ministry extends the deadline for mandatory payments of
MGNREGS via the Aadhaar-based Payments System (ABPS) to August 31.
No TCS on credit card spends overseas: Ministry of Finance.
WORLD
Turkmenistan unveils USD 5 billion smart city in honour of national leader.
Pakistan has reached a staff-level agreement with the IMF for a USD 3 billion bailout
package.
International Day of Parliamentarism, celebrated on June 30, with the theme is
‘Parliaments for the Planet’.
Virgin Galactic successfully completed its first manned mission to the edge of space.
World Asteroid Day is an annual global event which is held on June 30.
SPORTS
Dipika Pallikal Karthik and Harinder Pal Singh Sandhu defeat Aira Azman and Shafiq
Kamal of Malaysia in the semifinals of Asian mixed doubles squash.
India defeats Iran and enters the final of Asian kabaddi.
June 1, 2023
City Investments to Innovate, Integrate and Sustain (CITIIS) 2.0
The Indian government has recently approved the second phase of an ambitious project
aimed at promoting integrated waste management and climate-oriented reform actions.
Known as CITIIS (City Investments to Innovate, Integrate and Sustain), this project aims to
transform urban areas in India into sustainable and resilient cities.
CITIIS 2.0: A Step Towards Sustainable Urban Development
CITIIS 2.0 has set its sights on 18 cities across India for implementation. This phase of the
project builds upon the success and experiences gained during the first phase, which
covered 12 cities including Chennai, Amaravati, and Bhubaneshwar. The government has
earmarked a total loan amount of Rs 1760 crore for CITIIS 2.0, with equal contributions
from partnering organizations such as the French Development Agency (AFD) and
Kreditanstalt für Wiederaufbau (KfW). Additionally, the European Union has provided a
technical assistance grant of Rs 106 crore to support the project’s objectives.
Three Key Components of CITIIS 2.0
CITIIS 2.0 is built upon three major components, each contributing to the overall objective
of sustainable urban development. The first component focuses on providing financial
and technical support to develop projects that enhance climate resilience and promote
adaptation and mitigation measures. This will be implemented in up to 18 smart cities,
carefully selected based on competition.
The second component involves extending support to all states and Union Territories on a
demand basis. This approach ensures that the benefits of the project reach all corners of
the country, facilitating widespread climate governance in urban India. The third and
equally crucial component involves interventions at the center, state, and city levels to
strengthen institutions, disseminate knowledge, and build capacity.
Global Alliance for Drowning Prevention
During the 76th meeting of the World Health Assembly (WHA), a significant alliance was
established to tackle a pressing global public health issue – drowning prevention. With
over 90% of drowning deaths occurring in low- and middle-income countries, this alliance
aims to assess the impact of drowning worldwide and implement effective prevention
measures.
Objective of the Alliance
The main objective of the Global Alliance for Drowning Prevention is to comprehensively
assess the impact of drowning worldwide. By preparing a global status report,
policymakers can gain critical insights into the issue and make informed decisions
regarding prevention strategies. The alliance is dedicated to ensuring that drowning
prevention receives the attention it deserves on the global public health agenda.
Impact on Vulnerable Populations
Drowning disproportionately affects the world’s poorest people. Recognizing this, the
alliance acknowledges the urgent need to address inequalities in drowning risk
exacerbated by rising poverty. By focusing on prevention measures and targeted
interventions, the alliance aims to save lives and improve the well-being of vulnerable
populations.
Global Resolution
resolution put forward by the Governments of Bangladesh and Ireland called upon the
World Health Organization (WHO) to lead collaborative efforts in preventing drowning
within the United Nations system and relevant UN entities.
As per the resolution, member states were urged to examine their respective national
drowning situations and implement policies and programs aimed at mitigating risks.
The draft decision emphasized the need for reporting progress on the implementation of
the resolution to the World Health Assembly (WHA) in 2025. This report should encompass
updates on the global status report on drowning prevention and highlight contributions
towards the Thirteenth General Programme of Work, covering the period 2019-2025.
Furthermore, the proposal recommended that the report in 2029 should include an
assessment of the accomplishments of the global alliance and its alignment with broader
agendas, including the UN-mandated Sustainable Development Goals and the Sendai
Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030.
Call to the WHO Director-General
The proposal requests the WHO director-general to facilitate research on drowning
context and risk factors. Additionally, the director-general is encouraged to promote the
adaptation of effective drowning prevention measures and evaluate the effectiveness of
existing prevention programs. These efforts are crucial for developing evidence-based
strategies and improving global drowning prevention outcomes.
“World’s Largest Grain Storage Plan in the Cooperative Sector”
India, known for its agricultural prowess, is embarking on a monumental plan to
revolutionize its foodgrain storage capacity. The Union cabinet recently approved a
scheme that will allocate a staggering ₹1 trillion towards increasing storage capacity by 70
million tonnes in the cooperative sector. This ambitious project, set to become the world’s
largest grain storage plan in the cooperative sector, aims to address key challenges faced
by farmers and enhance the country’s food security.
Enhancing Storage Capacity: A Key Priority
The current grain storage capacity in India stands at 145 million tonnes. Recognizing the
need for expansion, the government plans to bolster the capacity by an additional 70
million tonnes, reaching an impressive 215 million tonnes within the next five years. This
significant increase in storage capacity will play a vital role in reducing food wastage and
facilitating better planning for farmers.
Cooperative Sector Takes the Lead
One of the distinctive features of this plan is its implementation within the cooperative
sector. This means that cooperatives will have the opportunity to establish decentralised
storage facilities across the country. By leveraging the power of cooperatives, the burden
on the Food Corporation of India (FCI) will be reduced, ensuring smoother operations and
improved efficiency in the storage and distribution of foodgrains.
Pilot Project for Seamless Implementation
To ensure seamless and effective execution, the Ministry of Cooperation will initiate a pilot
project in ten selected districts across states and Union Territories. This strategic approach
will provide valuable insights into regional requirements, enabling the integration of local
needs into the nationwide implementation of the programme. By incorporating diverse
perspectives, the government aims to optimize the impact of the storage capacity scheme.
Transforming Credit Societies into Vibrant Enterprises
The Ministry of Cooperation has set forth a comprehensive strategy with the objective of
converting Primary Agricultural Credit Societies (PACS) into thriving and prosperous
business ventures. These PACS will play a pivotal role in strengthening India’s food
security, reducing wastage, and improving farmers’ income. Emphasis will be placed on
developing agri-infrastructure, including warehouses and processing units at the PACS
level, to enhance the overall agricultural landscape of the country.
Establishing a Regional Office for Development Cooperation
Recognizing the importance of multilateral cooperation, India will establish a regional
office of the Universal Postal Union (UPU) in New Delhi. This office will facilitate UPU’s
development cooperation and provide technical assistance activities in the region.
Through this collaboration, India aims to enhance postal services, improve efficiency,
promote e-commerce, and support trade initiatives in the region.
Draft Resolution on the Impact of Chemicals, Waste and Pollution on Human Health
The member nations of the World Health Organization (WHO) have recognized the
pressing need to address the detrimental effects of chemicals, waste, and pollution on
human health. During the 76th World Health Assembly, a resolution was accepted,
highlighting the importance of tackling this global issue.
Resolution Acceptance: Chemicals, Waste, and Pollution on Human Health
The primary focus of the resolution is to address the impact of chemicals, waste, and
pollution on human health. This resolution emphasizes the urgency of implementing
measures to mitigate the adverse effects caused by these factors.
Collaboration for Updated Reports
The World Health Organization and the United Nations Environment Programme have
been urged to collaborate and update the State of the Science of Endocrine Disrupting
Chemicals report. Originally published in 2012, this report serves as a crucial foundation
for understanding the potential health risks associated with these chemicals.
Chemicals of Concern
The resolution identifies several chemicals of concern, including cadmium, lead, mercury,
highly hazardous pesticides, and endocrine-disrupting chemicals. These substances have
been linked to adverse health outcomes and pose significant risks to individuals and
communities.
Impact on Developing Countries
Developing countries bear a disproportionate burden of childhood death, illnesses, and
disability resulting from chemical exposure. The representatives of member states have
stressed the urgent need to address this issue and prioritize the well-being of vulnerable
populations.
Health Priorities in Relation to Chemicals, Waste, and Pollution
The resolution acknowledges the interconnected nature of health priorities and highlights
the need to consider maternal and child health, antimicrobial resistance, and
environmentally related diseases in the context of chemicals, waste, and pollution. A
comprehensive approach is necessary to address these complex challenges.
Monitoring and Reporting Progress
To ensure effective implementation of the resolution, progress reports are required to be
submitted in 2027 and 2029. These reports will provide an assessment of the measures
taken and their impact on mitigating the adverse effects of chemicals, waste, and pollution
on human health.
Concerns about Non-Communicable Diseases
One of the long-term concerns expressed in the resolution is the increasing prevalence of
non-communicable diseases resulting from poor management of chemical waste. It
underscores the importance of taking proactive measures to prevent and control these
diseases in the face of rising waste generation.
Adopting a One Health Approach
The report on human health implications is expected to consider a One Health approach.
This approach recognizes the interconnectedness of human, animal, and environmental
health, aiming to address complex health challenges comprehensively.
Factors in Data Collection
Data collection efforts should encompass various factors, including sex, age, disability, and
the harmful effects of substances on different organ systems. This comprehensive
approach will help identify vulnerable groups and tailor interventions to address their
specific needs.
Draft Aircraft Bill, 2023
The civil aviation ministry in India has taken a significant step towards enhancing
regulations in the aviation sector with the introduction of the Draft Aircraft Bill, 2023. This
bill aims to streamline and improve provisions related to the design, manufacture,
possession, use, operation, sale, import, and export of aircraft.
Enhancing Regulations for the Aviation Sector
The Draft Aircraft Bill, 2023 is a proactive measure by the civil aviation ministry to establish
an effective framework for the regulation and control of various aspects related to aircraft
operations in India. It recognizes the need to modernize and simplify existing regulations
to meet the current needs of the industry.
Reviewing the Existing Aircraft Act, 1934
Before drafting the new bill, a comprehensive review of the existing legislation, the
Aircraft Act of 1934, was undertaken. This evaluation aimed to identify redundancies,
address shortcomings, and align the regulations with the evolving aviation landscape.
Public Consultation Period
To ensure a participatory approach and gather diverse perspectives, the civil aviation
ministry has invited public consultations on the Draft Aircraft Bill, 2023. The consultation
period spans 30 days, allowing stakeholders and the public to provide valuable feedback
and suggestions.
Fostering Growth in the Civil Aviation Market
India’s civil aviation market is one of the fastest-growing in the world. The Draft Aircraft
Bill, 2023 recognizes the importance of robust regulations in supporting this growth. By
providing better provisions for the design, manufacture, possession, use, operation, sale,
import, and export of aircraft, the bill seeks to facilitate a conducive environment for the
aviation industry to flourish.
Significance of the Preamble
The preamble of the Draft Aircraft Bill, 2023 sets the stage for its objectives. It emphasizes
the need for comprehensive provisions to regulate and control various aspects of aviation.
This includes matters connected to the design, manufacture, possession, use, operation,
sale, import, and export of aircraft, ensuring a holistic approach to aviation regulation.
11th Edition of the World of Work Report
The International Labour Organisation (ILO) has released its 11th edition of the World of
Work report, providing insights into the projected global unemployment rates and the
need for social protection. As the world recovers from the impact of the pandemic, it is
crucial to address the disparities in employment opportunities and foster economic
stability.
Projected Global Unemployment Rate
According to the ILO, the projected global unemployment rate for 2023 is expected to fall
below pre-pandemic levels, reaching 5.3%, which corresponds to approximately 191
million individuals. While this indicates a positive trend, it is essential to consider the
varying degrees of recovery among different regions and income groups.
Regions with Reduced Unemployment Rates
The report highlights regions that have successfully reduced their unemployment rates
below pre-crisis levels. Latin America and the Caribbean, northern, southern, and western
Europe, and central and Western Asia have demonstrated resilience in their labor markets,
with unemployment rates ranging from 6.3% to 6.7%, showing a positive recovery trend.
Introducing the Jobs Gap Indicator
To measure the unmet demand for employment, especially in developing countries, the
ILO has introduced a new indicator called the jobs gap. This indicator encompasses all
individuals who desire employment but are currently jobless. It provides a comprehensive
measure of the employment challenges faced globally.
Challenges for Low-Income Countries
Low-income countries face significant obstacles in closing the jobs gap. The report reveals
that the jobs gap rate for these countries stands at a staggering 21.5%. Furthermore, this
rate has increased from 19.1% in 2005 to 21.5% in 2023, highlighting the persistent
employment challenges they encounter.
Rising Debt Levels and Policy Interventions
Developing countries also face additional challenges due to rising debt levels, which
constrain their ability to implement effective policy interventions. This limitation hampers
responses to complex threats and reinforces the existing employment divide between
high-income and low-income countries.
The Benefits of Social Protection
The report emphasizes the importance of social protection policies in reducing disparities
and fostering economic growth. Introducing universal basic old-age pensions in
developing countries, for example, would lead to a 14.8% increase in GDP per capita within
a decade and a significant reduction in extreme poverty by 6 percentage points.
The Need for Global Financial Support
To ensure a comprehensive recovery and bridge the employment gap, the report
advocates for global financial support for job creation and social protection. By investing
in these areas, countries can work towards narrowing the gap between rich and poor
nations and fostering long-term economic stability.
2023 Multilateral Naval Exercise Komodo
The Asia-Pacific region has witnessed an escalation in tensions, leading to increased
military exercises and diplomatic maneuvers by various countries. A notable event on the
horizon is the Multilateral Naval Exercise Komodo (MNEK) hosted by Indonesia.
China’s Participation
China, a prominent player in the region, will be sending warships to the Multilateral Naval
Exercise Komodo. The participation of China’s navy underscores the country’s
commitment to military diplomacy and its desire to assert its presence in the Asia-Pacific
region.
International Participation
The naval exercise hosted by Indonesia has garnered attention due to the inclusion of
countries like North Korea and Russia. The presence of these nations emphasizes the
multi-dimensional nature of geopolitical alliances and reflects the complex relationships in
the region.
Addressing Rising Tensions
The Asia-Pacific region has been grappling with rising tensions in areas such as Taiwan,
the South China Sea, and the west Pacific. The multilateral exercises serve as a platform
for participating countries to demonstrate their military capabilities and reinforce their
presence in these contested regions.
China’s Naval Assets
China’s navy will be represented by two warships, namely the destroyer Zhanjiang and the
frigate Xuchang. Equipped with guided missiles, these vessels showcase China’s naval
prowess and its commitment to military preparedness.
Multilateral Naval Exercise Komodo Schedule
The Multilateral Naval Exercise Komodo is scheduled to take place from June 4 to 8, 2023,
in Makassar, Indonesia. This event will mark the fourth iteration of the exercise since its
inception in 2014.
Broad Participation
Indonesia has extended invitations to a total of 47 nations, highlighting the desire for
widespread international engagement and cooperation. The exercise provides an
opportunity for participating countries to enhance their interoperability and build
stronger diplomatic ties.
Joint Drill: Exercise Amana Youyi-2023
China has also planned a joint drill called Exercise Amana Youyi-2023 with countries from
the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), including Cambodia, Laos, Malaysia,
Thailand, and Vietnam. Such collaborations further emphasize the complex dynamics at
play in the region.
UAE Withdraws from Combined Maritime Forces
The United Arab Emirates (UAE) has recently made headlines by withdrawing from the
U.S.-led Combined Maritime Forces (CMF), a maritime coalition responsible for securing
crucial Gulf waters. This decision comes amid rising tensions in the region and poses
questions about the UAE’s motives and the potential consequences.
UAE’s Withdrawal from the Combined Maritime Forces
The UAE officially announced its withdrawal from the CMF two months ago, citing no
specific reasons in the statement released by the Foreign Ministry. The CMF, established in
2001 and comprised of 38 partner nations, is responsible for ensuring security and
stability in the Gulf waters, which are vital to global oil trade.
Tensions in the Gulf Waters
The Gulf waters, commonly referring to the Persian Gulf, have witnessed a series of
incidents that have heightened tensions. Seizures and attacks on tankers, including the
seizure of two tankers by Iran and a drone attack on an Israeli-owned tanker, have raised
concerns about the safety and stability of the region.
U.S. Response: Reinforcements in the Gulf
In response to the increasing harassment by Iran, the United States announced the
deployment of reinforcements to the Gulf. This move is aimed at addressing the
escalating tensions and ensuring the security of the Gulf waters, which account for a
significant portion of the world’s sea-borne oil trade.
Implications of the UAE’s Withdrawal
The UAE’s withdrawal from the CMF raises questions about its strategic calculations and
potential implications for the coalition’s effectiveness. The decision may have
ramifications on the overall security landscape in the Gulf waters, necessitating increased
cooperation among the remaining partner nations.
Centralised Laboratory Network (CLN)
India has recently become a member of the Centralized Laboratory Network (CLN), a
global collaboration aimed at testing vaccines during pandemic and epidemic disease
outbreaks. The CLN, which is part of the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations
(CEPI), consists of 15 partner facilities from 13 countries.
India’s Entry into the CLN
India, known for its expertise in medical research, has joined the Centralized Laboratory
Network. The Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Virology (ICMR-NIV)
is among the new members contributing to the global efforts in testing vaccines for
emerging infectious diseases.
Purpose of the CLN
The primary objective of the CLN is to conduct rigorous testing of potential vaccines
during pandemics and epidemic outbreaks. By establishing standardized methods and
materials, the CLN ensures that vaccine candidates are evaluated rapidly and accurately,
identifying the most promising options for further development.
Role within the CEPI
As part of the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI), the CLN plays a
crucial role in supporting CEPI’s mission to accelerate the development of vaccines
against emerging infectious diseases. By standardizing testing procedures, the CLN
facilitates efficient evaluation and comparison of vaccine candidates, aiding CEPI in
identifying the most viable options.
Expansion of the CLN
The KAVI Institute of Clinical Research (KAVI ICR) and the University of Nairobi Institute of
Tropical and Infectious Diseases (UNITID) from Kenya, as well as Synexa Life Sciences
from South Africa, are some of the other members of the CLN. This expansion enhances
the network’s global reach and expertise.
CEPI-Funded Network’s Objectives
The CEPI-funded network, which includes the CLN, has a dual focus. First, it aims to
identify vaccine candidates with the highest potential for combating emerging infectious
diseases. Second, the network supports the development of sustainable regional outbreak
preparedness infrastructure. By promoting collaboration and coordination, the network
strengthens global readiness to respond effectively to future outbreaks.
Trans-Exclusionary Radical Feminist
The Oxford Union talk featuring Dr Kathleen Stock, a gender-critical feminist academic,
was met with opposition and protests from trans-rights activists. Dr Stock, known for her
views on biological sex and gender identity, has been a prominent figure in discussions
surrounding feminism.
Understanding Gender-Critical Feminism
Gender-critical feminism, previously known as TERF, emphasizes the significance of
biological sex over gender identity. Dr Kathleen Stock, along with others aligned with this
school of thought, argues that recognizing gender identity undermines the fight for
women’s rights. They contend that women’s experiences and struggles are rooted in their
biological sex and cannot be separated from it.
The Origins and Perception of the Term TERF
Trans-Exclusionary Radical Feminist (TERF) emerged during the 1970s feminist movement
in the United States. Initially intended as a neutral description, the term has evolved and is
now widely regarded as derogatory and a slur. In response to its negative connotations,
the term gender-critical feminism is now preferred as a more acceptable way to refer to
this perspective.
Challenges and Criticisms
Activists argue that gender-critical feminists’ refusal to acknowledge gender as a
spectrum is a setback for the LGBTQIA+ movement. They assert that this rigid
understanding of sex can be weaponized to deny rights and access to policies for the
transgender community, while also increasing the potential for misogyny towards them.
Critics highlight that recognizing gender identity and the diverse experiences of
individuals does not diminish the fight for women’s rights but rather broadens the
understanding of gender issues.
Prominent Figures and Controversies
JK Rowling, the renowned author of the Harry Potter series, has expressed views aligned
with gender-critical feminism. Her stance has sparked controversy and debate, with some
praising her for defending women’s rights and others criticizing her for allegedly
excluding transgender individuals from feminist discourse.
Balancing Perspectives
The discussion surrounding gender-critical feminism and its relationship to transgender
rights is complex and multifaceted. It is important to approach these debates with an
understanding of the differing viewpoints and the potential impact on marginalized
communities. The discourse should strive for inclusivity, empathy, and a focus on human
rights.
Brazil’s Bill 490
Protests have broken out across Brazil in response to the approval of a new land bill by
the country’s Chamber of Deputies. The bill, known as Bill 490, imposes restrictions on the
recognition of ancestral land for indigenous people. This move has sparked outrage and
opposition from tribal communities and their supporters.
Approval of Bill 490
Bill 490 was approved by a vote of 283 to 155 in the Chamber of Deputies. This outcome
has heightened tensions and exacerbated the already existing disputes over land rights
and indigenous sovereignty in Brazil.
Land Recognition Condition
Under the new law, tribal people can only obtain recognition for land they have been
occupying since before the constitution of 1988. This condition restricts the ability of
indigenous communities to claim their ancestral lands, which they consider vital for their
cultural preservation and livelihoods.
Concerns Raised by Experts
Experts have raised several concerns regarding the new law. One major worry is the
increased vulnerability of tribal communities to land exploitation, deforestation, and
violence. By limiting land recognition, the legislation opens the door for land sharks and
natural resource exploration, potentially leading to further habitat loss and environmental
degradation.
Lack of Prior Consultation
Amazon Watch, a non-profit organization focused on rainforest and tribal rights, has
criticized the lack of prior consultation before the passage of the bill. They argue that the
absence of meaningful dialogue with indigenous communities violates international
standards and undermines the rights of indigenous peoples.
Ancestral Lands in the Amazon Rainforest
Most of the tribal territories considered ancestral lands are located in the Amazon
rainforest. These areas hold immense cultural and ecological significance for indigenous
communities, who act as stewards of the natural environment.
Global Criticism and Solidarity
The bill has faced criticism from the global community, which has expressed solidarity
with the affected tribes of Brazil. Many view the legislation as a violation of international
standards, including the International Labour Organization Convention 169 and the UN
Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples.
Ahmednagar District to be Named After Ahilyabai Holkar
Ahmednagar district in Maharashtra has recently undergone a significant change as it is
now known by a new name, Punyashlok Ahilya Devi Holkar.
Ahilyabai Holkar: A Symbol of Strength and Leadership
Ahilyabai Holkar, daughter of Mankoji Shinde, is a legendary figure known for her
indomitable spirit and exceptional leadership. Her life is an inspiration to many, and her
contributions have left an indelible mark on history.
The Journey of Ahilyabai Holkar
After marrying Khande Rao, the son of Malhar Rao Holkar, Ahilyabai’s life took a new turn.
Following her husband’s death, she took charge of the kingdom of Malwa. Ahilyabai’s rule
lasted for a remarkable thirty years, from 1765 to 1795. During her reign, she brought
about significant administrative and social reforms, leading to a period of prosperity and
order.
Ahilyabai Holkar and Temple Restoration
One of Ahilyabai Holkar’s notable contributions was her active involvement in the
restoration of Hindu temples. Her commitment to preserving and reviving ancient
religious sites is widely acknowledged. In 1783, she commissioned the construction of the
magnificent Somnath temple, which stands as a testament to her devotion and patronage.
The Renaming of Ahmednagar District
The decision to rename Ahmednagar district as Punyashlok Ahilya Devi Holkar signifies
the government’s desire to honor Ahilyabai’s legacy. By bestowing her name upon the
district, the government aims to elevate its status and pay homage to the remarkable
achievements of this extraordinary ruler.
Pfizer Inc's RSV Vaccine
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recently granted approval for Pfizer Inc’s
respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccine for older adults. This marks a significant
development in the fight against RSV, a common respiratory disease that poses a serious
threat to seniors.
Pfizer’s RSV Vaccine Approval
Pfizer Inc’s RSV vaccine has received the FDA’s approval, making it the second vaccine
authorized to combat this respiratory disease. This decision follows the prior approval of a
similar vaccine by GSK Plc, highlighting the efforts to provide effective preventive
measures against RSV.
Targeting Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)
The approved vaccine aims to provide protection against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV).
RSV is a common respiratory virus known to cause mild, cold-like symptoms in most cases.
However, it can lead to severe complications, especially for infants and older adults,
making vaccination crucial for this vulnerable population.
Recommended Age Group
Pfizer’s RSV vaccine is specifically approved for individuals aged 60 and older. This aligns
with the age group targeted by the previously approved vaccine developed by GSK Plc. By
focusing on this demographic, the vaccine aims to safeguard older adults who are at a
higher risk of experiencing severe RSV-related complications.
Protecting the Vulnerable
Infants and older adults are particularly susceptible to the severe effects of RSV. For this
reason, vaccination plays a crucial role in protecting these at-risk individuals. The FDA’s
approval of Pfizer’s RSV vaccine for older adults is a significant step in preventing serious
respiratory complications and potentially fatal outcomes.
India-EU Global Gateway Conference
The Ministry of External Affairs, the EU Delegation to India, and the Asian Confluence have
come together to organize the India-EU Connectivity Conference. This conference aims to
explore opportunities for boosting connectivity investments in India’s North Eastern
States and its neighboring countries.
Exploring Connectivity and Investment Potential
The India-EU Connectivity Conference, scheduled to take place in Meghalaya, marks an
important milestone in enhancing connectivity and building infrastructure. It is the
outcome of the India – EU Connectivity partnership that was launched in May 2021 during
the India – EU Leaders’ Meeting.
Focus on Digital, Energy, and Transport
The conference will revolve around three pillars: digital, energy, and transport. By
exploring opportunities in these areas, the conference aims to identify concrete projects
for joint implementation. This aligns with the priorities outlined in the EU Strategy for
Cooperation in the Indo-Pacific, which emphasizes sustainable and inclusive prosperity,
green transition, ocean governance, digital governance and partnerships, connectivity,
security and defense, and human security.
Leadership and Collaboration
Conrad Kongkal Sangma, Chief Minister of Meghalaya, and Rajkumar Ranjan Singh,
Minister of State for External Affairs, will lead the India-EU Connectivity Conference. The
involvement of senior officials from the Indian government, EU Commission, and
governments of Nepal, Bhutan, and Bangladesh reflects the commitment to fostering
regional collaboration and connectivity.
The Significance of the Global Gateway
The Global Gateway, an international investment project worth €300 billion, plays a central
role in the conference. The EU’s substantial financial commitment through various
instruments, such as the Neighbourhood, Development and International Cooperation
Instrument (NDICI)-Global Europe, InvestEU, and the European Fund for Sustainable
Development, demonstrates their determination to reshape global infrastructure projects.
Countering Challenges and Building Partnerships
One of the key challenges India faces in the Global Gateway initiative is the scale and
limitation of funding. However, the initiative presents an opportunity to align mutual
development goals, enhance transparency, and counter the problematic aspects of the
Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) implemented by China. India’s participation in the Global
Gateway would allow for planning and implementing large-scale projects in collaboration
with the consortium of EU countries.
The Road Ahead
While the Global Gateway initiative is still a work in progress, discussions during the India-
EU Connectivity Conference will help address key issues such as the financing mechanism.
The emphasis on connectivity, infrastructure building, and regional partnerships
underscores India’s commitment to economic diplomacy and
Canada’s Category-based Selection for Express Entry
Canada has recently introduced category-based selection draws for its Express Entry
candidates, aiming to prioritize individuals with strong French language proficiency or
work experience in key sectors. These new measures are expected to commence
implementation later this summer.
Addressing Labour Shortages
One of the primary reasons for introducing category-based selection draws is to address
the chronic labour shortages experienced by employers across the country. The selected
candidates will possess the necessary skills and expertise in sectors such as healthcare,
STEM professions, trades, transport, agriculture, and agri-food. By prioritizing candidates
with relevant work experience, Canada aims to fill vacant positions with qualified
individuals who can contribute to the country’s economic growth.
Promoting Language Proficiency
Another crucial aspect of the new selection draws is the emphasis on strong French
language proficiency. Canada recognizes the vitality of French-speaking communities and
aims to ensure their long-term viability. By selecting candidates proficient in French, the
government promotes linguistic diversity and inclusivity. This initiative is particularly
significant for minority communities outside Quebec, where French language prominence
can be enhanced through immigration.
Involvement of Various Stakeholders
The decision-making process behind the selection of these categories involved extensive
public consultation. Provinces, territories, industry members, unions, employers, workers,
worker advocacy groups, settlement provider organizations, and immigration researchers
and practitioners were all consulted to ensure a comprehensive and inclusive approach.
This collaborative effort ensures that the category-based selection draws reflect the needs
and aspirations of various stakeholders across the country.
Express Entry: A Gateway to Permanent Immigration
Express Entry serves as Canada’s flagship application management system for those
seeking to immigrate permanently. It encompasses several programs, including the
Federal Skilled Worker Program, the Federal Skilled Trades Program, the Canadian
Experience Class, and a portion of the Provincial Nominee Program. The implementation
of category-based selection draws within Express Entry strengthens the system’s
effectiveness in matching skilled workers with available opportunities.
Changes to the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act
In June 2022, the Government of Canada made crucial changes to the Immigration and
Refugee Protection Act, allowing the selection of immigrants based on key attributes.
These changes paved the way for the introduction of category-based selection draws,
prioritizing candidates with specific qualifications and language proficiency.
Currency Demand Paradox
The currency demand paradox, often referred to as the “paradox of banknotes,” is a
phenomenon where the value of banknotes in circulation increases despite a decline in
their use for payments. This intriguing trend has been observed in several nations since
2007, challenging the notion that digital payments would replace traditional cash
transactions. In India, despite the remarkable growth of retail digital payments, the
currency in circulation to GDP ratio peaked at 14.4% in 2020-21.
Exploring the Growth of Digital Payments
Retail digital payments in India have experienced impressive growth in both volume and
value. From 2016-17 to 2021-22, digital payments led by the Unified Payments Interface
(UPI) exhibited a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 50% in volume and 27% in
value. This substantial expansion highlights the increasing adoption of digital payment
modes in the country.
The Persistence of Cash Usage
The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) attributes the persistence of cash usage to various factors.
Firstly, the decline in opportunity costs, such as low-interest rates, makes holding physical
currency an attractive option for individuals. Secondly, precautionary holdings amid
economic uncertainty lead people to rely on cash as a secure store of value. Additionally,
the prevalence of a large informal economy contributes to the continued use of cash.
Finally, the government’s direct benefit transfers, which promote both cash and digital
modes, result in increased cash withdrawals.
The Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic
The Covid-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the currency demand paradox.
During the pandemic, the growth of currency in circulation surged due to precautionary
motives and the perception of cash as a safe asset in uncertain times. However, the
transactional use of cash has gradually been substituted by digital payment modes, which
offer convenience and contactless transactions.
Recent Trends and Growth Rates
Despite the pandemic-induced surge in cash demand, recent data suggests a turnaround.
For the week ending March 24, 2023, currency in circulation witnessed a year-on-year
growth rate of 7.8%, marking single-digit growth for 86 weeks (excluding April 2022) and
averaging at 8.5% overall. Meanwhile, digital payment modes have continued their strong
growth momentum, demonstrating the coexistence of cash and digital transactions.
Abnormality of Astrocytes and Alzheimer's Disease
Despite the availability of new drugs for treating early Alzheimer’s, predicting who will
eventually develop the disease remains a significant challenge. However, a recent study
has shed light on a potential solution. By analyzing blood tests that detect abnormal brain
cell activity, researchers have made progress in identifying individuals at risk of
developing symptomatic Alzheimer’s disease. This breakthrough has implications for both
predicting dementia and advancing research in Alzheimer’s prevention.
Unveiling Abnormal Astrocyte Activation
Blood tests in older people without dementia symptoms have the potential to identify
abnormal activation of astrocytes, a type of brain cell. Astrocytes play a crucial role in
protecting other brain cells from inflammation, damage, and dysfunction caused by
conditions like infection, stroke, trauma, and neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s.
The study highlighted that individuals who eventually developed symptomatic Alzheimer’s
had both amyloid buildup and abnormal astrocyte activation detected through blood
tests.
The Significance of the Study
The study examined over 1,000 cognitively unimpaired older individuals to uncover the
relationship between blood biomarkers and the development of Alzheimer’s disease. The
findings provide valuable insights into the early stages of the disease and offer a potential
method for identifying those at greater risk. By combining blood tests for astrocyte
reactivity with brain amyloid testing, researchers believe they can optimize the
identification of patients most likely to progress to Alzheimer’s disease.
Advancing Alzheimer’s Research
The results of this study hold great promise for the field of Alzheimer’s research. The
ability to identify individuals who are at risk of developing symptomatic Alzheimer’s can
significantly aid in selecting appropriate participants for clinical trials testing new
prevention drugs. By targeting individuals with both amyloid buildup and abnormal
astrocyte activation, researchers can focus on populations with a higher likelihood of
developing the disease. This targeted approach increases the chances of successful
clinical trials and accelerates the development of potential preventive treatments.
June 2, 2023
Treating Formation Water
The treatment of formation water, a byproduct of crude oil excavation and processing,
holds significant importance in preventing environmental pollution and promoting
sustainable practices. Scientists from the Institute of Advanced Study in Science and
Technology (IASST) have developed a groundbreaking mixture that offers a green
approach to effectively treat formation water.
Purpose: Treating Formation Water
The primary objective of the treatment mixture developed by scientists from IASST is to
treat formation water. This innovative solution aims to mitigate the environmental risks
associated with the disposal of formation water and promote safe and sustainable
practices.
Components: Plant-Based Biomaterial, Biosurfactant, and NPK Fertilizer
The treatment mixture consists of three key components: plant-based biomaterial,
biosurfactant, and NPK fertilizer. Plant-based biomaterials, biosurfactants derived from
microbial sources, and NPK fertilizer play essential roles in the efficient restoration of
formation water. These components work together to ensure the successful treatment of
formation water, contributing to environmental preservation.
Necessity of Formation Water Treatment
Formation water typically contains oily components, brine solutions, and solvents used in
the oil industry. If left untreated, the disposal of formation water can lead to the
degradation of water quality, posing a significant threat to aquatic life. Furthermore, the
consumption of fish and plants from contaminated sites can amplify the associated risks.
Treatment of formation water is crucial in preventing pollution and ensuring the safety
and sustainability of water resources.
Treatment Process and Environmental Benefits
To treat one liter of formation water, a mere 2.5 grams of the treatment formulation is
required. Within a span of 12 hours, the mixture effectively treats the formation water.
The treatment not only prevents environmental pollution but also offers the opportunity
to reuse the water, promoting a green revolution. Additionally, the treated water can be
utilized to enhance crop production, meeting the ever-growing food demand while
ensuring sustainable agricultural practices.
National Mission for Mentoring
In a constant effort to enhance the quality of education and support the growth of
teachers, the National Mission for Mentoring (NMM) was established. Recently, a capacity
building workshop was organized recently by the National Council for Teacher Education
(NCTE).
Continuous Professional Development through Mentoring
The primary purpose of the National Mission for Mentoring is to facilitate the continuous
professional development of school teachers through mentoring. Recognizing the
importance of ongoing support and guidance for educators, the NMM aims to create a
robust system of mentorship that empowers teachers to enhance their teaching practices
and overall effectiveness in the classroom.
The Pilot Launch of NMM
The NMM was launched in pilot mode on 29th July 2022. As part of this initial phase, a
select number of central schools were chosen to implement the program and provide
valuable insights for its future expansion and refinement.
Selection of Central Schools
A total of 30 central schools were selected to participate in the pilot mode of NMM. Among
these, 15 Kendriya Vidyalayas (KVs), 10 Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalayas (JNVs), and 5 Central
Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) affiliated schools were included. This diverse
selection ensured representation from different educational institutions and backgrounds.
Launch and Capacity Building Workshop
The National Council for Teacher Education (NCTE) played a pivotal role in launching the
NMM in pilot mode. As part of the launch, a two-day capacity building workshop was
organized by the NCTE. The objective of the workshop was to provide quality professional
support to teachers and equip them with the necessary mentoring skills to excel in their
roles.
Responsibility of Teachers in Successful Mentoring Sessions
Teachers themselves play a crucial role in conducting successful mentoring sessions using
the NMM Web Portal. By actively engaging with the platform and leveraging the available
resources, teachers can foster a culture of continuous learning and improvement. The
NMM Web Portal serves as a valuable tool for teachers to seek guidance, share best
practices, and reflect on their teaching methodologies.
Expert Mentors Onboarded
To ensure the effectiveness of the NMM, 60 outstanding professionals with expertise in
various domains were onboarded as mentors. These mentors possess specialized
knowledge and skills in areas such as instructional leadership, digital education, socio-
emotional learning, inclusive education, professionalism and ethics, classroom
management, and more. Their collective expertise provides teachers with a diverse range
of support and guidance tailored to their individual needs.
Swachh Jal Se Suraksha Campaign Report
The Union Minister for Jal Shakti recently unveiled the report detailing the advancements
made during the Jal Jeevan Mission: Swachh Jal se Suraksha (SJSS) Campaign. The
campaign took place between 2nd October, 2022, and 31st March, 2023, with the primary
objective of urging the States and Union Territories (UTs) to prioritize and actively engage
in water quality monitoring and surveillance endeavors.
Key Considerations under JJM
The Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM) focused on the crucial aspect of providing a safe water supply.
The key considerations under JJM revolved around the “Supply of Safe Water.” This
underscored the importance of ensuring that every household receives water that is free
from contamination and meets the prescribed quality standards.
Water Quality Testing in Villages
One of the significant achievements of the SJSS Campaign was the extensive water quality
testing conducted in villages. A remarkable 5.39 lakh villages, accounting for 89.69% of the
total, reported testing for chemical parameters, while 4.47 lakh villages (74.46%)
underwent testing for bacteriological contamination, particularly post monsoon.
Drinking Water Samples Testing in Schools and Anganwadi Centres
In an effort to promote safe water consumption among children, the SJSS Campaign
emphasized the testing of drinking water samples in schools and anganwadi centres. A
total of 6.58 lakh schools (67.63%) and 7.16 lakh anganwadi centres (67.43%) had their
water samples tested, ensuring the provision of safe drinking water to young learners.
Training of Women for Water Quality Testing
Empowering women as change agents, the campaign focused on training them for water
quality testing. A staggering 21.80 lakh women were trained from 4.59 lakh villages
(76.41%) to use Field Testing Kits (FTKs) effectively. This initiative aimed to enhance the
participation of women in monitoring and ensuring the quality of water supply.
Remedial Action and Best Performing States
An impressive 90.34% of the contaminated samples reported during the campaign
underwent remedial action, reflecting the commitment of stakeholders to address water
quality issues promptly.
The performance of states and Union Territories (UTs) was also assessed during the
campaign. Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, and Madhya Pradesh emerged as the
best performing states, showcasing their dedication and effectiveness in implementing
the SJSS Campaign.
Unified Registration Portal for GOBARdhan
The Union Minister for Jal Shakti recently unveiled the unified registration portal for
‘GOBARdhan,’ a pioneering initiative aimed at promoting the biogas sector in India.
Launch of Unified Registration Portal
The unified registration portal for ‘GOBARdhan’ serves as a centralized platform to
evaluate investment opportunities and participation in the biogas or compressed biogas
(CBG) sector. The main objective is to simplify and optimize the procedure of establishing
biogas plants throughout the nation.
Registration for Government, Cooperative, and Private Entities
The unified registration portal allows any government, cooperative, or private entity
operating or intending to establish a biogas, CBG, or Bio CNG plant in India to obtain a
unique registration number. This registration number serves as a key identifier for entities
involved in the biogas sector, facilitating their engagement and access to various benefits
and support from the ministries and departments of the Government of India.
Objective of the GOBARdhan Initiative
At the heart of the GOBARdhan initiative lies the objective to convert waste into wealth
and energy. By harnessing the potential of organic waste materials such as cattle dung,
agri residue, and other bio waste, the initiative aims to generate biogas, CBG, and bio
fertilizers. It aligns with the principles of a circular economy, driving sustainable economic
growth and promoting environmental stewardship.
Scope and Implementation
The GOBARdhan initiative encompasses a wide range of schemes and programs under
different ministries and departments. These include the Waste to Energy Scheme, the
Sustainable Alternative Towards Affordable Transportation (SATAT) scheme, the Swachh
Bharat Mission (Gramin) Phase II, the Agri Infrastructure Fund, and the Animal Husbandry
Infrastructure Development Fund. The comprehensive approach ensures collaboration
and coordination among diverse stakeholders, including state governments, the private
sector, entrepreneurs, and societies.
Prerequisite for Benefits and Support
To avail benefits and support from central government schemes and programs,
registering new projects on the unified registration portal is a prerequisite. This
requirement ensures that entities participating in the biogas sector can access the
available assistance and incentives provided by the government, maximizing the impact of
their initiatives.
Promotion of Circular Economy and Sustainable Economic Growth
The GOBARdhan initiative plays a pivotal role in promoting a circular economy, where
waste materials are transformed into valuable resources. By converting organic waste into
biogas, CBG, and bio fertilizers, the initiative addresses waste management challenges
while contributing to sustainable economic growth. It aligns with the government’s vision
of fostering environmental sustainability and resource efficiency.
Eligible Outputs under GOBARdhan
Under the ambit of GOBARdhan, any plant or project producing CBG/Biogas (more than
10 cuM/day) and bio slurry as principal outputs is eligible for participation. This
inclusiveness encourages a diverse range of stakeholders to engage in the initiative and
contribute to the sustainable development of the biogas sector.
Phukot Karnali Hydro Electric Project
In a significant collaboration, the National Hydroelectric Power Corporation (NHPC) and
Vidhyut Utpadan Company (VUCL) have signed an initial pact for the development of the
Phukot Karnali hydroelectric project.
Project Capacity and Annual Generation
The Phukot Karnali Hydro Electric Project is expected to have an installed capacity of 480
MW. This substantial capacity will enable the generation of approximately 2,448 GWh of
electricity annually. The project aims to leverage the flow of the Karnali River to harness
hydroelectric power and contribute to the energy needs of the region.
Key Features of the Project
The Phukot Karnali project encompasses several key features that are essential for its
successful operation. These include a 109-metre-high RCC dam, an underground
powerhouse, and the installation of 6 turbines, each with a capacity of 79 MW.
Additionally, the project plans to include a Surface Power House with a capacity of 6 MW,
utilizing minimum environmental release and comprising two machines of 3 MW each.
Peaking Run-of-River Scheme
The Phukot Karnali project is designed as a Peaking Run-of-River (PRoR) type scheme. This
scheme allows for the optimal utilization of river flow variations by storing water during
high-flow periods and releasing it during peak demand periods. This ensures a stable and
reliable power supply while minimizing the impact on the river’s ecosystem.
Utilization of the Karnali River
The power generation of the Phukot Karnali project will be facilitated by the flow of the
Karnali River. By utilizing the river’s water resources, the project aims to contribute to
sustainable energy production and address the growing electricity demand in the region.
NHPC and VUCL: Roles and Status
NHPC, a premier government enterprise with ‘Miniratna’ status, holds expertise in the
development of hydropower projects. On the contrary, VUCL holds the responsibility for
the development, construction, ownership, and operation of significant hydropower
projects in Nepal, operating within a model of collaboration between the public and
private sectors. Together, NHPC and VUCL aim to drive the development of the Phukot
Karnali hydroelectric project and strengthen the power sector cooperation between India
and Nepal.
Additional Disclosure Norms for “High-Risk” FPIs
The Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) has recently released a consultation
paper aimed at strengthening investor protection and promoting transparency in the
Indian securities market. It recently unveiled a consultative paper that called for
mandatory additional disclosure norms from high-risk foreign portfolio investors that
either have a significant overall holdings and/or concentrated single group of exposures
in India equity portfolio.
Categorization of FPIs
The consultation paper proposes categorizing FPIs into three risk categories: high,
moderate, and low risk. All FPIs, except for government and government-related entities
such as central banks, sovereign wealth funds, and pension funds or public retail funds,
would fall under the high-risk category. This categorization aims to identify FPIs that may
pose higher risks due to their concentrated holdings or overall equity market exposure.
Trigger for Enhanced Transparency Measures
The need for enhanced transparency measures for certain high-risk FPIs was prompted by
allegations made by a US-based short seller regarding significant stakes held by some
FPIs in companies of the Adani Group. To address such concerns and prevent
circumvention of regulatory requirements, SEBI proposes additional disclosure norms to
fully identify all holders of ownership, economic, and control rights for these high-risk
FPIs.
Disclosure Requirements for High-Risk FPIs
The consultation paper mandates enhanced disclosure requirements for high-risk FPIs
with concentrated holdings. These FPIs, holding more than 50% of their equity Asset
Under Management (AUM) in a single corporate group, would be required to comply with
the proposed norms. Additionally, existing high-risk FPIs with an overall holding in Indian
equity markets exceeding Rs 25,000 crore would also need to adhere to the new disclosure
requirements.
Impact on FPIs and Compliance Timeline
The proposed norms specifically target high-risk FPIs and will not affect low-risk and
moderate-risk FPIs. High-risk FPIs are expected to comply with the new disclosure
requirements within 6 months. Failure to do so would require these FPIs to bring down
their AUM below the specified threshold within a stipulated timeframe.
NICE Endorses Rimegepant
Migraine is a debilitating neurological disorder affecting millions of people worldwide. In
England, approximately 5.6 million individuals experience episodic migraines, with a
staggering 190,000 migraine attacks occurring daily. To address the challenges faced by
migraine sufferers, the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (Nice) has
endorsed rimegepant, also known as Vydura, as a preventive treatment. However, while
the approval has been welcomed, charities have expressed disappointment regarding its
limited use for acute cases of migraines.
Endorsement by Nice and Eligibility Criteria
The regulatory body, Nice, has given its endorsement for rimegepant to be made available
on the NHS for migraine sufferers in England. To be eligible for this medication, adults
must have experienced failure with at least three previous preventive treatments,
highlighting the importance of finding effective solutions for those who have not
responded to conventional therapies.
A Convenient Oral Medication
Rimegepant stands out as the first oral medication specifically recommended by Nice for
preventing migraines. It offers a convenient form of treatment through a dissolvable
wafer placed under the tongue. This innovative delivery method provides an alternative to
injections and promises greater convenience and ease of administration for migraine
sufferers.
Understanding the Mechanism of Rimegepant
Rimegepant works by blocking calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), a protein
responsible for causing intense inflammation and severe pain during migraine attacks. By
preventing CGRP from binding to its targets in the brain, rimegepant effectively reduces
the severity and frequency of migraines, offering hope for individuals affected by this
neurological disorder.
Current Treatment Options and Disappointment
Migraine treatment typically involves a combination of acute and preventive approaches.
Commonly used medications include beta-blockers, antidepressants, and epilepsy
medications. However, these options may not be effective for everyone and can have
significant side effects. This makes the endorsement of rimegepant particularly significant,
offering a new preventive treatment option for those who have not responded to
conventional therapies.
However, charities have expressed disappointment that rimegepant has not been
approved for the acute treatment of migraines. They emphasize the importance of
effective treatment to prevent medication overuse headaches, which can occur when
migraine treatment is ineffective or inadequate.
Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV)
Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) has become a cause for concern as cases of COVID-19
and RSV decline.
Understanding HMPV
HMPV, short for Human Metapneumovirus, is a respiratory virus that has gained attention
due to its prevalence and impact. In March, 11% of PCR tests and 20% of antigen tests for
HMPV in the US yielded positive results. This reflects a significant increase of 36%
compared to pre-pandemic levels, indicating its potential as a respiratory threat.
Positivity Rates and Seasonality
According to a report from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC),
positivity rates for HMPV tend to decrease during warmer months, aligning with the
patterns observed with flu and colds. In April 2023, the Antigen detection rate for HMPV
was 19.395, whereas the PCR detection rate was 10.368. However, these rates declined
significantly by May 20, 2023, with the Antigen detection rate at 0.000 and the PCR
detection rate at 2.558.
Symptoms and Severity
HMPV primarily affects the upper respiratory tract, leading to symptoms such as nasal
congestion, cough, shortness of breath, and fever. Although HMPV is generally a mild
respiratory virus, it can pose a serious risk to vulnerable populations, including older
adults, young children, and individuals with weakened immune systems. Severe cases of
HMPV can result in bronchitis or pneumonia, necessitating intensive care.
Treatment and Vaccine
Currently, there is no specific vaccine available to prevent HMPV infection. Medical
treatment for HMPV remains limited to supportive care, focusing on alleviating symptoms
and ensuring proper breathing. Severe cases may require intensive care, but most
individuals with HMPV recover on their own, similar to other respiratory infections.
June 3, 2023
Law Commission’s Report on Sedition Law
The Law Commission of India has recently proposed key amendments to the law of
sedition, aiming to prevent alleged misuse while ensuring clarity and safeguarding
constitutional rights. Let’s delve into the details of these proposed changes and their
potential impact.
Background
Under the guidance of Ritu Raj Awasthi, the former Chief Justice of Karnataka High Court,
the Law Commission of India has been entrusted with addressing concerns related to the
law of sedition. The issue was referred to the Commission by the home ministry in 2016,
sparking a comprehensive review of the existing provisions.
Understanding the Current Law
Section 124A of the Indian Penal Code (IPC) currently defines sedition as a crime
punishable by life imprisonment or imprisonment of up to three years, along with a fine.
This provision has faced criticism for granting courts wide discretionary powers in
determining the severity of punishment, potentially leading to arbitrary decisions.
Supreme Court Intervention
Last year, in response to concerns about potential misuse of the sedition law, the Supreme
Court temporarily stayed its operation. Former Chief Justice of India, N V Ramana,
expressed apprehensions regarding the law’s application. However, in 1962, the Supreme
Court’s landmark ruling in the Kedarnath Singh case upheld the constitutional validity of
Section 124A, narrowing its scope to those who incite violence.
Proposed Amendments for Clarity
To address the ambiguities surrounding sedition, the Law Commission recommends
incorporating the ratio decidendi of the Kedarnath Singh ruling. This inclusion would bring
greater clarity to the interpretation and application of the provision. By doing so, the
proposed amendments aim to strike a balance between safeguarding fundamental rights
and maintaining social harmony.
Punishment Parity and Safeguards
The Commission further suggests amending the punishment under Section 124A to
ensure parity with other offenses under Chapter VI of the IPC. This move would help avoid
discrepancies in the severity of punishments handed down for similar offenses.
Additionally, to curb potential misuse, the Commission advocates for the issuance of
model guidelines by the Central Government, providing a framework to prevent arbitrary
use of the sedition law.
Procedural Safeguards
Incorporating a provision analogous to Section 196(3) of the Code of Criminal Procedure
(CrPC) is also recommended as a procedural safeguard. This provision would introduce
necessary checks and balances before the filing of a First Information Report (FIR)
concerning an offense under Section 124A of the IPC.
PM SVANidhi Mobile App
The PM SVANidhi scheme, launched by the Central government, has provided crucial
support to street vendors in India during the challenging times brought on by the
pandemic. Recently, the government unveiled a mobile app specifically designed for street
vendors to ease their loan application process.
Launching the Mobile App: A Game-Changer
The mobile app for street vendors under the PM SVANidhi scheme was launched recently,
providing vendors with a user-friendly platform to apply for loans conveniently. By
streamlining the loan application process, the app eliminates unnecessary paperwork and
administrative complexities, ensuring a smooth and efficient experience for street vendors
seeking financial assistance.
Aiding Street Vendors During Economic Stress
The primary objective of the PM SVANidhi scheme is to provide handholding support to
street vendors during pandemic-induced economic stress. Recognizing the vital role
played by street vendors in the informal economy, the scheme offers a working capital
collateral-free loan of ₹10,000. This financial lifeline enables vendors to meet their
immediate business needs and sustain their livelihoods during uncertain times.
Interest Subsidy: Alleviating Financial Burdens
One of the notable features of the PM SVANidhi scheme is the provision of a 7% interest
subsidy. This subsidy significantly reduces the financial burden on street vendors, making
it easier for them to repay their loans. With subsequent loans of ₹20,000 and ₹50,000 also
available, street vendors have access to increased financial resources that can help them
expand and stabilize their businesses.
Udyam Registration Certificate: Promoting Formalization
The Udyam Registration Certificate, launched in collaboration with the Ministry of Small
and Medium Enterprises, plays a crucial role in promoting the formalization of street
vendors’ businesses. This certificate simplifies the process of registering a business and
provides street vendors with numerous benefits. By obtaining the certificate, vendors gain
access to various government schemes and credit facilities, opening doors to greater
opportunities and growth.
Recognizing Exceptional Performance
The PM SVANidhi scheme has witnessed exceptional performance by several lending
institutions and states. Recently, Union Housing and Urban Affairs Minister Hardeep Puri
felicitated institutions such as the State Bank of India, Bank of Baroda, Union Bank of
India, and Andhra Pradesh Grameen Vikas Bank for their remarkable contributions. Their
support and dedication have played a pivotal role in ensuring the success of the scheme
and reaching out to street vendors in need.
Impact and Achievements
As of June 30, 2023, the PM SVANidhi scheme has sanctioned an impressive 48.5 lakh loan
applications, with over 46.4 lakh loans disbursed to street vendors across India. This
amounts to a total loan disbursal of ₹5,795 crore, providing much-needed financial
stability and empowerment to street vendors. Moreover, the scheme has positively
impacted the lives of more than 36 lakh street vendors, offering them the opportunity to
sustain and grow their businesses in a challenging economic landscape.
Desiccation-Tolerant Vascular Plant Species
The Western Ghats, known as India’s biodiversity hotspot, harbors an impressive
assortment of Vascular Plant Species that exhibit an exceptional trait known as
Desiccation-Tolerance (DT). These extraordinary plants have the remarkable capacity to
endure severe dehydration, withstanding the loss of up to 95% of their water content, and
miraculously recovering once water resources become accessible.
Exploring the Resilience of Desiccation-Tolerant Plants
Desiccation-Tolerant plants have the remarkable capacity to survive in harsh, arid
environments where most other plants would perish. Their ability to endure extreme
dehydration sets them apart. They can lose an astounding amount of water and bounce
back to life once water resources replenish. This unique adaptation enables them to thrive
in arid landscapes, making them an intriguing subject of study.
Western Ghats: An Understudied Treasure Trove
The Western Ghats region in India has remained relatively understudied when it comes to
Desiccation-Tolerant plants. Despite the prevalence of rock outcrops, which are common
landscapes in the Western Ghats, knowledge about these remarkable species in the
region has been limited. However, a recent study conducted by scientists from the
Agharkar Research Institute in Pune has shed light on the abundance and diversity of DT
plants in the Western Ghats.
Discovering the Diversity: A Plethora of Species
The study conducted by the researchers revealed that the Western Ghats is home to an
impressive 62 Desiccation-Tolerant Vascular Plant Species. This number far surpasses the
previously known nine species, highlighting the rich biodiversity of DT plants in the region.
Moreover, out of the 62 species identified, 16 are endemic to India, emphasizing the
uniqueness of these plants within the country. Additionally, 12 species are exclusively
found in the Western Ghats, showcasing the region’s significance as a global hotspot for
DT plants.
Unveiling Crucial Habitats: Beyond Rock Outcrops
While rock outcrops are known to be vital habitats for DT plants in the Western Ghats, the
study uncovered another crucial habitat for these species—tree trunks in partially shaded
forests. This discovery expands our understanding of the diverse ecological niches that DT
plants occupy, further emphasizing their adaptability and resilience.
Promising Applications for Agriculture
The research on Desiccation-Tolerant plants in the Western Ghats holds promising
implications for agriculture, particularly in areas with limited water resources.
Understanding the mechanisms by which DT plants tolerate dehydration could potentially
lead to the development of crops that are more drought-resistant and require less water.
By harnessing the knowledge gained from these unique plants, researchers can
contribute to sustainable agricultural practices and the mitigation of water scarcity
challenges.
Reconstructing the Face of King Tutankhamun
The ancient pharaohs of Egypt have long fascinated the world with their rich history and
enigmatic personas. King Tutankhamun, a prominent figure in ancient Egyptian
civilization, has captured the imagination of historians and archaeologists for centuries.
Recently, scientists embarked on a groundbreaking study to reconstruct the face of this
legendary pharaoh after 3,300 years.
The Remarkable Reconstruction
A recent study published in the Italian Journal of Anatomy and Embryology has unveiled
the reconstructed face of King Tutankhamun. Collaborating teams from Australia, Italy,
and Brazil worked diligently to recreate the visage of this ancient pharaoh. Using a digital
model of his mummified skull, the researchers employed advanced techniques to breathe
life into the face of Tutankhamun, offering a glimpse of how he may have appeared
during his reign.
Overcoming Challenges: The Missing Puzzle Pieces
Reconstructing King Tutankhamun’s face presented a unique set of challenges for the
research team. The lack of direct access to the pharaoh’s head made the task incredibly
demanding. However, the researchers successfully utilized prior studies’ documents,
which included valuable references to skull measurements and photographs of King
Tutankhamun. Through meticulous detective work, they pieced together these fragments
of information to create a three-dimensional model of the pharaoh’s skull.
Tutankhamun’s Historical Legacy
Tutankhamun’s reign, which began when he ascended to the throne around the age of
nine, was brief but eventful. As a part of the 18th Dynasty of ancient Egypt, he
accomplished significant milestones during his short life. Tutankhamun’s historical legacy
is closely intertwined with Egypt’s rich heritage and serves as a testament to the power
and influence of pharaohs in the ancient world.
The Ramses II Sarcophagus: A Separate Revelation
In a separate unveiling, the sarcophagus of another renowned pharaoh, Ramses II,
captured the attention of the public. The ornate coffin, considered exceptional in its
craftsmanship, was displayed in Paris after being transported from Egypt. The loan of the
sarcophagus to France is a result of unprecedented cooperation between the two
countries, recognizing the assistance provided by French scientists in preserving the
mummy of Ramses II during a previous visit.
Ambulator Discovered in Australia
In a remarkable discovery, Flinders University palaeontologists have unveiled a new group
of ancient marsupials named Ambulator, meaning “walker or wanderer.” These
fascinating creatures roamed Australia’s parched interior approximately 3.5 million years
ago. The study, published in the Italian Journal of Anatomy and Embryology, sheds light
on the unique leg and foot characteristics of Ambulator, enabling them to cover vast
distances.
Unveiling the Ambulator
The Ambulator marsupials, discovered by Flinders University palaeontologists, showcase
distinctive leg and foot characteristics that allowed them to easily navigate and traverse
long distances. Their ability to move across the vast expanse of Australia’s interior is a
testament to their adaptation and survival in challenging environments.
The Remarkable Skeleton Discovery
The incomplete skeleton of Ambulator keanei was unearthed at the Kalamurina Sanctuary
of the Australian Wildlife Conservancy in north-eastern South Australia. What makes this
discovery particularly intriguing is the remarkable preservation of the foot. The foot of the
Ambulator specimen was encased in concretion, a rock that formed shortly after death.
This exceptional preservation provided an invaluable opportunity for researchers to delve
into the details of the animal’s footpad.
Revealing the Secrets through CT Scanning
The rock encasing the foot of Ambulator was subjected to CT scanning, enabling scientists
to explore the soft tissue imprints preserved within. These imprints offered crucial insights
into the nature of the animal’s footpad, helping to reconstruct its locomotion and
movement patterns. Such detailed information provides a window into the ancient
marsupial’s world and enhances our understanding of their adaptation to different
terrains.
Digitigrades: A Key Locomotion Adaptation
Ambulator’s leg and foot characteristics align with the locomotion style exhibited by many
contemporary herbivores, including elephants and rhinoceroses. Known as digitigrades,
these animals walk on the tips of their toes rather than their heels. This adaptation is
believed to have evolved during a period when Australia’s climate became drier, and
grasslands and open habitats expanded. Efficient locomotion was crucial for survival in
the changing landscape.
Ambulator and the Diprotodontids
Ambulator belongs to the family Diprotodontids, a diverse group of giant marsupial
herbivores that played a significant role in Australian ecosystems until their extinction
around 40,000 years ago. The diprotodontids encompassed a wide range of species,
including the colossal Diprotodon, the largest known marsupial to have lived. These
marsupials exhibited remarkable adaptations, from climbing abilities to unique dental
structures.
The Distinction: Ambulator keanei
Ambulator keanei, originally thought to be part of the Zygomaturus genus, was identified
as a distinct species due to its slender skull and smaller cheek muscles. While the teeth
bore similarities to Zygomaturus, the unique cranial features warranted its placement in a
separate genus. This discovery highlights the importance of meticulous analysis and
careful examination to discern the subtle differences between ancient marsupial species.
Training Launch of Agni-1 Ballistic Missile
India continues to make significant strides in bolstering its strategic defense capabilities
through successful missile launches. The recent training launch of the Agni-1 missile by
the Strategic Forces Command from APJ Abdul Kalam Island in Odisha stands as a
testament to the country’s commitment to precision and technological advancements.
The Successful Agni-1 Training Launch
India achieved yet another milestone with the successful training launch of the Agni-1
missile from APJ Abdul Kalam Island in Odisha. The missile launch, conducted by the
Strategic Forces Command, successfully verified and confirmed the operational and
technical aspects of the missile. With the ability to strike targets with a remarkable degree
of precision, the Agni-1 missile showcased its effectiveness and showcased India’s
dedication to enhancing its strategic deterrent capability.
Agni-V: Pushing Boundaries
Among India’s notable missile achievements is the Agni-V, which was successfully test-
fired with a range of up to 5,000 km. This long-range ballistic missile further solidifies
India’s position in the realm of missile technology and adds to its strategic defense
capabilities. The Agni-V’s impressive range enables it to target distant locations,
enhancing India’s deterrence capabilities and bolstering national security.
The Ranges of Agni 1 to 4 Missiles
India’s missile arsenal includes the Agni 1 to 4 missiles, each with distinct ranges. The Agni
1 missile has a range of 700 km, while the Agni 2 extends to 2,000 km. The Agni 3 covers a
range of 3,000 km, and the Agni 4 has an impressive range of 3,500 km. This range
diversity allows India to address varying strategic requirements and ensures
comprehensive coverage in different scenarios.
The Maiden Flight Trial of the Endo-Atmospheric Interceptor Missile
In April, India achieved a significant milestone with the successful maiden flight trial of an
endo-atmospheric interceptor missile. The trial took place off the coast of Odisha in the
Bay of Bengal. The primary objective of this sea-based missile trial was to engage and
neutralize a hostile ballistic missile threat. This achievement signifies India’s growing
capabilities in ballistic missile defense and places the country among an elite club of
nations possessing such prowess.
Strengthening Strategic Capabilities
India’s consistent focus on developing and enhancing its strategic deterrent capability
highlights its commitment to national security and defense preparedness. The successful
missile launches, including the Agni series and the endo-atmospheric interceptor missile,
demonstrate India’s dedication to refining its defense systems and keeping pace with
evolving challenges.
Helmand River Dispute
Iran and Afghanistan have been involved in a longstanding conflict concerning the
distribution of water resources from the Helmand River. Recent events, including clashes
between Iranian and Taliban troops along the border, have further escalated tensions
between the two countries.
The Helmand River’s Importance
The Helmand River serves as a crucial water source for both Afghanistan and Iran,
supporting agriculture, livelihoods, and ecosystems in the region. Originating near Kabul
in the Hindu Kush mountain range, the river flows for approximately 1,150 kilometers (715
miles) before emptying into Lake Hamun, which straddles the Afghanistan-Iran border.
Lake Hamun’s Struggles
Unfortunately, Lake Hamun, once the largest freshwater lake in Iran, has suffered
immensely over time. Factors such as drought and the impact of dams and water controls
have caused the lake to dry up, resulting in severe environmental and economic
consequences for the region.
The Helmand River Treaty and Disagreements
To regulate the allocation of river water, Iran and Afghanistan signed the Helmand River
Treaty in 1973. However, the accord was not fully implemented, leading to ongoing
disagreements and tensions. Iran has accused Afghanistan of violating its water rights,
claiming that it receives significantly less water than agreed upon in the treaty.
Afghanistan, on the other hand, attributes the reduced river water volumes to climatic
factors such as decreased rainfall.
Tehran-Taliban Relations
Iran and the Taliban have a complex relationship. While Tehran had cultivated good ties
with the Taliban before their takeover of Kabul in 2021, incidents at the border have
strained their interactions. The Taliban’s unwillingness to honor agreements regarding
water rights has added to the tensions. The sustainable resolution of the water dispute
requires closer collaboration and information sharing between officials and experts from
both countries.
Salt Cavern-based Oil Storage Facility
Engineers India (EIL), a government-owned engineering consultancy firm, is conducting a
study in Rajasthan to assess the potential and feasibility of establishing salt cavern-based
strategic oil reserves. This initiative aligns with the Indian government’s objective of
enhancing the country’s strategic oil storage capacity. If successful, it would mark India’s
first salt cavern-based oil storage facility, complementing the existing three strategic oil
storage facilities in Mangaluru, Padur, and Visakhapatnam.
Understanding the Importance of Strategic Crude Oil Reserves
Countries develop strategic crude oil reserves to mitigate major disruptions in the global
supply chain. With India being the world’s third-largest consumer of crude oil, relying on
imports for more than 85% of its requirements, strategic petroleum reserves (SPRs) play a
crucial role in ensuring energy security and availability during global supply shocks and
emergencies.
The Current Strategic Oil Storage Capacity in India
India’s existing strategic oil reserves have a capacity of 5.33 million tonnes, equivalent to
approximately 39 million barrels of crude. This capacity can sustain the country’s demand
for approximately 9.5 days. To further strengthen the SPR, India is expanding its storage
capacity by a cumulative 6.5 million tonnes at two locations: Chandikhol in Odisha (4
million tonnes) and Padur (2.5 million tonnes).
Advantages of Salt Cavern-Based Storage Facilities
Salt cavern-based storage facilities offer distinct advantages compared to rock cavern-
based storage. Unlike rock caverns that require excavation, salt caverns are created
through solution mining, a simpler, faster, and less cost-intensive process. These facilities
are naturally well-sealed, enabling rapid injection and extraction of oil. The salt lining
inside the caverns acts as an impermeable barrier against liquid and gaseous
hydrocarbons, making them ideal for storage. Additionally, salt cavern-based storage can
be predominantly operated from the surface, further streamlining operations.
Success Story: The United States’ Strategic Petroleum Reserve
The United States has established the world’s largest emergency oil storage, the Strategic
Petroleum Reserve (SPR). It relies on salt cavern-based storage facilities located in salt
domes along the Gulf of Mexico coast in Texas and Louisiana. With a cumulative capacity
of approximately 727 million barrels, the US SPR serves as a model for successful salt
cavern-based strategic oil reserves.
The Potential of Rajasthan for Salt Cavern-Based Storage
Rajasthan, endowed with ample salt formations, offers favorable conditions for the
development of salt cavern-based strategic storage facilities. Previous attempts to build a
strategic oil reserve in Bikaner did not materialize. However, the partnership between EIL
and Germany’s DEEP.KBB GmbH has bridged the technical expertise gap required for salt
cavern-based storage. With the upcoming refinery in Barmer and existing crude pipelines,
Rajasthan’s infrastructure is conducive to the establishment of strategic oil reserves.
GPS Aided GEO Augmented Navigation
In the ever-evolving world of aviation, technological advancements play a crucial role in
ensuring safety, accuracy, and efficiency. One such groundbreaking innovation is the GPS
Aided GEO Augmented Navigation (GAGAN) system. Developed jointly by the Indian Space
Research Organisation (ISRO) and the Airports Authority of India (AAI), GAGAN has
transformed the way aircraft navigate the skies. Using GAGAN satellite technology, India
successfully carried out the first-ever performance-based navigation demonstration for
helicopters in Asia, with a flight from Juhu in Mumbai to Pune.
Introduction to GAGAN
GAGAN, an acronym for GPS Aided GEO Augmented Navigation, is an Indian Satellite-
Based Augmentation System (SBAS). It was certified by the Directorate General of Civil
Aviation (DGCA) in 2015, marking a significant milestone for the Indian aviation sector.
Notably, only four space-based augmentation systems exist worldwide, with GAGAN being
the first developed for India and neighboring countries in the equatorial region.
Unveiling the Advantages
GAGAN extends its benefits beyond aviation, offering advantages to various
transportation modes and public services. It enhances the accuracy, availability, and
integrity of the GPS system, enabling users to rely on GPS for all phases of flight, from en
route to approach, within the GAGAN service volume. Moreover, GAGAN enhances
precision in reporting the aircraft’s position, thereby making a valuable contribution to
maintaining superior Air Traffic Management (ATM). This technology also has applications
in maritime, railroads, highways, defense services, the telecom industry, security agencies,
and personal position location applications.
Working of GAGAN
At the heart of GAGAN lies a network of ground stations strategically positioned across the
country. These ground reference stations, known as Indian Reference Stations (INRES),
collect GPS satellite data. The collected information is then utilized by the Indian Master
Control Centre (INMCC) to generate correction messages that rectify any signal errors.
Subsequently, these correction messages are uplinked through the Indian Land Uplink
Station (INLUS) and broadcast to aircraft receivers via communication satellites operating
on the same frequency as GPS.
Application in Aviation Operations
The GAGAN system supports two crucial types of operations: Approach with Vertical
Guidance (APV 1) and en-route (RNP 0.1). APV 1 enables precise approaches, providing
vertical guidance to pilots during landing procedures. The en-route operation, known as
Required Navigation Performance (RNP) 0.1, ensures accurate navigation during the
aircraft’s flight between airports.
Paving the Way for Future Innovation
With its exceptional capabilities, GAGAN has proven to be a game-changer in the field of
air navigation services. It has provided enhanced accuracy, integrity, and availability for
positioning, navigation, and timing information, revolutionizing the Indian aviation sector.
As GAGAN continues to evolve and demonstrate its effectiveness, it sets the stage for
future innovations and advancements in aviation technology.
UGC (Institutions Deemed to be Universities) Regulations, 2023
The Centre has recently released the UGC (Institutions deemed to be Universities)
Regulations, 2023, bringing about significant changes in the eligibility criteria for
institutions aspiring to be deemed universities. These revised guidelines aim to establish
more quality-focused deemed universities in the country.
Simplification of Eligibility Criteria
The new guidelines replace the previous 2019 guidelines and align with the National
Education Policy (NEP) 2020. One of the major changes is the simplification of eligibility
criteria, which now emphasizes multi-disciplinarity, NAAC grading, NIRF ranking, and NBA
grading. Institutions that meet specific requirements in these areas can apply for deemed
university status.
New Eligibility Criteria
As per the updated guidelines, a multi-disciplinary institution is eligible to seek deemed
status when it possesses valid NAAC accreditation with a cumulative grade point average
(CGPA) of no less than 3.01 for three consecutive cycles. Furthermore, NBA accreditation
must be obtained for two-thirds of eligible programs over the same three consecutive
cycles, or the institution must consistently rank within the top 50 in any specific category
of NIRF for the past three years.
Inclusion of Cluster Institutions
The guidelines also allow a cluster of institutions managed by multiple sponsoring bodies
or societies to apply for deemed university status. This provision enables collaboration
and collective efforts in establishing quality-focused institutions.
Increased Faculty Strength and Corpus Fund Requirement
The revised guidelines raise the faculty strength requirement from 100 to 150, ensuring a
strong academic base for deemed universities. In the case of private institutions, the
corpus fund requirement has been increased from ₹10 crore to ₹25 crore, promoting
financial stability and sustainability.
Registration on the Academic Bank of Credits
To promote academic flexibility and student mobility, the revised guidelines make it
mandatory for deemed universities to register on the Academic Bank of Credits (ABC).
This registration enables institutions to offer twinning programs, joint degree programs,
and dual degree programs, aligning with the regulations concerned.
Setting up Off-campus Centers
Deemed universities meeting specific criteria, such as minimum ‘A’ grade or being ranked
from 1 to 100 in the “Universities” category of NIRF rankings, are eligible to establish off-
campus centers. This provision enables deemed universities to extend their reach and
impact, catering to the diverse educational needs of different regions.
PRS Legislative Research’s Analysis of State Assembly Sessions
State Assemblies play a crucial role in shaping the governance of respective states in
India. A recent report by think-tank PRS Legislative Research highlights key insights
regarding the average number of days State Assemblies met, the duration of sittings, and
the passage of bills.
Average Duration and Assembly Highlights
In 2022, State Assemblies convened for an average of 21 days, providing a limited
timeframe for legislative deliberations. Karnataka emerged as the state with the highest
number of sitting days, totaling 45 days, followed closely by West Bengal with 42 days and
Kerala with 41 days.
Emphasis on Budget Session
The Budget Session, held between January and March, tends to be the most substantial
session for most states. During this period, State Assemblies engage in detailed
discussions on financial matters and policy decisions. The Monsoon and Winter Sessions,
which are comparatively briefer, follow the Budget Session. In 2022, around 61% of sittings
took place during the Budget Session, with Tamil Nadu holding over 90% of its sittings
during this crucial period. Similarly, Gujarat and Rajasthan conducted more than 80% of
their sittings during the Budget Session.
Efficiency of Sittings and Legislative Productivity
The average duration of a sitting across 20 states was found to be five hours. However,
variations were observed, with Maharashtra having an average sitting duration of eight
hours, while Sikkim had a shorter duration of two hours.
Between 2016 and 2022, Kerala had the highest average number of sitting days per year,
with 48 days. Odisha followed closely with 41 days, and Karnataka with 35 days. Notably,
the number of average sitting days has experienced a steady decline since 2016, with a
significant drop to 17 days in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
States Setting Minimum Sitting Days
Karnataka, Rajasthan, and Uttar Pradesh have established a minimum number of sitting
days for their legislatures. However, the report indicates that none of these states have
met the target since 2016. Himachal Pradesh mandates 35 days, whereas Uttar Pradesh
sets a higher bar of 90 days.
Bills and Legislative Efficiency
In 2022, State legislatures collectively passed over 500 bills, encompassing various subjects
such as land, labor, and social justice. Assam led the way by passing an impressive 85 bills,
followed by Tamil Nadu with 51 and Goa with 38. However, it is worth noting that the
report highlighted a need for more extensive debate and deliberation, as a significant
proportion of bills were passed on the day of introduction or the very next day, amounting
to 56% of the total bills in 2022. Additionally, less than 30 bills were referred to committees
for detailed study, indicating a scope for enhanced scrutiny and analysis.
Zambia’s Kafue National Park (KNP)
Zambia’s Kafue National Park (KNP) is witnessing a remarkable resurgence in its lion and
leopard populations, according to a recent report by Panthera, a global wild cat
conservation organization, and its partners. After decades of poaching, the efforts to
protect these majestic big cats are yielding positive results.
Leopard Densities Triple in Southern KNP
The report reveals that leopard densities in southern KNP have increased threefold. In
2019, there were approximately 1.5 leopards per 100 square kilometers, and by 2022, the
number rose to about 4.4 leopards per 100 square kilometers. This significant rise
indicates the positive impact of conservation measures.
Employment of Conservation Technologies
Counter-poaching operations played a crucial role in the park’s transformation. The use of
innovative conservation technologies such as SMART (Spatial Monitoring and Reporting
Tool) and EarthRanger enabled rangers to conduct efficient surveillance over wide areas.
By analyzing data rapidly, they stayed ahead of poachers. Additionally, African vultures
were outfitted with satellite tags, functioning as early warning systems. This pioneering
approach helped detect illegal activities like poisoning, safeguarding both vultures and
carnivores.
Effective Law Enforcement and Prosecution
The joint efforts of Zambia’s Department of National Parks and Wildlife (DNPW), Panthera,
the North Carolina Zoo, and multiple partners resulted in successful law enforcement
activities. Patrolling teams covered extensive distances, amounting to 211,000 kilometers
in 2021. Their vigilance led to an impressive 322 apprehensions. The Wildlife Crime
Prevention (WCP) unit’s support facilitated an 85% conviction rate for offenses related to
lion or leopard parts. Offenders faced custodial sentences averaging 5.1 years, sending a
strong message against poaching.
Transition to Synthetic ‘Heritage Furs’
The conservation efforts extended beyond wildlife protection to address the demand for
animal skins. The report highlights the distribution of synthetic ‘Heritage Furs’ as a viable
alternative to authentic leopard and lion skins. This shift in consumer choices promotes
the preservation of these magnificent species and their habitats.
Cost-Effective Conservation
Remarkably, the conservation endeavors in Kafue have achieved significant results at a
relatively low cost. The law enforcement activities, implemented from 2018 to mid-2022,
reduced the annual expenditure to $211 per square kilometer during the peak year. This
stands in stark contrast to the typical reference range of $1,000-2,000 per square
kilometer for unfenced wildlife protection efforts.
Kafue’s Role in the Kavango Zambezi Transfrontier Conservation Area
Kafue National Park is an integral part of the Kavango Zambezi Transfrontier Conservation
Area (KAZA), the largest terrestrial conservation landscape worldwide. Encompassing five
countries (Angola, Botswana, Namibia, Zambia, and Zimbabwe) and 36 protected areas,
spanning approximately 520,000 square kilometers, KAZA plays a crucial role in preserving
biodiversity.
Zambia’s Obstetric Fistula Strategic Plan
Zambia commemorated the International Day for the Elimination of Obstetric Fistula on
May 23, 2023, highlighting the country’s dedication to addressing this persistent medical
condition. With the theme “20 years on — progress but not enough! Act Now to End
Fistula by 2030,” the commemoration emphasized the urgency of action. The Ministry of
Health launched the Obstetric Fistula Strategic Plan, a comprehensive framework aimed at
eradicating obstetric fistula, on this occasion.
The Obstetric Fistula Strategic Plan
The Ministry of Health took a proactive step by launching the Obstetric Fistula Strategic
Plan. This comprehensive framework outlines the country’s approach to address obstetric
fistula and sets targets for the period from 2022 to 2026. The strategic plan was developed
in collaboration with the United Nations Population Fund, highlighting the significance of
partnerships in tackling this complex issue.
Understanding Obstetric Fistula
Obstetric fistula is a medical condition characterized by the presence of a hole between
the birth canal and bladder and/or rectum. It typically occurs as a result of prolonged and
obstructed labor without access to timely and high-quality medical interventions.
Addressing the Global Burden
Globally, over two million women live with obstetric fistula, with a significant proportion of
cases concentrated in Africa. In Zambia alone, more than 33,000 women and girls were
affected by obstetric fistula as of 2018, highlighting the urgent need for interventions and
support.
Development of the Strategic Plan
The Obstetric Fistula Strategic Plan was developed jointly by the Ministry of Health and the
United Nations Population Fund. This collaboration ensures a holistic and comprehensive
approach to tackle obstetric fistula in Zambia, involving stakeholders from both national
and international levels.
Direct Causes and Impediments
Obstetric fistula is directly caused by factors such as early-age childbearing, malnutrition,
and limited access to emergency obstetric care. Indirect factors, including poverty and
lack of education, further hinder women’s access to necessary services that could prevent
the development of this condition.
Addressing Rural Healthcare Disparities
In rural areas of Zambia, only half of the women deliver with a skilled birth attendant,
leading to higher rates of maternal mortality and childbirth injuries, including obstetric
fistula. The strategic plan aims to address this disparity by focusing on service delivery at
the national, provincial, district, health facility, and community levels.
June 5, 2023
What is Galleri Test?
In a groundbreaking development, a blood test capable of detecting over 50 types of
cancer has shown remarkable potential in a major trial conducted by the NHS. The test,
known as the Galleri test, has demonstrated high accuracy rates and the ability to identify
the original site of cancer in a significant percentage of positive cases.
Unveiling the Galleri Test
The Galleri test aims to revolutionize cancer detection by identifying treatable cancer at an
early stage, thus offering a chance to save lives. In the trial, two-thirds (66.6%) of the
cancers among the 5,000 participants with suspected symptoms were accurately identified
through this blood test. Remarkably, in 85% of these positive cases, the Galleri test
successfully pinpointed the original site of the cancer.
Enhancing Detection Capabilities
Traditional methods, such as scans and biopsies, subsequently diagnosed over 350
participants with cancer in the study. Among those who tested positive on the blood test,
an impressive 75% were confirmed to have cancer through traditional methods. Even
among those who initially tested negative, 2.5% were later diagnosed with cancer.
Although not infallible, the Galleri test exhibited an 85% accuracy rate in detecting the
source of cancer.
Targeting Specific Cancers
The Galleri test exhibits particular proficiency in detecting hard-to-spot cancers, including
those affecting the head and neck, bowel, lung, pancreatic, and throat. By focusing on
distinct changes in genetic code fragments released by different cancers, this innovative
blood test presents an opportunity for early intervention and targeted treatment.
The Road Ahead
While the Galleri test shows immense promise, researchers from Oxford University
emphasize that it remains a “work in progress.” However, if future studies yield positive
results, the NHS plans to expand the test’s implementation. With initial results from
testing the Galleri test on asymptomatic individuals expected next year, the NHS aims to
extend its rollout to an additional one million people in 2024 and 2025.
20th Anniversary of Mars Express
The European Space Agency (ESA) recently celebrated a momentous occasion, marking
the 20th anniversary of the Mars Express spacecraft. In honor of this milestone, ESA
orchestrated a captivating live stream event that offered the public a rare opportunity to
witness near-instant images from the Red Planet. Alongside this achievement, ESA also
released a mesmerizing mosaic of Mars, providing invaluable insights into the planet’s
surface.
A Captivating Live Stream Experience
To commemorate the 20th birthday of the Mars Express spacecraft, the European Space
Agency organized a live stream. The live stream showcased captivating pictures sent by
the spacecraft, offering viewers a unique and immersive glimpse into the Martian
landscape. This groundbreaking event marked the first-ever public viewing of near-instant
images from Mars, capturing the imaginations of space enthusiasts around the world.
The Time Lag of Martian Signals
During the live stream, signals transmitted by the Mars Express spacecraft took
approximately 17 minutes to reach Earth. This time lag, resulting from the relative
positions of Earth and Mars, adds a fascinating dimension to the concept of “live”
broadcasts. Despite the slight delay, the event showcased the real-time wonders of the
Red Planet and captivated audiences with its awe-inspiring imagery.
Unveiling the Mysteries of Mars
The release of a new mosaic by ESA has provided unprecedented insights into the surface
of Mars. This mosaic, created using data from the High-Resolution Stereo Camera (HRSC),
offers a comprehensive view of the planet’s color and composition details. By capturing
images at higher altitudes, the HRSC gathered 90 pictures covering areas approximately
2,500 km wide, providing a remarkable global perspective.
Decoding Martian Colors and Markings
ESA’s mosaic of Mars revealed intriguing details about the planet’s composition and
surface features. While the red color of Mars stems from high levels of oxidized iron, the
mosaic also showcased enigmatic blue-toned marks. These marks are attributed to dark
basaltic sands of volcanic origin, forming extensive layers of sand shaped by winds. These
sand dunes and dune fields create striking contrasts within impact craters, adding to
Mars’ visual allure.
Clues to Mars’ Watery Past
The presence of clay and sulfate minerals on Mars, as highlighted by the mosaic, provides
significant clues about the planet’s history. Bright indications of these minerals in color
composites suggest the existence of liquid water on Mars over an extended period. The
weathering and alteration of rock over time formed substantial clay deposits, pointing to
more favorable conditions for life. Additionally, the prevalence of sulfate minerals
indicates environments with higher acidity levels, less conducive to supporting life.
What is CL-20?
A team of researchers from China has claimed a substantial enhancement in the safety of
CL-20, one of the most potent explosive known worldwide. By implementing engineering
advancements, they have managed to increase its shock resistance capacity by a factor of
five.
CL-20: A Powerful Explosive
CL-20 is hailed as one of the most explosive non-nuclear substances on Earth. Its full
name, Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane, reflects its chemical composition. What sets CL-20
apart from other military explosives is its exceptional energy output. In comparison to
commonly used explosives like RDX and HMX, CL-20 boasts a higher energy output,
making it an intriguing prospect for military applications.
Enhanced Shock Resistance
China’s groundbreaking achievement lies in the development of a new method that
enhances the shock resistance of CL-20. This innovative technique makes CL-20 five times
more resistant to shock, setting the stage for potential large-scale mass production. This
breakthrough holds immense significance, as it opens up possibilities for incorporating
CL-20 into various Chinese projectiles and missiles.
Origin and Challenges
CL-20 was initially synthesized at the China Lake facility of the Naval Air Weapons Station
in California, USA. Despite its remarkable properties, the widespread adoption of CL-20
has been limited due to high production costs. However, with the recent advancement in
production methods, the potential barriers to its adoption may be mitigated.
Military Applications
The significance of CL-20 for military applications cannot be understated. Its higher
energy output and lower sensitivity to shock and friction make it an appealing choice for
developing more powerful and effective weapons. The improved shock resistance
achieved through China’s new method opens doors for increased safety and reliability in
the utilization of CL-20 in military operations.
Implications of Large-Scale Production
China’s successful large-scale mass production of CL-20 could bring about transformative
changes in the realm of military technology. Incorporating CL-20 into Chinese projectiles
and missiles has the potential to enhance their destructive power and precision. This
advancement could strengthen China’s defense capabilities and have significant
implications for future warfare strategies.
Draft Master Directions on Cyber Resilience and Digital Payment Security Controls for PSOs
The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has recently made an important move in the field of cyber
resilience and digital payment security. They have released the draft Master Directions on
Cyber Resilience and Digital Payment Security Controls for Payment System Operators
(PSOs). This draft aims to provide comprehensive guidelines and measures to strengthen
the cybersecurity framework in the digital payment ecosystem.
Governance Mechanism and Baseline Security Measures
The primary emphasis of the draft Master Directions is to establish a strong governance
framework aimed at identifying, evaluating, monitoring, and handling cybersecurity risks
effectively. It aims to ensure that PSOs, specifically authorized non-bank operators, are
well-prepared to tackle traditional and emerging information systems and cyber security
risks. These directions lay down the foundation for baseline security measures that must
be implemented by PSOs to facilitate safe and secure digital payment transactions.
Securing Digital Payment Transactions
One of the primary objectives of the draft Master Directions is to enhance the security of
digital payment transactions. By implementing the recommended measures, PSOs will be
better equipped to protect sensitive customer information and financial data from
potential threats. The directions emphasize the importance of creating a resilient system
that can withstand cyber attacks and safeguard the integrity of transactions.
Continued Applicability of Existing Security Instructions
While introducing these new guidelines, the RBI has clarified that the existing security
instructions for payments made using cards, Prepaid Payment Instruments (PPIs), and
mobile banking will remain applicable. This ensures that the security standards and risk
mitigation measures prescribed earlier are not compromised during the transition to the
new framework.
Black-veined White Butterfly
The black-veined white butterfly, thought to be extinct in Britain for nearly a century, has
recently made an unexpected appearance in the countryside on the edge of London.
The Extinction and Surprising Resurgence
Almost a century ago, the black-veined white butterfly became officially extinct in Britain.
However, in recent times, small numbers of these butterflies have been spotted fluttering
in fields and hedgerows in south-east London.
Distinctive Characteristics
The black-veined white butterfly is a medium-sized white butterfly with unique black vein
markings on its wings. It closely resembles the common cabbage white butterflies found
in Britain during the summer months, making it easy for non-experts to mistake them for
the more common species.
Habitats and Conservation Efforts
These rare butterflies favor habitats with hawthorn and blackthorn trees, where they were
once commonly found. However, their recent sightings on the outskirts of London have
puzzled experts, as they were believed to have disappeared from the region long ago.
The Speculations of Experts
According to experts, it is likely that the black-veined white butterflies were intentionally
released. However, the reasons behind these releases and the responsible parties remain
unknown. It is also highlighted that these sightings are unlikely to indicate the
spontaneous recovery of an extinct species.
Bihar Prohibition and Excise Act, 2016
The Bihar Prohibition and Excise Act of 2016 is a significant legislation aimed at enforcing
a complete ban on the sale, consumption, and transportation of liquor and intoxicants
within the state. Over time, the law has undergone several amendments to address
various challenges and improve its effectiveness.
Enforcing Complete Prohibition
The Bihar Prohibition and Excise Act, 2016, is a law that imposes a comprehensive ban on
the sale, consumption, and transportation of liquor and intoxicants in Bihar. Its primary
objective is to promote social welfare and address issues such as domestic violence and
crimes against women.
Recent Modification: Vehicle Release
A noteworthy recent change in Bihar’s prohibition law pertains to the release of vehicles
impounded for transporting liquor. Previously, individuals were required to pay 50% of the
insurance cover to secure the release of their impounded vehicles. However, the state
Cabinet has recently reduced this amount to a mere 10% of the insurance cover, with a
maximum cap of Rs 5 lakh.
Previous Amendments
The prohibition law has witnessed several amendments in the past. These amendments
include the provision for the release of first-time drinkers on the spot, subject to a fine.
Additionally, the confiscation of the offender’s home has been reversed, and
compensation has been restored to hooch victims. These amendments were aimed at
addressing concerns regarding the law’s impact on individuals and communities.
Reasons for Frequent Changes
The Bihar prohibition law has undergone frequent amendments due to various factors.
The lack of interest from other states in adopting a similar blanket ban on liquor,
ineffective implementation of the law, criticism from courts and opposition parties, and
diminishing political expediency have collectively contributed to the need for continuous
adjustments.
Karnataka High Court's Verdict on Necrophilia
The Karnataka High Court recently delivered a significant verdict regarding a controversial
case involving sexual intercourse with a woman’s dead body.
The Court’s Ruling and Case Background
In the case before the Karnataka High Court, which involved a rape and murder incident of
a 21-year-old woman, the court held that having sexual intercourse with a woman’s dead
body does not fall under the offense of rape punishable under Section 376 of the Indian
Penal Code (IPC). The court acquitted the accused of the charge of “raping” the victim’s
dead body, stating that there is no provision in the IPC to punish such an act.
Necrophilia and its Legal Status
The court further stated that the dead body cannot be considered a human or a person,
leading to the conclusion that the provisions of Sections 375 (rape) and 377 (unnatural
offenses) of the IPC do not apply. The court specifically labeled sexual intercourse with a
dead body as necrophilia, defining it as a morbid fascination with death and the dead. It
highlighted that necrophilia is not explicitly listed as an offense in the IPC.
International Approach to Necrophilia
While necrophilia is not specifically addressed in Indian law, several countries, including
the United Kingdom, Canada, New Zealand, and South Africa, have legislation that
prohibits sexual acts with corpses. The United Kingdom’s Sexual Offences Act, 2003,
includes necrophilia as an offense, making “sexual penetration of a corpse” punishable by
imprisonment.
Recommendations and Future Implications
The Karnataka High Court recommended that the Centre consider amending Section 377
of the IPC, which deals with unnatural offenses, to include dead bodies or introduce a
separate penal provision specifically addressing necrophilia. The court suggested a
penalty of life imprisonment up to 10 years with a fine for necrophilia-related offenses.
Moreover, the court emphasized the need for enhanced regulations in mortuaries. It
directed the installation of CCTV cameras, maintenance of hygiene and privacy, ensuring
the security of clinical records and information, and sensitizing mortuary staff.
What are Khaps?
Khaps, influential social organizations in North India, play a significant role in settling
disputes and shaping social customs. With their extensive reach and impact, they have
emerged as key players in regional politics.
Resolving Familial and Village Disputes
Khaps have long been recognized as mediators in settling familial and village disputes.
They are entrusted with the responsibility of maintaining harmony within their
communities. Whether it is conflicts related to land, marital issues, or other family matters,
khaps diligently work towards achieving resolutions that satisfy all parties involved.
The Expansive Presence of Khaps in North India
North India is home to nearly 300 major khaps, encompassing various regions and
communities. These khaps, rooted in the states of Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Delhi,
Rajasthan, and Uttarakhand, derive their influence from the significant number of people
associated with them based on their gotra (clan) or place of residence.
Imposing Penalties and Social Norms
Khaps possess the authority to impose penalties, such as social boycotts and monetary
fines, as a means of enforcing social norms and customs. However, their practices have
faced criticism for endorsing regressive social customs and opposing inter-caste or intra-
gotra/intra-village marriages. Critics argue that these actions contradict the principles of
equality and constitutional rights enshrined in India’s legal framework.
Khaps and Political Participation
Khaps actively participate in political matters, often functioning as pressure groups and
mobilizing people for various political issues. Their extensive network and ability to
influence a large number of individuals make them sought-after allies for political parties
in North Indian politics. However, only a few khap leaders have successfully transitioned
into their own political careers, such as Sombir Sangwan, who currently serves as an
independent MLA from Haryana’s Dadri constituency.
Demand for Legislative Amendments
Khaps advocate for amendments to existing laws, particularly in the context of marriages.
They have called for an amendment in the Hindu Marriage Act to ban same-gotra and
same-village marriages. This demand reflects their endeavor to strike a balance between
preserving cultural traditions and adapting to changing societal dynamics.
Involvement in Recent Protests
Khaps have played a significant role in recent protests against the Wrestling Federation of
India chief and the farmer agitation against contentious farm laws. These demonstrations
highlight the active participation of khaps in advocating for the rights and interests of
their communities and aligning themselves with broader social and political movements.
Derailment in Indian Railways
A report titled “Derailment in Indian Railways” was released in 2022 by the Comptroller
and Auditor General of India (CAG). This report flagged several shortcomings and
provided multiple recommendations to improve the safety of the railways.
Identifying Shortcomings and Areas of Improvement
One of the significant shortcomings highlighted in the CAG report was the failure in
conducting proper inspections. The report revealed that inspections by Track Recording
Cars, which are crucial in assessing the geometrical and structural conditions of railway
tracks, experienced shortfalls ranging from 30-100%. This raised concerns about the
accuracy and effectiveness of track assessments.
Additionally, the report flagged failures in submitting and accepting inquiry reports after
accidents. This lack of proper documentation and analysis hindered the ability to learn
from past incidents and implement necessary preventive measures.
Another concerning aspect was the inadequate utilization of the dedicated railway fund.
The report pointed out that the fund, meant for priority tasks related to safety, was not
fully utilized. This raised questions about the allocation and management of resources
within the railway system.
The report also highlighted a decline in funding for track renewal, which was linked to a
significant number of derailments. Approximately 289 derailments, accounting for 26% of
the total incidents from 2017 to 2021, were attributed to track renewals. This called for a
reevaluation of investment priorities to ensure the maintenance and upgrade of railway
tracks.
Derailments and the Role of Bad Driving
Among the factors contributing to derailments, the report emphasized the role of bad
driving and overspeeding. It stated that 154 accidents, out of a total of 1129 derailments,
were attributed to the loco pilots. This underscored the need for better training,
monitoring, and strict adherence to safety protocols by the train drivers.
Operational Challenges in the Track Management System (TMS)
The CAG report raised concerns about the non-operational status of the Track
Management System (TMS), which is a web-based application for monitoring track
maintenance activities. The in-built monitoring mechanism of the TMS portal was found to
be inactive, and important information, such as closure of inspection notes, was not
properly recorded. This highlighted the need for an efficient and functional system to
oversee track maintenance operations.
Recommendations for Enhanced Safety
In light of the findings, the CAG report presented several recommendations to improve
the safety of India’s train system. It stressed the importance of strict adherence to
scheduled timelines for accident inquiries to ensure timely resolution and implementation
of preventive measures. The report also emphasized the adoption of fully mechanized
methods of track maintenance and the use of improved technologies to enhance safety
operations.
What is Electronic Interlocking?
The recent train accident in Odisha’s Balasore has brought the focus on the safety
measures implemented in the railway system and the role of electronic interlocking
system.
The Purpose of Electronic Interlocking
Electronic interlocking is a crucial safety measure in the railway system. Its primary
purpose is to prevent conflicting movements between trains by ensuring that signals are
not changed in an improper sequence. This system aims to ensure that trains receive a
signal to proceed only when the route is proven safe.
The Cause of the Train Accident
The tragic train accident in Balasore was caused by a change in electronic interlocking.
The accident had occurred due to a change that took place during the electronic
interlocking process. An investigation is underway to determine the details and identify
those responsible.
Responsibility for Investigation
The Commissioner of Railway Safety has been assigned the responsibility of investigating
the train accident. This body will conduct a thorough examination of the incident, gather
evidence, and determine the factors that contributed to the accident.
Casualties and Train Involvement
Tragically, the train accident resulted in the loss of 288 lives, with over 1000 people injured.
The incident involved three different trains: Bengaluru-Howrah Superfast Express,
Coromandel Express, and a goods train. Seventeen coaches of the passenger trains were
derailed and suffered severe damage.
Units Involved in Rescue Operations
The rescue operations were carried out with the assistance of multiple units. Seven
National Disaster Response Force (NDRF) teams, five Odisha Disaster Rapid Action Force
(ODRAF) units, and 24 Fire Services and Emergency units actively participated in the rescue
and relief efforts.
SEBI-SAT Stalemate Over Provision 23(E) of SCRA
The Securities and Exchange Board of India (Sebi) and the Securities Appellate Tribunal
(SAT) are currently embroiled in a stalemate over the interpretation of a specific provision
in the securities law.
Understanding Provision 23(E)
At the heart of the impasse lies Provision 23(E) of the Securities Contracts (Regulations)
Act (SCRA). This provision states that any company violating listing conditions could face a
penalty of up to ₹25 crore. However, there is a disagreement between Sebi and SAT
regarding the interpretation of “listing conditions.”
Divergent Views on Listing Conditions
Sebi has taken the stance that “listing conditions” specified in the Act refer to violations of
listing rules. On the other hand, SAT rejects this interpretation and argues that the
provision only applies if listing conditions are not met. Consequently, SAT has overturned
more than half a dozen Sebi orders related to listing-agreement violations.
The Stalemate Reaches the Supreme Court
With the stalemate unresolved, the matter has now reached the Supreme Court. A two-
judge bench comprising Justice K.M. Joseph and Justice B.V. Nagarathna will hear the
appeals related to the issue. This development has attracted significant attention from
legal experts and market participants awaiting a resolution.
Differentiating ‘Listing Conditions’ and ‘Conditions of Listing Agreement’
Legal experts highlight the distinction between “listing conditions” and “conditions of
listing agreement” under the SCRA. They argue that the violation of “conditions of listing
agreement” falls under a separate provision, Section 23(2) of the SCRA. Consequently,
they assert that the penalties imposed under Provision 23(E) should only apply to
violations of “listing conditions.”
Sebi’s Use of Section 23(E)
Sebi has utilized Section 23(E) in multiple cases involving listing-agreement violations.
Apart from the well-known Suzlon Energy Ltd case, Sebi has imposed penalties under this
provision in cases concerning Man Industries (India) Ltd, IFGL Refractories Ltd, and
Winsome Yarns Ltd. SAT has expressed dissatisfaction with Sebi’s repeated use of Section
23(E) despite its ruling in the Suzlon matter.
The Maximum Penalty and Listing-Agreement Violations
Notably, Section 23(E) imposes a maximum penalty of ₹25 crore, while the specific section
for listing-agreement violations stipulates a maximum penalty of ₹1 crore. This
discrepancy has led to concerns about proportional penalties based on the scale and
nature of violations.
Countervailing Duty on Stainless Steel Imports
In order to safeguard the interests of local manufacturers and counter the influx of cheap
imports, India is considering the imposition of a countervailing duty (CVD) on stainless
steel imports. The proposal, which has gained support from the steel ministry, has
received a recommendation of a 19% duty from the Directorate General of Trade
Remedies, a body operating under the commerce ministry.
Understanding the Countervailing Duty (CVD)
The CVD is a measure typically employed to shield local companies from the adverse
effects of cheap imports that benefit from subsidies provided by exporting nations. By
levying a duty on such imports, the aim is to restore a level playing field and prevent
unfair competition that could harm domestic manufacturers. In the case of stainless steel
imports, India seeks to counter the challenges posed by imports that have gained an
advantage from substantial subsidies.
Impact on Domestic Steelmakers
The surge in cheap imports has had a detrimental effect on domestic steelmakers in India.
These imports, particularly from two countries, have distorted the steel market by flooding
it with subsidized products. As a result, local companies, especially smaller ones, have
been compelled to put their hiring and expansion plans on hold. Instead of focusing on
growth, they have been forced to navigate the role of traders in the commodity. This
situation has hampered the growth and competitiveness of domestic steel manufacturers.
Reintroducing the Countervailing Duty
The decision to reintroduce the CVD comes after its removal in the Union Budget for the
fiscal year 2021-22. The steel industry has long called for the reinstatement of the duty
due to the continued impact of imports on small and medium enterprises. These
enterprises have experienced a significant decline in their capacity, with some even facing
closure. The CVD is seen as a crucial measure to help revive and stabilize these
enterprises.
The Role of Russia in Steel Exports to India
While imports from China have historically been high, Russia has emerged as a notable
exporter of steel to India. This shift occurred when traditional European markets imposed
economic sanctions on Russia following its invasion of Ukraine. Since then, Russia’s
exports to India have steadily increased, contributing to the challenges faced by domestic
steelmakers.
Continued Challenges Despite Reopening of the Chinese Economy
It was expected that the reopening of the Chinese economy would ease imports from
China and other countries. However, the anticipated reduction in imports has not yet
materialized. Steel consumption in China and other key economies remains stressed,
which has sustained the high volume of exports to India. Despite China’s post-pandemic
economic growth being driven by the services sector, steel consumption has not reached
desired levels.
Pharmaceutical Inspection Convention and Pharmaceutical Inspection Co-operation Scheme
(PIC/S)
India is poised to strengthen the quality of its medical products and improve market
access by joining the Pharmaceutical Inspection Convention and Pharmaceutical
Inspection Co-operation Scheme (PIC/S). This decision comes in response to incidents
such as the tragic deaths of 66 children in Gambia, which were linked to toxic Indian-made
cough syrups, as well as market access challenges faced by Indian medical products in
quality-conscious regions like the UAE and Gulf Cooperation Council. Joining PIC/S will
enable India to adopt global standards and pave the way for enhanced cooperation and
regulatory practices among countries.
Improving Medical Product Quality and Industry Standards
Under PIC/S, India’s industry, particularly micro, small, and medium enterprises, will be
required to adopt global standards, specifically focusing on good manufacturing practices.
This step will not only help avert tragedies similar to the Gambia incident but also facilitate
market access in advanced economies. By aligning with international norms, India’s
medical product quality will be enhanced, providing assurance to consumers and
regulators.
Resolving Market Barriers
Certain countries, including the UAE, Gulf Cooperation Council, and other advanced
economies, employ reference prices from developed markets to set their own prices. This
approach inadvertently acts as a barrier for affordable Indian drugs, despite their superior
quality. By becoming a member of PIC/S, India’s prices will also be considered for
referencing, allowing the country to overcome these market barriers and gain better
access to these regions.
The Role of PIC/S
The PIC/S serves as a platform for harmonizing, educating, and updating aspects related
to Good Manufacturing Practice among member countries. Additionally, it plays a pivotal
role in fostering relationships and coordination between regulatory authorities and
governments. By participating in PIC/S, India will align its manufacturing protocols and
quality control measures with international standards, ensuring uniformity and
compliance across member countries.
Global Collaboration and Membership
PIC/S boasts a prominent membership base that includes countries like the United States,
the United Kingdom, Switzerland, Japan, Germany, France, and others. This collaboration
allows participating countries to share best practices, exchange knowledge, and
collectively enhance the quality and safety of medical products. India’s membership in
PIC/S will strengthen its ties with these nations, leading to a broader exchange of
expertise and ensuring the country remains at the forefront of international healthcare
standards.
Refining the Clinical Establishments (Registration and Regulation) Act
The Union Health Ministry is actively working to refine the Clinical Establishments
(Registration and Regulation) Act, with the aim of improving transparency and regulation
within the healthcare system. This move will have a significant impact on various types of
clinics and healthcare providers across the country.
Expanding the Scope of Registration
Under the refined Act, not only hospitals but also hair transplant centres, skin and
cosmetology clinics, dental cosmetology clinics, and therapy centres may be required to
register. This step ensures that a wide range of clinical establishments fall under the
purview of the Act, fostering greater accountability and patient safety.
Objectives of the Act
The primary objective of registering these clinics under the Act is to bring transparency to
the healthcare system and regulate private healthcare providers. By mandating
registration, the Act aims to protect patients from potential exploitation by clinics offering
surgical procedures in the name of beauty. This measure ensures that healthcare services
adhere to minimum standards and follow ethical practices.
Implementation Status
While some states have already implemented the Clinical Establishments Act, there are a
few, including Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Delhi, and Telangana, that are yet to do so. In light
of this, the health ministry is considering making the Act compulsory for all states to
ensure uniformity and standardization in healthcare practices across the country.
The New Website and Provisions
The health ministry is developing a dedicated website for the Act, which will offer a range
of provisions and services. This online platform will facilitate both provisional and
permanent registration of clinical establishments, ensuring a streamlined process.
Additionally, the website will feature a payment gateway, online grievance redressal
mechanism, and appeal mechanism, enabling efficient interactions between stakeholders.
Committee for Minimum Standards
To further enhance the quality of healthcare services, the health ministry has constituted a
committee to draft minimum standards for various clinical establishments. This step
ensures that all registered clinics adhere to specific guidelines and protocols, promoting
patient safety and standardization of healthcare practices.
Enhanced Surveillance Measure (ESM) for Micro-Small Companies
Stock exchanges BSE and NSE (National Stock Exchange) have taken a significant step to
curb volatility in small-cap counters by implementing an Enhanced Surveillance Measure
(ESM). This regulatory framework aims to ensure stability and transparency in the market
while safeguarding investors’ interests.
Effective Date
The Enhanced Surveillance Measure (ESM) will come into effect from June 5, marking a
crucial milestone in the regulatory landscape of stock exchanges. This mechanism will be
instrumental in monitoring and controlling the price fluctuations of small-cap companies,
providing stability to the market.
BSE and NSE Join Forces
Both BSE and NSE have jointly implemented the enhanced surveillance mechanism,
demonstrating their commitment to maintaining a fair and secure trading environment.
By collaborating on this initiative, the leading stock exchanges aim to strengthen the
overall market structure and bolster investor confidence.
Market Cap Threshold: Less than ₹500 crore
Under the ESM framework, companies with a market capitalization of less than ₹500 crore
will be subject to enhanced surveillance. This criterion allows for targeted monitoring of
small-cap counters, which are often more susceptible to price volatility and speculative
trading.
Parameters for Shortlisting Securities
The ESM framework incorporates specific parameters to shortlist securities for
surveillance. High-low price variation and close-to-close price variation are key factors
considered during the selection process. These metrics enable the identification of
securities that display excessive price swings, warranting closer monitoring and potential
regulatory intervention.
Trading with Price Bands
Securities falling under the ESM framework will have trading conducted through a trade-
for-trade mechanism. A price band of 5% will be applicable for most securities. However,
for securities that are already in the 2% price band, the trading will be settled within the
existing 2% range. This mechanism ensures a controlled trading environment for these
securities, limiting sudden and drastic price movements.
Excluded Securities
The ESM framework excludes certain types of securities from the shortlisting process.
Securities of public sector enterprises, public sector banks, and those on which derivative
products are available are not subject to this enhanced surveillance. This exclusion aligns
the surveillance mechanism with the specific dynamics and requirements of small-cap
companies.
Minimum Period of Surveillance
Securities included in the ESM framework must undergo surveillance for a minimum
period of three months. This duration allows for a comprehensive assessment of their
trading patterns, price movements, and overall market behavior.
Transition from Stage II to Stage I
Securities identified under Stage II of the ESM framework must undergo a minimum
surveillance period of one month. If, during the weekly stage review, a security
demonstrates a close-to-close price variation of less than 8% within a month, it will
transition from Stage II to Stage I. This transition acknowledges the security’s improved
stability and may lead to a reduction in regulatory scrutiny.
Promoting Stability and Investor Confidence
By introducing the Enhanced Surveillance Measure (ESM), stock exchanges BSE and NSE
are taking proactive steps to promote stability, transparency, and investor confidence in
the market. This framework ensures that small-cap counters, often characterized by
higher volatility, are closely monitored and regulated, ultimately fostering a more secure
trading environment.
Lavender Festival
The enchanting Bhaderwah Valley in Jammu and Kashmir has become a hub of lavender
cultivation, earning it the prestigious title of the lavender capital of India. In an exciting
development, Union Minister Jitendra Singh inaugurated the two-day “Lavender Festival”
in the valley, celebrating the region’s success in promoting lavender cultivation and
nurturing agri-startups. The festival, organized by the Council of Scientific and Industrial
Research-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR-IIIM), is part of their ‘One Week
One Lab Campaign’.
Remarkable Progress in Lavender Cultivation
The Lavender Festival exhibits the impressive advancements achieved in cultivating
lavender and the beneficial influence it has had on the nearby community. Lavender
cultivation has thrived in Bhaderwah due to its ideal conditions, including favorable land
and climate. This region has witnessed the birth of India’s purple revolution, where
lavender crops have transformed the lives of farmers and opened up new avenues for
development.
Supporting Farmers Through the CSIR-aroma Mission
The CSIR-IIIM, through its CSIR-aroma Mission, has played a pivotal role in supporting
farmers in Bhaderwah’s Doda district. The mission aims to increase the income of small
and marginal farmers and foster the development of agriculture-based startups. As part
of this initiative, the CSIR-IIIM has distributed over 30 lakh free lavender plants to farmers
in various districts of Jammu and Kashmir.
Installation of Distillation Units
In order to facilitate the processing of lavender, the CSIR-IIIM has set up 50 distillation
units at various sites throughout Jammu and Kashmir. These units play a vital role in
extracting essential oils and other valuable substances from lavender crops. The
prosperous integration of lavender cultivation by small and marginalized maize farmers in
the temperate areas of Jammu has resulted in the emergence of a new industry in the
region.
Amchang Wildlife Sanctuary
In the lush landscapes of the Amchang Wildlife Sanctuary in Assam, India, an
extraordinary initiative by the Indian army is taking place. The purpose of this unique
ecosystem is to foster a peaceful co-existence with the wild elephants that call the
sanctuary their home.
A Haven for Wild Elephants
Amchang Wildlife Sanctuary is estimated to be home to around 90 wild elephants.
Recognizing the importance of preserving their natural habitat, the Indian army has
undertaken significant efforts to create a suitable environment for these majestic
creatures.
Proximity of Narengi Military Station
The Narengi Military Station, covering an area of approximately 3300 acres, is located
nearby the Amchang Wildlife Sanctuary. This close proximity facilitates occasional visits
from the wild elephants to the military station, highlighting the importance of establishing
a harmonious relationship between the two entities.
Creating a Suitable Habitat
To ensure the well-being of the wild elephants, the Indian army has implemented various
measures within the sanctuary. Ponds have been constructed to provide a water source
for the elephants, while the plantation of fruit trees and grasses offers them a readily
available food supply. Additionally, clear paths have been established, allowing the
elephants to move freely and without hindrance throughout their territory.
Treating Wild Elephants with Respect
The Indian army’s approach to the wild elephants in the Amchang Wildlife Sanctuary is
rooted in respect and non-interference. They recognize the importance of avoiding any
actions that may cause trouble or harm to the elephants, fostering an environment where
the majestic creatures can thrive undisturbed.
Collaborative Efforts for Conflict Mitigation
Supporting the Indian army in their mission to mitigate human-elephant conflict are the
local community, scientific community, and forest officials. These stakeholders work
together to develop strategies and initiatives aimed at ensuring the well-being of both the
elephants and the local human population.
Preventing Encroachment and Ensuring Space
To prevent wild elephants from entering the military station, several measures have been
implemented. The Indian army provides areas within the elephants’ natural corridor,
allowing them to follow their established routes without disruption. Additionally,
minimum protective measures are in place to safeguard both the elephants and the
military station while respecting the elephants’ space and minimizing potential conflicts.
Implementing Surveillance Measures
To monitor the movement of the wild elephants and ensure their safety, the Indian army
has implemented advanced surveillance measures. High-resolution CCTV cameras and
night vision cameras have been strategically installed throughout the military station,
allowing for close monitoring and protection of the elephants.
June 6, 2023
Supreme Court Order on Manglik
In a significant development, the Supreme Court of India has intervened and stayed the
order of the Allahabad High Court that directed the examination of a rape complainant’s
horoscope to determine her “manglik” status.
Supreme Court’s Intervention: Upholding Fair Legal Proceedings
The Supreme Court took a decisive step by staying the implementation of the Allahabad
High Court’s order. This intervention ensures that the legal proceedings focus on the
substantive merits of the case, setting aside any reliance on superstitious beliefs.
Unveiling the Belief of Misery Associated with Manglik
The belief surrounding being manglik is steeped in superstition, where people associate it
with the potential to bring misery, ill-health, and even death to a non-manglik spouse. This
belief lacks scientific evidence and predominantly stems from cultural traditions and
astrological practices.
The Reason for Refusal: Manglik as a Justification
In the case at hand, the man provided the reason for refusing to marry the woman based
on her manglik status. This underscores the significance attributed to astrology and the
weight it holds in certain cultural contexts.
Determining Manglik Status: Analyzing Planetary Influence
Manglik status is determined by assessing the position of the planet Mars in an
individual’s horoscope or birth chart. The influence of Mars on various houses in the chart
is believed to have the potential to cause disharmony and conflict in one’s life.
Supreme Court’s Focus: Subject Matter Pertaining to the Case
The Supreme Court made it clear that it was primarily concerned with the subject matter
relevant to the case. While respecting the beliefs associated with astrology, the court
aimed to ensure that legal proceedings are not influenced by superstitious practices but
instead emphasize fair and just evaluation.
Adverse Possession
Adverse possession is a legal concept that refers to the hostile possession of property. It
has been a subject of discussion and debate among legal experts, with differing opinions
on its justification and impact.
The Concept of Adverse Possession
Adverse possession originates from the notion that it is important for land to be actively
utilized rather than being left unoccupied. It involves the hostile possession of property
that is continuous, uninterrupted, and peaceful. The rationale behind adverse possession
stems from the idea that the title to land should not be in doubt for an extended period.
Additionally, it allows for the utilization of idle land and offers protection to individuals
who come to regard the occupant as the owner.
The Law Commission’s Report
The recent report by the 22nd Law Commission stated that there is no justification for
introducing changes to the law relating to adverse possession. The commission
emphasized that the period of limitation should not be increased, asserting that the
existing provisions offer sufficient protection to the true owner. However, two members of
this commission expressed their disagreement by submitting a dissenting note, arguing
that the law encourages deceptive assertions masked as adverse possession.
Provisions of the Limitation Act, 1963
The Limitation Act, 1963, brought significant changes to the law on adverse possession. It
shifted the burden of proof to the person claiming adverse possession and established
specific time limits for the possession of private and government land. Article 65 of the Act
specifies that adverse possession must be continuous and uninterrupted for twelve years
to acquire title.
Ingredients of Adverse Possession
According to a 2004 Apex Court ruling, several elements contribute to adverse possession.
These include the date of possession, nature of possession, knowledge of the other party,
duration of possession, and the requirement for possession to be open and undisturbed.
These factors play a crucial role in determining the validity of an adverse possession claim.
Supreme Court’s Perspective
The Supreme Court suggested changes to the law on adverse possession due to its
perceived irrationality, illogicality, and harshness towards the true owner. The court noted
that the existing law places a premium on dishonesty and advocated for a fresh look at
the subject. The court recommended that the government seriously consider making
suitable amendments to the law.
June 7, 2023
Ban on King James Version of the Bible
A district in the US state of Utah has recently implemented a ban on the presence of the
King James Version of the Bible in the libraries of elementary and middle schools,
triggering intense discussions and disagreements. The decision has raised concerns about
freedom of expression and religious texts in educational settings.
Utah’s Ban on the King James Version of the Bible
The authorities have decided to prohibit the presence of the King James Version of the
Bible in elementary and middle school libraries. The primary reason cited for this ban is
the inclusion of elements deemed as “vulgarity or violence” within the text.
Exception for High School Students
While the ban affects elementary and middle schools, high school students are still
permitted to access the Bible in their libraries. This exception acknowledges the advanced
maturity and comprehension levels of older students.
The Challenged Version and Future Requests
It is crucial to note that the ban specifically targets the King James Version, published in
1611. Other translations of the Bible remain unaffected by this restriction. However, the
controversy doesn’t end there. The Davis school district, serving approximately 72,000
students, has already started receiving requests to ban additional religious texts. In
particular, a complaint has been lodged against the Book of Mormon, which serves as the
foundational text of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, a prominent religious
sect in Utah.
Understanding the Utah Law
The ban on the Bible and the broader context of book censorship in Utah are rooted in a
specific law enacted last year. This legislation prohibits the presence of “pornographic or
indecent” books in schools. It emerged as a response to conservative parents’ concerns
regarding books addressing themes of sexual and racial identity. Notable works like Toni
Morrison’s The Bluest Eye and Maia Kobabe’s Gender Queer have already been banned
under this law.
Tracking SDG7: The Energy Progress Report 2023
Sustainable Development Goal 7 (SDG 7) is a crucial part of the 2030 Agenda for
Sustainable Development, aimed at addressing global energy challenges. A new report
titled Tracking SDG7: The Energy Progress Report 2023 was released recently to provide
insights into the progress made in achieving SDG 7.
Objective of Sustainable Development Goal 7
SDG 7 primarily focuses on achieving universal energy access, ensuring that affordable,
reliable, sustainable, and modern energy is available for all. By 2030, the goal is to
eliminate energy poverty and promote renewable energy sources to foster economic
growth and environmental sustainability.
Collaboration for Tracking SDG7
The Tracking SDG7: The Energy Progress Report 2023 was released in collaboration with
various agencies, including the International Energy Agency (IEA), emphasizing the
importance of accurate data collection and analysis to monitor progress towards SDG 7.
Energy Efficiency Improvement Trends
To double historic levels of energy efficiency, target 7.3 aims for an annual improvement
rate of 2.6% between 2010 and 2030. However, the current trend reveals an improvement
rate of 1.8% annually, indicating the need to accelerate efforts to achieve the desired
outcome.
Access to Clean Cooking
Sub-Saharan Africa is projected to have the highest number of people without access to
clean cooking by 2030. Despite progress in reducing the global population lacking access
to clean cooking, achieving universal access remains a significant challenge.
Renewable Energy Consumption
In 2020, the share of renewable energy in total final energy consumption reached 19.1%
(12.5% excluding traditional use of biomass). While this represents a modest increase
from the previous decade, there is a pressing need to enhance renewables-based
electricity supply, especially in developing countries.
Required Investments for Renewable Electricity
To align with international climate and energy goals, annual investments of USD 1.4-1.7
trillion in renewable electricity generation and related infrastructure are estimated to be
necessary through 2030. These investments are crucial for transitioning to sustainable
energy systems worldwide.
2030 Agenda and Sustainable Development Goals
The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development was launched in 2015 as a collective effort
to end poverty and address various global challenges. It encompasses 17 Sustainable
Development Goals, including SDG 7, which plays a vital role in promoting sustainable
energy practices worldwide.
The Halfway Point for Achieving the SDGs
2023 marks the halfway point for achieving the SDGs by 2030. As progress is evaluated
and gaps are identified, it becomes crucial to prioritize and intensify efforts to ensure the
successful attainment of SDG 7 and other related goals.
Kakhovka Dam
A significant event has unfolded in southern Ukraine, where the Kakhovka Dam on the
Dnipro River, separating Russian and Ukrainian forces, was breached.
The Dnipro River and the Construction of the Dam
Situated on the banks of the Dnipro River, the dam in question was constructed in 1956
during the Soviet era. This engineering marvel stands at an impressive height of 30 meters
(98 feet) and spans a length of 3.2 kilometers (2 miles). Its primary purpose was to
support the Kakhovka hydroelectric power plant and harness the river’s energy potential.
Reservoir and Water Supply
The dam forms a vast reservoir with a volume of 18 km3. It serves as a critical water
source for two significant entities. Firstly, the reservoir supplies water to the Crimean
peninsula, a region that Russia controversially claims to have annexed in 2014. Secondly, it
caters to the water needs of the Zaporizhzhia nuclear plant, which is currently under
Russian control. Both of these depend heavily on the stability and functionality of the dam.
Conflicting Accounts of Destruction
In the aftermath of the breach, conflicting narratives emerged regarding the cause of the
dam’s destruction. Ukraine promptly blamed Russia, accusing Russian terrorists of
intentionally demolishing the Kakhovka hydroelectric power plant dam. Conversely, some
Russian-installed officials attributed the damage to Ukrainian shelling, specifically
targeting the hydraulic valves. Others claimed that the dam collapsed due to pre-existing
damage and the immense pressure of the water.
Human Impact and Risk of Flooding
The breach of the dam has raised concerns about the potential human impact and the risk
of flooding. Approximately 22,000 individuals residing in Ukraine’s southern Kherson
region face the immediate threat of flooding. Russian-installed officials have warned
residents to be prepared for evacuation. Additionally, Ukrainian Prime Minister Denys
Shmyhal expressed concern that up to 80 settlements could be at risk of flooding.
Reassurances from Energy Companies
The Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant, Europe’s largest, relies on the reservoir for its
cooling water supply. Despite the breach, the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)
assured the public that there is no immediate nuclear safety risk at the plant.
Furthermore, Russia’s state nuclear energy company, Rosatom, explicitly stated that the
Moscow-controlled nuclear plant is not under threat.
$95 Million Undersea Cable Connection Project in Micronesia
Japan, the United States, and Australia have recently announced their joint venture in
signing a significant undersea cable project. This initiative aims to improve network
connectivity in the Indo-Pacific region, while also countering China’s expanding influence.
Connecting Nations and Enhancing Connectivity
The undersea cable will span approximately 2,250 kilometers, linking the state of Kosrae in
the Federated State of Micronesia, Tarawa in Kiribati, and Nauru to the existing cable
landing point situated in Pohnpei, Micronesia. This ambitious undertaking will enable
enhanced connectivity among these East Micronesia island nations, fostering socio-
economic growth and development.
Countering Influence and Strengthening Cooperation
The collaboration between Japan, the United States, and Australia in this undersea cable
project reflects their shared objective of countering Beijing’s efforts to expand its
influence in the region. By bolstering connectivity and communication networks, these
nations aim to maintain security and economic stability within the Indo-Pacific.
Next Steps and Expected Completion
The project’s next crucial steps involve conducting a final survey, design, and
manufacturing of the undersea cable. The completion of these stages is expected by 2025,
which showcases the concerted efforts of all parties involved to ensure the project’s
success.
Emphasizing the Importance of Undersea Cables
Leaders from the Quad alliance, comprising Japan, the United States, Australia, and India,
have emphasized the critical role of undersea cables as fundamental components of
communications infrastructure and internet connectivity. Recognizing their significance,
the Quad leaders reiterate the need for secure and resilient digital connectivity in today’s
interconnected world.
Contract Awarded to NEC Corp
Following a competitive tender, NEC Corp emerged as the winner and was awarded the
contract for the undersea cable project. Renowned for its expertise in
telecommunications, NEC Corp is well-positioned to ensure the realization of high-speed,
high-quality, and secure communications for residents, businesses, and governments in
the region.
Connecting Over 100,000 People
Once completed, the undersea cable will connect more than 100,000 people across the
three Pacific countries involved in the project. This connectivity will enhance their access
to information, promote socio-economic growth, and strengthen regional cooperation.
Varunastra Torpedo
In a significant achievement for the Indian Navy, the Varunastra, an indigenously
developed ship-launched anti-submarine heavy-weight torpedo (HWT), has proven its
capabilities through a successful test firing on June 6, 2023.
Introducing Varunastra: The Indigenously Developed Torpedo
The Varunastra torpedo, named after the Indian God of Oceans, is a state-of-the-art
weapon designed to counter underwater threats. It was developed by the Naval Science
and Technological Laboratory (NSTL) of the Defence Research and Development
Organisation (DRDO).
Test Firing and Range
During the latest trail, the Varunastra torpedo successfully hit its target after being fired
from a submarine at a range of 40 kilometers. This remarkable achievement demonstrates
the torpedo’s accuracy and effectiveness in neutralizing submarine threats.
Design and Production
The NSTL, in collaboration with Bharat Dynamics Ltd (BDL), is responsible for designing
and producing the Varunastra torpedo. The torpedo’s advanced features and capabilities
showcase the expertise and ingenuity of Indian defense organizations.
Extensive Trials and Evaluation
Prior to its induction, the Varunastra torpedo underwent rigorous evaluation and trials.
Over 130 technical trials were conducted jointly by the DRDO and the Indian Navy to
assess its performance and suitability. The successful completion of these trials paved the
way for the torpedo’s induction into the Navy.
Impressive Features and Capabilities
The Varunastra torpedo boasts several advanced technologies that make it a formidable
weapon in anti-submarine warfare. With a maximum strike range of 40 kilometers and a
top speed exceeding 70 kilometers per hour, it can engage targets effectively.
Furthermore, it operates at depths of up to 600 meters, showcasing its versatility and
adaptability.
Enhanced Anti-Submarine Warfare Capabilities
One of the key benefits of the Varunastra torpedo is its ability to significantly enhance the
Indian Navy’s anti-submarine warfare capabilities. With an active-passive acoustic homing
system at its disposal, the Varunastra torpedo demonstrates the capability to proficiently
detect and target adversary submarines, even in challenging and noisy underwater
conditions. This increased detection and engagement capability provide a strategic
advantage.
Achieving Self-Reliance
The successful development of the Varunastra torpedo mark a significant step toward
achieving self-reliance in defense capabilities for India. By reducing dependence on
foreign weapon systems, the Varunastra strengthens the Navy’s operational
independence and enhances national security.
International Conference on Spacecraft Mission Operations (SMOPS-2023)
The International Conference on Spacecraft Mission Operations (SMOPS-2023) is a highly
anticipated event organized by the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO).
Collaborating with the Italian Space Agency (ASI) and the International Academy of
Astronautics (IAA), SMOPS-2023 aims to bring together experts from space agencies, start-
ups, industry, and academia to discuss emerging technologies and automation in space
mission operations and ground segment. It will be held on June 8 and 9, serving as a
global platform for knowledge sharing and collaboration.
Enlightening Topics: Advancing Space Mission Design and Operations
The conference will cover a wide range of topics, including space mission operations
management, advanced space mission design, automation, management of large
constellations, ground station operations, human spaceflight mission operation
management, flight dynamics operation challenges, space situational awareness,
simulation and modeling, and the application of artificial intelligence in satellite data
handling, processing, and applications.
Diverse Participation
SMOPS-2023 is designed to encourage participation from multiple stakeholders. Space
agencies, start-ups, industry representatives, and academia will come together to
exchange ideas, foster collaboration, and drive innovation in space mission operations
and ground segment.
Ground Segment Operations: Exploring Present and Future Trends
One of the key areas of focus at SMOPS-2023 is the ground segment operations. Experts
will discuss the present and future trends in ground station operations, addressing the
evolving needs and challenges faced in this crucial aspect of space mission operations.
Significance and Impact: Propelling Collaboration and Innovation
The SMOPS-2023 conference holds immense significance in the realm of space
exploration. By providing a platform for experts to share knowledge, insights, and best
practices, it paves the way for collaboration and fosters innovation in space mission
operations and ground segment. Such initiatives contribute to the advancement of space
technology and further our understanding of the universe.
UP's Family ID Portal
The Uttar Pradesh government has launched the Family ID portal to create a
comprehensive database of family units and facilitate employment opportunities.
Building a Comprehensive Database for Enhanced Benefits
The Family ID portal serves as a centralized platform for families without a ration card and
those not covered under the National Food Security Scheme. Its primary objective is to
establish a comprehensive database of family units, enabling targeted delivery of
government benefits and improving transparency in the process.
Facilitating Access to Government Schemes
Families without ration cards can apply for a unique Family ID through the portal. This ID
acts as a gateway to avail themselves of various government schemes. By registering on
the portal, these families gain access to employment opportunities, thus fostering
economic empowerment.
Identification of Employment Deprivation
Through the integrated database obtained via the Family ID portal, families lacking
employment opportunities can be identified and prioritized for job placement initiatives.
By addressing unemployment concerns at the individual and family levels, the portal plays
a crucial role in fostering economic growth and social well-being.
Enhancing Efficiency in Verification
The Family ID application process involves verification by designated authorities. Urban
areas rely on the Deputy District Magistrate, while rural areas involve the Block
Development Officer and Panchayat Officer/Village Development Officer. This verification
process streamlines the authentication of family information, ensuring accuracy and
reliability of data.
Unlocking the Potential of Government Schemes
The integrated database obtained through the Family ID portal enables improved
management of beneficiary schemes. Timely targeting, transparent operations, and
accessibility to facilities become more achievable, allowing eligible families to benefit from
government initiatives effectively.
Promoting Self-Reliance and Empowerment
The Family ID portal contributes to the larger vision of self-reliance and empowerment for
every family in Uttar Pradesh. By extending the reach of government schemes to families
without ration cards, the portal ensures that vulnerable households are not left behind
and can actively participate in socio-economic development.
Nand Baba Milk Mission Scheme
In an effort to bolster milk development and production in Uttar Pradesh, Chief Minister
Yogi Adityanath has launched the Nand Baba Milk Mission. With a budget of Rs 1,000
crore, this initiative aims to empower milk producers and provide them with opportunities
to sell their milk at reasonable prices through dairy co-operative societies.
Objective and Empowering Milk Producers
The primary objective of the Nand Baba Milk Mission is to empower milk producers in
Uttar Pradesh. By establishing dairy co-operative societies, the mission aims to provide
producers with a fair and reasonable price for their milk, thereby ensuring their economic
well-being.
Establishment of Dairy Farmer Producer Organizations (Dairy FPOs)
As part of the Nand Baba Milk Mission, there is a proposed plan to set up Dairy Farmer
Producer Organizations (Dairy FPOs) in 5 districts of the state. These organizations will
play a crucial role in facilitating the sale of milk directly in producers’ villages. The
involvement of women in Dairy FPOs is an important aspect of the plan, promoting
gender inclusivity and empowerment.
Strengthening Rural Economy and Agro-based Infrastructure
The Dairy Development Department is leading the efforts to strengthen the rural
economy and ensure remunerative prices for farmers’ milk. Through the establishment of
Dairy FPOs, the mission aims to enhance the sale of milk in villages, contributing to the
growth of the agro-based infrastructure in Uttar Pradesh.
Nasscom’s Guidelines for Responsible AI Use
Nasscom, a prominent industry body, has recently published a set of guidelines focusing
on the responsible use of generative artificial intelligence (AI). These guidelines aim to
address potential harms, establish governance, and promote transparency in the
development and utilization of generative AI solutions.
Comprehensive Risk Assessments and Internal Oversight
The guidelines highlight the importance of performing thorough risk assessments and
ensuring internal supervision at every stage of a generative AI solution’s lifespan. This
approach ensures that potential risks and challenges are identified and mitigated
effectively.
Mitigating Harms and Malpractices
The guidelines specifically target various harms and malpractices associated with the use
of generative AI. These include combating misinformation, preventing IP infringement,
safeguarding data privacy, addressing biases, minimizing disruptions to life and livelihood,
mitigating environmental degradation, and countering malicious cyberattacks.
Cautious Development and Disclosure
To promote responsible development, the guidelines recommend a cautious approach
and rigorous risk assessment when deploying generative AI solutions. Additionally,
developers are encouraged to disclose data and algorithm sources unless they can
demonstrate that public safety would be compromised.
Ensuring Explainability and Addressing Mishaps
The guidelines emphasize the need for explainability in generative AI algorithms. Outputs
generated by these algorithms should be transparent and understandable to ensure
accountability. Additionally, the guidelines recommend the implementation of grievance
redressal mechanisms to address any mishaps that may occur during the development or
use of generative AI solutions.
Promoting Responsible Use and Establishing Governance
Overall, the primary objective of these guidelines is to foster responsible use of generative
AI. By addressing potential harms, promoting transparency, and establishing effective
governance, the guidelines aim to create a framework that safeguards the interests of
stakeholders and encourages the ethical and beneficial utilization of generative AI
technologies.
Prerna: The Vernacular School
Prerna (inspirational): The Vernacular School, located in Vadnagar, holds great
significance as the alma mater of Prime Minister Narendra Modi. This historic school,
established in 1888 and functional until 2018, is undergoing a remarkable redevelopment
project. The initiative aims to inspire students and preserve the rich historical heritage of
Vadnagar.
Inspiring Students as Catalysts of Change
The objective of the school redevelopment project is to serve as an inspiration for
students, encouraging them to become catalysts of change in society. Prerna: The
Vernacular School envisions instilling education, values, and a sense of responsibility in
students. By offering a week-long study tour to two students from each district across the
country, the project aims to provide them with a unique and inspiring educational
experience.
Restoration Efforts by the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI)
The Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) is actively involved in the restoration of Prerna:
The Vernacular School as part of Vadnagar’s redevelopment. This initiative is not only
about reviving the physical structure but also preserving the cultural and historical
essence of the school.
Vadnagar’s Historical Significance
Vadnagar holds a prominent place in history as one of the earliest fortified towns and a
renowned Buddhist learning center. The restoration efforts and the revival of Prerna: The
Vernacular School are not only significant for education but also contribute to the
preservation of Vadnagar’s rich cultural heritage.
Development of an Archaeological Experimental Museum
In addition to the school redevelopment, the Gujarat government is undertaking the
development of an Archaeological Experimental Museum in Vadnagar. This museum aims
to showcase the artifacts and historical significance of the region, providing visitors with a
deeper understanding of Vadnagar’s cultural legacy.
Genetically Engineered Cotton Hybrids
The approval and implementation of biosafety research trials (BRL) for genetically
engineered (GE) cotton hybrids have become a topic of controversy in various states of
India. The Genetic Engineering Appraisal Committee (GEAC) recently held its 149th
meeting, where the approvals and refusals of certain states were discussed.
State Approvals and Refusals
Out of the four states where locations for BRL trials were chosen, only Haryana has given
its approval. Telangana and Gujarat have refused to grant no objection certificates (NOC)
for holding the trials during the upcoming cropping season. On the other hand,
Maharashtra has not yet responded to the proposal, leaving its decision pending.
During the 149th Meeting, GEAC has asked Telangana and Gujarat to provide reasons for
not accepting the proposal. It also has requested Maharashtra to present its views and
comments within 30 days.
BRL Trials and Districts
The proposed BRL-1 trials for GE cotton hybrids, aimed at resistance against the pink
bollworm, were planned in five districts. These districts include Rangareddy in Telangana,
Jalna and Akola in Maharashtra, Junagadh in Gujarat, and Hisar in Haryana. The pink
bollworm is a notorious pest known for causing damage in cotton farming.
Controversial Aspects and Allegations
The Coalition for GM Free India, an organization representing various stakeholders, has
accused the GEAC of coercing state governments into granting NOCs for field trials. The
coalition believes that decisions are being made to pressurize the states, which
undermines their capabilities.
Sensitization Workshops and Recommendations
To address concerns and promote informed decision-making, the GEAC has
recommended conducting sensitization workshops or conferences with the agriculture
departments of states and the central government. These workshops aim to provide
insights into various aspects of genetically modified (GM) crops.
Controversy Surrounding GM Mustard Hybrid
The controversy surrounding GM crops further intensified with allegations of regulations
being violated during the approval process of the GM crop Dhara Mustard Hybrid
(DMH-11). The matter is currently in the Supreme Court, awaiting a bench to hear the
petitions against the Centre’s approval.
Study on Ice-Free Conditions of Arctic Ocean
The Arctic Ocean, known for its vast expanse of ice, could be facing a dramatic change in
the coming years. A recent international study suggests that the Arctic Ocean could
become ice-free in the summers by the 2030s.
Ice-Free Arctic: A Startling Possibility
The study indicates that the Arctic Ocean may experience ice-free conditions during the
summer months within the next decade. This alarming prediction raises concerns about
the future of the Arctic ecosystem and the broader implications for the planet.
Publication in Nature Communications
The groundbreaking study was published in the esteemed peer-reviewed journal, Nature
Communications. This platform ensures the dissemination of accurate and scientifically
rigorous information.
Unveiling the “Baked” Reality
The study reveals a striking finding – the absence of ice in September, a critical month for
Arctic ice coverage, is already “baked” into the Earth’s climate system. This means that
regardless of global efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, ice-free conditions in
September are virtually inevitable.
The Impact of Human Activities
Greenhouse gas emissions, primarily from burning fossil fuels, are identified as the major
contributors to the decline in Arctic sea ice. Human activities significantly outweigh natural
factors such as solar and volcanic activity in driving this alarming trend.
Implications for the Arctic and Beyond
The decline in Arctic sea ice has far-reaching consequences. It affects local communities
and wildlife, including iconic species like polar bears and walruses. Moreover, the loss of
Arctic sea ice disrupts the delicate balance of the Earth’s climate system, further
exacerbating global warming.
The Grand Order of the Chain of Yellow Star
The Honorary Order of the Yellow Star is the most prestigious state decoration in the
Republic of Suriname. It holds great significance and is awarded to individuals who have
made meritorious contributions to the Surinamese people or nation. In a historic moment,
President Droupadi Murmu became the first Indian to receive the Grand Order of the
Chain of Yellow Star recently.
Institution and Replacement
The Order was established in 1975, coinciding with Suriname’s independence, and
replaced the Dutch Order of the Netherlands Lion. This change marked a significant
transition for the young nation.
Eligibility and Recognition
The Order recognizes both Surinamese citizens and foreigners who have demonstrated
exceptional service and dedication. It serves as a symbol of honor and appreciation for
their contributions to the welfare and progress of Suriname.
Grand Master of the Order
The president of Suriname holds the esteemed position of the Grand Master of the
Honorary Order of the Yellow Star. As the highest authority, the president oversees the
awarding process and upholds the values associated with the Order.
Classes and Medals
The Order is structured into five classes and two medals. The classes include Grand
Cordon (Grootlint), Grand Officer (Grootofficier), Commander (Commandeur), Officer
(Officier), and Knight (Ridder). Additionally, the Order grants Honorary Medals in Gold and
Silver, further recognizing outstanding individuals.
India’s First International Cruise Vessel
India’s first international cruise vessel, MV Empress, embarked on its maiden voyage from
the city of Chennai. The departure ceremony was graced by the presence of Union
shipping minister Sarbananda Sonowal, who flagged off the momentous occasion.
Alongside the launch of this significant cruise service, another landmark event took place
at the Chennai Port – the inauguration of an international cruise tourism terminal.
State-of-the-Art Terminal Facilities
The newly inaugurated international cruise tourism terminal at the Chennai Port is a
remarkable addition to India’s maritime infrastructure. Developed at a cost of Rs 17.21
crore, this state-of-the-art facility spans across a sprawling 2,880 square meters. It has
been designed to cater to the needs of cruise passengers, offering a host of modern
amenities and conveniences. With its spacious interiors and efficient services, the terminal
has the capacity to accommodate approximately 3,000 passengers.
Exciting Voyage to Sri Lanka
MV Empress, the star of the inaugural voyage, is all set to take travelers on an
unforgettable journey to the captivating island nation of Sri Lanka. The cruise will make
three exciting ports of call in Sri Lanka, including Hambantota, Trincomalee, and
Kankesanturai.
Diverse Tour Packages
To cater to the varied preferences of travelers, MV Empress offers an array of tour
packages. Whether it’s a short getaway or an extended vacation, passengers can choose
from 2-night, 3-night, 4-night, and 5-night packages. These packages have been
thoughtfully designed to provide an immersive experience and create lasting memories
for the travelers.
Future Expansion Plans
The launch of MV Empress and the inauguration of the international cruise tourism
terminal are just the beginning of India’s journey into the world of cruise tourism. Looking
ahead, plans are underway to establish three additional international cruise terminals by
the year 2024. These upcoming terminals will further enhance the country’s cruise
infrastructure and open up new opportunities for domestic and international cruise travel.
A New Era for Indian Cruise Tourism
The launch of India’s first international cruise vessel and the opening of the international
cruise tourism terminal mark a significant milestone in the development of the country’s
cruise tourism sector. With its rich heritage, cultural diversity, and stunning coastal
regions, India holds immense potential as a cruise destination. As cruise services become
more accessible and affordable, travelers can look forward to enjoying luxurious
amenities, entertainment, and breathtaking views while exploring the seas. The
commitment to expanding cruise infrastructure and fostering partnerships within the
industry demonstrates India’s dedication to embracing the opportunities presented by
the thriving cruise tourism sector.
Antardrishti Dashboard
RBI Governor Shaktikanta Das recently launched a financial inclusion dashboard called
‘Antardrishti’, marking a significant step towards promoting financial inclusion in India.
This innovative tool aims to provide valuable insights for assessing and monitoring the
progress of financial inclusion by capturing relevant parameters.
The Purpose of Antardrishti: Monitoring Financial Inclusion
The primary objective of the Antardrishti dashboard is to evaluate and track the
advancements made in financial inclusion across the country. By analyzing key metrics
and indicators, it enables policymakers and stakeholders to gain a comprehensive
understanding of the current state of financial inclusion. This real-time monitoring allows
for targeted interventions and initiatives to address areas with limited access to financial
services.
Internal Use by the RBI
Initially, the Antardrishti dashboard will be utilized for internal purposes within the
Reserve Bank of India (RBI). This internal usage enables the central bank to gauge the
extent of financial exclusion at granular levels and identify specific regions that require
attention. By examining this data internally, the RBI can devise strategies and collaborate
with relevant stakeholders to promote greater financial inclusion.
Facilitating Financial Inclusion: A Multi-Stakeholder Approach
One of the key advantages of the Antardrishti dashboard is its ability to facilitate greater
financial inclusion through a multi-stakeholder approach. By involving various entities,
such as financial institutions, regulators, and policymakers, in the decision-making
process, the dashboard promotes collective efforts to enhance financial inclusion. This
collaborative approach ensures that diverse perspectives and expertise contribute to the
development of inclusive policies and initiatives.
Understanding the Financial Inclusion Index
In 2021, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) devised the Financial Inclusion (FI) Index as a
reliable means to accurately gauge the level of financial inclusion. The FI Index considers
three crucial dimensions: ‘Access’, ‘Usage’, and ‘Quality’. It encompasses multiple sectors,
including banking, investments, insurance, postal services, and pensions. The index
condenses various aspects of financial inclusion into a single numerical value that ranges
from 0 to 100. The score of zero signifies total exclusion from financial services, whereas a
score of 100 signifies comprehensive inclusion in the financial system.
Involvement of Key Stakeholders
The development of the FI Index involved close collaboration between the government,
sectoral regulators, and the RBI. By leveraging the expertise of these stakeholders, the
index was carefully designed to provide a comprehensive overview of financial inclusion in
India. This inclusive approach ensures that the FI Index accurately reflects the progress
and challenges in achieving financial inclusion goals.
National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF) Rankings 2023
The National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF) Rankings 2023 were recently
released by Minister of State for Education and External Affairs, Rajkumar Ranjan Singh.
These rankings serve as a significant benchmark to assess the quality and performance of
educational institutions across the country.
An Overview of NIRF Rankings 2023
The NIRF rankings encompass four major categories: Overall, Colleges, Universities, and
Research Institutions. The rankings aim to provide valuable insights into the progress and
performance of institutions in terms of academic excellence, research output, and overall
institutional quality. These rankings are available on the official website of NIRF at
nirfindia.org.
Expanding Categories and Dimensions
In its eighth edition, the NIRF rankings have expanded from four to twelve categories,
including eight subject-specific rankings. This expansion allows for a more comprehensive
assessment of institutions across various domains. The subject domains now include
Engineering, Management, Pharmacy, Law, Medical, Architecture and Planning, Dental,
and a new addition—Agriculture and Allied Sectors.
Top Performers in the Overall Category
In the overall category, the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Madras secured the top
position, maintaining its success from the previous year. The Indian Institute of Science
(IISc) in Bengaluru emerged as the leading university, reaffirming its commitment to
academic excellence. Additionally, IISc Bangalore was recognized as the second-best
institution in the overall category.
Excellence in Universities
In the university rankings, IISc Bengaluru retained its top position, showcasing its
consistent commitment to research and academic prowess. Jawaharlal Nehru University
(JNU) and Jamia Millia Islamia (JMI) secured the second and third spots, respectively,
highlighting their contributions to the academic landscape of the country.
Leaders in Engineering
When it comes to engineering institutes, IIT Madras emerged as the top performer for the
second consecutive year. IIT Delhi, IIT Bombay, IIT Kanpur, and IIT Roorkee followed
closely, showcasing their exceptional contributions to engineering education and
research.
Noteworthy Management Institutions
In the field of management, the Indian Institute of Management (IIM) Ahmedabad
secured the top spot, demonstrating its excellence in producing business leaders. IIM
Bangalore, IIM Kozhikode, IIM Calcutta, and IIM Delhi were also recognized for their
outstanding contributions to management education.
Recognizing Achievements in Other Domains
The NIRF rankings also acknowledge the top performers in other domains such as
Pharmacy, Colleges, Medical, Research Institutions, Innovation, Law, Architecture, Dental,
and Agriculture and Allied Sectors. These rankings shed light on the institutions that have
excelled in their respective fields and contribute significantly to the growth of those
domains.
The Significance of NIRF Rankings
The NIRF rankings play a crucial role in evaluating and improving the quality of higher
education in India. By providing a comprehensive assessment and comparison of
institutions, the rankings help students make informed decisions about their academic
pursuits. The NIRF rankings align with the government’s efforts to enhance the quality
and accessibility of education across the nation.
With the expansion of categories and a growing number of participating institutions, the
NIRF rankings continue to evolve and become more inclusive. They serve as a reliable
guide for students, parents, and educational stakeholders, enabling them to identify and
appreciate the best institutions in India.
NHAI’s First ‘Sustainability Report’
The National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) recently released its inaugural
‘Sustainability Report for FY 2021-22’. The report highlights NHAI’s commitment to
environmental sustainability and its efforts in promoting social responsibility.
Governance Structure and Stakeholders
The Sustainability Report provides insights into NHAI’s governance structure, emphasizing
transparency and accountability in its operations. It also highlights the involvement of
various stakeholders in NHAI’s sustainability initiatives.
Reducing Direct and Indirect Emissions
NHAI’s report showcases significant progress in reducing direct emissions. From FY
2019-20 to 2021-22, direct emissions decreased by 18.44% primarily due to reduced fuel
consumption. Moreover, NHAI is actively transitioning towards clean and green energy
sources to further curtail indirect emissions.
Decline in Greenhouse Gas Emissions
The report highlights a commendable decline in Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions. In FY
2020-21, GHG emissions from energy consumption, operations, transport, and travel saw a
reduction of 9.7%, followed by a 2% decline in FY 2021-22. This positive trend underscores
NHAI’s commitment to environmental preservation.
Energy Efficiency in Operations
NHAI has made remarkable strides in improving energy efficiency during its operations. In
FY 2020-21, energy intensity measured in Giga Joules per kilometer reduced by 37%. The
following year, it witnessed a further reduction of 27%. These achievements reflect NHAI’s
focus on adopting sustainable practices in its operations.
Promoting Sustainability in Construction
NHAI is actively promoting sustainability in National Highway construction. The report
highlights the increased use of recycled materials such as fly-ash and plastic waste over
the past three years. This eco-friendly approach aims to minimize environmental impact
and contribute to a circular economy.
Wildlife Protection and Conservation
To mitigate man-animal conflicts and protect wildlife, NHAI has created more than 100
Wildlife Crossings across 20 states in the last three years. These crossings serve as crucial
measures for safeguarding wildlife habitats and promoting sustainable development.
Afforestation and Green Highways
NHAI has embarked on extensive plantation drives to develop eco-friendly National
Highways. The report showcases a significant increase in the number of saplings planted
from 2016-17 to 2021-22, with around 2.74 crore saplings planted to offset direct
emissions from vehicles. NHAI actively collaborates with stakeholders, including State
Rural Livelihood Mission, Self Help Groups, CSR partners, and NGOs, to organize these
plantation drives.
Promoting Inclusivity and Responsible Work Practices
NHAI’s commitment to inclusivity is evident in its efforts to increase women employment
and employment of marginalized communities. Through a performance-based
management system, NHAI has achieved a 7.4% increase in female hiring and an overall
3% increase in its workforce over the past three financial years.
Mizoram Government’s High-Level Committee on Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs)
The Mizoram government has taken a significant step towards addressing the challenges
faced by Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) from Manipur. Under the leadership of
Lalchamliana, the High-Level Committee on IDPs has been established. Additionally, an
executive committee has been formed to implement decisions related to the IDPs. These
initiatives aim to provide relief and humanitarian assistance to those affected by ethnic
clashes.
Leadership and Purpose
Lalchamliana, the Minister for Home and Disaster Management, is heading the High-Level
Committee on IDPs in Mizoram. The executive committee, with H. Lalengmawia as the
member secretary, is responsible for the implementation of decisions pertaining to the
IDPs. The primary objective of these committees is to ensure effective measures for the
well-being of the IDPs.
Refugees and Displaced Population
Mizoram currently provides shelter to more than 40,000 refugees from Myanmar who fled
their country due to the military junta. Additionally, there are 772 refugees from
Bangladesh who have sought refuge in Mizoram, escaping the crackdown by the
Bangladesh army. Moreover, almost 9,000 IDPs from Manipur are facing ethnic clashes
and are in need of support and assistance.
Provision of Relief and Assistance
The executive committee, in collaboration with various departments, is working towards
providing relief and humanitarian assistance to the IDPs from Manipur in Mizoram.
Liaison with concerned departments ensures the effective implementation of relief
measures and addresses the urgent needs of the affected population.
Mizoram Kohhran Hruaitute Committee (MKHC)
The Mizoram Kohhran Hruaitute Committee, representing major churches, plays a crucial
role in supporting the efforts of the committees. Their involvement ensures a
collaborative approach in addressing the challenges faced by the IDPs and provides
additional support in humanitarian initiatives.
Ensuring Oversight and Supervision
The High-Level Committee on IDPs is entrusted with overseeing and supervising the
provision of relief and basic humanitarian assistance. Through these committees, the
Mizoram government aims to ensure that the IDPs receive the necessary support,
including access to food, shelter, healthcare, and other essential services.
Sustainable Green Airports Mission
The Airports Authority of India (AAI) has taken a significant step towards sustainability and
carbon neutrality with the launch of its publication, “Sustainable Green Airports Mission.”
The booklet was unveiled by Jyotiraditya Scindia, the Union Minister of Civil Aviation, on
World Environment Day. The publication highlights the various initiatives undertaken by
AAI to promote sustainable practices and reduce its carbon footprint.
Objectives of the Booklet
The primary objective of the “Sustainable Green Airports Mission” is to document and
inform stakeholders about AAI’s sustainability initiatives. It serves as a comprehensive
platform to track progress, encourage knowledge sharing, and seek cooperation for
enhancing efficient and sustainable airport operations. The booklet aligns with the
Panchamrit goals set by the Prime Minister of India at COP26, focusing on sustainability
and carbon neutrality.
Sustainability Initiatives at AAI Airports
SUGAM showcases the remarkable initiatives taken by AAI airports in promoting
sustainability. AAI has developed a roadmap to transition from fossil fuel-based energy to
green power from renewable sources. With the aim of reducing the carbon footprint, AAI
plans to optimize energy efficiency, increase onsite solar capacity, and explore other
renewable energy options. Notably, AAI already meets around two-thirds of its energy
requirements through renewable sources.
Solar Plants and Renewable Energy
AAI has taken significant steps to encourage the usage of green energy at its airports.
Solar plants with a combined commissioned capacity of 55 MWp have been installed and
commissioned across 42 AAI airports, enabling these airports to run on 100% renewable
energy. This adoption of renewable energy sources not only reduces carbon emissions but
also sets an example for other airports to follow suit.
Driving Towards Net Zero Emissions
The “Sustainable Green Airports Mission” encapsulates the Union Government’s vision of
updated 2030 Nationally Determined Contributions and the long-term goal of achieving
net zero emissions by 2070. The booklet aims to promote transparency and knowledge
sharing among airports, inspiring them to contribute to the collective goal of achieving
net zero emissions. AAI’s sustainability initiatives pave the way for a greener aviation
industry.
June 8, 2023
5th State Food Safety Index
The recently unveiled 5th State Food Safety Index (SFSI) by Dr. Mansukh Mandaviya, the
Union Minister for Health and Family Welfare, has shed light on the performance of states
and union territories in ensuring food safety.
About State Food Safety Index (SFSI)
The State Food Safety Index (SFSI) is an annual evaluation published by FSSAI, designed to
encourage states and union territories to improve their performance and establish strong
food safety systems within their jurisdictions. This comprehensive index assesses various
aspects of food safety across six categories. Introduced in 2018-19, the SFSI promotes
healthy competition and drives positive transformations in the nationwide food safety
landscape, with the ultimate goal of ensuring the availability of safe and nutritious food
for all residents.
Top-performing States and Union Territories
Among larger states, Kerala secured the top ranking in the State Food Safety Index. In the
smaller states category, Goa emerged as the leader, demonstrating exemplary efforts in
maintaining high food safety standards. Additionally, Jammu and Kashmir, Delhi, and
Chandigarh secured the first, second, and third ranks, respectively, among the union
territories.
Training and Infrastructure Development
To ensure food quality standards across the country, the Union Health Minister
announced that the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) will train 25 lakh
food business operators in the next three years. This initiative aims to enhance the
knowledge and skills of food industry professionals, ultimately promoting safer food
practices.
In addition, the Union Health Minister unveiled plans to set up 100 Food Streets across the
country. These Food Streets will serve as benchmarks for food safety, hygiene, and
nutrition, ensuring that consumers have access to quality food in a conducive
environment.
Enhancing Food Safety Practices
To further strengthen food safety practices, FSSAI released three manuals that provide
guidance and analysis methods. The Manual of Methods of Analysis of Foods – Fish & Fish
Products, Manual of Methods of Analysis of Foods – Cereal and Cereal Products – 2nd
edition, and Manual of Methods of Analysis of Foods – Beverages: Tea, Coffee & Chicory
aim to align food analysis with technological advancements and promote adherence to
safety standards.
Mission on Advanced and High-Impact Research (MAHIR)
The Mission on Advanced and High-Impact Research (MAHIR) is a significant initiative
launched by the Ministry of Power and the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy. It aims
to leverage emerging technologies in the power sector through indigenous development
and collaboration.
Objective of MAHIR
MAHIR has several key objectives:
Identify emerging technologies in the power sector that have the potential for future
relevance globally.
Serve as a platform for collective brainstorming among stakeholders in the power
sector.
Support pilot projects for indigenous technologies and fostering their
commercialization.
Leverage foreign alliances to accelerate research and development efforts.
Create a vibrant and innovative ecosystem in the power sector and make India a
leading country in power system technologies and applications.
Funding and Collaboration
MAHIR is funded through a pooling of resources from the Ministry of Power, Ministry
of New and Renewable Energy, and Central Public Sector Enterprises under these
ministries.
Any additional funding required will be mobilized from the budgetary resources of
the Government of India.
This pooling of financial resources ensures comprehensive support for research and
development activities under MAHIR.
Furthermore, the mission encourages outcome-linked funding by inviting proposals
from companies and organizations worldwide.
Structure of MAHIR
MAHIR operates through a two-tier structure comprising a Technical Scoping
Committee and an Apex Committee.
Led by the Chairperson of the Central Electricity Authority, the Technical Scoping
Committee identifies existing and emerging research domains on a global scale.
It recommends potential technologies for development, outlines research plans, and
monitors approved projects.
The Apex Committee, chaired by the Union Minister for Power and New & Renewable
Energy, deliberates on the technologies and products to be developed.
It also approves research proposals and considers international collaborations.
Scope of MAHIR
MAHIR focuses on specific areas of research in the power sector. These areas include
alternatives to Lithium-Ion storage batteries, modifying electric cookers/pans for Indian
cooking methods, and green hydrogen for mobility (High Efficiency Fuel Cell). Additionally,
MAHIR addresses carbon capture, geothermal energy, solid-state refrigeration, nano-
technology for EV battery, and indigenous CRGO technology.
The mission facilitates industry-academia-government collaboration and creates an
ecosystem for innovation and research translation in the power sector. It encourages
collaborations with premier institutions such as IITs, IIMs, NITs, IISERs, and universities.
Furthermore, MAHIR seeks to foster international collaborations to accelerate research,
development, and technology transfer.
Amrit Generation Campaign: Naye Bharat Ke Sapne
The Ministry of Women and Child Development has launched an inspiring initiative called
the Amrit Generation campaign. This campaign aims to empower and engage the youth of
India by providing them a platform to express their aspirations and dreams for the future.
The Amrit Generation Campaign: Encouraging Youth Expression
The Amrit Generation campaign encourages young individuals from all corners of the
nation to demonstrate their creativity and express their dreams by crafting Reels on
popular social media platforms such as Instagram and Facebook. Through these
platforms, participants can visually express their ambitions and what they aspire to
become when they grow up. This campaign fosters a sense of community among the
youth and serves as an inspiration to others.
Partnership with Meta India
Meta India, a leading company in the digital space, has partnered with the Ministry of
Women and Child Development for this significant campaign. This partnership aims to
capture the imagination of young individuals who can visually capture their vision of India
in a reel, fostering the growth of future leaders.
Participation and Submission Guidelines
To participate in the Amrit Generation campaign, interested individuals simply need to
create a reel on Instagram or Facebook showcasing their aspirations and dreams. They
are encouraged to use the hashtag #AmritGeneration. Further details, including eligibility
criteria and submission guidelines, can be found on the Facebook GPA Page and social
media handles of the Ministry of Women and Child Development, Government of India.
Opportunities for Selected Participants
Out of the numerous entries, fifty exceptional submissions will be selected from the
campaign. These selected participants will be granted a unique opportunity to visit New
Delhi and interact with senior policymakers and industry leaders. This invaluable
experience will provide them with insights into their respective fields and offer guidance
on how to achieve their dreams. Additionally, the chosen participants will also have the
chance to visit the Meta office in Gurugram. During this visit, they will learn from industry
leaders and creators about leveraging the potential of a creator economy.
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) Act
The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) is a significant
international treaty that upholds the civil and political rights of individuals. It was adopted
by the UN General Assembly in 1966 and has since gained substantial global participation.
It has been implemented in Sri Lanka through the ICCPR Act, which is facing criticism due
to its misuse by the government.
Understanding the ICCPR
The ICCPR, or International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, is a multilateral treaty
aimed at safeguarding civil and political rights universally. It monitors compliance through
the UN Human Rights Committee, ensuring that state parties uphold their obligations to
respect these fundamental rights. With 173 parties to the ICCPR, it serves as a crucial
instrument for promoting human rights worldwide.
ICCPR in Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka ratified the ICCPR in 1980, aiming to give domestic effect to the rights
recognized by the covenant. The ICCPR Act was enacted in 2007, aligning Sri Lankan law
with the provisions of the ICCPR. However, the Act has faced scrutiny due to its
formulation, which differs significantly from the original ICCPR provisions.
Section 3 and Its Misuse
Section 3 of the ICCPR Act prohibits the propagation of war or advocacy of national, racial,
or religious hatred that incites discrimination, hostility, or violence. Unfortunately, this
section has been selectively enforced, targeting minorities and dissident opinions. Critics
argue that the Act lacks clear differentiation between different types of incitement,
treating offenses such as offensive jokes and direct incitements to violence as equivalent
crimes.
Challenges and Concerns
The implementation of the ICCPR Act in Sri Lanka has raised concerns about the
curtailment of freedom of expression. By allowing arrests without a warrant and without
provision for bail, Section 3 has been misused, potentially enabling arbitrary arrests and
prolonged incarceration. This misuse has resulted in majoritarian oppression, with the law
selectively applied to minority communities, while hate speech by influential figures often
goes unchecked.
Moving Forward
To ensure the effective protection of civil and political rights in Sri Lanka, it is imperative to
address the loopholes in the ICCPR Act. The Act should be amended to clearly define
different forms of incitement and provide appropriate measures for offenses. Additionally,
the selective enforcement of Section 3 should be addressed to foster a more inclusive and
just society.
Spinoza Prize
Indian-origin scientist Joyeeta Gupta has been honored with the prestigious Spinoza Prize,
also known as the ‘Dutch Nobel Prize’, for her remarkable contributions to science and
her commitment to creating a just and sustainable world.
The Spinoza Prize: Celebrating Excellence in Dutch Science
The Spinoza Prize is widely regarded as the highest distinction in Dutch science. It
recognizes outstanding researchers who have made significant advancements in their
fields and have demonstrated exceptional scientific contributions. This coveted award
serves as a testament to their groundbreaking work and profound impact on society.
Joyeeta Gupta’s Extraordinary Achievement
Joyeeta Gupta, a professor of Environment and Development in the Global South at the
University of Amsterdam, has been bestowed with the Spinoza Prize. This accolade
commends her pioneering and inspiring scientific work, which focuses on creating a world
that is both fair and sustainable. Gupta’s research and efforts have significantly
contributed to addressing pressing environmental and developmental issues.
Upcoming Presentation and Gupta’s Plan
The official presentation of the Spinoza Prize is scheduled to take place on October 4th,
where Joyeeta Gupta will be honored for her exceptional achievements. Gupta has
expressed her intention to utilize the prize money to implement the ideas she presented
during her inaugural lecture in 2014. Her focus lies on the global sharing of ‘eco-space’
and the need for a comprehensive global environmental constitution. Through these
initiatives, she aims to address crucial environmental challenges and foster equitable
environmental conditions worldwide.
Virgin Birth in Crocodiles
In a groundbreaking study published in the prestigious journal Biology Letters, titled
“Discovery of facultative parthenogenesis in a new world crocodile”, researchers have
documented the first recorded instance of a “virgin birth” in the reptile species. The
phenomenon, known as facultative parthenogenesis, has fascinated scientists and sheds
light on the reproductive capabilities of certain species.
The Country of the Extraordinary Birth
The remarkable event took place in Costa Rica, a country known for its rich biodiversity
and diverse wildlife. It is here that a crocodile exhibited the astonishing ability to
reproduce without mating.
Understanding Parthenogenesis
Parthenogenesis refers to the ability of sexually reproducing species to generate offspring
without the genetic contributions of males. This fascinating phenomenon has been
observed in various organisms and has now been documented in crocodiles.
The Genetic Link
Through meticulous analysis, researchers found that the genetic similarity between the
mother crocodile and the fetus discovered in one of her eggs was an astounding 99.9%.
This close genetic resemblance further substantiates the occurrence of facultative
parthenogenesis in crocodiles.
Evolutionary Connections
The study suggests that the reproductive strategy observed in crocodiles may have its
evolutionary roots in the age of dinosaurs. The researchers point out that similar
reproductive capabilities may have existed in the extinct archosaurian relatives of
crocodilians and birds, including Pterosauria and Dinosauria.
Assessing Viability
Given the absence of males, the study recommends assessing the potential viability of
eggs in situations where isolation from mates occurs. The findings challenge the
assumption that eggs without male genetic contributions are automatically considered
non-viable.
Unraveling the Mystery
This extraordinary discovery not only highlights the exceptional reproductive capabilities
of crocodiles but also raises questions about the potential occurrence of virgin births in
other species. The study offers valuable insights into the mechanisms of reproduction and
the evolutionary history of reptiles.
Fraser Island Regains its Original Name
Fraser Island, the world’s largest sand island, has recently regained its original name,
K’gari. This momentous event was celebrated by the traditional owners, the Butchulla
people, in the ancient forests of K’gari. The reinstatement of the island’s name holds deep
cultural significance and represents a step towards recognizing and honoring Indigenous
heritage.
Rediscovering K’gari
For almost 200 years, the world knew the island as Fraser Island. However, for the
Butchulla people, it has always been K’gari, a name that translates to “paradise” in their
local language. This significant discrepancy in names highlights the importance of
reclaiming Indigenous identities.
K’gari’s Natural Wonders
K’gari boasts an incredible natural feature – it possesses half the world’s freshwater dune
lakes. This pristine ecosystem attracts hundreds of thousands of visitors each year, who
come to marvel at the island’s unique beauty and experience its diverse flora and fauna.
The reinstatement of K’gari’s name further emphasizes the Indigenous connection to this
natural wonder.
A Journey Towards Restoration
In 2017, the Great Sandy national park on Fraser Island was officially renamed K’gari,
marking a significant step towards restoring the island’s Indigenous identity. This decision
aimed to rectify the historical wrongs associated with the colonial name, which was
derived from a negative tale spread by Eliza Fraser, a survivor of a shipwreck, who
misrepresented the Butchulla people.
Recognition and Rights
In 2014, the Butchulla people were granted native title rights over part of Fraser Island,
acknowledging their deep connection to the land. This recognition of Indigenous rights
symbolizes progress in honoring and respecting the custodianship of the Butchulla people
over their ancestral lands.
Ancient Origins
Scientific research indicates that K’gari, along with the nearby Cooloola Sand Mass,
formed between 700,000 and 1.2 million years ago. The island’s ancient origins contribute
to its geological significance and serve as a reminder of the deep time Indigenous
connection to the land.
Françoise Gilot
Françoise Gilot was a highly accomplished painter whose artistic career was
overshadowed by her tumultuous and well-known romantic relationship with the
renowned artist Pablo Picasso. Despite the challenges she faced, Gilot’s talent and
resilience made her a respected figure in the art world.
Passing at the Age of 101: Remembering Françoise Gilot’s Legacy
At the impressive age of 101, Françoise Gilot passed away, leaving behind a significant
artistic legacy. Her daughter Aurelia Engel confirmed the news, sharing the impact of
Gilot’s recent struggles with heart and lung ailments. Gilot’s longevity and enduring spirit
serve as a testament to her remarkable life.
A Turbulent Relationship: The End of Gilot and Picasso’s Union
In 1953, Gilot ended her relationship with Picasso, marking a significant turning point in
her life. Unlike Picasso’s other mistresses and wives, Gilot managed to rebuild her life,
pursuing her art career and authoring books.
A Memoir That Shook the Art World: “Life with Picasso”
In 1964, Gilot collaborated with Carlton Lake to publish her memoir titled “Life with
Picasso.” The book provided a candid and often sympathetic account of their relationship.
Gilot dedicated the memoir to Picasso himself, revealing the complex dynamics that
existed between them. The publication became an international bestseller, but it also led
to a rupture in their relationship.
Recognizing Gilot’s Artistic Merit: Record Prices and Global Recognition
While Gilot’s relationship with Picasso brought her public recognition, her talent as an
artist also deserves acknowledgment. Her paintings have been showcased in prestigious
museums worldwide, including the Metropolitan Museum of Art and the Museum of
Modern Art in New York, and the Centre Pompidou in Paris. Over the years, her artwork
has commanded increasingly higher prices, with recent sales exceeding previous records.
What is Silent Barker?
The US Space Force, in collaboration with the National Reconnaissance Office (NRO), is
gearing up to launch a satellite constellation called Silent Barker. This constellation is
specifically designed to address the growing concerns surrounding Chinese and Russian
space vehicles that have the potential to disable or damage orbiting objects.
Silent Barker: Tracking Threats in Geosynchronous Orbit
The primary objective of the Silent Barker satellite constellation is to track and monitor
Chinese or Russian space vehicles that pose a threat to critical orbiting objects. By
deploying this constellation, the US Space Force aims to enhance its ability to detect,
detect, and track potential threats against high-value US systems.
Placing Satellites in Geosynchronous Orbit
The satellites of the Silent Barker constellation will be positioned approximately 22,000
miles (35,400 kilometers) above the Earth in geosynchronous orbit. This orbit allows the
satellites to match the Earth’s rotational speed, ensuring continuous coverage and
effective monitoring capabilities.
Operational Support by Boeing Co.-Lockheed Martin Corp.’s United Launch Alliance
To facilitate the launch of the Silent Barker satellites, the operational support will be
provided by the Boeing Co.-Lockheed Martin Corp.’s United Launch Alliance. The Atlas V
booster will be employed for this crucial mission, ensuring the successful deployment of
the satellite constellation.
Enhancing Space Surveillance in Response to Adversary Satellites
Silent Barker is a direct response to the efforts made by China and Russia to develop
systems capable of targeting and disabling satellites. The constellation significantly
increases the US Space Force’s ability to track adversary satellites that may maneuver in
proximity to American assets in space.
Addressing Concerns of Space Weaponization
China’s and Russia’s weapons and counterspace operations have raised concerns among
US officials. The Silent Barker satellite constellation aims to mitigate these concerns by
providing timely indications and warnings of potential threats against US and allied
satellites.
Overcoming Limitations of Ground-Based Sensors
Surveillance from space offers significant advantages over ground-based sensors. It
overcomes limitations imposed by distance, geography, and weather, enabling 24-hour
collection of satellite data. Silent Barker’s space-based surveillance capabilities fill critical
observation gaps and offer a comprehensive view of activities in orbit.
Multiple Space Vehicles for Enhanced Coverage
While the exact number of satellites comprising the Silent Barker constellation remains
undisclosed, it is confirmed that multiple space vehicles will be deployed. This approach
ensures broader coverage and allows for effective monitoring of adversary satellites.
Homo naledi Burials and Carvings
New research on Homo naledi, an extinct human species, has brought forth intriguing
evidence suggesting that they may have engaged in burial practices and created
meaningful symbolic carvings. These findings challenge previous notions that such
behaviors were unique to Homo sapiens and Neanderthals. Let’s explore the details of
this significant discovery.
Homo Naledi: An Enigmatic Species
Homo naledi is a recently discovered human species that lived hundreds of thousands of
years ago. In 2014, paleoanthropologist Lee Berger and his team uncovered over 1,500
fossil specimens belonging to 15 individuals in the Rising Star cave system in South Africa.
This find shed light on a species with a unique blend of ancient and modern traits.
Unearthing Burial Practices
Traditionally, burying the dead has been considered a distinct human behavior. However,
researcher André Gonçalves explains that mortuary behavior, such as observing or
interacting with a dead body, is also observed in chimpanzees and elephants. Funerary
behaviors, on the other hand, are exhibited by creatures capable of complex thought and
a sense of separation from the natural world.
Berger’s team reported evidence of burials within the Rising Star system. The Homo
naledi corpses appeared to have been placed in purposely dug pits and covered with dirt.
In one case, the body was arranged in a fetal position, a common feature in early human
burials. Notably, an intriguing rock resembling a stone tool was found near one of the
bodies, potentially the only associated tool with Homo naledi discovered so far.
Symbolic Carvings in the Cave
In July of the previous year, the researchers discovered engraved geometric shapes on
dolomite stone within the cave. The carvings, composed mostly of lines measuring 5 to 15
centimeters, formed patterns such as squares, triangles, crosses, and ladders. Creating
these designs would have required significant effort due to the hardness of the dolomite
rock.
While the engravings were found in proximity to the Homo naledi burials, dating them
accurately poses a challenge due to the cave’s dolomite limestone walls. However, if the
carvings can be linked to Homo naledi and confirmed to be from the same period, it would
prompt a revision of our understanding of human cognition evolution.
Implications and Skepticism
If confirmed, these burials would be the earliest known, surpassing existing records by at
least 100,000 years. The discovery of intentional symbolic carvings would further highlight
the cognitive capabilities of Homo naledi. Nevertheless, experts reviewing the research
have met the findings with skepticism. Some propose that water may have transported
bone fragments to natural depressions in the cave, which were later filled with sediment.
While more research is needed to validate these discoveries, the possibility of burial
practices and symbolic carvings among Homo naledi opens up new perspectives on the
complexities of human evolution and cognition. Further exploration of the Rising Star cave
system may unveil additional insights into the behaviors and cultural practices of this
enigmatic human species.
Andhra Pradesh’s Guaranteed Pension Scheme (GPS)
In a significant policy decision, the Andhra Pradesh Cabinet announced on June 7 its
approval to replace the Contributory Pension Scheme (CPS) with the Guaranteed Pension
Scheme (GPS) for government employees. This move aims to provide enhanced financial
security and benefits to pensioners.
The Transition to GPS: Ensuring Higher Pension
Under the GPS, pensioners will now receive 50% of their last drawn salary as pension, a
substantial increase compared to the 20.3% they received under the CPS. This transition is
a positive step towards prioritizing the welfare of retired government employees and
acknowledging their dedicated service.
Addressing Inflation and Ensuring Stability
The government has also made provisions under the GPS to adjust for inflation. Although
the specific details of this provision were not mentioned in the available information, it
indicates a conscious effort to protect pensioners’ financial well-being by considering the
impact of inflation on their livelihoods.
Employee Demands and Government’s Response
Government employees, including teachers, had been persistently demanding the
restoration of the Old Pension Scheme (OPS) and the discontinuation of the CPS. This
decision by the Andhra Pradesh Cabinet is a response to those demands, indicating a
willingness to address the concerns and aspirations of the employees.
Comparison of CPS and GPS
Under the CPS, employees who joined service after September 1, 2004, contributed 10% of
their basic salary towards the pension, with the government matching the amount. After
retirement, employees were able to withdraw 60% of the pension corpus, while the
remaining 40% was annuity investment subject to market fluctuations.
In contrast, under the GPS, pensioners will receive 50% of their basic salary in the last
drawn salary as pension, with the same 10% contribution rate. The Dearness Relief (DR)
announced by the Union government every six months will be extended to GPS
pensioners, further enhancing their financial security.
Harnessing Geraniol for Eggplant Crop Protection
Farmers face numerous challenges in protecting their eggplant crops from pests,
including the shoot and fruit borer (SFB). However, recent research conducted by
scientists at the Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune has
uncovered a natural compound called geraniol, which shows promising results in reducing
the reliance on synthetic pesticides. This discovery has the potential to revolutionize
eggplant cultivation and ensure a safer and healthier crop.
Unveiling Geraniol’s Effects
The research revealed that moths displayed a remarkable aversion to plants infused with
geraniol, particularly the Himalayan eggplant variety known as RC-RL-22 (RL22). Unlike
other eggplant varieties, which suffer significant losses from the SFB and require heavy
pesticide spraying, RL22 demonstrated natural resistance due to the presence of geraniol.
Geraniol’s Role in Pest Control
Geraniol acts as a deterrent, preventing gravid SFB females from laying eggs on RL22
plants. This breakthrough finding offers a promising alternative to synthetic pesticides,
reducing the risks associated with chemical usage and protecting the environment. By
emitting geraniol, farmers can effectively deter pests and reduce infestations, ensuring a
healthier and more abundant eggplant harvest.
Experimentation and Results
The IISER Pune research team conducted experiments using different eggplant varieties,
including the Eastern Himalayan variety (RL22), as well as popular Indian varieties. Within
a controlled environment, they observed the oviposition behavior of SFB females and
recorded their response to plants infused with geraniol. The results were significant, with
moths avoiding RL22 plants and laying fewer eggs compared to other varieties. Gas
chromatography and mass spectrometry further confirmed geraniol’s deterrent effects.
Future Implications
The discovery of geraniol’s potential in eggplant cultivation offers a sustainable and
natural solution to combat pests like the SFB. By harnessing this compound, farmers can
protect their crops, reduce the reliance on synthetic pesticides, and mitigate health risks.
Further research and implementation of geraniol-emitting devices hold the promise of
transforming eggplant farming practices and ensuring a safer, more environmentally
friendly approach to agriculture.
Air Defender 23
The multinational exercise, Air Defender 23, is set to make history as the largest air force
deployment exercise conducted by NATO. This joint endeavor involves 25 nations coming
together to train in the airspace above Europe in a display of transatlantic solidarity.
A Massive Deployment
Air Defender 23 is expected to witness the articipation of approximately 10,000 servicemen
and women from 25 nations. With a fleet of 250 aircraft, including 23 different types, this
exercise showcases the diverse capabilities and cooperation among allied air forces.
The German Air Force Takes the Lead
Under the leadership of the German Air Force, the exercise is scheduled to take place from
June 12 to 23. Germany has assumed the role of the logistical hub for the operation,
facilitating the coordination and smooth execution of the exercise.
Training Areas and Airspaces
Air Defender 23 will primarily focus on three key training areas in Germany: Jagel/Hohn in
Schleswig-Holstein, Wunstorf in Lower Saxony, and Lechfeld in Bavaria. These locations
will serve as the main hubs for the participating nations to conduct their air operations
and training exercises.
Enhancing Joint Response Capability
The exercise aims to enhance the joint response capability of the air forces involved,
particularly in crisis situations. By simulating a NATO Article 5 assistance scenario, the
participating nations can strengthen their cooperation and optimize their operational
effectiveness.
Participating Nations
A total of 25 nations are actively participating in Air Defender 23. These include Belgium,
Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Italy, Japan, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Slovenia,
Spain, Sweden, Turkey, the United Kingdom, and the United States.
A Historic Demonstration
Air Defender 23 marks a significant milestone in NATO’s history, reflecting the alliance’s
commitment to collective defense and joint operations. As the largest air force
deployment exercise to date, it showcases the strength, capabilities, and cooperative spirit
of NATO member nations.
HUDA City Centre-Cyber City Metro Project
The central government has given its approval for a groundbreaking metro project that
aims to revolutionize connectivity in Gurugram. The project, which will connect Huda City
Centre to Gurugram’s Cyber City with a spur to Dwarka Expressway, is set to become a
game-changer for the region.
Cost and Distance Covered
The new metro project comes with a substantial budget of ₹5,452 crore, highlighting the
significance and scale of the endeavor. It will cover a distance of 28.5 km, providing an
extensive network that will enhance connectivity and transportation options for residents
and commuters alike.
Impressive Number of Railway Stations
In its journey, the new metro project will pass through an impressive total of 27 railway
stations. This comprehensive coverage ensures that various areas and neighborhoods
along the route will benefit from improved access to transportation facilities and
enhanced mobility.
Implementation and Contributions
Haryana Mass Rapid Transport Corporation Ltd. (HMRTC) has been entrusted with the
implementation of this transformative project. The central government has allocated a
significant contribution of Rs. 896.19 crore, while the Haryana government will provide Rs.
1,432.49 crore. This collaborative effort demonstrates a strong commitment to the
development and progress of the region’s infrastructure.
Standard Gauge for Efficiency
The metro project will be a fully elevated system with a standard gauge of 1435 mm (5 ft
8.5 inches). This gauge size ensures efficiency and compatibility with existing metro
networks, facilitating seamless connectivity and ease of travel for passengers.
Projected Timeline
The completion of the new metro project is expected within a span of four years. This
relatively short timeline demonstrates the government’s commitment to expedite the
development of this vital infrastructure, enabling residents to experience the benefits of
enhanced connectivity at the earliest.
Proposed Setup and Benefits
The implementation of the project will be carried out through Harayana Mass Rapid
Transport Corporation Limited (HMRTC), which will serve as a 50:50 Special Purpose
Vehicle (SPV) jointly owned by the Government of India and the Government of Haryana.
This setup ensures efficient coordination and streamlined execution of the project.
The new metro project brings a multitude of advantages to the region. It will connect New
Gurugram with Old Gurugram, bridging the gap between different parts of the city and
enabling seamless travel for residents and visitors. Additionally, the metro network will
provide convenient connectivity to Indian Railway stations, further enhancing intermodal
transportation options. Future plans also include extending the network to connect to the
Indira Gandhi International (IGI) airport, an important step in improving air-rail
connectivity. Lastly, the project is poised to stimulate overall economic development in the
area, attracting investments and fostering growth.
Devankanam Charuharitham (Beautiful Green Abodes of God)
The Kerala government has taken a unique approach to tackle climate change and its
negative impacts in the state. In an ambitious project, the government aims to enhance
the green cover of over 3000 temples managed by five Devaswom Boards under its
control.
Inauguration on World Environment Day
On June 5, which is celebrated as World Environment Day, the project, named
‘Devankanam Charuharitham’ (Beautiful Green Abodes of God), was inaugurated. This
project will encompass more than 3800 temples across Kerala that fall under the
management of the five Devaswom Boards.
Objective of the Project
The primary focus of the project is to improve the green cover around the temples. The
idea is to utilize the land banks possessed by the Devaswom Boards and grow trees on
these lands, thereby enhancing the overall greenery in the state. Additionally, the project
envisions the planting of various flowering plants and fruit-bearing trees within the
temple compounds. This will not only contribute to the aesthetics but also ensure a
sustainable supply of flowers and fruits for daily temple use, making the temples self-
reliant.
Renovation of Temple Ponds and Preservation of Sacred Groves
Alongside the green cover enhancement, the project also includes the renovation of
abandoned temple ponds, recognizing their significance as a primary source of water in
various areas. The dilapidated temple ponds will be restored and preserved with funding
from the government, ensuring their sustainable utilization.
Moreover, the project emphasizes the protection of sacred groves, which are places of
worship with serpent deities kept in the open within protected natural forests. The
existing sacred groves will be safeguarded, and as more temples develop their green
cover, the overall greenery in the state will witness a substantial improvement.
Collaborative Implementation
The implementation of this project involves the cooperation of multiple Devaswom
Boards. Along with the Travancore Devaswom Board, the Kochi, Malabar, Guruvayur, and
Koodalmanickam Devaswom Boards are actively participating in this endeavor.
Additionally, the properties owned by the Devaswom Boards will also be included in the
project, expanding its reach and impact.
Promoting Environmental Protection and Awareness
The underlying objective of this project is to make temples symbols of environmental
protection. Temples have long embraced eco-friendly practices by using organic materials
derived from nature for rituals and ceremonies. By extending their commitment to
environmental consciousness, these temples aim to raise awareness among the public
about the importance of safeguarding the environment.
Exploration of Coal and Lignite Scheme Extended
The government has given its approval for the continuation of the ‘Exploration of Coal and
Lignite Scheme.’ The central sector scheme aims to explore coal and lignite resources in
the country, estimate their availability, and prepare detailed project reports for coal
mining. The Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs, chaired by Prime Minister Narendra
Modi, has granted an estimated expenditure of ₹2,980 crore for the extension of the
scheme.
Continuation and Time Period
The scheme will be extended from the fiscal year 2021-22 to 2025-26, aligning with the
15th Finance Commission cycle. This extension ensures sustained efforts and investments
in the exploration of coal and lignite resources for the benefit of the country’s energy
sector.
Exploration Stages and Allocated Outlays
The ‘Exploration of Coal and Lignite Scheme’ involves two main stages: Promotional
(Regional) Exploration and Detailed Exploration in non-Coal India Limited (CIL) blocks. A
significant allocation of ₹1,650 crore has been made for promotional (Regional)
exploration, which aims to cover an area of approximately 1,300 sq km. Additionally,
₹1,330 crore has been earmarked for detailed drilling in non-CIL areas, covering about 650
sq km.
Objective and Utilization of Geological Reports
The primary objective of exploring coal and lignite resources is to assess their presence,
quantity, and quality within the country. This information is crucial for preparing detailed
project reports that guide coal mining activities. The geological reports, generated
through these explorations, play a vital role in the auctioning of new coal blocks. The cost
incurred during exploration is subsequently recovered from successful allocatees,
ensuring a sustainable financing model for the scheme.
June 9, 2023
India, France and UAE Maritime Partnership Exercise
The first-ever India-France-UAE Maritime Partnership Exercise recently took place in the
Gulf of Oman. This exercise marked a significant milestone in strengthening trilateral
cooperation among the navies of India, France, and the United Arab Emirates (UAE). With
the objective of improving joint strategies and ensuring maritime security, the exercise
witnessed the participation of several naval assets and the execution of various
operations.
Location and Participants
The exercise unfolded in the Gulf of Oman, a strategic maritime region known for its
crucial trade routes and geopolitical significance. Indian Navy’s INS Tarkash, a powerful
frigate, played a pivotal role in the exercise alongside the French Navy’s Surcouf. Adding
to the exercise’s prowess, advanced Rafale fighter jets were deployed to demonstrate the
airpower capabilities of the participating nations.
Naval Operations and Exercises
The India-France-UAE Maritime Partnership Exercise encompassed a wide range of naval
operations, including surface warfare and helicopter cross-deck landing operations. These
operations tested the coordination, interoperability, and tactical skills of the naval forces
involved. Additionally, advanced air defense exercises were conducted, highlighting the
joint efforts in safeguarding the skies above the maritime domain.
Objective and Collaborative Focus
The primary objective of this maritime partnership exercise was to improve trilateral
cooperation among the Indian, French, and UAE navies. The exercise aimed to foster
greater understanding, trust, and synergy among the participating forces. The
development of joint strategies to address both traditional and non-traditional threats in
the maritime environment was a key focus. Moreover, the exercise emphasized
collaboration to ensure the safety of mercantile trade and the freedom of navigation in
the high seas.
UGC Introduces New Degree Nomenclatures
In a move aligned with global norms and the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020, the
higher education regulator in India, the University Grants Commission (UGC), is set to
introduce a fresh range of college degree names. These changes aim to enhance the
flexibility and alignment of degree programs with contemporary educational
requirements.
Section 22 of the UGC Act
Section 22 of the UGC Act has the provisions to empower the Universities Grants
Commission to notify new degree nomenclatures. It is in line with this provision that the
UGC is planning to introduce new names that align with the aspirations of the NEP 2020.
Introducing New Degree Names
Traditionally, Bachelor of Science (BSc) degrees have been associated with science
subjects in India, while Bachelor of Arts (BA) degrees have encompassed arts, humanities,
and social sciences. However, considering the restructuring proposed by the NEP 2020, a
committee appointed by the University Grants Commission (UGC) has recommended the
introduction of Bachelor of Science (BS) degrees for all four-year undergraduate honours
programs, regardless of the discipline. This change emphasizes a more comprehensive
understanding of the evolving academic landscape.
Flexibility Across Disciplines
The committee’s recommendations extend beyond undergraduate programs. They
suggest that universities can adopt the Master of Science (MS) nomenclature for
postgraduate programs, even in non-science disciplines like arts, humanities,
management, and commerce. This move acknowledges the evolving nature of knowledge
domains and highlights the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration in today’s world.
Harvard’s Example and Differentiating Degrees
Harvard University, known for its academic excellence, offers both BA and BS degrees in
engineering sciences. The differentiation lies in the curriculum and requirements. A BA
engineering student earns fewer credits and has more flexibility to explore other fields of
interest, while a BS engineering student receives a more specialized and technically
rigorous education. This approach recognizes the diverse aspirations and preferences of
students, allowing them to tailor their education accordingly.
Four-Year Honours Degrees and Research
The committee’s recommendations also include the introduction of the ‘Hons’
designation for four-year undergraduate honours programs. For instance, degrees like BA
(Hons), BCom (Hons), or BS (Hons) will signify the additional depth and research
components incorporated into these programs. This step acknowledges the importance of
research-oriented education and promotes a spirit of inquiry among students.
Scrapping the ‘MPhil’ Degree
Aligned with the NEP 2020’s directive, the committee recommends discontinuing the
‘MPhil’ degree. This move aims to streamline the educational landscape and reduce
redundancies in academic programs, aligning them with global practices.
Flexibility in Program Completion
Acknowledging the varying pace of learning, the committee suggests that if a student has
earned all the required credits for a program before its official duration, they should be
eligible for the award of the respective qualification. This recognizes individual progress
and encourages lifelong learning.
Source of Solar Wind
The Parker Solar Probe, a pioneering solar mission, has ventured closer to the sun to
unravel its mysteries. This groundbreaking mission has made a remarkable
discovery—the source of the solar wind. Understanding the solar wind is of great
significance as it carries particles and energy from the sun’s corona towards Earth.
Unveiling the Source of the Solar Wind
Researchers from the University of California-Berkley, utilizing data collected by the Parker
Solar Probe, have shed light on the origin of the solar wind. This stream of particles,
originating from the sun’s corona, constitutes an essential component of space weather
that can impact our planet.
Predicting Space Weather and Solar Storms
The discovery of the solar wind’s source is a breakthrough moment for scientists. It
enables more accurate predictions of space weather and solar storms, which can have
profound effects on Earth’s technological infrastructure and communication networks. By
understanding the mechanisms behind the sun’s wind, scientists can anticipate and
mitigate the potential risks associated with these space phenomena.
Unraveling the Mechanism of Coronal Holes
The data collected by the Parker Solar Probe has revealed fascinating insights into the
workings of coronal holes. These regions resemble showerheads on the sun’s surface,
characterized by jets appearing as bright spots. The probe’s findings indicate that these
coronal holes are associated with the supergranulation flows within the sun’s
atmosphere. Magnetic fields passing in and out of the photosphere create these
supergranulation cells, resulting in intensified magnetic energy within the funnel
structures.
The Role of Magnetic Reconnection
Within these funnel structures of coronal holes, the process of magnetic reconnection
plays a crucial role. It serves as the energy source for the fast solar wind. Magnetic
reconnection occurs when magnetic fields realign and release energy, fueling the solar
wind in these specific regions. This discovery provides valuable insights into the dynamics
of the solar wind and its relationship with magnetic phenomena.
Practical Implications and Protection of Communication Networks
Understanding the mechanisms behind the solar wind has practical implications.
Knowledge of energy release mechanisms and the driving force behind geomagnetic
storms aids in the protection of critical communication networks. By comprehending the
solar wind’s origin and behavior, scientists can develop improved models and predictive
capabilities to safeguard our technological infrastructure.
ESA's Experiment on Frying in Space
The European Space Agency (ESA) has undertaken an intriguing study to investigate the
effects of microgravity on culinary methods like frying. Conducted during parabolic flights
that simulate weightlessness, this pioneering research aims to understand the dynamics
of frying in space. By exploring these culinary techniques, scientists strive to enhance food
options and security for astronauts on long-duration missions, such as those to the Moon
and Mars.
Unveiling the Process: Frying in Microgravity
Led by ESA, the study involved frying food in a microgravity environment to evaluate the
behavior of bubbles and their interaction with the surface of the food. The researchers
used parabolic flights, which ascend and descend in arcs, to create brief periods of
weightlessness. These flights, known as parabolic flights, offered a unique opportunity to
simulate microgravity conditions and observe the frying process in space.
Capturing the Dynamics: Insights from High-Speed Cameras
During the experiment, a high-speed, high-resolution camera meticulously documented
the evolution of bubbles during the frying process. It captured crucial details, including
their growth rate, size, distribution, and escape velocity from the surface of the potato.
This comprehensive analysis provided valuable insights into the behavior of bubbles in
microgravity and their impact on the frying process.
Defying Buoyancy: Frying in the Absence of Gravity
In a significant breakthrough, the researchers observed that even in the absence of
buoyancy, bubbles detached from the surface of the potato. This remarkable
phenomenon defied conventional expectations since buoyancy, which causes oil bubbles
to rise, does not occur in microgravity. The absence of gravity, however, did not hinder the
contact between the hot oil and the potato surface. Consequently, the researchers
successfully achieved frying, highlighting the adaptability of culinary methods in space.
Experimental Evidence and Astronaut Food Security
The study’s findings provide experimental evidence that frying can indeed occur in space.
This breakthrough holds significant implications for astronauts embarking on extended
missions, such as those to the Moon and Mars. Perfecting cooking techniques allows
astronauts to enjoy a wider variety of food options and ensures better food security
throughout their missions. With the ability to cook and fry in space, astronauts can relish
familiar and comforting meals that positively impact their mental and physical well-being.
Advancing Culinary Techniques for Space Exploration
The research conducted by ESA paves the way for advancements in cooking skills and
techniques for space exploration. By better understanding the dynamics of frying in
microgravity, scientists can refine methods and develop specialized equipment to facilitate
food preparation and enhance the quality of space cuisine. Such developments play a vital
role in ensuring the success and well-being of future astronauts during prolonged
missions.
Ignoring Red Lines: Violence Against Health Care in Conflict 2022
A report titled “Ignoring Red Lines: Violence Against Health Care in Conflict 2022” was
released recently by the Safeguarding Health in Conflict Coalition (SHCC). It revealed that
the incidence of violence against healthcare workers in Mali increased by more than two-
fold in 2022 in comparison to the previous year, 2021. A staggering total of 46 such
incidents were identified, highlighting the heightened risks faced by those on the front
lines of medical services.
Global Insights: A Wider Perspective on Violence in Conflict Zones
The SHCC’s report extended beyond Mali, documenting 1,989 attacks and threats against
healthcare facilities and personnel across 32 countries and territories plagued by armed
conflict and political instability in 2022. Among these nations, Ukraine and Myanmar
reported the highest number of attacks on healthcare infrastructure and personnel,
underscoring the dire situation faced by healthcare workers worldwide.
Trends and Challenges: Understanding the Impact
According to the report, there was an overall increase in reported incidents of violence
against healthcare in conflict zones in 2022 compared to 2021. While violence decreased in
some regions like the Central African Republic, Ethiopia, and Syria, it rose in countries
across West and Central Africa, including Mali. This highlights the complex challenges
faced by healthcare workers in regions grappling with ongoing conflicts and instability.
Mali’s Troubled Regions: Kidnappings and Looting
The Mopti region in Mali witnessed a distressing number of health worker kidnappings,
with at least 26 healthcare professionals abducted in 11 incidents while traveling to or
from work, non-profit bases, or remote areas to provide vital healthcare services.
Additionally, regions such as Gao, Mopti, Sikasso, and Tombouctou experienced frequent
looting of essential medicine supplies and equipment. Armed groups targeted health
centers and communities, exacerbating the limited availability of healthcare services in
these areas.
Consequences on Research and Activities
The impact of violence against health workers extends beyond immediate risks and
physical harm. The SHCC report highlighted how international non-profit organizations
suspended planned activities, including crucial research and health surveys aimed at
identifying disease prevalence. The difficulties in conducting research and surveys due to
violence not only hinder public health policies but also impede the provision of targeted
healthcare services to vulnerable populations.
District Good Governance Index (DGGI) of Arunachal Pradesh
The District Good Governance Index (DGGI) has emerged as a significant tool in assessing
and benchmarking governance at the district level in India. Arunachal Pradesh, a state in
the northeast region, has implemented this innovative approach to evaluate the
effectiveness of governance in its 25 districts.
DGGI: A Path to Next-Generation Administrative Reforms
The District Good Governance Index, is a comprehensive assessment developed jointly by
the Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances (DARPG) and the
Government of Arunachal Pradesh. This index signifies a leap towards next-generation
administrative reforms by providing a standardized framework for evaluating governance
practices.
Arunachal Pradesh’s Leading Role
Arunachal Pradesh has taken the lead in embracing the DGGI as the first state in the
northeast region to implement this initiative. The index benchmarks governance across
the state’s 25 districts, covering various sectors and indicators, with a total of 65 indicators
used to assess the districts’ performance.
Ranking and Divisions
The districts of Arunachal Pradesh have been categorized into three divisions: East, West,
and Central. This division-wise ranking enables a better understanding of the governance
landscape within the state and facilitates targeted interventions to address specific
challenges and gaps.
Promoting Effective Governance
The District Good Governance Index serves as a valuable tool for providing guidance to
the state government and district administration in addressing existing gaps and
formulating strategies for improvement. By promoting healthy competition among
districts, the index fosters a citizen-centric approach to administration and encourages
good governance practices.
Enhancing Decision-Making
The DGGI’s comprehensive assessment enables decision-makers to make informed
choices by analyzing the performance of districts across multiple sectors. It facilitates
evidence-based decision-making, aiding policymakers in developing effective strategies
and interventions to bridge gaps and improve governance outcomes.
EU Deal on Equitable Refugee Hosting
The European Union (EU) has achieved a significant breakthrough in its efforts to revise
rules for the equitable sharing of hosting asylum seekers. The deal was reached on June 8,
during a day of intense negotiations between EU interior ministers in Luxembourg.
Reaching the Majority and Population Threshold
In order for the deal to be approved, it required the endorsement of a majority of
countries representing at least 65% of the EU’s population. After years of contentious
debates and disagreements over asylum policies, this agreement marks a decisive step
forward.
Compulsory Help and Two Approaches
The proposal presented at the meeting called for compulsory assistance between EU
member states, offering two options for implementation. The focus was on sharing the
hosting of asylum seekers, particularly those arriving in countries located on the EU’s
outer rim, such as Italy and Greece.
Financial Consequences and Voting Results
According to the agreed-upon terms, countries that refuse to host refugees will be
required to pay 20,000 euros (USD 21,000) per person. This financial contribution will be
directed to a fund managed by Brussels. Notably, Poland and Hungary voted against the
proposals, while Bulgaria, Malta, Lithuania, and Slovakia abstained from voting.
The Path Ahead
This preliminary agreement paves the way for negotiations with the European Parliament,
aiming to establish legislation that could be adopted before the European elections
scheduled for June next year.
Addressing a Growing Challenge
The number of asylum seekers has risen recently, following a pause caused by the
Covid-19 pandemic. As a result, the issue has become a top priority on the EU’s agenda. In
2020, the European Commission presented a new pact proposal based on a quota system,
which faced objections from countries like Hungary and Poland.
Swedish Compromise Texts
Sweden proposed two compromise texts to address these concerns. The first suggested a
hosting-or-cash approach, allowing member states to choose between hosting refugees
or providing financial contributions. The second text focused on implementing fast-track
mechanisms at the borders for arrivals from countries considered safe, facilitating their
return.
Atlantic Declaration
On June 8, the United States and the United Kingdom forged a new strategic pact to
address pressing global challenges. This pact, known as the Atlantic Declaration, was
adopted by US President Joe Biden and UK Prime Minister Rishi Sunak. The focus of this
agreement is to tackle the rising influence of China, the aggressive actions of Russia, and
economic instability that threatens both nations.
Discussions at the White House Summit
During the White House summit, President Biden and Prime Minister Sunak engaged in
crucial discussions on two primary topics. The first was Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, which
has raised significant concerns among global leaders. The second topic centered around
the rapid development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and its impact on various sectors.
The UK plans is to host the world’s first AI summit in Britain. This summit will gather
“likeminded” countries to discuss and exchange ideas on Artificial Intelligence. However,
there are headwinds to Sunak’s AI aspirations. The United States and the European Union
are already engaged in their own dialogue on an AI code of conduct, prompting the need
for coordination and harmonization among these initiatives.
Challenges to International Stability
The Atlantic Declaration explicitly recognizes the challenges that threaten international
stability. The agreement acknowledges the rise of authoritarian states, the disruptive
influence of advanced technologies, the impact of non-state actors, and the transnational
challenges posed by climate change. By addressing these concerns head-on, both nations
aim to foster a more stable and secure global environment.
RBI Guidelines on Default Loss Guarantee
The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has taken a significant step by allowing a ‘first loss default
guarantee’ (FLDG) arrangement between regulated entities and lending service providers.
This move aims to enhance the digital lending sector and mitigate credit risks associated
with it.
Understanding Synthetic Securitisation
Synthetic securitisation is a structure used to transfer credit risk in part or whole through
credit derivatives or guarantees. It involves hedging the credit risk of an underlying pool
of exposures, while the lender retains the portfolio on its balance sheet.
Default Loss Guarantee Arrangements
Regulated entities, such as banks and NBFCs, can now enter into default loss guarantee
(DLG) arrangements with lending service providers or other regulated entities. These
arrangements offer a credit-risk sharing agreement where a third party guarantees to
compensate up to a certain percentage of default in the loan portfolio of the regulated
entity.
Forms of Default Loss Guarantees
The guidelines issued by the RBI specify various forms of default loss guarantees allowed
for regulated entities. These include cash deposits with such entities, fixed deposits
maintained with a lien marked in favor of the entity, and bank guarantees in favor of the
entity.
Key Requirements and Responsibilities
Regulated entities must ensure that the total amount of default loss guarantee cover on
any outstanding loan portfolio does not exceed five percent of that portfolio. It is the
responsibility of the regulated entity to recognize individual loan assets in the portfolio as
non-performing assets and make the necessary provisions accordingly.
Furthermore, the RBI has directed regulated entities to establish a board-approved policy
before entering into any DLG arrangement. It is important to note that the DLG
arrangement cannot act as a substitute for credit appraisal requirements. Robust credit
underwriting standards must be maintained irrespective of the guarantee cover.
RBI Guidelines on OTS
The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has recently introduced significant changes to the
regulations governing one-time settlements (OTS) and technical write-offs of loans. The
RBI has issued detailed guidelines aimed at streamlining the process and ensuring greater
accountability in these areas for all regulated entities.
Purpose of the Detailed Guidelines
The primary objective of the detailed guidelines provided by the RBI is to establish a
comprehensive framework for OTS and technical write-offs. These guidelines aim to
define the process, set precedents, and outline a graded framework for staff
accountability, all within specific timelines. The guidelines also emphasize the need for a
settlement policy that includes permissible sacrifices for different exposures and focuses
on maximizing recovery while minimizing expenses.
Approval and Reporting Requirements
The RBI mandates that compromise settlements for fraud or wilful defaulters must receive
approval from the board of the regulated entity. In cases where the payment period for a
compromise settlement exceeds three months, it will be treated as a restructuring. Such
compromise settlements, along with technical write-offs, need to be approved either by
the Managing Director and CEO or a board level committee, and subsequently reported to
the board.
Cooling Period and Judicial Proceedings
Borrowers opting for an OTS are subject to a cooling period of at least 12 months for farm
credit exposures. During this period, regulated entities cannot assume fresh exposures
with these borrowers. Additionally, when there are ongoing judicial recovery proceedings
against a borrower, any settlement reached must be approved by the judicial authorities,
as specified by the RBI.
Expansion of OTS Framework
An important development is the extension of the OTS framework to include urban co-
operative banks (UCBs). Previously, this framework was limited to commercial banks. This
expansion acknowledges the growing reliance of commercial banks on OTS as an effective
means of recovery, particularly in light of the delays and complexities associated with
other recovery routes such as the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC).
Gaula River Mining
The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change has given permission to the
Uttarakhand government to continue mining activities in the Gaula River in Nainital
district. The extension allows mining work to be carried out until June 30, extending the
previous deadline of May 31. This decision is expected to have significant implications for
the state’s economy and local communities.
Boost to State’s Income and Employment Opportunities
With the approval to continue mining operations in the Gaula River, the Uttarakhand
government anticipates a profit of up to Rs. 50 crore. This additional revenue will
contribute to the state’s income, providing a much-needed economic boost. Furthermore,
the extended permission is also expected to create employment opportunities for the
local population. This will have a positive impact on the livelihoods of individuals and help
to stimulate economic growth in the region.
Access to Affordable Construction Materials
In addition to the economic benefits, the extension of mining activities in the Gaula River
will ensure the availability of construction materials at a lower cost. The mining operations
will provide access to essential resources needed for construction projects, contributing to
the development and infrastructure growth of the area. This will not only benefit the
government but also benefit the community by making construction materials more
affordable and accessible.
The Gaula River: Origin and Significance
The Gaula River, also known as the Gola River, originates in the Paharpani Village of
Uttarakhand and flows through various regions, including Kathgodam, Haldwani, Kichha,
and Shahi. It stretches for approximately 500 kilometers, making it a significant water
source for Haldwani and Kathgodam. The river is also referred to as Kichha and Baigul in
certain sections. Ultimately, the Gaula River joins the Ramganga River in Uttar Pradesh,
which is a tributary of the Ganges.
June 12, 2023
Tactical LAN Radio
The Indian Army has recently signed a contract with Astrome Tech Pvt Ltd, a Bengaluru-
based company, to procure the indigenously-developed “tactical LAN radio.” This state-of-
the-art high-bandwidth backhaul wireless radio equipment is aimed at providing reliable
communication for the armed forces. The contract signing ceremony, held in New Delhi,
was attended by Lt Gen MV Suchindra Kumar, the Vice Chief of Army Staff.
iDEX Framework
The procurement of the “tactical LAN radio” falls under the framework of Innovations for
Defence Excellence (iDEX). Launched by Prime Minister Narendra Modi in April 2018, iDEX
aims to foster innovation and technological development in the defence and aerospace
sector.
Reliable Communication
The primary purpose of the “tactical LAN radio” is to provide reliable communication for
the Indian Army. With its state-of-the-art features, it offers an enhanced range of
communication, ensuring seamless connectivity in critical situations. This development is
crucial in enhancing the effectiveness and efficiency of military operations.
Key Features
The “tactical LAN radio” incorporates several cutting-edge features. One such feature is its
embedded frequency hopping mechanism, which helps prevent interception and ensure
secure communication channels. The system also boasts enhanced safety features,
prioritizing the confidentiality and integrity of the transmitted data. Additionally, the
“tactical LAN radio” can operate continuously for 48 hours on a single set, without any
breakdown, ensuring uninterrupted communication during extended operations.
Astrome Tech Pvt Ltd
The Indian Army has chosen Astrome Tech Pvt Ltd as the supplier for the “tactical LAN
radio.” This Bengaluru-based company has demonstrated its expertise in developing
indigenously-made defense equipment. The partnership between the Indian Army and
Astrome Tech Pvt Ltd represents a crucial collaboration in advancing indigenous defense
capabilities.
Sagar Samriddhi
The Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways (MoPSW) has launched the ‘Sagar
Samriddhi’ online dredging monitoring system, a significant development in the maritime
sector of India. This state-of-the-art system, developed by the National Technology Centre
for Ports, Waterways and Coasts (NTCPWC), aims to enhance the efficiency and
effectiveness of dredging operations in the country’s ports. This system marks a
substantial improvement over the previous Draft and Loading Monitor (DLM) system,
offering advanced capabilities and functionalities for dredging operations.
Comprehensive Data Processing
The ‘Sagar Samriddhi’ monitoring system processes various reports, including daily
dredging reports and pre- and post-dredging survey data. By integrating multiple input
reports, it produces real-time dredging reports, bringing greater synergy and efficiency to
the monitoring process. The system allows for visualizations of daily and monthly
progress, dredger performance, downtime monitoring, and location track data,
contributing to enhanced project management.
Supporting National Visions
The ‘Sagar Samriddhi’ system is in accordance with the objectives of Atmanirbhar Bharat
(Self-Reliant India) and Make in India, which have been advocated by Prime Minister
Narendra Modi. By leveraging advanced technology, the system strengthens the
government’s focus on self-reliance and promotes the use of indigenous technological
solutions in the maritime sector.
Dredging Guidelines and Waste to Wealth
The Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways issued the ‘Dredging Guidelines for Major
Ports’ to streamline and improve dredging processes. In 2021, an addendum was
introduced to the guidelines, emphasizing the concept of ‘Waste to Wealth.’ This provision
allows for the effective disposal and utilization of dredged material, reducing dredging
costs and promoting environmental sustainability.
Ports Embracing ‘Sagar Samriddhi’
Cochin Port and Mumbai Port have already adopted the ‘Sagar Samriddhi’ online
dredging monitoring system, recognizing its value in optimizing their dredging
operations. Additionally, New Mangalore Port and Deendayal Port are currently running
trials with the system. The Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways has directed all
Major Ports and the Inland Waterways Authority of India (IWAI) to utilize the customized
‘Sagar Samriddhi’ system developed by the NTCPWC for monitoring their dredging
operations.
Driving Research and Development
The NTCPWC, which played a crucial role in the development of the ‘Sagar Samriddhi’
system, was established under the Sagarmala Programme of MoPSW. With a focus on
research and development, the center contributes to the growth and optimization of the
marine sector in India. Equipped with world-class capabilities, the NTCPWC enables
research in various areas such as ocean modeling, coastal engineering, autonomous
platforms, and more.
2nd Edition of Antarashtriya Yoga Diwas Media Samman
The Ministry of Information and Broadcasting has announced the second edition of the
Antarashtriya Yoga Diwas Media Samman, an initiative to acknowledge outstanding media
coverage of yoga. With a total of thirty-three Sammans to be awarded across three
categories, this recognition aims to honor the significant role played by the media in
promoting yoga and its numerous benefits.
Categories and Coverage
The Antarashtriya Yoga Diwas Media Samman 2023 will be conferred under three distinct
categories: Best Media Coverage in Yoga in Newspaper, Best Media Coverage in Yoga in
Electronic Media (TV), and Best Media Coverage in Yoga in Electronic Media (Radio). These
categories ensure comprehensive recognition for exceptional coverage across print,
television, and radio platforms.
Role of the Media in Yoga Promotion
Media plays a crucial role in disseminating awareness and showcasing the transformative
potential of yoga. The media has played a pivotal role in presenting yoga as a universal
practice accessible to people of all ages, backgrounds, and abilities. Their dedication and
commitment have helped yoga transcend borders and cultures, making it a global
phenomenon.
Recognition and Responsibility
The Antarashtriya Yoga Diwas Media Samman recognizes the instrumental role that the
media plays in spreading awareness and understanding of yoga, both within India and
abroad. This recognition aims to commend the media’s contributions in disseminating the
outreach of yoga and promoting it as a universal language of wellness. The Samman
serves as an acknowledgment of the immense power and responsibility that the media
holds in promoting this ancient practice.
Submission Guidelines and Jury
To be eligible for the Antarashtriya Yoga Diwas Media Samman, media houses are
required to submit their details and relevant clippings or audio/visual content telecast or
published during the period of 10th June 2023 to 25th June 2023. An independent Jury will
be responsible for recommending the Samman winners based on the submissions
received. The winners will receive a special media/plaque/trophy and a citation.
HPCL Tests E27 Fuel
Hindustan Petroleum Corp Ltd (HPCL) has embarked on an ambitious pilot study,
becoming the first Oil Marketing Company in India to conduct comprehensive research on
vehicles utilizing E27 fuel and Ethanol Blended Diesel Fuel. This initiative aligns with the
ethanol blending roadmap outlined by the Indian government, which aims to achieve 20%
Ethanol Blended Gasoline (E20) by 2023 and ensure its widespread availability.
Advancing Ethanol Blending
The ethanol blending roadmap in India sets forth a clear vision for a greener and more
sustainable future. By April 2023, the roadmap proposes the introduction of E20 material-
compliant and E10 engine-tuned vehicles, signaling a significant shift toward ethanol
blending. This endeavor supports the government’s goal of reducing carbon emissions
and promoting cleaner fuels.
Promising Emissions Reduction
Preliminary studies on vehicles fueled with E27 have demonstrated noteworthy reductions
in emissions, particularly carbon dioxide, compared to traditional gasoline. HPCL’s pilot
study on E27 fuel aims to assess its performance and emissions in engines and vehicles
through extended mileage accumulation. Passenger cars will undergo trials with a target
mileage accumulation of 20,000 km, allowing for a comprehensive evaluation of the fuel’s
efficiency and environmental impact.
Compliance with Fuel Specifications
The ethanol trials conducted by HPCL will strictly adhere to IS 1460:2017 fuel
specifications, ensuring the quality and compatibility of the fuel. These trials will further
contribute to understanding the efficacy of E27 fuel and its potential for widespread
adoption in the transportation sector.
Continuing the Ethanol Blending Program
India’s ethanol blending program has set its sights on achieving 27% blending, surpassing
the milestone of E20 fuel. This progressive approach reflects the commitment to reducing
dependency on fossil fuels and embracing cleaner alternatives. HPCL’s pilot study on E27
fuel is a stepping stone toward this ambitious target.
HPCL’s Success with E20 Fuel
In February of this year, HPCL successfully launched E20 fuel across 23 retail outlets in
India. With a current presence of 350 E20 outlets across 21 states, the company has
already made substantial progress in reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. To date,
the use of E20 fuel has resulted in a reduction of approximately 3000 MT of GHG
emissions. These numbers highlight the significant environmental impact of transitioning
to ethanol-blended fuels.
Rising Prevalence of Diabetes and Lifestyle Diseases in India
A recent study conducted by the Madras Diabetes Research Foundation (MDRF) in
collaboration with the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) has shed light on the
growing prevalence of diabetes, hypertension, and prediabetes in India. The study
emphasizes the need for urgent attention and state-specific interventions to address this
alarming health crisis.
High Prevalence of Diabetes, Hypertension, and Prediabetes
The study reveals that the prevalence of diabetes in India stands at 11.4%. Additionally, a
staggering 35.5% of the population suffers from hypertension, while 15.3% are affected by
prediabetes. These statistics indicate a significant burden of lifestyle diseases in the
country.
Contributing Factors
Increased urbanization and the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic are identified as key
factors contributing to India’s rising health challenges. The study highlights how changing
lifestyles, including dietary habits, physical inactivity, and stress levels, have resulted in the
increasing burden of these diseases.
Obesity Rates in India
The study further reveals that 28.6% of the Indian population has generalised obesity,
indicating a high prevalence of excess body weight. Additionally, a staggering 351 million
individuals in the country have abdominal obesity, which poses significant health risks.
State-Wise Variations
The study highlights notable variations in disease prevalence across different states in
India. Goa records the highest prevalence of diabetes at 26.4%, while Sikkim has the
highest burden of prediabetes at 31.3%. These variations underscore the need for
targeted interventions based on the specific health challenges faced by each state.
Urgent Policy Interventions
Recognizing the severity of the situation, researchers recommend urgent state-specific
policies and interventions to tackle the rising epidemic of metabolic non-communicable
diseases in India. These measures aim to address the underlying causes of the diseases
and promote healthier lifestyles, including improved diet, increased physical activity, and
stress management.
June 14, 2023
CCMB Study on Genetic Diversity and Species Traits
A recent study conducted by scientists at the CSIR-Centre for Cellular & Molecular Biology
(CCMB) has shed light on the fascinating relationship between genetic diversity and
species traits. By analyzing over 1,200 sequences from a maternally-inherited gene across
128 species, the researchers uncovered intriguing findings that contribute to our
understanding of evolutionary biology.
Genetic Diversity and Body Sizes
The CCMB study unearthed an interesting correlation between genetic diversity and body
sizes in various species. It was revealed that genetic diversity tends to decrease in species
with larger body sizes. While the reasons behind this phenomenon require further
investigation, this discovery provides valuable insights into the intricate relationship
between physical attributes and genetic composition.
Maternal Care and Genetic Diversity
The study also investigated the influence of maternal care on genetic diversity.
Remarkably, species where the mother provides care for the offspring exhibited higher
genetic diversity. This finding highlights the importance of parental care in shaping the
genetic makeup of a species, potentially leading to enhanced adaptability and resilience.
The Role of Geographical Location
Geographical location played a crucial role in determining genetic diversity. The study
observed that genetic diversity was higher in the southern hemisphere compared to the
northern hemisphere. This disparity may be attributed to historic climatic stability and
lower seasonality in southern latitudes. These factors likely fostered the accumulation of
genetic diversity over time.
Geographical Distance and Genetic Exchange
The research demonstrated that genetic diversity increases with geographical distance
between individuals. This suggests limited genetic exchange between individuals residing
in distant locations. The study’s findings imply that physical separation and limited gene
flow contribute to the diversification and distinct genetic makeup of populations
inhabiting different geographical regions.
Genetic Diversity as a Measure
Genetic diversity, as examined in this study, serves as a measure of differences in DNA
mutations between individuals of a species. These variations are crucial in shaping how
organisms respond to environmental changes, influencing their adaptability and
ultimately impacting species diversity.
Centipedes: Unraveling Genetic Diversity
Centipedes, ancient arthropods with diverse species traits and biogeographic histories,
served as the focal point of the study. The researchers explored genetic diversity among
centipedes by analyzing DNA sequences and considering various traits such as body size,
vision, and parental care. The unique characteristics and available DNA sequences of
centipedes provided an excellent opportunity to investigate the factors influencing genetic
diversity in organisms.
What is Captagon?
The recent decision by the Arab League to reinstate Syria as its member has marked the
end of global isolation for President Bashar al-Assad. Consequently, this development has
rekindled intense discussions surrounding the trade of Captagon pills, bringing them back
into the spotlight.
Captagon: An Intriguing Amphetamine-Type Drug
Captagon falls under the category of amphetamine-type drugs, known for their
stimulating effects on the central nervous system. This classification underlines the
potency and characteristics of this substance.
Production and Smuggling Hub
Syria, situated in West Asia, has emerged as a major hub for the production of Captagon.
The region is also a focal point for illicit smuggling activities, facilitating the distribution of
the drug across borders.
Alleged Profiteers of Captagon Sales
There have been allegations that Bashar al-Assad, the President of Syria, along with his
associates and family members, has profited from the sales of Captagon. The drug’s
lucrative trade is believed to provide a financial lifeline amid Syria’s economic crisis.
International Cooperation Efforts
To combat the smuggling of Captagon, Jordan and Iraq have joined forces with Syria. This
collaborative effort aims to curb the illicit trade, identify production sites, and disrupt the
supply chain.
Prominence in 2014
The use of Captagon gained significant prominence in 2014 when reports surfaced of its
widespread consumption by Islamic State (IS) fighters and Syrian combatants during
battles. It was believed to enhance alertness and suppress appetite during grueling
conflicts.
Original Purpose of Captagon
Initially, Captagon was a legitimate medication developed in the 1960s by the German
company Degussa Pharma Gruppe. It was intended for the treatment of attention deficit
disorders, narcolepsy, and various other medical conditions.
Effects of Amphetamine-Based Drugs
Amphetamine-based drugs like Captagon stimulate the central nervous system, providing
a boost of energy, enhanced focus, increased alertness, and a sense of euphoria.
However, these substances do not confer superhuman abilities or pain resistance.
Side Effects of Amphetamines
Consumption of amphetamines can lead to various side effects, including loss of appetite,
heart problems such as irregular heartbeat and increased blood pressure, high body
temperature, memory loss, impaired thinking, and the risk of stroke.
Military Usage during World War II
Amphetamines were employed by both Nazi Germany and the Allied forces during World
War II. Nazi Germany supplied Pervitin (methamphetamine) to its soldiers, while the Allied
forces provided Benzedrine (amphetamine sulfate) to enhance wakefulness and alertness
among troops.
Present-Day Usage in the US Air Force
Within the US Air Force, Dexedrine, a form of amphetamine, continues to be used to keep
pilots awake and alert during long flights. Nevertheless, the usage of such substances has
sparked controversy due to potential impairments in judgment and associated risks.
Ultra-Low Velocity Zones

Recent scientific research has uncovered a fascinating discovery deep within the Earth,
challenging our existing knowledge of its geological processes. Hidden beneath the
Earth’s surface, mountains of enormous proportions have been found, towering over
even the renowned Mt Everest. These enigmatic underground structures, known as ultra-
low velocity zones (ULVZs), are located approximately 2,900 kilometers within the Earth.
The Remarkable Discovery
Through seismic data analysis using a high-definition imaging method, scientists have
succeeded in identifying the presence of mountains hidden deep inside the Earth. These
ULVZs, previously unknown to humanity, were detected through seismic data generated
by earthquakes and atomic explosions.
The Characteristics of ULVZs
ULVZs exhibit unique features that set them apart. Anomalous zones of material at the
core-mantle boundary have been observed, with a thickness ranging from a few to tens of
kilometers. The heights of these underground mountains reach astonishing levels,
sometimes surpassing 3-4 times the height of Mt Everest.
The Formation of Underground Mountains
Researchers believe that these ancient formations originated from the interaction of
oceanic crust with Earth’s interior. One hypothesis suggests that oceanic crust was forced
into the Earth’s interior, while another theory proposes that tectonic plates slipped down
into the Earth’s mantle, sinking towards the core-mantle boundary. Over time, these
processes likely led to the gradual formation of an assortment of structures, resulting in
the presence of underground mountains and peculiar blobs within the ULVZs.
The Role of ULVZs in Earth’s Processes
ULVZs are expected to play a critical role in regulating the escape of heat from Earth’s
core. Their presence and composition contribute to the complex inner morphology of our
planet. The interaction between these underground mountains and the surrounding
materials influences the dynamics of Earth’s geological processes, further emphasizing
the intricacies of our planet’s internal mechanisms.
Cochin Fishing Harbour Modernization Project

The Cochin Fishing Harbour in Kerala is set to undergo a comprehensive modernisation
project aimed at enhancing its infrastructure and boosting the fishing industry.
Estimated Cost and Funding Sources
The Cochin Fishing Harbour modernisation project is estimated to cost 169.17 crore.
Funding for the project comes from two significant sources. The Pradhan Mantri Matsya
Sampada Yojana (PMMSY), a scheme under the Department of Fisheries, contributes Rs 50
crore, while the Sagarmala Project scheme of the Ministry of Ports, Shipping and
Waterways (MoPSW) provides an additional Rs 50 crore. The remaining investment of Rs
55.84 crore comes from the public-private partnership (PPP) operator.
Infrastructure Improvements
The modernisation project focuses on various infrastructure improvements. These include
the construction of three air-conditioned auction halls, one non-air-conditioned hall, fish
dressing units, internal roads, loading and unloading platforms, waste management
areas, and other ancillary units. These enhancements aim to bring the harbour’s basic
infrastructure up to international standards and maintain high hygienic standards.
Increased Capacity
One of the significant developments of the project is the construction of four
temperature-controlled auction halls, measuring 60mx18m each, equipped with
mechanical retrieval and conveyance systems. This upgrade is expected to increase the
fishing harbour’s capacity by a remarkable 415 tonnes of fish per day. The new auction
halls will significantly improve the processing and auctioning of fish, streamlining
operations for the benefit of fishermen and traders alike.
Major Fish Items Landed
The Thoppumpady Harbour, where the Cochin Fishing Harbour is located, witnesses a
robust fishing activity for around 10 months, with a peak season from August to
November. The fishing harbour receives arrivals of a wide range of significant fish species,
such as shrimps, cuttlefish, carangids, ribbon fish, seer fish, tuna, and marlins. These
diverse species contribute to a daily catch averaging 250 tonnes.
Sagarmala Programme: Benefiting Fishermen
The modernisation of fishing harbours aligns with the Sagarmala Programme, initiated by
the Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways (MoPSW). Under this program, the MoPSW
has completed fishing harbour projects worth Rs 620 crore, benefitting around 30,000
fishermen. The Cochin Fishing Harbour modernisation project is an integral part of this
program, contributing to the overall development and prosperity of the fishing
community.
Developing Nation Status Act
The US Senate Foreign Relations Committee has recently approved bipartisan legislation
known as the Developing Nation Status Act, which seeks to remove China’s “developing
country” status. This move follows a similar action taken by the US House of
Representatives in March. The legislation has significant implications for China’s position
in international organizations and treaties.
The Developing Nation Status Act
The legislation, officially called the Developing Nation Status Act, was unanimously passed
by the US Senate Foreign Relations Committee. Its main goal is to constitute a US policy
against granting China the “developing country” status in future treaties and international
organizations. The act directs the Secretary of State to actively pursue changing China’s
status to that of a “developed country” in relevant agreements.
Privileges and Exploitation
China’s developing country status currently affords it certain privileges within specific
organizations and treaties. These privileges include market access, loans, and technical
assistance. Supporters of the legislation argue that China can no longer be considered a
developing country due to its robust economy, military power, and extensive global
investments. They contend that China has exploited its designation for an unfair
advantage in multilateral negotiations, particularly evident in its Belt and Road Initiative.
International Organizations and Responses
While the United Nations and certain other international organizations still regard China
as a developing country, the US legislation aims to challenge this perception. However,
China’s foreign ministry asserts that it is not up to the US to decide its status, emphasizing
that China’s position as the world’s largest developing country is grounded in facts and
international law.
Additional Legislation and Perspectives
In addition to the legislation on China’s developing country status, the Senate Foreign
Relations Committee also passed the Taiwan Protection and National Resilience Act. This
demonstrates a bipartisan consensus in the US Congress to address China-related issues.
Miss World Pageant

The Miss World pageant, one of the most prestigious beauty competitions, has a rich
history and global following. It has been held in various countries since its inception. The
Miss World Organization recently announced that India has been selected as the host
country for its upcoming competition, scheduled to take place later this year.
India’s Introduction to Miss World
In 1996, the Miss World pageant made its way to India, marking a significant milestone for
the country. This was the first time that India served as the host nation for this illustrious
event. The pageant took place in Bengaluru, the capital of the southern state of
Karnataka.
Origin and Influential Figures
The Miss World pageant was originally launched in Britain in 1951 during the Festival of
Britain. The idea to include an international beauty contest in the festival came from Eric
Morley, the publicity director of Mecca Limited, an entertainment company based in
London. Morley’s vision was to enhance festival attendance by adding an intriguing event
to the lineup.
Bikini Controversy
While planning the Miss World pageant, there was an initial intention to judge contestants
while they wore bikinis, as they were becoming a popular beachwear trend at the time.
However, opposition from countries such as Ireland and Spain, who objected to women
being judged in bikinis, prompted organizers to switch to one-piece bathing suits instead.
Popularity and Television Exposure
The rise of television played a pivotal role in catapulting the popularity of the Miss World
pageant. The competition became a highly anticipated and widely watched event in
Britain. As television coverage increased, more viewers tuned in to witness the crowning
of Miss World and the showcase of beauty and talent.
Upcoming Miss World Pageant in India
This year, India is set to host the Miss World pageant once again. Contestants from over
130 countries will converge in India to showcase their unique talents, intelligence, and
compassion. The event will include various competitions, such as talent showcases, sports
challenges, and charitable initiatives. The grand finale of the pageant is scheduled for
November/December 2023.
Past Indian Winners
India has a notable track record in the Miss World and Miss Universe pageants. In 1994,
Aishwarya Rai was crowned Miss World, while Sushmita Sen secured the Miss Universe
title. Their victories not only brought glory to India but also increased the pageant’s
popularity within the country.
Protests and Concerns in 1996
When India hosted the Miss World pageant in 1996, it faced considerable backlash and
protests. Critics from different groups expressed concerns about the event’s impact on
women, cultural values, and the influence of Western ideals. Some viewed it as a form of
degradation and a threat to traditional Indian values.
June 15, 2023

Janjatiya Khel Mahotsav
The recently concluded Janjatiya Khel Mahotsav at KIIT, Bhubneshwar witnessed an
incredible display of talent and sportsmanship as tribal athletes from across India came
together to compete in various disciplines. With a resounding victory in multiple
categories, Odisha emerged as the undisputed champion in the men’s and women’s
divisions, cementing their stature as a sporting powerhouse.
Overall Standings and Participants
With a remarkable showcase of talent, the inaugural edition of the Janjatiya Khel Mahotsav
witnessed the participation of 5,000 tribal athletes, representing 26 states across India.
Karnataka showcased their competitive spirit, securing the first runners-up position in the
overall standings. Jharkhand showcased their talent as well, securing the second runners-
up position, further adding to the excitement and intensity of the event.
Promoting Tribal Sports and Unity
The Janjatiya Khel Mahotsav not only celebrated sports but also served as a platform to
promote tribal sports and unity. It provided an opportunity for athletes from diverse
backgrounds to showcase their skills and foster a sense of camaraderie among the
participating states.
Winning States
Odisha’s prowess extended to the intense game of Kabaddi, where they demonstrated
their superior skills in the men’s division, emerging victorious. However, it was Karnataka
that showcased their mettle in the women’s division, securing the first position. Similarly,
in the thrilling sport of volleyball, Karnataka displayed exceptional teamwork and strategy,
securing first place in both the men’s and women’s categories.
Electromagnetic Field (EMF) Radiation
Recently, the Department of Telecommunications (DoT), Delhi LSA, organized a webinar
focused on raising awareness about Electromagnetic Field (EMF) radiation. The event
aimed to address misconceptions surrounding the potential harmful effects of EMF
radiation from mobile towers. Experts shed light on the nature of EMF emissions, safety
measures, and the role of international organizations in setting limits.
Understanding EMF Radiation
The EMF radiation emitted from mobile tower antennas and mobile handsets is in the
form of RF or Electromagnetic energy. It is important to note that this type of energy is
non-ionizing and has very low levels of energy.
Debunking Misconceptions
Based on scientific evidence and studies, DoT emphasized that there is no conclusive
proof of any health hazards associated with EMF radiation from mobile towers. In fact, the
EMF emissions from mobile towers in India adhere to safe limits prescribed by the
International Commission on Non Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) and
recommended by the World Health Organisation (WHO). This information was shared to
dispel misconceptions and provide assurance regarding the safety of mobile tower
emissions.
Ensuring Compliance and Safety
The responsibility of maintaining safe limits for EMF radiation lies with the Department of
Telecommunication (DoT) and Telecom Service Providers (TSPs). These entities have
adopted stricter norms for safety, which are 10 times more stringent than the norms
prescribed by ICNIRP as recommended by WHO. Regular testing of radiation from
working mobile towers is carried out by the field units of DoT Delhi on a sample basis,
covering up to 5 percent of the total working mobile towers (BTS) annually.
Access to Information
To promote transparency and accessibility, DoT provides information on mobile tower
radiation on their official website. The website serves as a valuable resource for the public,
offering insights into the journey of EMF awareness, safety measures, and related
guidelines.
Target Stakeholders and Objectives
The webinar aimed to address concerns among various stakeholders, including public
representatives, government departments and agencies, Resident Welfare Associations
(RWAs), Civil Society Organizations (CSOs), urban local bodies, municipalities, and the
general public. The primary objective was to debunk myths surrounding EMF radiation,
clarify its impact on health, and ensure that the development of mobile towers faces no
hindrance.
Lieutenant General P S Bhagat Memorial Lecture
The Indian Army recently organized the inaugural “Lieutenant General P S Bhagat
Memorial Lecture” to pay homage to the exceptional legacy of Lt Gen Prem Bhagat. Held
at the Manekshaw Centre, under the auspices of the United Service Institution of India
(USI), the event aimed to shed light on the remarkable leadership qualities and strategic
vision demonstrated by Lt Gen Bhagat.
Focusing on the Legacy
The memorial lecture revolved around the theme of the “Legacy of Lt Gen Prem Bhagat –
A Visionary and Strategic Leader.” It aimed to honor his profound contributions to the
Indian Army and showcase his exceptional leadership skills that continue to inspire
generations.
Remembering Lt Gen Bhagat’s Achievements
Lt Gen Bhagat’s contributions to the Indian Army are legendary. As the first General
Officer Commanding-in-Chief of the re-raised Northern Command, he left an indelible
mark. During World War II, Lt Gen Bhagat earned the prestigious Victoria Cross, becoming
the first Indian soldier to receive this honor. His fearless dedication and exceptional acts of
bravery exemplified his unwavering commitment to his duties.
The “Saviour of Lucknow”
One of the most notable tales shared during the lecture was Lt Gen Bhagat’s heroic act as
the Army Commander at Lucknow. He earned the title “the saviour of Lucknow” by swiftly
responding to a breach on the Gomti River. Lt Gen Bhagat exhibited extraordinary
courage by mobilizing trucks loaded with stones and boulders to seal the breach, thus
preventing further damage to the city.
Looking Ahead
The memorial lecture series aims to perpetuate the memory of Lt Gen Bhagat and his
invaluable contributions to the Indian Army. The next edition, scheduled for April 2024, will
feature Lt Gen KT Parnaik (Retd), the Hon’ble Governor of Arunachal Pradesh, as the
keynote speaker. This continued reverence for Lt Gen Bhagat ensures that his legacy lives
on and continues to inspire future generations of military leaders.
Gabon’s First Agri-SEZ Project
In a significant development the Union Minister of Education and Skill Development and
Entrepreneurship flagged off Gabon’s first Agri-SEZ project from New Delhi. This project,
which focuses on agriculture and food processing, is set to bolster India-Africa relations
and foster cooperation between the two nations.
Partners in Progress
The implementation of Gabon’s Agri-SEZ project involves collaboration between the AOM
Group and Centurion University. With their combined expertise, the project aims to drive
advancements in the agricultural sector, laying the foundation for sustainable food
production and economic growth.
Empowering Farmers and Students
A delegation comprising 30 farmers and 20 students from Gajapati district, an Aspirational
district in Odisha, will travel to Gabon to provide technical assistance. This exchange of
knowledge and expertise will enable the farmers and students to contribute to the
development of the agriculture SEZ and gain valuable insights from Gabon’s agricultural
practices.
Promoting High-Level Engagements
Over the past nine years, India and Africa have witnessed more than 35 high-level visits,
indicating the growing significance of their partnership. This demonstrates the
commitment of both sides to enhance diplomatic ties, foster economic cooperation, and
promote cultural exchanges.
Development Partnership: A Pillar of India’s Africa Policy
The establishment of the Agri-SEZ project reflects India’s commitment to development
partnership with Africa. India has extended concessional loans amounting to over US$
12.3 billion, supporting various development projects in Africa. This partnership
emphasizes India’s role in facilitating socio-economic progress and promoting self-
sufficiency in African nations.
Education and Skill Development Collaboration
Education and skill development have emerged as crucial areas of cooperation between
India and Africa. The long-standing relations in these sectors have paved the way for
knowledge sharing, capacity building, and mutual learning. Such collaborations empower
individuals and contribute to human resource development in both regions.
Tamil Nadu Government Withdraws General Consent to CBI
In a significant development, the Tamil Nadu government has decided to withdraw the
general consent accorded to the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) to conduct probes
in the state. This decision, made by the home department, has drawn attention to the
functioning and jurisdiction of the CBI.
The Purpose of General Consent
The general consent accorded to the CBI allows the agency to seamlessly investigate
corruption cases involving central government employees. It facilitates the agency’s
access to conduct investigations without seeking specific permission for each case. The
purpose of this consent is to expedite and ensure smooth proceedings in corruption-
related investigations.
The Delhi Special Police Establishment Act
Under the provisions of the Delhi Special Police Establishment Act, 1946, the CBI is
required to obtain prior permission from the concerned state government before
initiating an investigation in a state. This provision ensures a cooperative framework
between the CBI and state authorities, respecting the state’s autonomy in matters of
investigation and law enforcement.
States that have Withdrawn General Consent
The Tamil Nadu government joins a growing list of states that have withdrawn the general
consent accorded to the CBI. This list includes West Bengal, Rajasthan, Kerala, Mizoram,
Punjab, Telangana, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, and Meghalaya. These decisions reflect the
states’ desire to assert their authority and maintain control over investigations within
their jurisdictions.
Withdrawal of General Consent in Tamil Nadu
The Tamil Nadu government’s decision to withdraw the general consent accorded to the
CBI was issued by the home department. The consent, given in 1989 and 1992, has now
been rescinded, requiring the CBI to seek permission from the state government for
investigations conducted within Tamil Nadu.
2025 IIAS (International Institute of Administrative Sciences) Annual Conference
India recently decided to host the 2025 IIAS Annual Conference. This reflects India’s
commitment to multilateralism, good governance, and administrative reforms.
About IIAS
The IIAS (International Institute of Administrative Sciences), established in 1930, serves as
a global federation dedicated to advancing administrative sciences. It comprises member
states, national sections, and academic research centers, all collaborating to address
contemporary policy challenges related to public administration. With its headquarters in
Brussels, Belgium, IIAS plays a crucial role in fostering innovative and effective
governance practices worldwide.
Participation and Theme
The 2025 conference is set to witness the participation of 30 member countries, 18
national sections, and over 50 IIAS universities and institutes of public administration.
With a theme proposed as ‘Next Generation Administrative Reforms – Empowering the
Citizens and Reaching the Last Mile,’ the conference aims to explore strategies that enable
citizen empowerment and ensure effective governance at all levels.
India’s Perspective on IIAS
India views IIAS as a significant institution for international relations in the field of public
administration. Since 1998, the Department of Administrative Reforms and Public
Grievances has been an institutional member, actively contributing to the organization’s
deliberative democracy, research publications, and fiscal processes.
2023: A Year of Global Summits
India is gearing up to host two crucial summits in 2023—the G-20 Leaders’ Summit and
the SCO Leaders’ Summit. These events highlight India’s position as the world’s largest
democracy and a digitally advanced nation. They underscore the country’s ability to
successfully host important bilateral and multilateral gatherings while emphasizing the
importance of decentralized and functional governance models.
Formulating the Research Agenda
In formulating the research agenda for the 2025 IIAS Conference, the Department of
Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances will receive support from the Director
General of the Indian Institute of Public Administration and a member of the Research
Advisory Committee of IIAS. This collaboration ensures that the conference addresses
relevant issues and explores innovative approaches to administrative reforms.
Live Chikungunya Vaccine
A new study published in The Lancet highlights the promising results of a Phase III clinical
trial for a live chikungunya vaccine. The vaccine aims to protect individuals from the
debilitating mosquito-borne disease that has spread across various regions.
The Live Chikungunya Vaccine
The Phase III trial involved testing a live chikungunya vaccine on human participants. This
marks the first time the vaccine has been tested in humans, raising hopes for an effective
solution against the disease.
Significance of the Chikungunya Vaccine
Chikungunya, a viral disease first discovered in Tanzania in the 1950s, has spread to
tropical regions such as Paraguay, Brazil, Bolivia, and Thailand. The virus is transmitted by
the Asian tiger mosquito, which poses a growing threat due to climate change. The
vaccine, if approved by regulators, has the potential to protect millions of people from the
severe symptoms associated with chikungunya.
Symptoms and Impact of Chikungunya
Chikungunya is characterized by severe joint and muscle pain, high fever, and skin rashes.
While the disease is rarely fatal, it can cause immense suffering, with symptoms lasting up
to two weeks. In some cases, long-term joint pain can persist, leading to chronic
rheumatic arthritis disease.
Efficacy and Findings
The Phase III trial demonstrated remarkable efficacy, with 98.9% of study participants
showing virus-neutralizing antibody levels 28 days after a single vaccination. This indicates
a strong immune response that can provide long-lasting protection against the virus.
Recognition by the World Health Organization (WHO)
Recognizing the importance of combating chikungunya, the WHO listed the virus as a
priority pathogen for vaccine development. This acknowledgment emphasizes the global
significance of finding effective preventive measures against the disease.
Implications of Climate Change
The increased global spread of mosquito-borne illnesses, including chikungunya, is
attributed to climate change. Rising temperatures have expanded the territories of
disease-carrying mosquitoes, making the chikungunya vaccine crucial for wider
populations.
Synthetic Embryos
In a groundbreaking achievement, scientists have made a significant breakthrough in the
field of human reproduction by successfully creating synthetic human embryos using
stem cells. This remarkable advancement has the potential to transform the
understanding and practices of In Vitro Fertilization (IVF).
Components of Synthetic Embryos
These synthetic embryos, created entirely from embryonic stem cells, exhibit key
components of human development. Although they lack a beating heart or the beginning
of a brain, they possess cells that form the placenta, yolk sac, and the embryo itself. This
breakthrough provides researchers with a unique model to study the early stages of
human development.
Insights into Recurrent Miscarriages
One of the potential benefits of synthetic embryos is the opportunity to gain crucial
insights into the biological causes of recurrent miscarriages. With an estimated 23 million
miscarriages occurring globally each year, understanding the underlying factors becomes
paramount in addressing this significant issue. Synthetic embryos could serve as a
valuable tool in studying and unraveling the complexities surrounding recurrent
miscarriages.
Exploring the “Black Box” Period of Development
The “black box” period refers to the crucial period of human development between
approximately 16 or 17 days after fertilization and more than a week after the embryo
implants itself in the uterine lining. Scientists currently face limitations on the duration
they can cultivate embryos in the lab, restricted to a maximum of 14 days. Synthetic
embryos provide an avenue to overcome this limitation and study the critical
developmental period more comprehensively.
The Benefits of Modeling Human Embryonic Development
By utilizing stem cells to model normal human embryonic development, scientists can
gain valuable insights into the early stages of human life. This approach offers a way to
understand the beginning of development, identify potential abnormalities, and study the
impact of various factors without the ethical concerns associated with using early-stage
embryos for research.
Looking Towards a Future of Advancements
The creation of synthetic human embryos using stem cells represents a significant leap
forward in the field of human reproduction. With ongoing research and further
exploration, scientists aim to unlock the mysteries of human development, improve the
success rates of reproductive technologies, and potentially address critical issues such as
recurrent miscarriages. This groundbreaking achievement opens up new possibilities for
understanding and enhancing human reproductive health.
Phosphorous Discovered on Enceladus
In a groundbreaking scientific development, researchers have discovered the presence of
phosphorus in icy grains emanating from Saturn’s moon Enceladus. This finding opens up
new possibilities for understanding the potential habitability of celestial bodies beyond
Earth.
The Significance of Phosphorus
Phosphorus is a fundamental unit in the structure of DNA and RNA, making it a crucial
element for life as we know it. It plays a vital role in cell membranes and energy-carrying
molecules. The discovery of phosphorus on Enceladus suggests that this moon possesses
the necessary building blocks for life.
Data Collection and Analysis
The data used in this study was collected by NASA’s Cassini spacecraft, which extensively
explored Saturn, its rings, and its moons from 2004 to 2017. The Cosmic Dust Analyzer
instrument onboard Cassini provided valuable insights into the composition of icy grains
from Enceladus. Through laboratory experiments and analysis of the collected data,
scientists were able to confirm the presence of phosphorus in different water-soluble
forms within Enceladus’ ocean.
Implications for Habitability
Enceladus, the sixth largest moon of Saturn, now emerges as a potential candidate for
supporting life. While the discovery of phosphorus is a significant step, it does not confirm
the presence of life on Enceladus. However, the existence of phosphorus, alongside other
key elements necessary for life, increases the potential habitability of this moon.
Role of Cluster N in Avian Migration

Migratory birds have long captivated the human imagination with their awe-inspiring
journeys across vast distances. How these birds navigate and find their way back to their
breeding grounds with such precision has remained a mystery for centuries. However,
recent research has shed light on some intriguing aspects of their navigation abilities.
Magnetic Information and Migratory Birds
One of the intriguing findings is that migratory birds possess the remarkable ability to
either ignore or process magnetic information. Researchers have found that they can filter
out or utilize the Earth’s magnetic field for navigation purposes. This discovery challenges
previous assumptions and emphasizes the complexity of avian navigation systems.
Understanding the Earth’s Magnetic Field
Scientists have described the Earth’s magnetic field as a vital shield that protects the
planet and its inhabitants from harmful plasma and cosmic rays. It acts as a guardian,
shielding life on Earth from the detrimental effects of space radiation. Migratory birds, in
particular, have evolved to utilize this magnetic field as an internal compass, guiding them
on their migratory journeys.
The Role of Cluster N
Studies have revealed that birds rely on a specific region in their brain known as Cluster N
to detect and process the Earth’s magnetic field. This region plays a crucial role in avian
navigation and serves as the gateway to their internal magnetic compass. Researchers
have extensively studied Cluster N and its functions to unravel the mysteries behind birds’
incredible navigation skills.
Nighttime Activation of Cluster N
White-throated sparrows, a species known for their long-distance migrations, activate
Cluster N primarily at night when they are motivated to migrate. This finding suggests
that the internal magnetic compass plays a crucial role in guiding these birds during their
nocturnal journeys. The activation of Cluster N during specific periods emphasizes the
time-sensitive nature of avian navigation.
Geomagnetic Compass and Navigation
The primary function of Cluster N is to activate the geomagnetic compass, enabling birds
to navigate accurately during migration. By processing the Earth’s magnetic field,
migratory birds can maintain their heading and navigate along their established routes.
This discovery highlights the central role of Cluster N in facilitating successful long-
distance migrations.
Beyond Magnetic Cues
While the magnetic field is a crucial cue for migratory birds, researchers have found that
they also pay attention to other environmental cues, such as stars and the sun. These
celestial cues help birds fine-tune their navigation and adjust their heading. The
integration of multiple cues allows them to navigate with precision, even during cloudy or
overcast conditions when the magnetic field may be less accessible.
Implications for Conservation
Understanding how animals perceive the world during migration is of utmost importance
for conservation efforts. By gaining insights into the mechanisms behind migratory birds’
navigation, scientists can develop strategies to minimize human impact on their migration
patterns. This knowledge can inform the creation of protected areas and the
implementation of measures to safeguard critical stopover sites along migratory routes.
Space Garden
In the vast expanse of space, a remarkable development has taken place on the
International Space Station (ISS). NASA astronauts have successfully cultivated a space
garden, showcasing the potential of growing fresh food beyond the confines of Earth. This
groundbreaking endeavor has captured the attention of both scientists and space
enthusiasts alike.
The Veggie System and the Zinnia Blooming Experiment
In 2015, NASA astronauts activated the Veggie system, a specialized plant growth
chamber, with zinnia seeds. The blooming of the zinnia flower in the microgravity
conditions of the ISS presented scientists with valuable insights into growing plants in
space. This challenging procedure allowed researchers to better understand the
intricacies of horticulture in microgravity.
Autonomous Gardening
During the zinnia blooming experiment, astronauts engaged in autonomous gardening, a
crucial skill for future deep space missions. This practice prepares them for self-sufficiency
in cultivating crops during long-duration space travel, where regular resupply missions
may not be feasible.
The Significance of the Space Garden
Studying plant growth in space provides valuable knowledge on cultivating crops off the
Earth. This understanding is critical for developing sustainable food sources during long-
term missions to celestial bodies like the Moon, Mars, and beyond. The space garden
serves as a stepping stone towards achieving self-sufficiency in space exploration.
June 16, 2023
UNGA Resolution on “Memorial Wall for Fallen United Nations Peacekeepers”
The United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) has recently adopted a resolution titled
“Memorial wall for fallen United Nations peacekeepers”.
India’s Leadership
India, with its strong commitment to peacekeeping efforts, took charge of piloting the
resolution to establish the memorial wall. The country’s proactive role in the United
Nations peacekeeping missions has earned it recognition as the third largest contributor
worldwide.
A Global Sacrifice
Tragically, a total of 3,500 peacekeepers have lost their lives in various missions across the
globe, demonstrating the high stakes and challenges faced in conflict areas. Among these
fallen heroes, 178 were Indians, illustrating the significant contribution and sacrifice made
by Indian peacekeepers. This somber statistic reinforces the need to commemorate their
bravery and service.
India’s Peacekeeping Contribution
India’s commitment to global peacekeeping efforts is exemplified by its deployment of
over 6,000 military and police personnel in missions spanning diverse regions. From Abyei
to the Central African Republic, Cyprus to the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and
Lebanon to West Asia, Indian peacekeepers have played a crucial role in maintaining
stability and security.
Global Support and Co-sponsorships
The resolution introduced by India received overwhelming support and co-sponsorships
from nations worldwide. A record-breaking 190 co-sponsorships were garnered,
showcasing the widespread recognition and appreciation for the initiative. This unified
backing from the international community underlines the importance of honoring fallen
peacekeepers.
Julley Ladakh
The Indian Navy has launched the “Julley Ladakh” outreach programme in Ladakh, aimed
at increasing awareness about the service and engaging with the local youth and civil
society. A highlight of this initiative is a 5000km Motorcycle Expedition, which was
ceremoniously flagged off from the National War Memorial by VAdm Sanjay Jasjit Singh,
Vice Chief of Naval Staff.
Promoting Awareness and Celebrating Independence
The primary objective of the Indian Navy’s outreach programme in Ladakh is to raise
awareness among the local population about the opportunities and contributions of the
Navy. In line with the celebration of “Azadi ka Amrit Mahotsav,” the Navy aims to instil a
sense of pride and patriotism among the people of Ladakh.
Engaging with Ladakh’s Youth and Civil Society
Through various outreach activities, the Indian Navy seeks to engage with the youth and
civil society in Ladakh. The planned initiatives include a Motor Cycle Expedition, a Band
Concert at the City Centre featuring the famous Navy Band, a Medical Camp to provide
essential healthcare services, and a Football Match between the Navy and the Ladakh
Football Club. These events aim to foster a sense of camaraderie, inspire the youth, and
showcase the Navy’s capabilities.
Duration and Participation
The Motorcycle Expedition embarked on its journey on June 15 and is expected to reach
Leh by June 28. A total of 35 Indian Navy personnel, including officers, sailors, and their
family members, are participating in this adventurous expedition. Their journey will take
them through remote areas and tough terrains, allowing them to interact with students
from schools and colleges along the way.
Building on Past Success
The Indian Navy’s Ladakh initiative follows the success of similar efforts in the North East
region. It reflects the Navy’s commitment to connect with different regions of the country,
engage with citizens, and strengthen the sense of national unity. Additionally, the Navy
had previously undertaken the “Sam No Varunah” car expedition to engage with citizens
in coastal states.
Rs 500 Crore Contract to Procure Radio Relay Communication Equipment Containers
The Ministry of Defence (MoD) has recently signed a significant contract with ICOMM Tele
for the procurement of Radio Relay Communication equipment containers. This
procurement aims to address the mobile communication detachment requirements of the
Indian Army while promoting indigenous manufacturing and self-reliance.
Procurement Details
Under the contract, a total of 1,035 numbers of 5/7.5 Ton Radio Relay Communication
equipment containers will be procured. The MoD has categorized this contract under the
Buy (Indian) Category, demonstrating the government’s focus on supporting domestic
manufacturing and promoting indigenous products.
Value of the Contract
The approximate value of the contract stands at ₹500 crore. This substantial investment
reinforces the government’s commitment to strengthening the defence capabilities and
infrastructure of the country.
Delivery Schedule
The scheduled delivery of the containers is set to commence from the current Financial
Year 2023-24. This timeline underscores the government’s emphasis on timely
procurement and deployment of essential equipment for the armed forces.
Addressing Mobile Communication Detachments
The Radio Relay Containers play a vital role in meeting the long overdue requirement of
mobile communication detachments of the Indian Army. These containers provide a
protected environment for communication equipment, ensuring its reliable and failsafe
operation. By addressing this requirement, the armed forces will have enhanced
capabilities in maintaining effective communication during critical operations.
Mounting and Mobility
The containers will be mounted on authorized specialist vehicles, enabling their efficient
movement as per operational requirements. This flexibility ensures that the equipment
can be deployed and relocated to different areas as needed.
Promoting Indigenous Manufacturing and Self-Reliance
A notable aspect of this contract is that the containers will be produced with equipment
and sub-systems sourced from indigenous manufacturers. This approach not only
strengthens the indigenous manufacturing ecosystem but also supports the vision of
Aatmnirbhar Bharat (Self-reliant India). The procurement of indigenous equipment
contributes to reducing dependence on foreign suppliers while bolstering the domestic
defence industry.
Boosting Exports and Technological Advancement
Apart from meeting the requirements of the Indian Army, the development and
procurement of such state-of-the-art equipment have broader implications. It promotes
technological advancement in the country and enables the Indian defence industry to
cater to the needs of friendly nations, thereby boosting exports and enhancing India’s
position as a reliable defence partner.
National Time Release Study (NTRS) 2023 Report
The recently released National Time Release Study (NTRS) 2023 report by Central Board of
Indirect Taxes and Customs (CBIC) is a significant milestone in evaluating the
performance of cargo release processes in India. This study aims to provide valuable
insights into import and export release times.
Understanding the Time Release Study (TRS)
The Time Release Study serves as a vital performance measurement tool that assesses the
duration of cargo release processes. It measures the time taken from the arrival of cargo
at Customs stations to its out-of-charge status for domestic clearance in imports or the
departure of the carrier in exports.
Sample Period and Objectives
The NTRS 2023 report analyzed data collected during the sample period from January 1 to
7, 2023. Its primary objectives include assessing progress towards the targets set in the
National Trade Facilitation Action Plan, evaluating the impact of trade facilitative initiatives
like the “Path to Promptness,” and identifying challenges hindering the reduction of
release time.
Inclusive Port Coverage
The study encompasses a wide range of ports, including seaports, air cargo complexes
(ACCs), inland container depots (ICDs), and integrated check posts (ICPs). These ports
collectively account for approximately 80% of bills of entry and 70% of shipping bills filed
in the country.
Reduction in Import Release Time
One of the key findings of the NTRS 2023 report is the continued improvement in average
import release times. Comparing 2023 to 2022, seaports achieved a 9% reduction, ICDs
achieved a remarkable 20% reduction, and ACCs saw an 11% decrease. The import release
times for seaports, ICDs, ACCs, and ICPs were recorded as 85:42 hrs, 71:46 hrs, 44:16 hrs,
and 31:47 hrs, respectively. Moreover, the measure of standard deviation indicated
greater certainty in the timely release of imported cargo.
The Path to Promptness
The report highlights the significance of the three-fold ‘Path to Promptness’ framework. It
encompasses the advance filing of import documents, risk-based facilitation of cargo, and
the benefits of the Authorized Economic Operators. Cargo shipments that successfully
incorporate these three features consistently meet the National Trade Facilitation Action
Plan’s release time targets across all port categories.
Export Release Time and Distinctions
In line with the Indian government’s priority on export promotion, the NTRS 2023 report
emphasizes the measurement of export release time. It differentiates between regulatory
clearance, which concludes with the grant of Let Export Order (LEO), and physical
clearance, which occurs upon the carrier’s departure with the goods.
Collaborative Efforts and Trade Efficiency
The improved release times highlighted in the NTRS 2023 report are the result of
collaborative efforts by stakeholders such as Customs, port authorities, Customs Brokers,
and Participating Government Agencies (PGAs). The implementation of trade facilitation
measures has played a pivotal role in expediting cargo clearance and enhancing trade
efficiency. These efforts not only benefit the domestic industry but also foster
opportunities for exports to friendly countries.
Bright Grains in Chromosphere
A recent study conducted by a team of solar physicists from the Indian Institute of
Astrophysics (IIA) has shed light on the fascinating phenomenon of bright grains
observed in the chromosphere of the Sun. These grains are caused by upward
propagating shocks in the solar plasma, leading to temperature enhancements that
surpass previous estimates.
Unveiling the Nature of Bright Grains
The chromosphere, a dynamic layer within the solar atmosphere, plays a crucial role in
transferring energy and heating the corona. It has long been a subject of interest for
researchers seeking to understand the mechanisms behind energy transmission. The
study confirms that the bright grains observed in the chromosphere are a result of
upward propagating shocks.
Two Mechanisms of Energy Transmission
The solar physicists recognize two widely accepted mechanisms for the transmission of
energy within the solar atmosphere. The first mechanism involves the rearrangement of
magnetic field lines, transitioning from higher to lower potential. The second mechanism
centers around the propagation of various types of waves, including acoustic waves.
Understanding Acoustic Shock Waves
Acoustic shock waves, commonly known as grains, are heating events occurring in the
chromosphere. These transient brightenings in images provide insights into the non-
thermal energy distribution within the solar atmosphere. The study conducted by the IIA
team aimed to quantify the temperature enhancements associated with these acoustic
shock events.
Quantifying Temperature Enhancements
Using high-quality observations from the Swedish Solar Telescope and a sophisticated
inversion code called STiC, the scientists accurately determined the temperature
enhancements during acoustic shock events. On average, the temperature rise reached
approximately 1100 K, with a maximum of around 4500 K. These values are three to five
times higher than previous estimates.
Optimizing the Study Process
To infer atmospheric properties during acoustic shocks, the team employed machine
learning techniques and a state-of-the-art inversion code. These advancements
significantly expedited the computation process, allowing for more efficient analysis of the
data obtained from the grains.
Implications of the Findings
The study’s findings have important implications for solar and plasma astrophysics. The
observed temperature enhancements provide insights into the energy transfer
mechanisms within the chromosphere. Moreover, the identification of upflowing plasma
as a result of the shocks supports earlier interpretations and theories regarding the
dynamics of the solar atmosphere.
VAIBHAV Fellowship Programme
The Government of India has launched a fellowship program known as VAIBHAV (Vaishvik
Bhartiya Vaigyanik) to foster collaboration and knowledge-sharing between the Indian
diaspora scientists and academic institutions in India. Under the Ministry of Science and
Technology, this initiative aims to harness the expertise of scientists and technologists of
Indian origin residing abroad and promote collaborative research in frontier areas of
Science and Technology.
Connecting Global Indian Scientists
The VAIBHAV fellowship program targets scientists and technologists of Indian origin,
including NRI (Non-Resident Indians), OCI (Overseas Citizen of India), and PIO (Person of
Indian Origin) engaged in research activities in their respective countries. The program
seeks to bridge the gap between the Indian diaspora and Indian academic and R&D
institutions.
Knowledge Verticals and Collaboration
The selected fellows, totaling 75 in number, will have the opportunity to work in 18
identified knowledge verticals, including quantum technology, health, pharma, electronics,
agriculture, energy, computer sciences, and material sciences. These areas represent
cutting-edge fields where collaboration can lead to groundbreaking advancements.
Duration and Fellowship Benefits
A VAIBHAV fellow can spend up to two months in India each year for a maximum duration
of three years. The fellowship comes with a comprehensive grant that covers various
expenses. This includes a fellowship grant of Rs 4,00,000 per month, support for
international and domestic travel, accommodation, and contingencies. The generous
fellowship package ensures that the fellows can focus on their research and contribute to
the academic and scientific ecosystem in India.
Application and Deadline
Applicants can access the proposal formats and submit their applications through the e-
PMS (e-Project Management System) portal of the Department of Science and Technology
(DST). The deadline for submitting applications for the first call of VAIBHAV fellowships is
July 31, 2023. It is important for interested scientists and technologists to adhere to this
timeline to be considered for this prestigious opportunity.
Promoting Science, Research, and Innovation
The VAIBHAV fellowship program aligns with the Government of India’s commitment to
promote science, research, and innovation. Prime Minister Narendra Modi emphasized
the significance of science in driving socio-economic transformations. The program serves
as a platform to bring together diverse expertise, foster collaboration, and leverage the
knowledge and wisdom of the global Indian scientific community.
Uttar Pradesh Formulates Pharmaceutical Industry Policy-2023
The Government of Uttar Pradesh is taking significant strides to establish the state as a
prominent hub for pharmaceutical products in India. With this goal in mind, the state
government is preparing the draft of the Pharmaceutical Industry Policy-2023. This policy,
set to be implemented for the next five years, aims to boost the local pharmaceutical and
medical device industry, foster research and development, and improve the accessibility of
affordable medicines for the citizens of Uttar Pradesh.
Objective and Key Focus
The primary objective of the Pharmaceutical Industry Policy-2023 is to promote the overall
development of the pharmaceutical sector within the state. By focusing on local
production, research and development, and ensuring the availability of cost-effective
medicines, the policy aims to create a robust ecosystem for growth and innovation.
Incentives and Support
To propel the growth of the pharmaceutical industry, the policy outlines various incentives
and support measures. The government plans to provide subsidies, incentives, and land to
encourage the establishment of pharmaceutical companies. Additionally, special attention
will be given to the creation of a conducive environment for research and development by
collaborating with academic institutions.
Target Sectors and Manufacturing
The Pharmaceutical Industry Policy-2023 places significant emphasis on the
pharmaceutical and medical device sectors. It aims to identify plots and develop dedicated
parks for bulk manufacturing of allopathic and AYUSH products, medical devices, and
essential ingredients used in drug manufacturing. This focus on manufacturing will
facilitate the growth of the industry and generate employment opportunities.
Loan Interest and Investment
To attract investment and promote industry development, the government offers a
notable incentive in the form of loan interest assistance. Under the policy, the State
Government will provide a 50% interest subsidy on loans for land purchases, up to a
maximum of seven years. This financial support will aid in establishing pharmaceutical
facilities and encourage investors to participate in the growth of the industry.
Global Mean Temperature Crosses 1.5 Degree Celsius Threshold
According to the European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecast (ECMWF), the 1.5-
degree Celsius threshold for global mean temperatures was breached in the first few days
of June. This marks the first time the 1.5-degree threshold has been surpassed during the
summer months. The ECMWF highlighted that earlier instances of exceeding pre-
industrial averages by more than 1.5 degrees Celsius occurred predominantly in the
winter and spring seasons, when deviations from historical trends are more pronounced.
The Paris Agreement’s Goal and Thresholds
The 2015 Paris Agreement sets a goal to limit the rise in global mean temperatures
compared to pre-industrial times to no more than 2 degrees Celsius, with a preference for
restricting it within 1.5 degrees Celsius. However, it is important to note that these
thresholds refer to long-term warming trends over a period of 20 to 30 years, rather than
daily or annual global temperatures.
Inevitability of Short-Term Breaches
Short-term breaches of the Paris Agreement thresholds, even extending over a few years,
are considered inevitable at this point. Various climate change projections, including those
from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, indicate that the world is expected
to exceed the 1.5-degree threshold before eventually returning to lower levels.
World Meteorological Organization’s Warnings
The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) issued a warning that there is a 66%
likelihood of annual global temperatures surpassing the 1.5-degree threshold in at least
one of the next five years (2023-2027). Last year, global mean temperatures were already
1.15 degrees Celsius higher than pre-industrial levels. The warmest year on record so far is
2016 when global mean temperatures were 1.28 degrees Celsius higher.
Implications for Climate Crisis
These temperature increases and breaches of the 1.5-degree threshold underscore the
urgency of addressing the climate crisis. Monitoring the frequency and duration of these
breaches is crucial to mitigate the severe consequences of climate change. Efforts to
reduce greenhouse gas emissions, transition to renewable energy sources, and
implement sustainable practices become increasingly important as the world faces the
challenges of rising temperatures.
Long-Term Commitment and Collaborative Action
The thresholds set in the Paris Agreement reflect the long-term commitment to combat
climate change. Achieving the agreed-upon goals requires sustained efforts over decades.
As global temperatures continue to rise, it is essential for countries, organizations, and
individuals to work together, adopt environmentally-friendly practices, and develop
innovative solutions to mitigate the impacts of climate change and safeguard the future of
our planet.
June 17, 2023
Prime Ministers’ Museum and Library Society
The Nehru Memorial Museum and Library Society, a prestigious institution in India,
recently held a special meeting that resulted in a significant resolution to change its name
to Prime Ministers’ Museum and Library Society.
Resolving for Change
During the special meeting of the Nehru Memorial Museum and Library Society, a vital
resolution was passed. The decision to change the institution’s name to the Prime
Ministers’ Museum and Library Society was made, symbolizing a shift in its focus and
reflecting the evolving landscape of Indian democracy.
A New Identity
The new name, Prime Ministers’ Museum and Library Society, embodies the
comprehensive representation of India’s prime ministerial legacy. It acknowledges the
contributions of all the leaders who have guided the nation and democratizes the
institutional memory, ensuring each prime minister’s significant role is recognized.
Reflecting Present Activities
The Executive Council recognized the need for a name that reflects the institution’s
present activities and the collective journey of democracy in Independent India. It
acknowledges the progress and challenges faced by the nation, presenting a holistic
narrative of India’s prime ministerial legacy.
Renovated Nehru Museum Building
Within the renovated Nehru Museum building, visitors can explore technologically
advanced displays highlighting the life and significant contributions of Shri Jawaharlal
Nehru. This seamless blend of history and progress signifies the institution’s commitment
to preserving and showcasing India’s rich democratic heritage.
Dugdh Sanakalan Sathi Mobile App
The dairy industry plays a vital role in India’s agricultural landscape, and addressing key
challenges in the milk collection process is crucial for its growth and efficiency. In a
significant development, Mahendra Nath Pandey, the Union Minister of Heavy Industries,
recently launched the groundbreaking “Dugdh Sanakalan Sathi Mobile App.” Developed
by Rajasthan Electronics & Instruments Limited (REIL), under the Ministry of Heavy
Industries, this app aims to transform the Indian dairy sector by streamlining operations,
improving transparency, and enhancing milk quality.
Addressing Challenges in Milk Collection Process
The primary objective of the Dugdh Sanakalan Sathi Mobile App is to tackle key challenges
in the milk collection process. By leveraging modern technology, the app aims to enhance
efficiency, transparency, and the overall quality of milk production.
Improving Milk Quality and Ensuring Transparency
According to the Ministry of Heavy Industries, the app aims to improve milk quality, foster
transparency among stakeholders, and streamline operations at the grassroots village
level, including milk cooperative societies. This emphasis on quality and transparency will
benefit both producers and consumers, ensuring the delivery of safe and nutritious milk.
Streamlining Operations and Empowering Stakeholders
One of the key goals of the app, as highlighted by the Ministry of Heavy Industries, is to
streamline operations in the dairy industry. By providing real-time updates on milk
collection, prices, and enabling online monitoring at Milk Cooperative Societies, the app
simplifies processes and reduces inefficiencies. This streamlining benefits stakeholders
such as milk producers, cooperative societies, milk unions, and state federations.
Multilingual Support for Wider Reach
Recognizing India’s linguistic diversity, the Milk Collection Partner Mobile App is available
in multiple languages, including English, Hindi, Punjabi, Telugu, and others. This
multilingual support ensures that a wider range of stakeholders can access and benefit
from the app, promoting inclusivity and ease of use.
Key Features and Benefits
The Ministry of Heavy Industries highlights several key features and benefits of the app.
These include:
Increased transparency among stakeholders
Online monitoring of milk collection
Real-time updates on milk prices
Direct beneficiary transfers of payments and government subsidies to milk
producers’ bank accounts
Push notifications for milk collection
Multilingual support
These features empower stakeholders, foster efficiency, and contribute to the overall
growth of the dairy sector.
1 MW Rooftop Solar Power Project
NTPC Vidyut Vyapar Nigam Limited (NVVN), a subsidiary of NTPC has commissioned the
first rooftop solar project at IIT Jodhpur. This project showcases the growing commitment
to renewable energy and sustainability.
A Sustainable Power Solution
Under the leadership of NVVN, the rooftop solar project at IIT Jodhpur represents a major
step towards a greener future. With a capacity of 1 MW, this grid-connected solar project
is set to make a positive impact on energy generation and reduce carbon emissions.
Implementing the RESCO Model
The project has been implemented under the Renewable Energy Service Company
(RESCO) model. In this model, the RESCO takes responsibility for designing, building,
funding, and operating the entire solar power plant, be it rooftop or ground-mounted.
This approach ensures a seamless execution and offers long-term benefits.
Long-Term Power Purchase Agreement
To ensure sustained power generation and stability, the Power Purchase Agreement for
this rooftop solar project spans an impressive duration of 25 years. This commitment
reflects the strong vision for a future powered by renewable energy sources.
Involvement of Multiple Buildings
The rooftop solar project covers a significant expanse, spreading across the roofs of 14
buildings within the IIT Jodhpur campus. This widespread coverage maximizes the
potential for solar energy generation and sets a shining example for other institutions.
Meeting Energy Needs and Reducing Carbon Emissions
By generating approximately 14.9 lakhs units of electricity per annum, the rooftop solar
project will meet 15% of IIT Jodhpur’s electricity requirement. This substantial contribution
not only aids in meeting energy needs sustainably but also significantly reduces carbon
emissions by an estimated 1,060 tonnes per year.
NTPC Vidyut Vyapar Nigam Limited’s Commitment
NTPC Vidyut Vyapar Nigam Limited, established in 2002, is at the forefront of power
trading in India. Through its subsidiary, NVVN, the company has obtained the highest
Category ‘I’ power trading license. This demonstrates their dedication to harnessing the
potential of renewable energy and promoting sustainability.
HF Radio Propagation Model
Researchers at the Indian Institute of Geomagnetism (IIG) have created a groundbreaking
model for the transmission of radio waves through the ionosphere. This breakthrough not
only has the potential to estimate the impact of space weather but also plays a crucial role
in facilitating the planning and operation of High Frequency (HF) radio communications.
Understanding the Ionosphere and HF Communications
The ionosphere is a region of Earth’s upper atmosphere that acts as a gateway for radio
communication between the ground and space. It plays a pivotal role in enabling long-
distance HF communications beyond the horizon, through the reflection of radio waves.
This phenomenon is known as Skywave communications, which is vital for various
applications, including communication during natural disasters and mid-ocean
surveillance.
Addressing Space Weather Challenges
Skywave communications are significantly influenced by space weather phenomena like
solar flares, Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs), and geomagnetic storms. To tackle this
challenge, the IIG scientists have developed a model that estimates the effects of space
weather on the ionosphere and its impact on HF radio communication systems.
Revealing the Ionospheric Depletion
In a notable study published in the journal Space Weather, the IIG scientists revealed a
deep depletion of the ionosphere over the Indian sub-continent region on March 17, 2015,
caused by a severe geomagnetic storm. The HF radio wave propagation model developed
by the IIG indicates that this depletion can lead to the limitation of the usable HF spectrum
by over 50% during disturbed periods. Additionally, the skip-zones, where Skywave signals
are not receivable, expand, resulting in the loss of communications.
Enhancing Communication Strategies
The importance of the HF radio propagation model lies in its ability to aid in the planning
of strategies for reliable Skywave communication systems during active space weather
periods. By understanding the effects of space weather on the ionosphere,
communication operators can make informed decisions to ensure uninterrupted
communication, especially during natural disasters and emergencies.
Promoting Efficiency and Reliability
This development by the IIG holds immense significance for the efficient operation of HF
radio communications. By estimating the impact of space weather and understanding the
limitations during disturbed periods, operators can plan and implement strategies to
optimize communication systems. This leads to increased reliability and effectiveness in
critical scenarios. Scientists at the Indian Institute of Geomagnetism (IIG) have achieved a
significant milestone with the development of a new model for radio wave propagation
through the ionosphere.
Indian Dickinsonia Fossil
Indian scientists have made a groundbreaking discovery regarding the Indian Dickinsonia
fossil, originally reported from the UNESCO World Heritage Site Bhimbetka Cave Shelter.
Through meticulous research and analysis, they have revealed a surprising revelation that
challenges previous assumptions.
Examining the Indian Dickinsonia Fossil
A team of Ediacaran palaeontologists from the Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences
(BSIP) undertook a comprehensive scrutiny of the fossil known as Dickinsonia tenuis. This
particular fossil, an important Ediacaran fossil, sparked curiosity after American scientists
reported another Ediacaran fossil in the same area.
Unveiling the Truth
Through extensive field observations and laboratory analyses, the scientists discovered
evidence that contradicts the earlier claims. The fossil did not exhibit the expected
characteristics of biogenicity and syngenecity. Instead, it was identified as a left-over
impression of a fallen beehive. This revelation disproves the initial interpretation given by
renowned American researchers.
Evidence from the Site
During their investigation, the team found compelling evidence at the site of the claimed
fossil. The presence of fresh and decayed honey beehives, along with bees and
honeycomb structures, raised doubts about the fossil’s true identity. This observation
strongly suggested that the described fossil was misinterpreted as Dickinsonia.
Confirmation through Advanced Techniques
To substantiate their findings, the researchers utilized advanced techniques such as Laser
Raman Spectroscopy and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). These methods confirmed the presence
of honey and wax in the material, providing further support for their conclusion.
Importance of Correct Interpretation
The correction of misinterpretations in the study of Indian geology holds immense
importance. It allows scientists to trace the exact evolutionary trail and gain a
comprehensive understanding of the Earth’s geological history. By challenging previous
assumptions and presenting accurate information, researchers can uncover new insights
into the origins and diversification of life.
Vindhyan Supergroup: Unveiling Earth’s History
The Vindhyan Supergroup, renowned for being an archive of over one billion years of
Earth’s history, plays a crucial role in such discoveries. This vast basin holds significant
fossil discoveries that shed light on the origins and diversification of life on our planet. The
exploration of this site contributes to our understanding of how the earliest life forms
emerged and adapted.
First Over Dimensional Cargo (ODC)
The transportation of over-dimensional cargo (ODC) via waterways has reached a
significant milestone in India, showcasing the country’s commitment to leveraging its
inland water resources. Led by the Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways, this
transformative endeavor is revolutionizing cargo transportation.
Inland Waterways Authority’s Role
Under the supervision of the Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways, the Inland
Waterways Authority of India (IWAI) took charge of transporting the ODC. The IWAI serves
as the nodal agency responsible for the development and management of inland
waterways across the country.
Expansion of Numaligarh Refinery
The ODC transportation played a pivotal role in the expansion of Numaligarh Refinery
(NRL). The project aimed to enhance the refinery’s capacity from 3 MMT (Million Metric
Tons) to an impressive 9 MMT. This ambitious undertaking sets the stage for increased
production and growth in the petroleum sector.
MoU Signing
Last year, IWAI and NRL signed a momentous Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) for
the transportation of ODC and Over Weight Cargo (OWC). The MoU solidified the
partnership between the two entities, ensuring smooth logistics for NRL’s expansion.
MV-Marine 66
The first ODC was successfully transported from Kolkata to Numaligarh Refinery Jetty
aboard the MV-Marine 66. This vessel played a crucial role in proving the viability and
effectiveness of waterways as a means of cargo transportation.
Impressive Specifications
The Diesel Hydrotreating (DHT) reactor, a crucial component of the cargo, weighed a
staggering 485 MT in net weight. With a length of 31.5 meters and a diameter of 8.00
meters, this substantial piece of equipment highlighted the scale and complexity of the
transportation operation.
Efficient Waterway Route
The journey from Kolkata to Numaligarh took nearly three months, utilizing the Indo
Bangladesh Protocol Route (IBPR). This strategic route optimized efficiency and facilitated
smooth transit, ensuring the successful completion of the transportation project.
Dredgers Enabling Success
To overcome logistical challenges, IWAI employed three essential dredgers: CSD Mandovi,
CSD Brahmini, and HSD Jia Bhoroli. These dredgers played a vital role in ensuring
navigability and maintaining optimal waterway conditions.
GoI-UNSDCF 2023-2027
The Government of India (GoI) and the United Nations (UN) have joined hands to
strengthen their commitment towards sustainable development. A significant milestone
was achieved with the signing of the Government of India – United Nations Sustainable
Development Cooperation Framework (GoI-UNSDCF) 2023-2027. This partnership aims to
accelerate progress in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), promote
gender equality, empower youth, and uphold human rights.
Objectives and Pillars of the GoI-UNSDCF
The primary objective of the GoI-UNSDCF 2023-2027 is to align with the national vision for
development and contribute to the achievement of the SDGs. The framework is built upon
four strategic pillars: People, Prosperity, Planet, and Participation. These pillars are
interlinked and represent the key areas of focus for sustainable development.
Outcome Areas and Focus
Within the GoI-UNSDCF, six outcome areas have been identified to guide the efforts
towards sustainable development. These areas include Health and Well-being, Nutrition
and Food Security, Quality Education, Economic Growth and Decent Work, Environment,
Climate, WASH, and Resilience, as well as Empowering People, Communities, and
Institutions.
A notable aspect of the GoI-UNSDCF is its specific focus on SDG localization and South-
South cooperation. This emphasizes India’s leadership in implementing and accelerating
the SDGs within its own territory while championing collaboration and knowledge sharing
among developing nations.
Implementation and Monitoring
The formulation of the GoI-UNSDCF was led by NITI Aayog, with active participation from
line ministries, state governments, union territories, and the UN development system in
India. The implementation, monitoring, and reporting of the framework will be co-led by
the Government of India and the United Nations through a Joint Steering Committee. This
collaborative approach ensures comprehensive oversight and effective coordination to
achieve the desired outcomes.
India’s Vision and Global Impact
Over the next 25 years, India envisions a transformed nation, referred to as ‘Viksit Bharat,’
aligned with the clarion call of the Hon’ble Prime Minister. The GoI-UNSDCF plays a crucial
role in realizing this vision, ensuring that no one is left behind, and leveraging the
potential of India’s vast and diverse demography.
What is Fish Kill?
Recently, Texas witnessed a massive fish die-off that raised concerns among experts and
residents alike. The occurrence, known as a fish kill, resulted in the death of various fish
species and has been attributed to specific environmental factors.
The Role of Low Oxygen Levels
The fish kill in Texas can be attributed to low oxygen levels in the water. When oxygen
levels drop significantly, fish are unable to breathe, leading to suffocation and ultimately
death. This situation is exacerbated when numerous fish are affected within a specific area
over a short period.
Several factors played a role in the Texas fish kill. Firstly, warm water temperatures reduce
the amount of dissolved oxygen in the water, making it harder for fish to breathe.
Additionally, calm seas prevent oxygen from being replenished through wind and waves,
further exacerbating the oxygen depletion.
Impact of Overcast Weather
Overcast weather can hinder photosynthesis, a process that contributes to oxygen
production in the water. With reduced sunlight, phytoplankton, the primary producers
responsible for oxygen production, are unable to carry out photosynthesis efficiently.
Consequently, the concentration of dissolved oxygen decreases, affecting fish
populations.
Regularity of Fish Kill Events
Contrary to popular belief, fish kills are not uncommon in Texas. They occur annually
during the summer months when sea surface temperatures rise. These events primarily
impact menhaden, which play a crucial role in the region’s ecosystem as a food source for
other fish.
Climate Change Implications
While there is no direct link between the recent fish kill and climate change, rising ocean
temperatures are expected to contribute to more frequent occurrences. Warmer oceans
can result in decreased oxygen levels, making fish kills more prevalent in the future.
Additional Negative Effects
Beyond fish kills, ocean warming has other adverse consequences. Studies indicate that
rising temperatures can lead to smaller fish sizes and disrupt natural habitats, as some
species seek cooler environments. These effects have significant implications for the
balance of marine ecosystems and the fishing industry.
Ordinance to Amend Maharashtra Cooperative Societies Act, 1960
On June 7, an ordinance amending the Maharashtra Cooperative Societies Act was signed,
bringing about significant changes in the categorization of members. The amendment
seeks to differentiate between “active” and “non-active” members, with implications for
their rights and participation within cooperative societies.
Defining Active Membership
Under the amendment, an “active” member is defined as someone who actively
participates in the society’s affairs and utilizes its services or products. This definition aims
to recognize and reward members who engage and contribute to the cooperative’s
functioning.
Identifying Non-Active Members
On the other hand, “non-active” members are those who have neither attended a single
annual general body meeting nor utilized the society’s services for five consecutive years.
This criterion is put in place to address concerns regarding inactive participation and
encourage members to engage with their cooperative societies.
Consequences for Non-Active Members
Non-active members face significant consequences under the amendment. They are
expelled from basic membership, depriving them of the right to vote in elections and
disallowing them from standing for office. These measures are intended to maintain the
democratic integrity and active involvement of members within cooperative societies.
Differing Perspectives
The Federation of Cooperative Sugar Factories Ltd has voiced strong objections to the
amendment, emphasizing the importance of democratic functioning and grassroots
participation. They argue that the exclusion of members based on attendance or
utilization fails to consider factors such as economic constraints and limited accessibility
for certain groups.
Contrasting Reactions from Sugar Mills
Interestingly, some sugar mills, particularly in border areas, have not protested against
the amendment. They view it as a means to curb cane poaching and political influence.
Cooperative mills, with their constitutional obligation to procure cane, contend that this
amendment will help regulate the industry and ensure fair practices.
Farmers’ Concerns and Demands
Farmers, however, have expressed apprehension about the amendment, seeing it as a
step backward towards zone demarcations in the sugar sector. They argue that it may
restrict their flexibility and impede their decision-making abilities. Farmers demand the
immediate rescission of the amendment, urging the government to reconsider its impact
on their livelihoods.
Roosevelt Hotel
The Pakistan International Airlines (PIA) has recently leased out one of its most prized
possessions, the historic Roosevelt Hotel in New York. The lease agreement, signed by PIA,
will last for a period of three years, bringing a significant influx of funds amidst the
airline’s ongoing economic struggles.
Lease Agreement and Financial Gain
Under the lease agreement, PIA will receive a staggering $220 million. This infusion of
funds will not only help the airline clear the hotel’s liabilities but also generate substantial
revenue for Pakistan’s treasury. This move is seen as a prudent step to overcome the
economic challenges faced by PIA, especially considering the extended closure of the
hotel during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Historical Significance of the Roosevelt Hotel
The Roosevelt Hotel holds a special place in the history of New York. Constructed in 1924,
the hotel’s elegant architecture and timeless charm transport visitors back to the “Roaring
Twenties.” The grandeur of the building, adorned with exquisite details such as
mouldings, gold trims, luxurious sofas, and majestic chandeliers, epitomizes opulence.
The Palm Room, a two-story oval-shaped tea room, with its captivating mural and
stunning chandelier, remains a remarkable highlight of the hotel.
Legendary Performances and Political Campaigns
The Roosevelt Hotel has witnessed numerous iconic performances and served as a
significant venue for political campaigns. The legendary musician Guy Lombardo and his
band, “The Royal Canadians,” captivated audiences at the Roosevelt Grill from 1929 to
1962, notably performing “Auld Lang Syne” on New Year’s Eve. The hotel also hosted
esteemed musicians such as Jan Garber and Lawrence Welk. Additionally, notable political
campaigns, including those of President Dwight B. Eisenhower and NY Mayor John
Lindsay, utilized the hotel as their campaign headquarters.
On-Screen Presence and Cultural Impact
The hotel’s rich history and timeless allure have made it a sought-after location for the
film and television industry. It has provided the backdrop for renowned productions like
“Wall Street,” “French Connection,” “Maid in Manhattan,” and the popular TV series “Mad
Men.” The association of the Roosevelt Hotel with these cultural milestones has cemented
its status as an iconic symbol of New York City.
PIA’s Ownership and Past Sale Discussions
PIA acquired the Roosevelt Hotel in 2000, marking its entry into the hospitality industry.
Despite occasional discussions of selling the hotel, the idea has faced significant
opposition within the Pakistani political establishment. Previous attempts to sell the
property were dropped due to various reasons, including the Iraq War and resistance
from the Senate and Prime Minister. However, the economic challenges brought about by
the pandemic have necessitated a pragmatic approach.
Right to Change One’s Name
The right to change one’s name has been a subject of legal scrutiny in recent cases. The
High Courts of Allahabad and Delhi have ruled that this right is an intrinsic part of the
right to life under Article 21 of the Constitution.
Ruling of Allahabad and Delhi High Courts
The High Courts of Allahabad and Delhi have played a significant role in recognizing the
right to change one’s name. Both courts have acknowledged that this right is protected
under Article 21, which guarantees the right to life. This landmark ruling establishes the
importance of personal autonomy in choosing one’s name.
Delhi High Court’s Case: Sadanand & Anr. vs CBSE & Ors
In the case of ‘Sadanand & Anr. vs CBSE & Ors’, the Delhi High Court allowed two brothers
to change their surname due to caste atrocities and social stigma. The petitioners sought
to overcome the disadvantages associated with their original surname, ‘Mochi’. The court
determined that the right to one’s identity is an inherent component of the Right to Life as
enshrined in Article 21.
Contention of CBSE and Educational Certificates
The CBSE, in the aforementioned case, argued that changing the surname could lead to
misuse and a subsequent change in caste. However, the Allahabad High Court
emphasized that name changes in educational certificates must be simultaneously
incorporated in all identity-related documents. This ensures consistency and prevents
confusion or potential misuse of identification documents.
Precedent Case: Kashish Gupta vs. Central Board of Secondary Education
To argue for the right to change names, the Allahabad High Court relied on the case of
‘Kashish Gupta vs. Central Board of Secondary Education’. This case affirmed that the
right to keep a name of choice or change it according to personal preference is part of the
right to freedom of speech and expression under Article 19(1)(a), as well as the right to
liberty under Article 21.
Importance of Name and Personal Preference
According to the Allahabad High Court, the right to change names is an intrinsic element
of personal identity. It falls within the realm of the right to freedom of speech and
expression and should not be hindered by state or its instrumentalities, except within the
limitations prescribed under Article 19(2) or by just, fair, and reasonable laws.
‘Residential Segregation and Unequal Access to Local Public Services in India: Evidence from
1.5m Neighbourhoods’
A paper titled ‘Residential Segregation and Unequal Access to Local Public Services in
India: Evidence from 1.5m Neighbourhoods’ was released recently. It has shed light on the
level of residential segregation in Indian cities and its impact on marginalized
communities.
Data Sources
The research paper draws its insights from the Socioeconomic and Caste Census 2012 and
the Economic Census. These comprehensive data sources provide valuable information on
the demographics and socioeconomic conditions of Indian neighborhoods.
Magnitude of Segregation
According to the paper, approximately 26% of the Muslim population resides in
neighborhoods with an over 80% Muslim population, while 17% of the SC population lives
in neighborhoods with an over 80% SC population. These statistics reflect the
concentrated nature of residential segregation in India.
Systematic Allocation of Public Facilities
The research paper highlights that public facilities and infrastructure are systematically
allocated away from neighborhoods where Muslim and Scheduled Caste residents live.
This allocation disparity affects marginalized communities and contributes to the unequal
access to essential services.
Limited Access to Services
Neighborhoods inhabited by marginalized groups face significant barriers in accessing
vital services such as primary and secondary schools, healthcare, piped water supply,
electricity, and covered drains. The paper emphasizes that the disparities in service
availability are substantial.
Implications for Marginalized Communities
In a 100% Muslim neighborhood compared to a 0% Muslim neighborhood, the likelihood
of having piped water infrastructure decreases by approximately 10%. This finding
underscores the disparities faced by marginalized communities in accessing basic
amenities.
Urban vs. Rural Segregation
The research paper reveals that residential segregation is slightly lower in urban areas
compared to rural areas. Additionally, the study suggests that newer cities experience less
segregation than older ones, indicating a potential shift in patterns over time.
Association with Social Outcomes
Contrary to the U.S. context, where segregated cities primarily impact Black Americans,
the paper emphasizes that segregated cities in India affect social outcomes for all social
groups. This finding highlights the broad implications of residential segregation on
marginalized communities in India.
Panel Set Up to Recommend Reforms in Arbitration Law
The Indian government has formed an expert panel with the aim of establishing India as
an international arbitration hub. The panel, set up by the Union law ministry, aims to
recommend reforms in the Arbitration and Conciliation Act.
Leadership and Members
T K Vishwanathan, a highly experienced former law secretary, is leading the expert panel.
Additionally, N Venkataramani, the Attorney General of India, plays a crucial role as a
member of the committee. Another key member is Rajiv Mani, serving as the Law
Ministry’s additional secretary. The panel also includes senior advocates, representatives
from private law firms, and officials from various departments such as the Legislative
Department, Niti Aayog, National Highways Authority of India (NHAI), railways, and
Central Public Works Department (CPWD).
Objective: Reducing Burden on Courts
The primary objective of the expert panel is to recommend reforms in the Arbitration and
Conciliation Act to alleviate the burden on courts. By strengthening the arbitration
ecosystem, the panel aims to encourage parties to opt for private dispute resolution
instead of approaching courts. This shift can expedite the resolution process and ease the
strain on the judicial system.
Devising an Efficient and Economical Model
The committee has been entrusted with the task of devising a framework for a model
arbitration system. This system aims to be efficient, effective, and economical, catering to
the needs of the users. The objective is to streamline arbitration procedures, making them
more user-friendly, cost-effective, and time-bound. This would enhance access to justice
and promote confidence in the arbitration process.
Binding Decisions and Dispute Resolution
In arbitration, the decisions made by the arbitrators are binding. This approach provides
parties with a more flexible and tailored resolution process compared to the traditional
court system. By emphasizing arbitration as a preferred method of dispute resolution, the
panel aims to reduce the burden on courts and expedite the resolution of disputes.
Strengthening Dispute Resolution Environment
The Department of Legal Affairs, responsible for the establishment of the expert panel, is
taking various steps to strengthen the dispute resolution environment in India. By
promoting ease of doing business and enacting timely reforms, the department aims to
create a favorable climate for domestic and international stakeholders.
Minimizing Court Intervention and Enhancing Efficiency
The primary goal of reforming the Arbitration and Conciliation Act is to minimize court
intervention. By making arbitration a party-driven process with cost-effective and time-
bound resolutions, the panel seeks to enhance efficiency and reduce the reliance on
traditional court litigation. This approach aligns with the global trend of promoting
alternative dispute resolution mechanisms.
Common Annual Confidential Reports
Efforts are underway to enhance integration and jointness in the armed forces, with a
significant step taken towards achieving commonality in procedures. The implementation
of a common Annual Confidential Report (ACR) for two- and three-star officers is set to
play a crucial role in this endeavor.
Promoting Integration through Common ACR
The primary objective of implementing a common ACR in the armed forces is to foster
integration. By establishing a standardized evaluation system, the armed forces can create
a cohesive environment that promotes synergy and unity among officers of different
ranks.
Initial Implementation and Timeline
The implementation of the common ACR will begin with two- and three-star officers. This
initial phase is anticipated to be completed within three to four months. It serves as a
significant step towards streamlining the evaluation process for senior officers across all
branches of the armed forces.
Enhancing Jointness through Common Parameters
The creation of theatre commands, entrusted to the Chief of Defence Staff (CDS),
necessitates the establishment of common parameters. The common ACR serves as a
fundamental HR-related measure aimed at achieving uniformity in procedures and
assessments. This step ensures that officers selected for combined or tri-services
appointments are evaluated based on common criteria rather than parent service-specific
parameters.
Anticipated Outcomes
The introduction of common procedures and assessments is expected to yield better
outcomes in terms of officer placements and performance evaluations. By unifying the
appraisal system, the armed forces can enhance efficiency, streamline decision-making
processes, and strengthen coordination among different branches.
Impact on Officer Employment
As the armed forces progress towards joint structures and organizations, employment in
tri-service appointments is expected to increase. This shift provides opportunities for
officers to serve in diverse roles and environments, fostering cross-service collaboration
and leveraging expertise across branches.
Sanctioned Strength of Three-Star Officers
As of the data presented in Parliament in February 2022, the Army has 94 sanctioned
Lieutenant Generals, the Navy has 23 sanctioned Vice Admirals, and the Air Force has 29
sanctioned Air Marshals. These high-ranking officers play critical leadership roles and their
evaluations through the common ACR will contribute to the overall integration and
jointness objectives.
SEBI’s Guidelines on Product Offerings by OBPPs
The Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) has recently introduced guidelines to
regulate product offerings by online bond platform providers (OBPPs). These guidelines
aim to ensure compliance, protect investors’ interests, and streamline the functioning of
the bond market.
Restrictions on Product Offerings
SEBI’s guidelines restrict online bond platform providers from offering products other
than listed debt securities on their platforms. This ensures that investors have access to
transparent and regulated investment options. By focusing on listed debt securities, the
guidelines enhance market integrity and reduce potential risks associated with unlisted
bonds and other unregulated offerings.
Permissible Securities for Offerings
According to the circular, online bond platform providers are allowed to offer a range of
securities on their platforms. These include Government Securities, Treasury Bills, listed
Sovereign Gold Bonds, listed municipal debt securities, and listed securitized debt
instruments. These permissible offerings provide investors with diversified options and
facilitate their participation in the bond market.
Registration Requirement for OBPPs
Under the new rules, online bond platform providers are required to register as
stockbrokers in the debt segment of the stock exchange. This registration ensures that
OBPPs operate within a regulated framework, adhere to established norms, and maintain
the necessary professional standards. By being registered as stockbrokers, OBPPs
demonstrate their commitment to transparency, accountability, and investor protection.
Consequences for Non-Compliance
SEBI’s guidelines make it clear that entities acting as online bond platform providers must
strictly adhere to the permissible product offerings outlined in the rules. Failure to comply
with these guidelines will result in the cessation of offering such products on their
platforms or any other platform website. This underscores the importance of adherence
to regulatory requirements and safeguards the interests of investors.
Protecting Brand Names and Namesake
The guidelines also address the issue of unauthorized usage of an online bond platform
provider’s name, brand name, or any similar name by its holding company, subsidiary, or
associate for unregulated products or services. Such unauthorized usage is prohibited,
ensuring that investors can trust the legitimacy of the offerings associated with the
platform provider.
Indian Languages Programme
In an era of digital transformation, Google has taken significant steps to support and uplift
the Indian news publishing industry through its Indian Languages Programme. With a
focus on fostering local language content and providing essential resources, the program
aims to empower small news publishers across the country.
Objective: Providing Training and Support
At the core of Google’s Indian Languages Programme is the objective to provide training
and support to small Indian news publishers. Recognizing the importance of local
language content in reaching a diverse audience, Google aims to bridge the digital divide
by empowering publishers to effectively leverage the internet. By doing so, the program
facilitates the growth of local language journalism and encourages the development of a
vibrant news ecosystem.
Coverage: Eight Local Languages
The Indian Languages Programme covers a total of eight local languages, apart from
English. These languages include Hindi, Bengali, Telugu, Marathi, Tamil, Gujarati, Kannada,
and Malayalam. By expanding support to these regional languages, Google enables
publishers to create content that resonates with their target audience, fostering
engagement and driving wider adoption of digital news consumption.
Support Mechanisms: Training, Technical Support, and Funding
Google’s Indian Languages Programme offers a comprehensive range of support
mechanisms to news publishers. Training sessions equip publishers with the necessary
skills and knowledge to leverage digital platforms effectively. Technical support assists
publishers in optimizing their websites by assessing parameters such as page speed, core
web vitals performance, and other relevant factors. Additionally, the program provides
financial assistance, offering funding opportunities that can help sustain and expand the
operations of news publishers.
Components: Scaled Inspiration and Google-led Sessions
The GNI Indian Languages Program comprises several activities aimed at empowering
news publishers. Scaled inspiration series and virtual workshops provide publishers with
insights and inspiration from industry experts. Guest speakers share their experiences,
offering valuable perspectives on navigating the digital news landscape. Success stories
showcase exemplary achievements by publishers, serving as benchmarks for others to
strive for. Google-led sessions cover various topics, including core web vitals, equipping
publishers with knowledge and tools to optimize their websites and enhance user
experience.
Nusrat Choudhury
On 15 June, history was made as Nusrat Choudhury became the first female Muslim
federal judge in the United States. This milestone appointment marks a significant step
towards inclusivity and diversity within the judiciary.
Service at the US District Court for the Eastern District of New York
As a federal judge, Nusrat Choudhury will serve at the prestigious US District Court for the
Eastern District of New York. This court’s jurisdiction covers various aspects of federal law
and plays a critical role in upholding justice within the region.
Bangladeshi-American Heritage
Nusrat Choudhury proudly represents her Bangladeshi-American heritage. Her
appointment not only marks a personal accomplishment but also signifies progress in
embracing the contributions of individuals from diverse cultural backgrounds in the
American legal system.
Impressive Career at the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU)
Prior to her appointment as a federal judge, Nusrat Choudhury served as the legal
director at the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU). In this role, she focused on pivotal
areas such as racial justice, criminal justice, policing, and government surveillance of
Muslim communities and national security issues. Choudhury’s work at the ACLU
demonstrates her dedication to upholding civil liberties and fighting for justice.
Recognition and Accolades
Nusrat Choudhury’s commitment to social justice and legal excellence has earned her
prestigious awards. She received the South Asian Bar Association of New York Access to
Justice Award for her outstanding contributions in the legal field. Additionally, she was
honored with the Edward Bullard Distinguished Alumnus Award from Princeton
University’s Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, further
recognizing her accomplishments and impact.
Education
A Strong Foundation Nusrat Choudhury’s academic journey includes notable
achievements. She graduated from renowned institutions such as Columbia University,
Princeton University, and Yale Law School. Her educational background showcases her
intellectual prowess and dedication to legal scholarship.
Japan Redefines Age of Consent
Japan recently made significant changes to its age of consent laws, raising the minimum
age at which one can legally engage in sexual relations. This transformative move aims to
provide stronger legal protections, particularly for minors, in matters related to sexual
relationships and crimes.
Raising the Age of Consent: Safeguarding Vulnerable Individuals
The age of consent in Japan has been increased from 13 years old to 16 years old. This
crucial revision reflects Japan’s commitment to ensuring the well-being and protection of
young individuals involved in sexual relationships. By raising the age of consent, the
government seeks to establish clearer boundaries and enhance legal safeguards.
Comprehensive Reforms: Addressing Key Concerns
Alongside the modification of the age of consent, Japan’s new bill encompasses additional
measures to strengthen legal frameworks and address critical issues. Notably, the
legislation clarifies the requirements for prosecuting rape cases and criminalizes
voyeurism. These provisions play a vital role in safeguarding victims and promoting
accountability for sexual offenses.
Historical Context: Japan’s Age of Consent Evolution
Japan’s previous age of consent was established in 1907 and remained unchanged for
over a century. The recent reforms signify a progressive step towards aligning consent
laws with contemporary societal values and global standards. While regional ordinances
had previously implemented higher ages of consent, the national law now provides a
consistent framework.
Expanding the Definition of Rape: Non-Consensual Sexual Intercourse
One of the significant advancements in Japan’s new law is the broadened definition of
rape. It now recognizes “non-consensual sexual intercourse” as the basis for defining
rape, moving away from the previous terminology of “forcible sexual intercourse.” This
shift acknowledges the importance of consent and places emphasis on mutual agreement
in sexual relationships.
Exemptions for Teenage Couples and New Offense
In accordance with the updated law, if both individuals in a teenage relationship are above
the age of 13 and have a maximum age difference of five years, they will be granted
immunity from legal proceedings. This provision aims to provide legal clarity and
protections for consensual relationships between close-aged teenagers. Additionally, the
law introduces the “visitation request offense” to target individuals who coerce children
under 16 into sexual encounters through intimidation, seduction, or monetary means.
Global Perspectives: Varied Consent Laws
Japan’s new age of consent aligns with international standards in several countries.
However, it is essential to recognize that consent laws vary globally. Nigeria has the lowest
age of consent at 11 years old, but regional laws often set higher limits. Meanwhile,
countries like China, Paraguay, Peru, and Portugal have set the age of consent at 14 years
old.
Japan's LGBT Understanding Bill
Japan’s recent passing of a bill to promote understanding of the LGBT community has
stirred both hope and criticism. As the only G7 country lacking legal protection for same-
sex unions, Japan’s legislation has faced scrutiny for its perceived shortcomings.
Japan’s Commitment and Delayed Progress
The bill to promote understanding of the LGBT community was initially pledged to be
passed before Japan hosted the G7 leaders’ summit from May 19 to 21. However, delays in
the legislative process resulted in the bill being submitted for consideration on the eve of
the summit. This highlights the significance placed on the issue and the ongoing debate
surrounding the bill’s content.
Revised Wording and Controversy
One notable change in the bill’s initial draft was the modification of the language
regarding discrimination. The original draft stated that discrimination based on sexual
orientation and gender identity should “not be tolerated.” However, it was later revised to
state that “there should be no unfair discrimination.” Critics argue that this revised
wording allows for potential loopholes and may inadvertently permit acts of bigotry.
International Influence and Economic Concerns
Japan has faced pressure from countries like the United States to embrace same-sex
marriage. Economic leaders argue that diversity, including representation for the LGBTQ
community, is vital for Japan to maintain its international competitiveness. This
recognition highlights the potential economic and social benefits that embracing
inclusivity can bring.
Public Support and Partnership Agreements
Opinion polls indicate that approximately 70% of the Japanese population approves of
same-sex marriage. While Japan still lacks legal recognition for same-sex unions, same-sex
partnership agreements are gaining ground, although they fall short of the
comprehensive rights granted by marriage.
June 19, 2023
Gita Press Receives Gandhi Peace Prize for 2021
The Ministry of Culture recently announced that the Gandhi Peace Prize for 2021 will be
conferred upon Gita Press, Gorakhpur. This prestigious award recognizes Gita Press’
exceptional contribution to social, economic, and political transformation through non-
violent and other Gandhian methods. Instituted by the government in 1995 as a tribute to
Mahatma Gandhi’s ideals, the Gandhi Peace Prize has been bestowed upon various
individuals and organizations for their outstanding efforts.
Gita Press: A Beacon of Change
Gita Press, established in 1923, has emerged as one of the world’s largest publishers,
promoting Gandhian principles and disseminating knowledge through literature. With a
remarkable publication record of 417 million books in 14 languages, including 162 million
copies of the sacred Shrimad Bhagavad Gita, Gita Press has touched the lives of countless
individuals.
Gandhi Peace Prize: A Celebration of Noble Contributions
The Gandhi Peace Prize, carrying a cash prize of ₹1 crore, a citation, a plaque, and an
exquisite traditional handicraft/handloom item, aims to honor individuals and
organizations for their remarkable efforts in furthering the ideals cherished by Mahatma
Gandhi.
Recognition of Gita Press’ Transformational Work
Gita Press has made outstanding contributions to social, economic, and political
transformation by employing non-violent and Gandhian methods. Their relentless efforts
in promoting peace, harmony, and the upliftment of society have earned them the well-
deserved Gandhi Peace Prize for 2021.
Inclusive Award for All
One of the notable aspects of the Gandhi Peace Prize is its inclusivity. Regardless of
nationality, race, language, caste, creed, or gender, the award remains open to all
individuals who embody the spirit of Mahatma Gandhi and his principles.
The Jury
The jury responsible for selecting the recipient of the Gandhi Peace Prize is led by Prime
Minister Narendra Modi. After due deliberations, the jury unanimously decided to bestow
the 2021 award upon Gita Press, recognizing its significant impact on society and
commitment to Gandhian ideals.
Continuing the Legacy
Gita Press joins the prestigious list of past awardees, including esteemed organizations
like ISRO and Ramakrishna Mission. This recognition reinforces Gita Press’ dedication to
their mission and serves as an inspiration for others to follow in their footsteps.
“Intersolar Europe 2023” Exhibition
Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency (IREDA) recently took part in the
prestigious Intersolar Europe 2023 exhibition held in Munich, Germany. As an enterprise
operating under the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, IREDA showcased its
commitment to renewable energy financing, sustainability, and fostering partnerships.
IREDA’s Presence at Intersolar Europe 2023
IREDA’s active participation at Intersolar Europe 2023 reflects its dedication to renewable
energy development. Held in Munich, Germany, this globally acclaimed exhibition
provides a platform for industry leaders, manufacturers, suppliers, and service providers
to exchange ideas and explore advancements in the solar industry.
Prominent Collaborations
During the exhibition, IREDA seized the opportunity to hold discussions and meetings with
key stakeholders. Notably, a meeting was held with KfW Development Bank to review the
progress of the current line of credit and discuss potential future collaborations.
Additionally, IREDA explored collaborative opportunities and partnerships with Commerz
Bank, a renowned German financial institution, to further advance their shared objectives
in renewable energy.
Intersolar Europe and The smarter E Europe
Intersolar Europe is an integral part of The smarter E Europe, the continent’s largest
platform for the energy industry. With more than 1,450 exhibitors and a vast exhibition
space of 132,000m2, The smarter E Europe encompasses four exhibitions, parallel
conferences, and an extensive accompanying program. Intersolar Europe specifically
concentrates on photovoltaics, solar thermal technologies, solar plants, and grid
infrastructure for the integration of renewable energy.
Who is Daniel Ellsberg?
The release of the classified “Pentagon Papers” in 1971 had far-reaching consequences,
and one man played a pivotal role in exposing the doubts and deceptions surrounding the
Vietnam War. Daniel Ellsberg, who recently passed away from pancreatic cancer, became
a symbol of whistleblowing, press freedom, and government accountability.
Daniel Ellsberg: A Whistleblower and Anti-War Activist
Daniel Ellsberg, a former US military analyst, leaked the Pentagon Papers in 1971. By
disclosing classified documents, he exposed the truth about the Vietnam War, revealing
that successive US governments had lied about the extent of the US involvement and the
unlikelihood of winning the battle. Ellsberg’s actions demonstrated his commitment to
truth-telling and opposition to the war, making him a prominent figure in the anti-war
movement.
The New York Times and the Publication of the Pentagon Papers
Daniel Ellsberg approached The New York Times to leak the Pentagon Papers. Initially,
Ellsberg hoped to work within the system by giving partial copies to Senator J. William
Fulbright and other members of Congress. However, when no significant change
occurred, he turned to Neil Sheehan, a veteran reporter at The New York Times. After
some initial reluctance, Ellsberg allowed Sheehan access to the documents.
New York Times Co. v. United States
The publication of the Pentagon Papers by The New York Times led to a legal battle that
reached the Supreme Court. In the landmark case known as New York Times Co. v. United
States, the Court ruled in favor of press freedom. It declared that unless a national
emergency was present, the press should not be subject to pre-publication censorship.
This decision set an important precedent for the protection of the First Amendment rights
of the press.
Government Misconduct and the Watergate Connection
During Daniel Ellsberg’s trial, evidence of government misconduct emerged. It was
discovered that members of the White House’s “plumber” unit, G. Gordon Liddy and E.
Howard Hunt, had broken into Ellsberg’s former psychiatrist’s office in an attempt to find
incriminating information. Additionally, illegal wiretapping and attempted bribery of the
judge were revealed. This government misconduct further undermined the case against
Ellsberg and his colleague.
Watergate and Richard Nixon’s Resignation
The Watergate scandal, which ultimately led to the resignation of President Richard Nixon,
had connections to Daniel Ellsberg. The individuals involved in the break-in at Ellsberg’s
former psychiatrist’s office, G. Gordon Liddy and E. Howard Hunt, were also implicated in
the Watergate burglary. The revelations during Ellsberg’s trial shed light on the lengths to
which the Nixon administration went to undermine their opponents.
Evolution of Pride Flag
The Pride flag has become an iconic symbol of the LGBTQIA+ community, representing
diversity, equality, and inclusivity. Over the years, the flag has evolved to incorporate new
elements and colors, each carrying significant meaning.
The Original Rainbow Pride Flag
The rainbow Pride Flag, designed by Gilbert Baker, made its debut in 1978 during the San
Francisco Gay Freedom Parade. Baker saw the flag as a powerful symbol of hope and
unity, representing the LGBTQIA+ community’s struggle for acceptance and equality. The
flag originally consisted of six colors, each with its own symbolism.
Adding Black and Brown Stripes
In 2017, social justice advocate Amber Hikes introduced a significant update to the Pride
flag. She added black and brown stripes to represent people of color within the LGBTQIA+
community. This addition aimed to acknowledge and uplift the experiences and
intersectionality of individuals from diverse racial backgrounds.
Incorporating Transgender Colors
Graphic designer Daniel Quasar made another important addition to the Pride flag in
2018. Quasar included the colors of the transgender flag, which are light blue, light pink,
and white, within a chevron shape. This inclusion aimed to recognize and celebrate the
transgender community, highlighting their unique experiences and identities.
The Intersex-Inclusive Progress Pride Flag
Valentino Vecchietti, an intersex equality rights activist, created the Intersex-Inclusive
Progress Pride Flag in 2021. This new version incorporated the intersex flag, featuring a
yellow circle over a purple triangle within the chevron part of the flag. By including
intersex representation, this design aimed to raise awareness about intersex individuals
and their unique identities within the LGBTQIA+ community.
Symbolism of the Pride Flag Colors
The colors of the Pride flag hold profound symbolism, representing various aspects of the
LGBTQIA+ community’s journey and spirit:
Red signifies Life, embodying the vitality and resilience of the community.
Orange represents Healing, symbolizing the ongoing process of personal growth
and acceptance.
Yellow signifies New Ideas, celebrating innovation, progress, and self-expression.
Green represents Prosperity, symbolizing the community’s pursuit of abundance and
well-being.
Blue represents Serenity, embodying harmony, peace, and trust within oneself and
society.
Violet signifies Spirit, representing the diverse spiritual and non-religious identities
within the community.
A Celebration of Inclusivity
The Pride flag, with its vibrant colors and evolving design, stands as a powerful symbol of
inclusivity, acceptance, and celebration. It reflects the ongoing fight for equality and the
recognition of the diverse identities within the LGBTQIA+ community.
Miyawaki Forests
In an effort to combat climate change, curb pollution levels, and increase the green cover
of Mumbai, the Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation (BMC) has embraced the Miyawaki
plantation method. This Japanese technique involves creating dense urban forests within
small land parcels using indigenous plant species. The success of this method can be seen
in the transformation of barren lands into thriving mini forests.
Densifying Green Cover
The Miyawaki method aims to densify green cover within limited spaces. Raafi Ramnath, a
Kerala-based teacher, used this technique to create Vidyavanam, a mini forest comprising
115 varieties of trees. By planting two to four types of indigenous trees per square meter,
these forests become self-sustaining and reach their full length within three years. The
use of indigenous plants ensures their adaptability to the local environment.
Role of Dense Green Cover
The dense green cover of indigenous trees serves multiple purposes. Firstly, it helps
absorb dust particles, contributing to cleaner air and a healthier environment.
Additionally, these trees play a crucial role in regulating surface temperature, helping
combat the urban heat island effect. Common indigenous plants used include Anjan,
Amala, Bel, Arjun, and Gunj.
Progress in Mumbai
The BMC has made significant strides in creating Miyawaki forests across Mumbai. To
date, 64 forests have been planted, with more than 400,000 trees flourishing in these
green havens. The first Miyawaki forest was established in Bhakti Park, Chembur, and has
inspired subsequent projects throughout the city. These forests have not only restored the
green cover but have also helped create new biodiversity and enhance soil fertility.
Future Plans
The BMC has ambitious plans to further expand the urban forest network. In the coming
year, they aim to establish 14 additional Miyawaki forests, planting around 80,400 trees of
various indigenous species. This initiative aligns with the target of planting 100,000
saplings set by Chief Minister Eknath Shinde. Planned locations include an open plot near
BEST Colony, Swami Vivekanand Udyan in Chandivali, and Mahakali caves road in
Jogeshwari, which is expected to be the largest forest in the project.
Kamala Sohonie
On June 18, the 112th birth anniversary of Kamala Sohonie was celebrated, recognizing
her groundbreaking contributions as the first Indian woman in a scientific discipline.
Sohonie’s journey was marked by determination and resilience as she overcame gender
biases to make significant strides in the field of science.
Early Life and Education
Kamala Sohonie, who was born in Indore, Madhya Pradesh, in 1911, came from a lineage
of chemists. Following in her father and uncle’s footsteps, who were chemists themselves,
Sohonie pursued her education in chemistry and physics. Graduating from Bombay
University in 1933, she excelled in her studies, topping the merit list.
The Encounter with CV Raman
Driven by her aspirations, Sohonie sought admission to the Indian Institute of Science
(IISc) in Bengaluru, under the leadership of CV Raman. However, Raman dismissed her
application, expressing his reluctance to admit women into the institute. Undeterred by
this setback, Sohonie confronted Raman directly, challenging his bias and vowing to prove
herself.
Overcoming Obstacles
Although Raman eventually allowed Sohonie to join, he imposed several conditions on
her, including being a non-regular student and prolonged probation. Despite these
challenges, Sohonie completed her course with distinction, leading Raman to change his
opinion about admitting women to the institute.
PhD and Research Focus
Sohonie’s academic journey continued at Cambridge University in England, where she
earned her PhD in just 14 months. Her scientific investigation centered around potatoes
and resulted in the identification of the enzyme ‘Cytochrome C,’ which plays a crucial role
in the process of cellular respiration.
Promoting Neera for Health
Returning to India in 1939, Sohonie made significant contributions to public health. She
conducted studies on neera, a palm extract, on the suggestion of Dr. Rajendra Prasad, the
first Indian President. Her research highlighted neera’s nutritional benefits, including
being a rich source of Vitamin C. Sohonie worked tirelessly to popularize this drink,
especially among malnourished tribal children and pregnant women, improving their
overall health.
Contributions to the Aarey Milk Project
Sohonie’s expertise extended beyond her academic pursuits. She collaborated with the
administration of the Aarey Milk project to enhance the quality of milk produced. Her
involvement aimed to improve the nutritional value and overall standards of the project.
Founding Member of Consumer Guidance Society
Apart from her scientific accomplishments, Sohonie was also among the founding
members of the Consumer Guidance Society. This organization played a vital role in
protecting consumer rights and ensuring fair practices in the market.
Cross-services Postings of Indian Armed Forces
The Indian Armed Forces are embarking on a significant endeavor to enhance jointness
and integration among the three services. This initiative includes cross-services postings
of senior officers and the implementation of common annual confidential reports. These
steps are aligned with the goal of creating theatre commands and achieving synergy in
military operations.
Cross-Services Postings: Tri-Service Integration and Theatre Commands
The focus of the Indian Armed Forces’ cross-services postings is twofold: facilitating tri-
service integration and supporting the planned creation of theatre commands. These
postings involve senior officers in the ranks of Brigadier and Major General, aiming to
break the barriers of service-specific assignments.
Preceding Inter-Service Postings
Prior to the cross-services postings of senior officers, the Indian Armed Forces announced
inter-service postings of Major and Lieutenant Colonel ranks. This move marked a
significant departure from the traditional practice of limited inter-service transfers within
the services.
Roles and Objectives
The officers involved in the cross-services postings will undertake diverse roles in the two
other services, including handling unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), logistics
management, repair and recovery operations, and material and supplies management.
The objective is to promote jointness, integration, and expertise exchange across the
services.
Magnitude of Postings
Approximately 25 one- and two-star officers, holding the ranks of Brigadier and Major
General, are expected to participate in the inter-service postings within the next few
months. This initiative reflects a significant step toward fostering collaboration and
creating a unified command structure.
Importance of Common Annual Confidential Reports
Alongside cross-services postings, the implementation of common annual confidential
reports for senior officers is vital. This standardization of the appraisal system aims to
achieve parity and fairness, ensuring that promotions and higher command appointments
are based on merit and performance rather than service-specific biases.
Enhancing Jointness and Integration
By instituting cross-staffing and implementing common annual confidential reports, the
Indian military seeks to enhance jointness and integration within the three services. These
measures address issues such as inter-service batch parity and provide a standardized
evaluation framework, promoting equal opportunities for senior officers across all
branches.
Path Towards Integrated Theatre Commands
The decisions regarding cross-services postings and common annual confidential reports
represent crucial steps towards establishing integrated theatre commands. These
commands would combine the resources and capabilities of the Army, Navy, and Air
Force, fostering seamless coordination and maximizing operational effectiveness.
National Conference on 'Foundational Literacy and Numeracy'
The city of Pune recently hosted a two-day national conference on foundational literacy
and numeracy, which served as a pre-cursor event to the highly anticipated G-20 4th
Education Working Group Meeting. The conference aimed to bring together
representatives from various states and union territories (UTs), along with experts from
diverse fields, to delve into the crucial topic of capacity building and training of teachers in
blended mode.
The Significance of the Conference
The national conference held in Pune set the stage for discussions and deliberations
on foundational literacy and numeracy, laying the groundwork for educational
advancements.
By focusing on capacity building and training of teachers in blended mode, the
conference aimed to equip educators with the necessary tools and techniques to
enhance students’ foundational skills in literacy and numeracy.
The G-20 4th Education Working Group Meeting
The national conference served as a pre-cursor event to the G-20 4th Education
Working Group Meeting, a significant gathering that will witness the participation of
85 delegates from G-20 member countries.
This meeting will be a platform for policymakers, education experts, and
representatives from prominent organizations such as OECD, UNESCO, and UNICEF
to exchange ideas and collaborate on advancing education globally.
EU to Strengthen Action Against Antimicrobial Resistance
The Council of the European Union recently adopted recommendations to combat
antimicrobial resistance (AMR), a pressing global health issue. These recommendations,
aimed at reducing the risk of microorganisms developing resistance to medical
interventions, were part of a proposal submitted by the European Commission to the
European Council. The proposal emphasizes the importance of a One Health approach
that recognizes the interconnectedness of human health, animal health, and the
environment.
The Importance of Addressing Antimicrobial Resistance
Antimicrobial resistance refers to the ability of bacteria and other microbes to withstand
the drugs designed to inhibit or kill them. In the EU/European Economic Area, over 35,000
people die each year due to infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria. This
alarming statistic underscores the urgency of taking action.
Proposed Actions to Combat AMR
The recommendations put forth several crucial actions to tackle AMR comprehensively.
These actions include strengthening national action plans, reinforcing surveillance and
monitoring systems, promoting infection prevention and control, setting targets for
antimicrobial consumption, enhancing awareness and education, fostering research and
development, increasing cooperation, and enhancing global actions.
Targets for EU Member States by 2030
The proposal outlines specific targets for EU member states to achieve by 2030. These
targets encompass closing surveillance and monitoring gaps, reducing total antibiotic
consumption by 20% compared to 2019 levels, decreasing incidents of resistant infections,
and reducing overall EU sales of antimicrobials used in farmed animals and aquaculture.
The Farm-to-Fork Strategy
The EU’s farm-to-fork strategy plays a significant role in combating AMR. It aims to
transform food systems by reducing the environmental and climate impact of primary
production while ensuring fair economic returns for farmers. By addressing antimicrobial
use in animal farming and aquaculture, the strategy contributes to the reduction of AMR.
Zero Pollution Vision for 2050
The zero pollution vision for 2050 sets a goal to reduce air, water, and soil pollution to
levels no longer harmful to health and the natural ecosystem. This vision aligns with
efforts to combat AMR, as pollution can contribute to the spread of antibiotic-resistant
bacteria and their resistance genes.
Recommendations for Infection Prevention and Control
To prevent the further spread of AMR, the proposal emphasizes the importance of fully
developing and implementing national immunization programs. Vaccination plays a
crucial role in preventing vaccine-preventable diseases and reducing the need for
antimicrobial interventions.
Groundwater Extraction Tilts the Earth
The Earth’s axis, the point along which the planet rotates, has experienced a significant tilt
of nearly 80 cm to the east. This tilt has been attributed to the pumping and movement of
groundwater, as revealed by a recent study. Additionally, the study highlights the
substantial volume of groundwater pumped and drained into the oceans, contributing to
global sea-level rise.
Understanding the Earth’s Axis Tilt
The Earth’s axis exhibits a wobbling motion influenced by various factors such as
weather, seasonal changes, the molten core, and powerful hurricanes.
Previous studies had already established that the movement of water plays a role in
the wobble.
However, it was not until the study conducted by scientists at the Seoul National
University that the significance of groundwater in this phenomenon was recognized.
Linking Groundwater Pumping and Axis Tilt
Using a climate model, the researchers associated the shift in the Earth’s axis with
the movement of water, including melting ice caps and glaciers.
The model initially failed to match the observed drift of the axis until groundwater
was incorporated into the equation.
This discovery unveils groundwater pumping as a previously unconsidered factor in
the Earth’s axis tilt.
Impact on Sea-Level Rise
Notably, the study revealed that approximately 2,150 billion tonnes of groundwater
were pumped and drained into the oceans between 1993 and 2010.
This substantial volume contributed significantly to global sea-level rise, amounting
to 6.24 mm during the specified period.
Groundwater pumping emerged as an unexpected source of sea-level rise, raising
concerns among scientists and experts.
Concerns and Regional Implications
The location of groundwater depletion plays a crucial role in the extent of axis drift.
The study found that mid-latitude areas, particularly northwest India and western
North America, experienced significant groundwater redistribution and depletion.
In India, groundwater depletion is a particular concern in North India, including
Punjab, Haryana, Delhi, western Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, as well as parts of
Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, and Andhra Pradesh.
The indiscriminate use of groundwater for irrigation purposes in these regions has
resulted in critical groundwater levels and poses a threat to sustainable water
resources.
Food Outlook Report
The United Nations’ Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) recently released the latest
Food Outlook Report, revealing significant trends and concerns regarding food imports.
The report emphasizes the projected decline in food imports by vulnerable countries,
while also highlighting the impact on purchasing capacity and the overall global food
import bill.
Decline in Food Imports by Vulnerable Countries
According to the FAO report, vulnerable countries are expected to experience a decline in
food imports this year. The projected decline in the food import bill for the least
developed countries stands at 1.5%. Additionally, net food-importing developing countries
may witness a more significant decline of 4.9% in food import volumes. This decline raises
concerns about the purchasing capacity of these countries, potentially leading to food
security challenges.
Slower Growth Rate and Rising Food Import Bill
While vulnerable countries face a decline in food imports, the global food import bill is still
forecasted to reach a record high in 2023. The FAO estimates that the global food import
bill will amount to $1.98 trillion, representing a 1.5% increase compared to 2022. However,
this growth rate is significantly slower than the substantial increases observed in previous
years, such as 11% in 2022 and 18% in 2021.
Impact of High Quotations on Demand
The FAO report highlights the impact of higher quotations for certain food items on global
demand. Fruits, vegetables, sugar, and dairy products have experienced increased
quotations, dampening demand, particularly in economically vulnerable countries. The
higher costs of these essential food items contribute to cost-of-living pressures,
potentially leading to ongoing challenges in 2023.
Changes in Rice and Wheat Production
The report also sheds light on anticipated changes in rice and wheat production. Rice
production is expected to rise by 1.3% in the upcoming year, reaching 523.5 million
tonnes. However, international trade in rice is predicted to decrease by 4.3% in volume
terms, totaling 53.6 million tonnes. On the other hand, wheat production is anticipated to
decline by 3% compared to its all-time high in 2022. The expected decrease is attributed to
lower planted areas in the Russian Federation and Australia, influenced by extreme
weather events.
US-China Science and Technology Agreement (STA)
The United States and China have maintained a landmark agreement, the U.S.-China
Science and Technology Agreement (STA), for over four decades. However, the
agreement’s future is now the subject of a heated debate within the U.S. government.
The Long-Standing Agreement
For more than 40 years, the STA has facilitated cooperation between the United States and
China in various scientific and technical fields. This collaboration has encompassed
disciplines such as atmospheric and agricultural science, physics, and chemistry. The
agreement has been regarded as a stabilizing force, fostering academic and commercial
exchanges between the two nations.
Concerns Prompting the Debate
Renewing the STA has raised concerns due to Beijing’s alleged theft of U.S. scientific and
commercial achievements. Skeptics question whether continuing the agreement would
inadvertently enable unfair practices and jeopardize American research and intellectual
property.
Competing Views
Within the U.S. government, there are differing opinions regarding the future of the STA.
Some policymakers advocate for renewing the pact, emphasizing the value of sustained
academic and commercial cooperation with China. They argue that the benefits of
engagement outweigh the potential risks. On the other hand, there are those who
suggest letting the agreement expire or renegotiating it with stronger safeguards against
industrial espionage. They raise concerns about transparency and reciprocity in China’s
policies.
The U.S. Administration’s Stance
The current U.S. administration, led by President Joe Biden, has sharpened its focus on
technological competition with China. It emphasizes that the U.S. will not cede the high
ground in this arena. This stance reflects the administration’s recognition of technology as
a key aspect of global competition, similar to how nuclear missiles defined the Cold War
era.
Concerns about Renewed Cooperation
Renewing the STA raises questions about the transparency of China’s scientific and
technological advancements, as well as its restrictive policies on data export and foreign
access to academic databases. Critics argue that renewed cooperation may not offer
sufficient reciprocity and fail to address these concerns effectively.
June 20, 2023
Ex Khaan Quest 2023
The multinational peacekeeping joint exercise, Ex Khaan Quest 2023, has commenced in
Mongolia, marking an important event in the realm of international military cooperation.
This 14-day exercise aims to enhance interoperability, share experiences, and train
uniformed personnel for United Nations Peacekeeping Operations (UNPKO). It serves as a
platform for military contingents and observers from more than 20 countries to come
together and engage in cooperative training.
Inauguration and Co-sponsors
The President of Mongolia, Mr. Ukhnaagiin Khurelsukh, inaugurated Ex Khaan Quest 2023.
The exercise is co-sponsored by the Mongolian Armed Forces (MAF) and the United States
Army Pacific Command (USARPAC). This joint effort reflects the commitment of these
organizations to fostering international cooperation in peacekeeping initiatives.
Indian Army Contingent
Representing the Indian Army in Ex Khaan Quest 2023 is a contingent from the GARHWAL
RIFLES. The Indian Army’s participation demonstrates its dedication to global
peacekeeping efforts and its willingness to collaborate with other nations for shared
objectives.
Objectives and Activities
The primary objective of the 14-day exercise is to enhance interoperability among
participating nations, facilitate the sharing of experiences, and train uniformed personnel
for future UN Peacekeeping missions. Ex Khaan Quest 2023 includes various activities such
as Command Post Exercises (CPX), Field Training Exercises (FTX), combat discussions,
lectures, and demonstrations. These activities contribute to the development of peace
operations capabilities and the enhancement of military readiness.
Enhancing Defence Cooperation and Bilateral Relations
Through its participation in Ex Khaan Quest 2023, the Indian Army aims to enhance
defence cooperation with participating countries, particularly the Mongolian Armed
Forces. This exercise provides a valuable opportunity for building stronger bilateral
relations between India and Mongolia, fostering trust and collaboration in the realm of
defense.
20th Foundation Day of NIXI
The National Internet Exchange of India (NIXI) recently celebrated its 20th Foundation
Day, marking a significant milestone in its journey of building India’s internet
infrastructure. As a not-for-profit (Section 8) company operating under the Ministry of
Electronics and IT (MeitY), NIXI has played a pivotal role in creating a robust and inclusive
digital ecosystem in the country. With four business divisions, NIXI has made remarkable
contributions to Internet Exchange, .IN Registry, IRINN, and NIXI-CSC Data Services Ltd.
Establishment and Anniversary
NIXI was established on June 19, 2003. It recently celebrated its 20th Foundation Day,
recognizing two decades of dedicated service in the field of internet infrastructure
development in India. This significant anniversary showcases NIXI’s enduring
commitment to its mission.
Foundation Day Lecture on Digital Transformation
The recently held NIXI Foundation Day Lecture focused on the thought-provoking topic,
‘Digital Transformation: Need for India and the Globe.’ This lecture highlighted the
importance of embracing digital transformation to empower both India and the global
community.
Association with MeitY
NIXI operates under the aegis of the Ministry of Electronics and IT (MeitY). This association
reflects the government’s recognition of the crucial role played by NIXI in increasing
internet penetration and adoption in India.
Services Under NIXI
NIXI encompasses four important services to fulfill its mission. These services include
Internet Exchange, which focuses on building Internet Exchange Points, the .IN Registry,
which aims to develop the .in domain digital identity, IRINN, which promotes the adoption
of IPv4 and IPv6 addresses, and NIXI-CSC Data Services Ltd., which provides data storage
services.
Organizational Structure
NIXI operates as a not-for-profit (Section 8) company, emphasizing its commitment to
public service and societal welfare. This structure enables NIXI to effectively manage and
utilize the internet ecosystem for the benefit of netizens.
Mission of Empowering Netizens
NIXI’s overarching mission is to empower netizens by increasing internet penetration,
adoption, and inclusivity. By facilitating infrastructure aspects and promoting the internet
ecosystem, NIXI strives to provide access and opportunities to individuals across the
nation.
DAKSHTA For Young Professionals
The central government of India has recently introduced a new curated collection of
courses called “Dakshta” on the iGOT Karmayogi Platform. The iGOT Karmayogi platform
serves as a comprehensive portal aimed at capacity-building for government officials.
With the inclusion of the Dakshta collection, consisting of 18 courses, the platform aims to
equip learners with essential skills and knowledge required for effectively discharging
their duties.
Dakshta: Enhancing Skills and Knowledge
The newly introduced collection of courses, named Dakshta, is designed to focus on
various areas crucial to government officials. It encompasses subjects such as data-driven
decision making, code of conduct, office procedures, effective communication, public
policy research, stress management, and more. By addressing these key areas, Dakshta
aims to enhance the expertise of government officials and improve their overall
performance.
Phased Induction Training
The National Institution for Transforming India (NITI Aayog) is currently providing phased
induction training to 40 young professionals and consultants. These individuals have
access to the curated collection of courses available on the iGOT Karmayogi Platform. This
training serves as a valuable opportunity for participants to acquire essential skills and
knowledge in alignment with the government’s capacity-building objectives.
Contributions from Esteemed Institutions
The Dakshta collection of courses includes contributions from prestigious institutions and
organizations. For instance, the Wadhwani Foundation, MoEFCC (Ministry of Environment,
Forest and Climate Change), MDNIY (Morarji Desai National Institute of Yoga), IIM-B
(Indian Institute of Management Bangalore), Microsoft, and others provide their expertise
and courses to enhance the learning experience.
Mission Karmayogi: Empowering Civil Services
Mission Karmayogi, a government program focused on civil services capacity building,
plays a crucial role in nurturing a smart, citizen-friendly, and future-ready public
workforce. As a part of this mission, the Department of Personnel and Training (DoPT) has
established Karmayogi Bharat, a government-owned, not-for-profit special purpose
vehicle. Karmayogi Bharat takes the responsibility of managing, maintaining, and
improving the iGOT Karmayogi platform, which aligns with the program’s core objectives.
Study Reveals Concerning Microplastic Inhalation by Humans
A recent study published in the journal Physics of Fluids has shed light on the alarming
issue of microplastic inhalation by humans. The study utilized a computer model to
analyze the transport and deposition of microplastics in the upper airway. It estimated
that individuals may be inhaling as much as 16.2 bits of microplastics every hour, which is
equivalent to a credit card’s worth. This study raises concerns about the potential health
impacts of microplastic exposure, considering their detection in human blood, breast milk,
drinking water, and food.
Analyzing Microplastic Deposition
Using a computer model, scientists focused on understanding the transport and
deposition of microplastics in the upper airway. They discovered that microplastics with a
size of 5.56 microns tended to get stuck in the upper airways, nasal cavity, or the back of
the throat. However, the deposition of microplastics was not solely influenced by size. The
shape of the particles also played a significant role in their deposition.
Factors Influencing Deposition
The study revealed that various factors influenced the overall deposition of microplastics.
Breathing conditions, particle size, flow speed, particle inertia, and the asymmetric
anatomy of the airway all played a role in determining where microplastics were
deposited. Increased airflow rate resulted in less deposition, while larger microplastics
tended to be deposited in the airways more frequently than smaller counterparts (1.6 and
2.56 microns).
Addressing Health Hazards
The study was conducted to address the growing concern regarding serious respiratory
health hazards associated with microplastic presence in human airways. Scientists have
become increasingly alarmed by the detection of microplastics in diverse biological
samples. The density of microplastics in the air is also increasing significantly due to
global microplastic production.
Importance of Awareness and Risk Assessment
The study emphasizes the need for greater awareness regarding the presence of
microplastics, their potential health impacts, and the importance of health risk
assessment. The findings serve as a wake-up call to take proactive measures in
understanding and mitigating the risks associated with microplastic inhalation.
Report Reveals Europe's Heatwave and Climate Change Impacts
A comprehensive report by the World Meteorological Organization and the European
Union’s Copernicus Climate Change Service has highlighted the concerning effects of
climate change on Europe. The continent experienced an alarming temperature increase
of 2.3 degrees Celsius last year compared to pre-industrial times.
Warming Trend in Europe
Europe has been warming at twice the global average since the 1980s, with several
countries, including France, Germany, Italy, Portugal, Spain, and the United Kingdom,
experiencing their warmest year on record. The average global temperature has risen by
nearly 1.2 degrees Celsius since the mid-1800s, resulting in extreme weather events and
intensified climate hazards.
Consequences of Severe Heat
The severe heat in Europe has led to widespread drought conditions, violent wildfires, and
an increased number of heat-associated excess deaths. The report highlights the
significant impact on vulnerable populations and the world’s poorest countries, which
suffer the most from climate change despite having minimal contributions to greenhouse
gas emissions.
Impacts on Glaciers and Oceans
The report reveals alarming consequences on glaciers and oceans. Glaciers in the Alps
experienced record mass loss due to low winter snow levels, hot summers, and deposits
of wind-blown Saharan dust. In the North Atlantic, average sea surface temperatures
reached the highest on record, with the eastern Mediterranean Sea, Baltic and Black Seas,
and the southern Arctic warming at rates three times higher than the global average.
Marine heatwaves and the decline of glaciers in Europe signify the ecological disruptions
caused by climate change.
Renewable Energy Milestone
Despite the challenges posed by climate change, the report highlights a positive
development in the European Union. In 2022, wind and solar power generated 22.3
percent of the EU’s electricity, surpassing fossil gas for the first time. The increase in
installed solar power and the rise in sunlight have contributed to this milestone. The shift
towards renewable energy sources showcases the potential for a sustainable and cleaner
future.
Biodiversity Beyond National Jurisdiction Treaty
A significant milestone was achieved as the United Nations adopted the Biodiversity
Beyond National Jurisdiction Treaty (BBNJ), popularly known as the High Seas Treaty. This
groundbreaking international agreement aims to regulate activities and protect the
environment in the vast areas of the high seas.
Treaty Overview
The Biodiversity Beyond National Jurisdiction Treaty, approved by all 193 member states of
the United Nations, seeks to address the lack of international law governing the high seas.
Prior to the treaty, merely 1% of the high seas had been protected. The treaty establishes
comprehensive rules to prevent disputes over natural resources, shipping, and
environmental concerns beyond any nation’s jurisdiction.
Marine Protected Areas and Environmental Assessment
One of the crucial provisions of the High Seas Treaty is the establishment of a framework
for Marine Protected Areas (MPAs). These areas aim to counter biodiversity loss and
ecosystem degradation caused by climate change, pollution, overfishing, and other
human activities. The treaty also mandates signatory countries to conduct thorough
environmental assessments of proposed activities on the high seas, such as deep-sea
mining, to evaluate their potential impacts.
The Path to Implementation
To come into effect, the treaty must be ratified individually by at least 60 U.N. member
nations, including the approval of the U.S. Senate. The hope is to gather the required
ratifications by the next U.N. Ocean Conference in 2025. However, Russia has expressed its
disagreement with the treaty’s current form, calling it “unacceptable.” This underscores
the need for continued dialogue and negotiation among nations to secure widespread
support.
IGAD Regional Focus of the Global Report on Food Crises (GRFC) 2023
The African continent is currently facing an escalating hunger crisis, with projections
indicating that up to 30 million people across multiple countries will require humanitarian
food assistance this year. The Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD),
consisting of eight member states, recently released the IGAD Regional Focus of the
Global Report on Food Crises (GRFC) 2023, shedding light on the severity of the situation.
Projected Humanitarian Food Assistance
According to the report, an alarming number of individuals in African countries are
estimated to require urgent food assistance. Up to 30 million people are expected to face
acute food insecurity, emphasizing the pressing need for intervention and support.
Role of Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD)
The IGAD, comprising Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, South Sudan, Sudan, and
Uganda, plays a crucial role in addressing regional challenges. Their collaboration and
efforts are essential for effective intervention and response to the escalating hunger
crisis.
Importance of the IGAD Regional Focus Report
On June 14, 2023, the IGAD Climate Prediction and Applications Centre (ICPAC) released
the IGAD Regional Focus of the GRFC 2023 in Nairobi. This report provides valuable
insights into the magnitude of the food crises and serves as a basis for informed decision-
making.
Severity Classification
The report utilizes the Integrated Food Security Phase Classification (IPC) scale to classify
the severity of acute food insecurity. This standardized scale allows for a comprehensive
assessment and understanding of the crisis.
Widespread Urgency
In 2022, a staggering 55.45 million people across Djibouti, Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, South
Sudan, Sudan, and Uganda required urgent food assistance, representing a critical
situation. However, data for Eritrea was not available, highlighting the need for improved
data collection and analysis.
Countries Facing Acute Food Insecurity
Among the IGAD member states, Somalia and South Sudan are grappling with the highest
levels of acute food insecurity. Over 301,000 individuals in these countries are struggling
with IPC Phase 5, also known as ‘catastrophe,’ while over 8.7 million people are in the
’emergency’ phase (IPC Phase 4).
Primary Drivers of Food Insecurity
Weather extremes, including drought and other climatic factors, were identified as the
primary cause of acute food insecurity in Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, and Uganda.
Conversely, Djibouti, South Sudan, and Sudan experienced acute food insecurity due to
economic shocks.
Addressing the Crisis
The report emphasizes the urgent need for collaborative efforts to combat the dire food
crises in the IGAD region. International organizations, governments, the private sector,
regional bodies, civil society, and local communities must work together to develop
comprehensive strategies, increase support, and allocate resources effectively.
Glacier Mass Loss in the Hindu Kush Himalayas
The Hindu Kush Himalayas (HKH) region is experiencing a rapid loss of glacier mass, as
highlighted in a recent report by the International Centre for Integrated Mountain
Development (ICIMOD). This concerning trend has significant implications for water
resources, ecosystems, and communities dependent on the cryosphere. The report
underscores the urgent need for adaptation measures to address the challenges posed by
cryospheric change in the region.
Accelerated Glacier Mass Loss
The report reveals that the Hindu Kush Himalayas have experienced a staggering 65%
faster loss of glacier mass. Between 2010 and 2019, the region lost an average of 0.28
meters of water equivalent (m w.e.) per year, compared to 0.17 m w.e. per year between
2000 and 2009.
Karakoram Range in Decline
Contrary to its previous stability, even the Karakoram range has shown a decline in glacier
mass during 2010-2019, losing an average of 0.09 m w.e. per year.
Critical Water Source
The ice and snow in the HKH region play a vital role in sustaining 12 rivers that flow
through 16 Asian countries. Approximately 240 million people residing in the mountains
and 1.65 billion people downstream depend on these water resources.
Projections for Glacial Loss by 2100
Under a business-as-usual scenario, HKH glaciers could potentially lose up to 80% of their
current volume by 2100. This substantial loss would have severe implications for water
availability and the livelihoods of millions.
Projected Snowfall Decline
The report forecasts a decline in snowfall in the Indus Basin between 2070 and 2100.
Compared to the average snowfall between 1971 and 2000, the projected decline ranges
from 30% to 50%. Such reductions exacerbate water scarcity issues in the region.
Impacts of Thawing Permafrost
Thawing permafrost in the Hindu Kush region poses grave consequences, including
infrastructure damage and an increased risk of landslides. The instability of the ground
threatens the well-being of local communities and ecosystems.
Protecting Biodiversity
Approximately 40% of the region’s biodiversity is found within protected areas. Climate
change-related impacts, such as species migration, ecosystem degradation, habitat
suitability decline, species decline and extinction, and the invasion of alien species, are
evident in the Hindu Kush Himalayas.
Urgent Adaptation Measures
The report emphasizes the critical need for immediate adaptation measures to address
the changing cryosphere. Urgent action is required to protect vulnerable mountain
communities and ensure their resilience in the face of cryospheric change.
IPS Officer Ravi Sinha
Ravi Sinha, a seasoned IPS officer, has been appointed as the chief of the Research and
Analysis Wing (R&AW), one of India’s premier intelligence agencies. This significant
appointment brings a fresh perspective to the organization as Sinha takes over from
Samant Goel, who will complete his tenure on June 30.
Decades of Service: Ravi Sinha’s Impressive Track Record
Ravi Sinha brings with him a wealth of experience, having dedicated over two decades of
his career to R&AW. His contributions have been highly valued, and his previous role
involved overseeing the operations wing of the spy agency. Sinha’s extensive knowledge
and expertise have made him a specialist on countries in India’s immediate
neighborhood, an essential asset in today’s complex geopolitical landscape.
An Alumnus of St Stephen’s College: Academic Excellence and Technological Acumen
Sinha’s academic background is equally noteworthy. He is an alumnus of St Stephen’s
College in Delhi, renowned for its prestigious educational standards. Additionally, Sinha
has garnered acclaim for his tech-savvy approach to intelligence collection. This
recognition highlights his ability to harness technology for effective information gathering
and analysis.
Integrating Technological and Human Intelligence: Addressing Contemporary Challenges
In his new role as R&AW chief, Sinha aims to bridge the gap between technological
advancements and human intelligence capabilities. By integrating these dimensions, he
seeks to address the challenges of today’s dynamic and evolving threats. This approach
reflects the agency’s commitment to adapting and leveraging modern tools and
methodologies to safeguard national security interests.
A Critical Appointment: Addressing Pressing Concerns
Ravi Sinha’s appointment comes at a critical time, considering the prevailing political and
economic instability in neighboring Pakistan, the rise of Sikh extremism from abroad, and
attempts to incite violence in the northeast region of India. Sinha’s expertise and
specialized understanding of these matters position him to navigate and mitigate
potential threats effectively.
Looking Ahead: Two-Year Tenure as Secretary RAW
Ravi Sinha’s tenure as Secretary RAW has been approved for a duration of two years,
providing him with the opportunity to implement strategic initiatives and drive impactful
changes within the organization. His leadership and vision will play a crucial role in
strengthening R&AW’s operational capabilities and ensuring the nation’s security in an
ever-changing world.
The Amendment to the Sikh Gurdwaras Act
The recent amendment to the Sikh Gurdwaras Act in Punjab has sparked debates and
raised questions about government interference in Sikh affairs.
Ending Monopoly: Freeing the Broadcast of Gurbani
The Punjab Assembly passed an amendment to the Sikh Gurdwaras Act, 1925, aimed at
liberating the broadcast of Gurbani from the alleged monopoly of PTC, a television
channel associated with the family of Shiromani Akali Dal (SAD) president Sukhbir Singh
Badal. The amendment inserts Section 125A, which mandates the SGPC to provide
uninterrupted live feed of holy Gurbani, free of cost, to all media outlets and platforms
worldwide.
Challenging Views: Constitutional Concerns
The amendment has sparked opposition, with critics, including the SAD, Congress, and
BJP, questioning the Punjab Assembly’s competence to amend the Gurdwaras Act without
the consent of the SGPC. They argue that it amounts to direct interference in the religious
affairs of Sikhs and may be considered unconstitutional. The complex legal implications
surrounding this amendment are likely to be resolved through legal proceedings and
judicial interpretation.
Historical Background: Sikh Gurdwaras Act of 1925
The Sikh Gurdwaras Act of 1925 established the SGPC to manage Gurdwaras according to
Sikh principles. The Act underwent amendments over the years, with five amendments
made under the jurisdiction of the Union government. However, this recent amendment
marks the first time an amendment has been passed without the SGPC’s consent and
against its opposition.
Supreme Court Ruling: Haryana’s Precedent
The Supreme Court’s ruling on the Haryana Sikh Gurdwara (Management) Act in 2014
serves as a reference point in this context. The court upheld the Haryana law, recognizing
the state’s legislative competence to enact laws concerning Gurdwaras. The ruling
emphasized the devolution of religious affairs to the Sikh community and reinforced the
principle that religious matters should be under the control of the concerned community.
Implications and Future Perspectives
The amendment raises concerns about potential government interference in religious
affairs and the implications for the SGPC, an interstate body. The SGPC’s response to the
amendment remains uncertain, and it is yet to be seen whether legal challenges will arise.
The implementation of the new law at the revered Harmandir Sahib will be a critical aspect
to monitor, as it may have far-reaching consequences for the religious practices and
autonomy of the Sikh community.
Recycling and Repurposing of Construction and Demolition Waste
India is making significant strides in managing construction and demolition (C&D) waste
through effective recycling and repurposing initiatives. The Ministry of Housing and Urban
Affairs recently announced that half of the country’s C&D waste is being successfully
recycled and repurposed.
Delhi Leading the Way
Delhi, the capital city of India, has emerged as a frontrunner in C&D waste management
with a remarkable 100% recycling and reusing rate. The city’s dedication to sustainable
practices has set a commendable example for others to follow.
Daily C&D Waste Production
The estimated daily production of C&D waste in the country is a staggering 30,000 tonnes.
Recognizing the urgency to address this issue, the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs
has included it as part of the Swachh Bharat Mission (Urban), a nationwide cleanliness
campaign.
Impressive Number of C&D Waste Facilities
Across the country, there are 400 C&D waste facilities that play a crucial role in processing
approximately 15,000 tonnes of waste daily. This translates to effectively transforming half
of the total C&D waste generated into reusable materials. It is worth noting that C&D
waste constitutes around 90% of the recyclable waste generated in India.
Integration of Swachh Bharat Mission and National Clean Air Program
To enhance waste management efforts, the integration of the Swachh Bharat Mission with
the National Clean Air Program has proven beneficial. This collaborative program covers
131 non-attainment cities and 21 cities with a population exceeding 500,000. As a result,
152 cities have received additional central assistance to support C&D waste management
initiatives.
Action Plans and Processing Facilities
A significant step forward has been the approval of action plans for setting up C&D Waste
Processing Plants in 99 Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) across the country. Additionally, plans
for establishing C&D waste processing facilities have been sanctioned for 116 ULBs, with a
combined capacity of 7,063.23 tonnes per day. This demonstrates a comprehensive
approach to waste management.
Promoting Reusable Products
Under the Swachh Bharat Mission-Urban 2.0, all states actively participate in the
production of reusable products at C&D waste plants. The segregation process at these
waste plants involves categorizing the waste into fine soil, mixed concrete, and stones
using automated machines and stringent safety measures. The segregated materials are
then combined with cement to create various reusable products, including milano paver
tiles, zig-zag tiles, dumbbell tiles, and more.
What is Gonkoken nanoi?
Remains of a previously unknown species of herbivorous dinosaur have been unearthed
in the stunning landscapes of Chilean Patagonia, challenging existing beliefs about the
distribution of duck-billed dinosaurs. The discovery sheds light on the fascinating history
of these ancient creatures and their adaptations.
The Unveiling of Gonkoken nanoi
The fossilized remains of the herbivorous dinosaur, known as Gonkoken nanoi, were
discovered in Chile, providing valuable insights into the rich prehistoric life of the southern
hemisphere. This dinosaur species roamed the Earth approximately 72 million years ago
during the Cretaceous period. It reached a length of up to four meters (13 feet) and
weighed around a ton, making it an impressive and sizable creature.
Ancestral Lineage and Surprising Presence
Gonkoken nanoi belongs to the ancestral lineage of hadrosaurs, a type of duck-billed
dinosaur that was commonly found in North America, Asia, and Europe during the
Cretaceous period. However, the presence of these ancient creatures in Chilean Patagonia
has astounded scientists. The remote southern lands served as a refuge for these very
early hadrosaur species, raising questions about how their ancestors reached this region.
Adaptive Features
The slender appearance of the Gonkoken nanoi dinosaurs allowed them to easily adapt to
their environment. They could shift between bipedal and quadrupedal postures, enabling
them to access vegetation at various heights and ground levels. This adaptive trait played
a crucial role in their survival and ensured a diverse diet.
Significance of the Discovery
The finding of Gonkoken nanoi expands our understanding of the distribution and
diversity of dinosaur species in the southern hemisphere. It showcases the unique
paleontological heritage of Chilean Patagonia and the importance of ongoing research in
uncovering new insights into Earth’s prehistoric past.
Acharya N. Gopi to Receive Prof. Kothapalli Jayashankar Award
Acharya N. Gopi, a renowned poet, literary critic, and recipient of the Sahitya Akademi
Award, has been selected as the recipient of the prestigious Prof. Kothapalli Jayashankar
Award. The award, instituted by Bharat Jagruthi, a cultural organization affiliated with
Bharat Rashtra Samithi, aims to honor accomplished literary figures. The felicitation
ceremony will take place on June 21 at the Telangana Saraswatha Parishath in Abids.
Recognition of Acharya Gopi’s Literary Contributions
With an impressive literary career, Acharya Gopi has written a remarkable total of 56
books. His diverse repertoire includes 26 collections of poems, 7 compilations of essays, 5
translations, and 3 research books. His literary works have garnered widespread acclaim,
leading to translations into several Indian languages and even foreign languages such as
German, Persian, and Russian.
Association with Prominent Universities
Acharya Gopi’s expertise and contributions extend beyond his writing. He has served as
the Vice-Chancellor of Telugu University and has acted as the in-charge Vice-Chancellor of
both Kakatiya University and Dravida University in the past. His notable roles in academia
have further solidified his reputation as a multifaceted literary figure.
Born on June 25, 1948, in Bhongir, in the erstwhile Nalgonda district, Acharya Gopi
pursued his higher education in literature at Osmania University. His academic journey
laid the foundation for his profound understanding of literature and the development of
his unique literary voice.
Salman Rushdie Receives Prestigious German Peace Prize
Salman Rushdie, the renowned British-American author, has been awarded the
prestigious German peace prize for his outstanding contributions. The Peace Prize of the
German Book Trade jury recognized Rushdie as a passionate defender of freedom of
thought and expression. This honor comes about a year after the harrowing attack he
experienced.
Margaret Atwood Joins the Campaign
During a campaign in May 2017, Margaret Atwood, the Canadian author, joined Salman
Rushdie to draw attention to persecuted authors facing censorship. Atwood, known for
her dystopian novel “The Handmaid’s Tale,” was herself awarded the peace prize in 2017.
She was recognized for her keen political intuition and profound perceptions in sensing
dangerous developments.
Institution and Tradition
The peace prize was instituted five years after the Second World War with the intention of
honoring those who oppose anything that endangers peace, understanding, and equality
among nations. The suggestion to establish a foundation for the peace prize came from
Hans Schwarz, an author who was impressed by the work of Max Tau and jokingly
remarked that Tau deserved a peace prize. The first-ever peace prize was indeed awarded
to Max Tau.
Frankfurt’s St. Pauls Church: The Venue
Traditionally, the peace prize is awarded at Frankfurt’s St. Pauls Church, a place of
historical significance in Germany. This church hosted the Frankfurt National Assembly,
the first freely elected parliament for all German states, in 1848.
Recent Awardees
In 2021, amidst the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the peace prize was awarded to Serhiy
Zhadan, a renowned Ukrainian writer and musician. Zhadan’s humanitarian stance and
his efforts to help those affected by the war were highly appreciated.
In 2020, the peace prize went to Tsitsi Dangarembga, a Zimbabwean novelist and
filmmaker. Dangarembga’s trilogy of novels highlighted the struggle for dignity and self-
determination among women in Zimbabwe.
The 2019 peace prize was conferred upon Amartya Sen, an economist and philosopher.
Sen was honored for his groundbreaking work on combating social inequality and
promoting global justice.
These distinguished individuals have left an indelible mark on their respective fields, using
their voices and works to champion peace, justice, and freedom of expression. Their
contributions serve as an inspiration to many and remind us of the importance of
upholding these values in our world today.
Bhavani Devi: First Indian Fencer to Win Medal in Asian Championships
Indian fencer C.A. Bhavani Devi achieved a historic milestone by securing India’s first-ever
medal at the Asian fencing championships. Competing in the women’s sabre event,
Bhavani’s exceptional performance earned her a well-deserved bronze medal.
A Fierce Competition
In the semifinals, Bhavani faced off against Zaynab Dayibekova from Uzbekistan. Despite a
hard-fought battle, Bhavani narrowly lost the match by a score of 14-15. Nevertheless, her
performance throughout the tournament showcased her exceptional abilities and
resilience.
Conquering the Quarterfinals
One of the most remarkable highlights of Bhavani’s journey was her victory in the
quarterfinals. She stunned reigning world champion Misaki Emura from Japan with a
commanding score of 15-10. This win was especially significant for Bhavani as it marked
her first triumph against a top-ranked player.
Looking Ahead to the World Championships
Bhavani’s success at the Asian championships has fueled her determination for the
upcoming World championships in Milan. Scheduled to take place from July 22 to 30, this
prestigious tournament presents another opportunity for Bhavani to showcase her skills
and compete against the best fencers on a global stage.
Challenges Faced in the Semifinals
During the last-four clash in the semifinals, Bhavani encountered a setback when she
received a red card for an “early start.” Her request for a video referral was rejected as it
is only available for “blade contact.” Despite this challenge, Bhavani’s performance
throughout the tournament showcased her remarkable talent and determination.
June 21, 2023
Punjab Universities Laws (Amendment) Bill, 2023
The Punjab Assembly recently approved the Punjab Universities Laws (Amendment) Bill,
2023, marking a significant shift in the governance structure of state-run universities. This
move aims to replace the governor with the chief minister as the chancellor of these
educational institutions.
Reasons for the Amendment
The introduction of the Punjab Universities Laws (Amendment) Bill, 2023, stemmed from
ongoing disagreements between the Bhagwant Mann dispensation, led by the chief
minister, and Governor Banwarilal Purohit. These differences primarily revolved around
the selection process for vice-chancellors, among other issues. By granting the chief
minister the role of chancellor, the bill aims to streamline the appointment process and
ensure greater harmony between the government and universities.
Similar Bill in West Bengal
West Bengal serves as a precedent for the Punjab Assembly’s decision. Last year, the West
Bengal Assembly passed a comparable bill, underscoring the need for a shift in the
governance structure of universities. The move gained traction due to its potential to
enhance coordination and efficiency in educational institutions.
The Commission’s Perspective
The commission on Centre-state relations, headed by Justice M M Punchhi, shed light on
the governor’s position as the chancellor of universities. It highlighted the need for the
governor to fulfill constitutional obligations impartially without burdening the office with
additional powers that may invite controversies or public criticism.
Impact and Future Governance
As per the bill’s provisions, the chief minister of Punjab will assume the role of the
chancellor for all state-run universities. This change aims to streamline decision-making
processes and enhance coordination between the government and educational
institutions. It will help ensure a more efficient and effective governance structure, leading
to better academic outcomes and overall development.
Punjab Police (Amendment) Bill, 2023
The Punjab Assembly recently passed the Punjab Police Amendment Bill, 2023, which
allows the state government to appoint the Director General of Police (DGP). This
amendment comes in the wake of the Supreme Court’s laid-down procedure for DGP
appointment through the Union Public Service Commission (UPSC).
Enabling State Appointment of DGP
The Punjab Police Amendment Bill, 2023, provides the necessary legal framework for the
state government to directly appoint the DGP. This enables Punjab to exercise greater
autonomy and decision-making power in matters concerning the top police position.
Composition of the Selection Panel
According to the amendment, a seven-member committee will be responsible for
selecting the DGP. A retired chief justice or judge from the Punjab and Haryana high court
will preside as the chairperson of the committee. The other committee members include
the chief secretary, a UPSC nominee, a nominee from the Punjab Public Service
Commission, the administrative secretary of the home department, a nominee from the
Union Ministry of External Affairs, and a retired DGP of Punjab Police.
Selection Criteria and Tenure
The bill specifies that the committee will assess eligible candidates based on selection
criteria such as length of service, work record, and range of experience. Once appointed,
the DGP will have a minimum tenure of three years, ensuring stability and continuity in
the leadership of the state police force.
Additional Charge and Precedence
In the event of a vacancy, the bill allows the state government to assign the additional
charge of the DGP to any officer of equivalent rank. Moreover, the provisions of Section 6
of the bill take precedence over any judgment, order, or decree of a court, emphasizing
the authority and autonomy of the state in matters of police administration.
Constitutional Framework and Border State Challenges
The amendment bill acknowledges that public order and police fall under the state list of
the Constitution of India’s seventh schedule, highlighting the exclusive domain of states in
these areas. Recognizing the unique challenges faced by Punjab as a border state, the bill
aims to establish an appropriate mechanism for DGP selection and appointment to
address the specific needs and complexities associated with maintaining law and order.
TRIFED-Ayush Ministry Collaborate to Uplift Tribal Artisans
In a remarkable collaboration with the Ministry of Ayush, the Tribal Cooperative Marketing
Development Federation of India Ltd. (TRIFED) has taken an initiative to uplift tribal
artisans and promote India’s rich cultural heritage. Through the provision of 34,000 yoga
mats ahead of International Yoga Day, TRIFED aims to empower marginalized
communities while celebrating the exceptional craftsmanship of the Santhal community.
Collaborating for a Cultural Cause
TRIFED, the organization partnering with the Ministry of Ayush, is working towards the
upliftment of tribal artisans and promoting their unique artistic traditions. Through this
collaboration, TRIFED demonstrates the government’s dedication to empowering tribal
communities and preserving India’s diverse cultural heritage. By providing yoga mats
exclusively sourced from tribal artisans, TRIFED not only enhances their economic
prospects but also safeguards and celebrates their artistic legacy.
Highlighting the Santhal Community’s Craftsmanship
TRIFED’s collaboration with the Ministry of Ayush focuses on highlighting the
craftsmanship of the Santhal community.
The Santhal artisans possess exceptional skills in Madurkathi, the traditional weaving
heritage of Medinipur.
This intricate art form intricately intertwines cotton yarn and Madurkathi to create
exquisite mats that encapsulate the cultural legacy of West Bengal.
Odisha’s Sabai Grass Yoga Mats
The state of Odisha is renowned for its Sabai Grass Yoga Mats, symbolizing the deep
bond between the Tribals of Mayurbhanj and the lush surrounding landscapes.
Crafted with natural materials, these mats showcase the rich artistic traditions
passed down through generations.
Sabai grass, harvested, sorted, and treated to enhance its pliability, is skillfully woven
by artisans using twining techniques.
The blend of cotton and Sabai grass offers exceptional absorbency and comfort,
making these mats indispensable for yoga enthusiasts.
Preserving Cultural Heritage
TRIFED’s collaboration with the Ministry of Ayush goes beyond economic support and
empowers tribal artisans. By promoting tribal artistry through the supply of yoga mats,
the government reinforces its commitment to preserving and recognizing India’s diverse
cultural heritage. These efforts foster a sense of pride in the rich traditions of
marginalized communities while connecting yoga enthusiasts with the vibrant tapestry of
tribal cultural heritage.
Magdalena Abakanowicz
Magdalena Abakanowicz, a renowned sculptor and artist, was born in Poland in 1930
during the tumultuous period of World War II. Her artistic journey and unique
contributions to the art world have left an indelible mark. Her 93rd birth anniversary was
observed recently.
Born in 1930 in Poland, Magdalena Abakanowicz grew up during the challenging times of
World War II. The experiences she witnessed during this historical period deeply impacted
her mind and life. Her fascination with art led her to begin secondary school in plastic arts
in Gdynia, a city in Poland.
Graduation and Sculptural Style
In 1954, Abakanowicz graduated from the prestigious Warsaw Academy of Fine Arts,
solidifying her foundation in the arts. As an artist, she embarked on a journey of
exploration and experimentation. One of her distinctive artistic choices was using fabric as
a medium for her sculptures.
The Fabric Sculptures
Abakans: Magdalena Abakanowicz introduced a groundbreaking concept by transforming
fabric into three-dimensional sculptures. These unique installations, which hung from the
ceiling, became known as “Abakans.” The name “Abakans” served as a tribute to her
exceptional artistic vision and innovation.
Noteworthy Achievements
In 1965, Abakanowicz’s talent and artistic prowess were recognized when she received the
top prize at the São Paulo International Art Biennale. This prestigious award was just the
beginning of her remarkable journey. Throughout her career, she garnered numerous
other accolades, including the International Sculpture Center in New Jersey’s Lifetime
Achievement Award and the Sculpture Center in New York’s Distinction in Sculpture prize.
Agora: A Landmark Work
Among her extensive body of work, one installation stands out as Magdalena
Abakanowicz’s most significant contribution. Titled “Agora,” this sculptural installation is
situated in Chicago’s Grant Park. Created between 2004 and 2006, “Agora” is a powerful
representation of humanity. It comprises 106 headless and armless iron sculptures,
making a profound statement about the human condition.
Legacy and Passing
Magdalena Abakanowicz’s artistic legacy continues to inspire and captivate art enthusiasts
worldwide. Her influential work has left an enduring impact on the art community. Sadly,
she passed away in 2017, leaving behind a rich artistic heritage. Her contributions to the
world of sculpture and art will be remembered and celebrated for generations to come.
Ukraine Recovery Conference 2023
The Ukraine Recovery Conference 2023, a crucial event dedicated to the transformation
and reconstruction of Ukraine, is taking place in London. Building upon the success of the
previous edition hosted by Switzerland and Lugano, this conference aims to mobilize
international support and assistance for Ukraine’s recovery from the devastating effects
of war. With significant pledges of emergency aid from the international community, the
conference underscores the commitment to rebuild Ukraine and hold Russia accountable
for its aggression.
Previous Edition and the Lugano Principles
The previous edition of the conference, held during the ongoing Russian aggression
against Ukraine, marked a turning point. It launched the Lugano Principles, which
provided a framework for Ukraine’s reconstruction process and brought the world
together in collective efforts. These principles laid the foundation for international support
and cooperation, serving as a guiding light for the upcoming conference.
European Union’s Commitment
The European Union has pledged a remarkable $54.5 billion in aid for the period from
2024 through 2027. This long-term commitment reflects the EU’s dedication to Ukraine’s
economic and social stabilisation. The aid is expected to address immediate needs, and
the specifics of whether it will be in the form of grants or loans are yet to be determined.
This substantial support from the EU signals solidarity and a shared commitment to
Ukraine’s recovery journey.
United States’ Additional Assistance
The United States, a key ally, has announced an additional $1.3 billion in near-term
assistance, further bolstering its support for Ukraine. This brings the total US
contributions to Kyiv since Russia invaded to an impressive $64.3 billion. Secretary of State
Antony Blinken emphasized the enduring commitment, vowing to stand with Ukraine and
support its recovery from the catastrophic Russian aggression.
Britain’s Guarantees and Asset Freezing
In an effort to aid Ukraine’s rebuilding process, Britain has pledged guarantees for $3
billion worth of World Bank loans. These guarantees aim to facilitate the reconstruction
efforts and provide financial backing. Additionally, Britain has taken significant action by
freezing approximately $22 billion in Russian assets. This move not only demonstrates the
commitment to holding Russia accountable but also provides potential funds that could
be redirected towards Ukraine’s recovery.
Conference Stance and Looking Ahead
Leaders at the conference are united in their belief that Russia must be forced to
contribute to the massive costs of reconstruction. Discussions are underway to explore
lawful routes to utilize Russian assets, including those frozen in Britain. The conference
emphasizes the need for sustained support and assistance for Ukraine’s recovery,
recognizing that the war and destruction continue on a daily basis. As Ukraine embarks on
its reconstruction journey, the goal is to build a Ukrainian military strong enough to
protect the country’s sovereignty and territorial integrity.
Tawang Marathon
The Tawang Marathon, a highly anticipated sporting event, is set to take place in Tawang
on 1st October 2023. The marathon, organized jointly by the Arunachal Pradesh
government and the 5 Mountain Division of the Indian Army, aims to promote physical
fitness, encourage participation from enthusiasts worldwide, and provide a platform for
talented athletes to showcase their skills. Pema Khandu, the Chief Minister of Arunachal
Pradesh, recently launched the registration process, emphasizing the significance of active
participation in sports.
A Thrilling Event with Multiple Categories
The Tawang Marathon offers participants a chance to compete in four distinct categories:
5 km, 10 km, 21 km, and 42 km races. This diverse range of options allows individuals of
various fitness levels and running abilities to participate and enjoy the spirit of the event.
The marathon is designed to accommodate both amateur enthusiasts and professional
athletes seeking new challenges.
Enthusiasm and Global Participation
The Tawang Marathon is expected to attract a wide range of participants from across the
globe. With the registration process available online through the event’s dedicated
website, individuals from different backgrounds, including foreign nationals, have the
opportunity to be part of this exciting sporting extravaganza. The global appeal of the
Tawang Marathon fosters a sense of inclusivity and provides a platform for cultural
exchange through sports.
Modifying the State Sports Policy
To nurture talented sportspersons and encourage their excellence, the state government
has modified the state sports policy. The policy aims to provide comprehensive support
and opportunities for athletes to showcase their skills on national and international
platforms. By sending athletes to the Olympic Games and rewarding their achievements
suitably, the government seeks to elevate the sporting landscape of Arunachal Pradesh.
Transonic Truss-Braced Wing
The collaboration between NASA and Boeing aims to revolutionize the aviation industry by
developing an eco-friendly Boeing plane. The innovative wing design, known as the
Transonic Truss-Braced Wing, holds the potential to significantly reduce greenhouse gas
emissions in single-aisle passenger aircraft.
Transonic Truss-Braced Wing: Optimizing Efficiency and Reducing Emissions
The Transonic Truss-Braced Wing design is characterized by a longer and thinner
structure supported by struts. This unique design optimizes gliding capabilities, resulting
in reduced fuel consumption for propulsion. By requiring less fuel, the aircraft’s efficiency
is improved, leading to a substantial reduction in emissions. Single-aisle passenger
aircraft, which currently contribute to nearly half of the aviation industry’s emissions, can
greatly benefit from this innovative wing design.
Financial Commitment and Recognition
Both NASA and Boeing have pledged a combined amount of $1.15 billion to bring this
innovative idea to fruition. NASA’s contribution amounts to $425 million, while Boeing and
its industry partners have invested $725 million. This joint effort has gained special
recognition from the US Air Force, granting the project the prestigious status of an X-
plane.
Impressive Reductions in Fuel Consumption and Emissions
The Transonic Truss-Braced Wing, in combination with advanced propulsion plans,
cutting-edge materials, and electronic systems architecture, is projected to achieve a
remarkable 30% reduction in fuel consumption compared to today’s best-in-class aircraft.
Moreover, Boeing estimates an even more impressive 60% reduction in emissions and fuel
costs when compared to aircraft manufactured in 2005. These reductions signify a
significant step towards a greener and more sustainable aviation industry.
X-66A: Driving Decarbonization and Paving the Way for the Future
The full-scale demonstrator for the Transonic Truss-Braced Wing will be named the X-66A.
This ambitious project holds the goal of driving the decarbonization of the aerospace
industry and paving the way for greener, cleaner, and quieter aircraft. By combining
innovative design with advanced technology, the X-66A aims to set a new standard for
environmentally friendly air travel.
Towards a Carbon-Neutral Aviation Industry
The collaboration between NASA and Boeing aligns with the US Aviation Climate Action
Plan, which envisions a carbon-neutral aviation industry. The development of the
Transonic Truss-Braced Wing and its integration into future aircraft models is a crucial
step towards achieving this goal. By reducing emissions and fuel consumption, the project
aims to make air travel more sustainable and contribute to a cleaner environment.
Heatwave in India
Heat-related conditions can pose significant risks to individuals, particularly during
heatwaves. It is crucial to understand these conditions, their symptoms, and preventive
measures to ensure the well-being of the population. Recently, the Union Health Minister
held a meeting with key officials to address the heatwave situation in the country.
Meeting to Address Heatwave Risks
Mansukh Mandaviya convened a meeting with officials from the India Meteorological
Department, National Disaster Management Authority, and the Health Ministry to discuss
the alarming heatwave situation. During the meeting, he announced the deployment of
central teams to the affected states, aiming to guide the governments and provide
necessary support.
Understanding Heat Exhaustion and Heat Stroke
Heat exhaustion is a condition in which the body sweats excessively to regulate its core
temperature. This can cause fatigue and dehydration, but it is unlikely to be fatal.
However, heat stroke is a severe condition that occurs when the body’s core temperature
rises rapidly, and it becomes unable to sweat and cool down. Heat stroke can lead to
organ dysfunction and may be life-threatening.
Recognizing Symptoms and Seeking Medical Assistance
In cases of heat stroke, immediate medical attention is crucial. Individuals experiencing
high body temperature without sweating, drowsiness, vomiting, reduced urine output,
and breathing difficulties should be taken to the hospital promptly. Special care should be
given to vulnerable groups, such as the elderly, young children, and those with underlying
health conditions, as they are more susceptible to the impacts of heat.
Prevention Strategies
Preventing heat-related conditions is essential to ensure public health and safety. Some
key preventive measures include avoiding direct sunlight, especially between noon and 3
pm, when the sun’s rays are the strongest. Strenuous activities should be limited during
this time. Hydration is vital, even if one does not feel thirsty, and drinking fluids like water,
lassi, lemon water, buttermilk, or oral rehydration solution (ORS) can help maintain
electrolyte balance.
Role of Heat Action Plans and Awareness Drives
Heat action plans, along with awareness drives, play a significant role in reducing
mortality rates during intense heatwaves. By predicting heatwaves and educating the
public about preventive measures, these initiatives contribute to saving lives.
Implementation of heat action plans resulted in a 30% to 40% reduction in mortality in
Ahmedabad.
The Impact of Humidity and Night-Time Temperatures
Humidity and night-time temperatures are crucial factors to consider when addressing
heat-related risks. High humidity levels can increase perceived temperatures and hinder
the body’s ability to cool down through sweat evaporation. Similarly, high night-time
temperatures deprive the body of rest, impeding recovery from daytime heat exposure.
GEMCOVAC-OM Vaccine
India is making significant strides in its battle against the Omicron variant of COVID-19
with the development of its first indigenous mRNA vaccines. GEMCOVAC-OM and
GEMCOVAC-19, developed by Gennova Biopharmaceuticals Ltd, are set to revolutionize
India’s vaccine landscape.
Gennova Biopharmaceuticals Ltd: Leading the Way
Gennova Biopharmaceuticals Ltd, a Pune-based company, is at the forefront of India’s
vaccine development efforts. With their innovative approach, Gennova previously received
approval for GEMCOVAC-19, the country’s first mRNA vaccine against COVID-19, a year
ago. Now, they have developed GEMCOVAC-OM, specifically targeting the Omicron
variant.
Launch and Rollout Plans
Excitement is mounting as GEMCOVAC-OM and GEMCOVAC-19 vaccines are expected to
be formally launched and rolled out in the next two to three weeks. While commercial
availability is yet to be confirmed, there is immense anticipation surrounding the release
of these vaccines. The market prospects, availability in hospitals and health centers, and
potential export of these vaccines are eagerly awaited.
Unique Features and Advantages
GEMCOVAC-OM boasts a unique selling point when it comes to storage. Unlike many
vaccines that require specialized cold storage facilities, GEMCOVAC-OM can be stored in
ordinary refrigerators within a temperature range of 2 to 8 degrees Celsius. This feature
facilitates easier distribution and administration of the vaccine, particularly in resource-
constrained areas.
Administration and Effectiveness
The GEMCOVAC-OM vaccine offers a needle-free administration method, utilizing the
PharmaJet system. This innovative approach eliminates the use of needles, making the
vaccination process more convenient and comfortable for recipients. Additionally,
GEMCOVAC-OM has shown a greater safety profile compared to Covishield and has
demonstrated the ability to generate more neutralizing antibodies, which are crucial in
preventing the proliferation of the coronavirus within the body.
Collaborative Support
Gennova’s technology development for the mRNA-based vaccines received crucial support
from the Department of Biotechnology (DBT). The DBT recognized the potential of
Gennova’s technology platform, which can be utilized not only for COVID-19 vaccines but
also for the development of other vaccines in the future. The collaborative efforts of
Gennova and DBT exemplify the importance of strategic funding and technological
innovation in advancing India’s healthcare ecosystem.
Motor Third Party Premium and Liability Rules for the Financial Year (FY) 2023-24
The Ministry of Road Transport and Highways has recently released a draft proposal
regarding the premium rates for third-party motor insurance for the financial year (FY)
2023-24.
No Change in Premium Rates
The draft proposal reveals that there have been no proposed changes in the premium
rates for third-party motor insurance in FY2023-24. This means that the existing rates will
continue to be applicable for the upcoming financial year.
Consultation with IRDAI
The Ministry of Road Transport and Highways collaborated with the Insurance Regulatory
and Development Authority of India (IRDAI) while formulating the draft proposal. This
collaborative approach ensures that the proposal aligns with industry regulations and
addresses the needs of both vehicle owners and insurance providers.
Purpose of Third-Party Insurance
Third-party motor insurance serves the purpose of providing financial support to a third
party who suffers harm or damage due to an insured vehicle. This insurance coverage
ensures that the affected party receives the necessary compensation for their losses.
Availability for Commercial and Private Vehicles
One of the significant advantages of third-party insurance is that it is available for both
commercial and private vehicles. This means that owners of various types of vehicles can
fulfill the legal requirement of obtaining third-party liability insurance.
Coverage for Policyholders
It is essential to note that third-party insurance primarily covers the claims made by the
affected third party. The policyholder does not receive direct financial assistance under
this coverage. However, it safeguards the policyholder from potential legal and financial
liabilities arising from an accident or damage caused by their vehicle.
Implementation of Motor Third Party Premium and Liability Rules
The proposal by the Ministry is known as the Motor Third Party Premium and Liability
rules for FY 2023-24. While the specific date of implementation is yet to be determined, the
rules are expected to be enforced in the near future.
Base Premium Rates
The notification issued by the Ministry provides detailed information regarding the base
premium rates for various classes of vehicles. These rates serve as the foundation for
calculating the premiums associated with third-party motor insurance coverage.
June 22, 2023
Gender Gap Report, 2023
The Gender Gap Report 2023, released by the World Economic Forum (WEF), provides
valuable insights into India’s progress in achieving gender parity.
India’s Rank and Progress
According to the Gender Gap Report 2023, India is ranked 127 out of 146 countries in
terms of gender parity. Although this ranking may seem modest, it represents an
improvement of eight places from the previous year. This positive change signifies the
nation’s commitment to addressing gender disparities.
Closing the Gender Gap
India has made significant strides in closing the overall gender gap, with 64.3% of the gap
successfully closed. However, in economic participation and opportunity, India’s rank
stands at 36.7%, indicating the need for further improvements in empowering women in
the workforce.
Leading the Gender Equality Index
Iceland, for the 14th consecutive year, has secured the top spot as the most gender-equal
country globally. Notably, Iceland has successfully closed over 90% of its gender gap,
demonstrating remarkable progress in gender equality.
Political Empowerment
India has achieved a 25.3% parity in political empowerment, with women representing
15.1% of parliamentarians. This marks the highest representation of women in parliament
since the inaugural report in 2006, showcasing notable advancements in women’s
participation in political decision-making.
Local Governance Representation
A commendable accomplishment is that 18 countries, including India, have achieved
women’s representation of over 40% in local governance. This highlights the growing
recognition of women’s roles and contributions in shaping local communities and
governance systems.
Improvement in Sex Ratio at Birth
India’s sex ratio at birth has shown improvement, with a 1.9 percentage point increase.
This development signifies progress after years of efforts to address the issue and
promote gender equality from birth.
Gender Parity in Southern Asia
The Southern Asian region, including India, has achieved a gender parity of 63.4%, ranking
it as the second-lowest region in terms of gender equality. Despite this, the region has
witnessed a positive change of 1.1 percentage points since the previous edition, thanks to
the progress made by populous countries such as India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh.
Livestock and Livestock Products (Importation and Exportation) Bill, 2023
The proposed Livestock and Livestock Products (Importation and Exportation) Bill-2023
aims to replace outdated laws and establish regulations for the import and export of live
animals.
Replacing Outdated Laws
The Livestock and Livestock Products (Importation and Exportation) Bill-2023 is intended
to replace two existing laws, namely the Live-stock Importation Act, 1898, and the Live-
stock (Amendment) Act, 2001. These laws have become outdated, necessitating alignment
with contemporary requirements and prevailing circumstances related to sanitary and
phyto-sanitary measures.
Broadening the Scope
The 2001 amendment to the Live-stock Importation Act broadened its scope by including
the import of livestock products in addition to live-stock. This change recognized the
importance of regulating the importation of not only live animals but also various
livestock products, such as meat, milk, and genetic materials.
Expanded Definition of Live-stock
The proposed draft Bill expands the definition of live-stock to encompass feline and
canines, along with other animal categories. The inclusion of these species acknowledges
their relevance in the context of import and export regulations. The draft Bill also defines
live-stocks and live-stock products as commodities, covering a wide range of items derived
from live-stock.
Government’s Power to Promote and Develop Exports
Section 4 of the proposed Bill grants the government the authority to make arrangements
for the promotion and development of live-stock and live-stock product exports. This
provision aims to support the growth of India’s live-stock industry in the international
market and enhance trade opportunities.
Criticism and Withdrawal
The proposed draft Bill has faced criticism from animal rights organizations, concerned
that it could lead to cruelty and abuse of animals. In response to these concerns, the
Centre has decided to withdraw the draft Bill. The decision was made to allow for wider
consultation and gather more comments and suggestions regarding the potential impact
of the legislation.
Non-Conforming Industrial Area Redevelopment Project
The Delhi government has set an ambitious target of creating 6,00,000 job opportunities
through the redevelopment of non-conforming industrial areas.
Creating Job Opportunities and Recognized Industrial Areas
With the aim of generating substantial employment opportunities, the Kejriwal
government is committed to transforming all 26 non-conforming industrial areas into
recognized conforming industrial areas. By doing so, the government seeks to provide a
conducive environment for businesses and workers to thrive.
The Role of Delhi Development Authority
The responsibility of demarcating land use for residential, commercial, and industrial
purposes lies with the Delhi Development Authority (DDA). However, due to the rapid
expansion of activities, the DDA struggled to keep pace with development, leading to the
emergence of unauthorized colonies and non-conforming industrial areas. The
redevelopment plan aims to rectify this situation.
Addressing Challenges and Ensuring Safety
Non-conforming industrial areas face numerous challenges, including inadequate facilities
such as water, electricity, waste treatment, and fire safety. These shortcomings have
resulted in accidents and corrupt activities. By converting these areas into conforming
industrial zones, the government aims to eliminate security concerns and provide a safe
and upgraded environment for workers and entrepreneurs.
Cost-Sharing Mechanism
To facilitate the redevelopment process, the Delhi government has taken the significant
step of bearing 90% of the total cost to prepare the layout plan for the industrial areas.
The remaining 10% will be contributed by the industries, ensuring their active
participation and commitment to the project’s success.
Phases of Redevelopment
The redevelopment of non-conforming industrial areas will take place in three phases.
Firstly, a layout plan will be prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Master
Plan Delhi 2041. This plan will be formulated in collaboration with local industry
associations or societies. The second phase focuses on enhancing basic infrastructure,
including sewage and waste treatment plants, water supply, and road improvements.
Finally, common facility centers catering to various industrial needs will be constructed.
Targeted Areas for Redevelopment
The non-conforming industrial areas that will undergo redevelopment include Anand
Parvat, Shahdara, Samaypur Badli, Jawahar Nagar, Sultanpur Majra, and many others.
These areas are vital economic hubs, providing livelihoods to thousands of people and
contributing significantly to Delhi’s GDP.
Benefits for Industrial Units
The transformation of non-conforming areas into conforming industrial zones will enable
industrial units to access loans more easily and expand their market reach globally.
Moreover, improved infrastructure and upgraded facilities will create a conducive
business environment, promoting growth and prosperity for industrial enterprises.
Odisha Increases Outlay for ABADHA Scheme
The Odisha Cabinet recently approved a remarkable ₹1,000 crore increase in the total cost
outlay for the ABADHA scheme. The scheme’s primary focus is on Puri, a town renowned
for its illustrious Lord Jagannath Temple. With a current total cost outlay of ₹4,224.22
crore, the ABADHA scheme stands as one of the largest state-sponsored projects for the
development of a religious place in India.
Projects Under ABADHA Scheme
The ABADHA (Augmentation Basic Amenities and Development of Heritage and
Architecture) scheme encompasses various ambitious projects aimed at transforming
Puri’s landscape. Some of the initiatives encompassed by the ABADHA scheme consist of
the creation of a heritage security zone, implementation of the Shree Setu project, revival
plan for the Musa river, establishment of the Jagannath Ballav pilgrim centre, housing
projects, enhancement of the Puri lake, and the modernization of the Raghunandan
Library. These initiatives focus on preserving the cultural heritage, enhancing the tourist
experience, and providing better amenities for residents and pilgrims.
Implementation and Duration
The ABADHA scheme spans from 2017-18 to 2024-25, with a comprehensive
implementation plan. The extended duration allows for the proper execution of projects
and ensures that Puri’s infrastructure undergoes a significant transformation. The
government’s commitment to improving basic amenities and preserving the town’s rich
heritage is evident in the comprehensive review conducted by Chief Minister Naveen
Patnaik.
Language Inclusion: Saora Language
In a significant step towards cultural preservation, the Odisha Cabinet recommended the
inclusion of the Saora language in the Constitution. This step aims to preserve, promote,
and propagate the tribal dialect and culture of the Saora-speaking indigenous people. The
inclusion of the Saora language in the 8th schedule of the Constitution will provide
momentum to activities such as publication, content creation, and recognition, without
any financial implication.
Benefits and Cultural Preservation
The inclusion of the Saora language in the Constitution holds great significance for over
five lakh Saora-speaking indigenous people. It ensures the preservation and promotion of
their language and culture. This step highlights the government’s commitment to the
preservation of diverse cultural heritage and the empowerment of indigenous
communities.
India Acquires Predator Drones
The state visit of Prime Minister Narendra Modi to the United States holds great
significance in enhancing relations between the two nations. Alongside improving
diplomatic ties, India is set to acquire MQ-9B Predator (“Reaper”) drones from General
Atomics, a deal that will further bolster India’s defense capabilities.
Improving Relations and Defense Capabilities
The purpose of Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s state visit to the US is to strengthen
relations between the two countries. The discussions during the visit are focused on
enhancing diplomatic ties and fostering collaboration in various sectors, including
defense. India’s acquisition of MQ-9B Predator drones is a significant step towards
reinforcing its defense capabilities and strategic surveillance.
MQ-9B Predator Drones
India will purchase 30 MQ-9B Predator drones from General Atomics, a leading
manufacturer of unmanned aerial systems. These drones are known for their advanced
capabilities in terms of endurance, surveillance, and strike capabilities. The MQ-9B
Predator drones come in two variants – SkyGuardian and SeaGuardian, providing India
with versatile options for deployment.
Phased Acquisition and Command Centers
Out of the 30 drones, initially, 10 will be acquired without weapons. This phased
acquisition approach allows for the absorption of technology and gradual integration of
advanced features. Furthermore, India plans to establish three tri-service intelligence,
surveillance, and reconnaissance command centers. These centers will play a crucial role
in effectively utilizing the acquired drones and ensuring optimal surveillance along India’s
northern boundaries, particularly the frontier with China.
Approval and Expected Value
The proposal to acquire the MQ-9B Predator drones was approved by the Defense
Acquisition Council (DAC), headed by Defense Minister Rajnath Singh. The deal, expected
to be valued at nearly USD 3 billion, demonstrates India’s commitment to modernize its
defense infrastructure and bolster national security.
Endurance and Mobility
The General Atomics MQ-9 Reaper, which is the basis for the MQ-9B Predator drones,
offers an impressive endurance of over 27 hours. This extended flight time allows for
prolonged surveillance missions and persistent monitoring of targeted areas. Additionally,
the MQ-9 Reaper can be disassembled and loaded into a container for easy deployment. It
can be transported using aircraft such as the C-130 Hercules or larger platforms, ensuring
mobility and flexibility in operational theaters.
India-Myanmar-Thailand Trilateral Highway
The India-Myanmar-Thailand Trilateral Highway project, an ambitious endeavor aimed at
connecting Kolkata to Bangkok via Myanmar, is set to significantly boost regional
connectivity and cooperation. Established under the Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-
Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation (BIMSTEC), this highway project holds
immense potential for economic development, cultural exchange, and people-to-people
contact among member nations.
BIMSTEC: Promoting Cooperation and Integration
BIMSTEC, established in 1997, comprises seven member countries, including Bangladesh,
Bhutan, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka, and Thailand. The organization focuses on
fostering cooperation among member nations in various sectors, such as trade,
investment, technology, energy, tourism, agriculture, fisheries, and more. The India-
Myanmar-Thailand Trilateral Highway project is one of the crucial initiatives under
BIMSTEC, aiming to enhance connectivity and integration in the region.
The Length and Objectives of the Trilateral Highway
The India-Myanmar-Thailand Trilateral Highway is expected to stretch approximately 1,300
kilometers, serving as a four-lane road network connecting Moreh in India to Mae Sot in
Thailand, passing through Myanmar. This ambitious project aims to facilitate trade,
tourism, and cultural exchange among the member nations, boosting economic growth
and regional cooperation.
Completed Sections and Ongoing Construction
Several sections of the trilateral highway have already been completed, including Moreh-
Tamu-Kalewa, Yagyi-Chaungma-Monywa, and Monywa-Mandalay, among others. These
completed segments have already contributed to increased trade within the ASEAN-India
Free Trade Area, promoting economic integration in the region. India’s involvement in the
project includes the construction of two crucial sections in Myanmar: the Kalewa-Yagyi
road section and the Tamu-Kyigone-Kalewa road section, along with the construction of 69
bridges.
Future Extensions and Regional Integration
Looking ahead, India has proposed extending the India-Myanmar-Thailand Trilateral
Highway further to Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam along the East-West Corridor of the
Ayeyawady-Chao Phraya-Mekong Economic Cooperation Strategy (ACMECS). This
comprehensive infrastructure development, covering a vast 3,200-kilometer network,
holds the potential to enhance trade, economic cooperation, and connectivity among the
participating countries, further strengthening regional integration.
Estimations and Motor Vehicles Agreement
The estimated cost for the Indian-funded sections of the trilateral highway is
approximately Rs. 1837.87 crore. As negotiations continue, a Motor Vehicles Agreement is
being discussed to regulate traffic and transportation along the trilateral highway. This
agreement will play a vital role in streamlining cross-border movement, ensuring efficient
logistics, and facilitating seamless connectivity.
Delhi’s Cloud Kitchen Policy
The Delhi government is taking a significant step towards supporting independent food
outlets by introducing the Cloud Kitchen Policy. The objective of this policy is to streamline
licensing processes and generate a multitude of job prospects in the industry. With the
transformation of iconic locations like Chandni Chowk and Majnu Ka Tila into Food Hubs,
Delhi is set to revitalize its culinary landscape.
Simplifying Licensing Procedures for Entrepreneurs
The primary objective of the Cloud Kitchen Policy is to provide legal recognition and
convenience to entrepreneurs running cloud kitchens and independent food outlets.
Currently, the licensing process involves obtaining permits from multiple government
departments, leading to complexities and time-consuming procedures. By implementing a
user-friendly single-window system through a digital platform, the policy seeks to
streamline the licensing process and reduce regulatory hurdles.
Boosting Employment Opportunities and Supporting Food Outlets
Delhi is home to approximately 20,000 cloud kitchens and independent food outlets,
employing around 400,000 individuals directly or indirectly. The Cloud Kitchen Policy aims
to create a favorable environment for the growth and modernization of these
establishments, contributing to job creation and economic development. By supporting
independent food outlets, the government is fostering entrepreneurship and empowering
individuals in the culinary sector.
Transformation of Chandni Chowk and Majnu Ka Tila into Food Hubs
As part of the Cloud Kitchen Policy, two iconic locations, Chandni Chowk and Majnu Ka Tila,
will be transformed into Food Hubs. The government aims to revitalize these hubs,
making them popular destinations for locals and visitors alike. This initiative will not only
boost tourism but also preserve and celebrate Delhi’s rich culinary heritage.
Inspiration from Singapore’s Food Culture and Focus on Hygiene
Delhi’s Food Hubs and independent food outlets will draw inspiration from the renowned
food culture of Singapore. The government aims to prioritize food safety, hygiene, and
provide consumers with a unique culinary experience. By ensuring stringent standards
and promoting cleanliness, Delhi’s Cloud Kitchen Policy aims to enhance the overall dining
experience for residents and tourists.
Contributing to Development and Modernization
The Cloud Kitchen Policy plays a crucial role in contributing to the development and
modernization of Delhi’s economy. By simplifying licensing procedures, supporting
employment generation, and creating a conducive business environment, the policy
facilitates the growth of cloud kitchens and independent food outlets. This, in turn,
contributes to the overall economic growth of the capital.
Integrated Simulator Complex (ISC) 'Dhruv'
The Indian Navy’s training capabilities received a significant boost as Defence Minister
Rajnath Singh inaugurated the Integrated Simulator Complex ‘Dhruv’. This state-of-the-art
complex aims to enhance practical training in the Indian Navy, providing real-time
experience in navigation, fleet operations, and naval tactics. With indigenously developed
simulators, the complex showcases the ‘Aatmanirbhar Bharat’ initiative and holds
immense potential for defence exports.
Enhancing Training in Key Areas
The Integrated Simulator Complex ‘Dhruv’ caters to the training needs of the Indian Navy
in critical areas such as navigation, fleet operations, and naval tactics. By providing real-
time experience and practical simulations, the complex enables trainees to develop skills
and competencies crucial for their roles in the Navy. This cutting-edge facility focuses on
honing the expertise of naval personnel through immersive training scenarios.
Prominent Simulators in the Complex
One of the notable simulators in the Integrated Simulator Complex ‘Dhruv’ is the Air
Direction and Helicopter Control Simulator (ADHCS), developed by the Institute for
Systems Studies and Analysis. The ADHCS offers trainees a real-time operational
environment, facilitating hands-on learning in managing air direction and helicopter
control. This simulator ensures that Navy personnel are well-prepared to handle complex
scenarios effectively.
Export Success and Technological Innovation
The Ship Handling Simulators, developed by ARI Pvt Ltd, New Delhi, have achieved global
recognition, with exports to 18 countries. This accomplishment reflects India’s prowess in
simulator technology and signifies the nation’s potential for defence exports. Additionally,
the Astronavigation Dome, developed by Infovision Technologies Pvt Ltd, is the first-of-its-
kind in the Indian Navy. These indigenously developed simulators highlight India’s
commitment to technological innovation and self-reliance in defence.
Aatmanirbhar Bharat: Self-Reliance and Export Potential
The development of the Integrated Simulator Complex ‘Dhruv’ aligns with the
‘Aatmanirbhar Bharat’ initiative, emphasizing self-reliance and indigenous capabilities. By
relying on homegrown technologies, the complex showcases India’s progress in advanced
simulator systems, reducing the country’s dependence on external sources. Moreover,
these technologically advanced simulators have a promising potential for defence exports,
further contributing to India’s economy and international collaborations.
GE Aerospace and HAL Collaborate for Fighter Jet Engine Production
In a significant development, General Electric (GE) Aerospace has entered into a pact with
Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) to jointly produce fighter jet engines for the Indian
Air Force’s LCA-Mk-II Tejas. This collaboration aims to strengthen India’s indigenous
defense capabilities and boost the country’s aerospace sector.
GE Aerospace and HAL Partnership
The agreement between GE Aerospace and HAL is focused on the joint production of
fighter jet engines specifically designed for the Indian Air Force’s LCA-Mk-II Tejas. GE
Aerospace has committed to building a total of 99 engines for this program, highlighting
their dedication to supporting India’s defense needs and promoting self-reliance in the
aerospace industry.
GE-F414 Engines and International Operations
The agreement includes the inclusion of GE Aerospace’s F414 engines, known for their
advanced capabilities and reliability. These engines power various aircraft, including the
F/A-18E and F/A-18F Super Hornets, operated by countries such as the United States,
Australia, and Kuwait. The Super Hornets are twin-engine, multirole fighter jets renowned
for their versatility and ability to operate from aircraft carriers. Their deployment
showcases the wide acceptance and proven performance of GE-F414 engines in critical
defense operations.
EA-18G Growler: Electronic Warfare Platform
Boeing’s EA-18G Growler, an upgraded version of the F/A-18F Super Hornet, plays a crucial
role in electronic warfare. As a carrier-based fighter jet, it specializes in tactical jamming
and electronic protection, providing essential support to strike aircraft during high-threat
missions. The Growler’s advanced capabilities make it a key asset for modern military
operations, bolstering the effectiveness of defense forces.
JAS 39 Gripen: Lightweight Multirole Fighter
Sweden’s Saab AB is the manufacturer of the JAS 39 Gripen, a lightweight, single-seater,
multirole fighter aircraft. The Gripen’s electronic warfare suite features silent networking
and total sensor fusion, allowing for seamless coordination within a tactical air unit. Its
innovative technology and advanced capabilities have attracted countries such as
Thailand, Hungary, and the Czech Republic, who have purchased or leased versions of the
Gripen for their defense forces.
Unity Mall in Dimapur
The Central government has allocated ₹145 crore to Nagaland for the construction of a
Unity Mall in Dimapur. The Unity Mall aims to promote and showcase the state’s One
District One Product (ODOP) offerings. This substantial funding forms a crucial
component of the Union Budget 2023-24, which has allocated ₹5,000 crore for the
establishment of Unity Malls nationwide. The declaration took place at an ODOP Sampark
event, jointly organized by the Department for the Promotion of Industry and Internal
Trade (DPIIT), Invest India, and the Department of Industries and Commerce in Nagaland.
Raising Awareness about ODOP
The ODOP Sampark event focused on raising awareness about the ODOP and PM Gati
Shakti initiatives, with the objective of promoting local industries and improving logistics.
During the event, Sumita Dawra, Special Secretary of DPIIT, highlighted the efforts of
conducting a National Programme for Organic Production (NPOP) Drive in Kohima. The
drive specifically focused on chili farming, with over 30 farmers participating in the
workshop.
Organic Certification for Chili Farmers
One of the key achievements during the ODOP Sampark event was the completion of
organic certification documentation for 15 chili farmers. This certification will play a crucial
role in providing better access to international markets and ensuring better prices for
their produce. The organic certification serves as a testament to the quality and
sustainability of Nagaland’s chili farming.
Enhancing Logistics and Connectivity
In order to enhance logistical support for ODOP products originating from Nagaland,
initiatives will be undertaken to enhance transportation networks, including the
implementation of schemes such as Krishi UDAN and the expansion of railway
connectivity. The aim is to streamline the transportation and distribution of ODOP
products, including chili, turmeric, kiwi, and pineapple. By enhancing connectivity, the
government aims to boost the accessibility and reach of Nagaland’s unique products to
both domestic and international markets.
DPIIT Invest Initiatives
DPIIT Invest officials highlighted various initiatives undertaken under the ODOP program.
These initiatives include design sensitization workshops, ODOP GeM Bazaar on the
Government e-Marketplace, and ODOP exhibitions. These platforms provide opportunities
for ODOP entrepreneurs to showcase their products, connect with potential buyers, and
expand their market presence.
Challenges and Efforts in Recovering the Titanic Submersible
Teams from around the world are engaged in a race against time to locate a missing
submersible and its crew in the vast depths of the North Atlantic.
Limited Oxygen Supply
One of the primary challenges confronting the teams is the limited oxygen supply aboard
the submersible. With each passing moment, the urgency to locate the vessel and its five-
person crew intensifies.
Vast Search Area
The search operation covers an expansive area of the North Atlantic, spanning
approximately 7,600 square miles (20,000 square kilometers). Navigating this extensive
region to a depth of over two miles is a formidable task.
Challenging Underwater Conditions
The bottom of the ocean presents a harsh and inhospitable environment. It is
characterized by pitch-black darkness, bone-chilling cold, undulating terrain, and a seabed
covered in mud. These conditions make the search operation exceptionally challenging.
Missing Crew Members
On board the submersible when it vanished were British billionaire Hamish Harding,
Pakistani tycoon Shahzada Dawood, and Dawood’s son Suleman. The search teams are
committed to locating the vessel and ensuring the safety of the crew members.
Operator: OceanGate Expeditions
The submersible named Titan is operated by OceanGate Expeditions, an undersea
exploration company based in Everett, Washington. Their expertise and resources are
being utilized to coordinate the search efforts.
Extensive Search Area
The search area is equivalent to the size of the state of Connecticut or approximately half
the size of Belgium. Locating a relatively small submersible within such a vast expanse
requires meticulous efforts and comprehensive search strategies.
Challenges of Sub-to-Sub Rescue
A sub-to-sub rescue is unlikely if the submersible is on the ocean floor due to limited
capabilities of reaching the depths comparable to the Titanic wreck. Additionally, the lack
of towing power makes the retrieval of the vessel extremely challenging.
Difficulty in Spotting a Bobbing Submersible
If the submersible is bobbing at the ocean’s surface, locating it becomes akin to finding a
needle in a haystack. The partially submerged vessel, roughly the size of a van, is difficult
to spot amidst the vast ocean. The search teams face the additional challenge of
mobilizing ships and equipment to the search area, which takes time.
Exploring the Unknown
Our knowledge of the bottom of the ocean is relatively limited compared to the moon’s
surface, as extensive surveying has not been conducted. This adds a level of uncertainty to
the search operation, as there may be various unknown factors and obstacles to
overcome.
Star Rating Registration Process for Coal and Lignite Mines
The Ministry of Coal has introduced the Star Rating Registration process for coal and
lignite mines, aiming to foster competitiveness and acknowledge exceptional
performance in the mining industry. This initiative serves as a platform to evaluate mines
based on various parameters, highlighting their compliance with statutory provisions,
adoption of advanced mining technology, economic achievements, and more.
Assessing Mines on Seven Key Parameters
The evaluation of mines in the Star Rating Registration process takes into account seven
key parameters. These parameters include mining operations, environment-related
factors, adoption of technologies, best mining practices, economic performance,
rehabilitation and resettlement efforts, worker-related compliance, and safety and
security measures. By assessing mines across these parameters, the ministry aims to gain
comprehensive insights into their overall performance and sustainability.
Application and Evaluation Process
The notification for registration of coal and lignite mines for the Star Rating program was
issued on May 30th, and the registration portal was made available from June 1st. Within a
short span of time, 376 mines have already applied for participation, marking a record
number of participants since the program’s inception in 2018-19. The registration portal
will remain open until June 30th, providing an opportunity for more mines to join the
process.
Mines that participate in the Star Rating Registration process are urged to engage in a
comprehensive self-evaluation procedure, which must be finalized by July 31, 2023. The
top 10% of mines that achieve the highest scores will then proceed to undergo additional
validation through an inspection conducted by a committee. The remaining 90% of mines
will go through an online review process. All participants can contribute to the evaluation
by reviewing other mines, ensuring a collective effort towards comprehensive
assessments.
Transparency and Impartiality in Evaluation
The assessment will be carried out by the Coal Controller’s Organization, guaranteeing a
fair and transparent evaluation process. By October 31st, the comprehensive review will
be finalized, followed by a Coal Controller review. The final results of the Star Rating
Registration process will be published by January 31, 2024.
Driving Competitiveness and Responsible Mining Practices
The implementation of the Star Rating Registration process represents a crucial measure
aimed at enhancing the overall performance and sustainability of coal and lignite mining
in the nation. By fostering competitiveness and recognizing outstanding performance, this
initiative aims to promote responsible mining practices and ensure the continued growth
and development of the mining industry. The ratings awarded, ranging from Five Star to
NO Star, will provide a comprehensive evaluation of each mine’s achievements, further
encouraging the adoption of best practices and continuous improvement.
UNDP, DAY-NULM Collaborate to Empower Women Entrepreneurs
The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the Deendayal Antyodaya
Yojana-National Urban Livelihoods Mission (DAY-NULM) have joined forces to uplift
women in entrepreneurship. This strategic partnership aims to provide support and
create better career opportunities for women in various sectors.
Supporting Women Entrepreneurs
The UNDP and DAY-NULM collaboration is focused on empowering women entrepreneurs
across different sectors. The partnership aims to provide support in areas such as the care
economy, digital economy, electric mobility, waste management, food packaging, and
more. By targeting these sectors, the initiative aims to enhance the representation of
women and their impact on the economy.
Expanding to Eight Cities
In the initial phase of the project, the partnership will cover eight cities. This geographical
expansion demonstrates the commitment to reach and support women entrepreneurs in
diverse urban settings. By targeting different cities, the initiative aims to create a
widespread impact and empower women across various regions.
Addressing the Gender Gap
Currently, the percentage of women entrepreneurs in India stands at 15%. Increasing this
number holds numerous benefits for society. By encouraging more women to venture
into entrepreneurship, the initiative aims to alleviate poverty, promote financial
independence, reshape gender norms, and drive economic growth. It is a step towards a
more inclusive and prosperous society.
UNDP’s National-Level Support
UNDP will play a crucial role in providing national-level capacity-building support to DAY-
NULM. This support includes knowledge generation, compilation of best practices, and
enhancing the implementation of national-level schemes. Through this collaboration,
UNDP brings its extensive experience in linking over 200,000 women to improved
employment opportunities.
Piloting Innovative Solutions
UNDP and DAY-NULM will work together to pilot innovative solutions, particularly in the
care economy. These pilot projects aim to test new approaches and strategies that can
further empower women entrepreneurs. By leveraging their sectoral expertise, the
organizations aim to create a supportive environment for women to thrive and succeed.
On-Ground Mobilization
The partnership involves on-ground mobilization activities to identify areas of urban
poverty and potential entrepreneurs. Through these activities, the initiative aims to
facilitate access to Business Development Services. It involves engaging with women
entrepreneurs and providing them with the necessary resources, guidance, and support
to flourish in their businesses.
Formalizing Businesses and Securing Access
Participating entrepreneurs will receive handholding support to formalize their
businesses, establish bank linkages, and secure access to finance and markets. This
comprehensive support system aims to enable women entrepreneurs to overcome
challenges and establish successful enterprises. It promotes their economic independence
and contributes to their personal growth.
Yoga's Benefits for Vasovagal Syncope Patients
A recent study conducted by the All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) has shed
light on the positive effects of yoga for patients suffering from Vasovagal syncope, a
condition characterized by a sudden drop in heart rate and blood pressure.
Understanding Vasovagal Syncope
Vasovagal syncope refers to a medical condition where individuals experience a sudden
drop in heart rate and blood pressure, leading to fainting and related complications. It is
estimated that this condition has a lifetime prevalence of 35%.
AIIMS Study and Research Findings
AIIMS conducted a study involving 55 patients recruited from their Cardiothoracic
Sciences Center. These patients, aged between 15 and 70 years, were divided into
intervention and control groups. The intervention group followed a specially designed
yoga module, focusing on postures, breathing techniques, and relaxation exercises
targeting Vasovagal syncope. The study, published in the Journal of the American College
of Cardiology, highlighted the efficacy of yoga as adjunctive therapy compared to
standard therapy alone.
Benefits of Yoga in Vasovagal Syncope Management
The AIIMS study revealed that the intervention arm, comprising patients practicing yoga,
showed significant improvements in their health condition. Yoga as an adjunctive therapy
proved superior in reducing the symptomatic burden and enhancing the overall quality of
life for patients with recurrent Vasovagal syncope. Moreover, yoga was found to be a cost-
effective and safe intervention, alleviating the economic burden associated with heart
complications.
Expanded Benefits of Yoga
Aside from its positive impact on Vasovagal syncope, yoga has also been shown to reduce
migraine attack frequency and alleviate headache intensity. AIIMS’s findings demonstrate
the potential of yoga in promoting holistic well-being and addressing various health
conditions.
FSSAI Drive to Curb Spurious Drugs
The Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) has recently issued a stern
warning to nutraceutical firms in Himachal Pradesh, emphasizing the importance of
adhering to regulations to curb the menace of spurious products. With the objective of
ensuring public health and safety, FSSAI has launched a comprehensive surveillance drive
targeting the manufacturing practices of nutraceutical companies operating across the
country.
FSSAI’s Stern Warning and the Role of NHRC
The FSSAI has played a vital role in safeguarding the quality of food and food-related
products in the country. In response to reports indicating a rise in the production of
spurious drugs disguised as food supplements in Himachal Pradesh, the FSSAI issued a
stern warning to nutraceutical firms. This warning highlights the absolute necessity for
strict compliance with nutraceutical regulations to avoid severe consequences.
Taking cognizance of the situation, the National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) has
also intervened and sent notices to the Health Ministry and the Drug Controller General of
India. The NHRC’s involvement further emphasizes the significance of this issue in
ensuring the well-being of the general public.
Surveillance Drive and Inspections
To tackle the production and distribution of spurious drugs, the FSSAI has initiated a
surveillance drive in Himachal Pradesh. The Regional Office, North, of FSSAI has been
directed to take immediate action against defaulting Food Business Operators (FBOs)
involved in the manufacturing of such drugs. In the initial phase of the drive, 21 facilities in
Baddi, Himachal Pradesh, were inspected meticulously between the 7th and 9th of June,
2023. Samples were collected during these inspections to further assess the quality and
authenticity of the products.
Future Inspections and Compliance Measures
The FSSAI plans to intensify its efforts by inspecting an additional 25-30 percent of the
nutraceuticals manufacturing facilities in Himachal Pradesh by the end of June 2023. These
inspections will help identify and rectify non-compliant practices that pose a risk to public
health.
Consequences for Non-Compliance
During a meeting with major manufacturers of health supplements and nutraceuticals in
Baddi, Himachal Pradesh, the CEO of FSSAI underlined the severe consequences for non-
compliance with nutraceutical regulations. Violators may face license suspension or
cancellation, and in some cases, criminal charges may be initiated under Section 59 of the
FSS Act 2006, which could lead to lifetime imprisonment or a fine of not less than Rs 10
lakhs.
Estonia Legalizes Same-Sex Marriage
In a significant stride towards inclusivity and equality, Estonia’s parliament has passed a
groundbreaking law legalizing same-sex marriage, making it the first ex-Soviet country to
do so. This progressive step reflects the country’s commitment to recognizing and
protecting the rights of its citizens.
Legalization of Same-Sex Marriage
Estonia’s parliament recently approved amendments to the Family Law Act, allowing two
adults to marry “regardless of their gender.” This milestone paves the way for same-sex
couples to enjoy the same legal recognition and benefits as opposite-sex couples in terms
of marriage. The amended act is scheduled to go into effect on January 1, 2024, marking
an important date for the LGBTQ+ community in Estonia.
Expanding Adoption Rights
Alongside the legalization of same-sex marriage, the amendments to the Family Law Act
also grant same-sex couples the right to adopt children. Previously, only married couples
were eligible for adoption, but now single gay, lesbian, and bisexual individuals can also
petition to adopt a child in Estonia. This change in adoption policies ensures that same-sex
couples have equal opportunities to build families and provide loving homes for children
in need.
Shifting Public Opinion
The recognition and acceptance of same-sex partnerships in Estonia have evolved over
time. Since the legal recognition of same-sex relationships in 2016 through the Registered
Partnership Act, public opinion has undergone a notable transformation. According to a
recent survey conducted by the Estonian Human Rights Centre, 53% of Estonians believe
that same-sex partners should have the right to marry each other. This marks a significant
shift from 2012 when 60% of respondents opposed marriage equality, highlighting a
growing acceptance and understanding of diverse relationships within Estonian society.
Scientists Use Quantum Computing to Simulate Black Holes and Explore Hawking Radiation
Chinese scientists have achieved a significant breakthrough in the field of astrophysics by
simulating the physics of black holes using quantum computing. This groundbreaking
research, based on Hawking radiation theory, sheds light on the behavior of black holes
and their radiative properties. The findings, published in the esteemed journal Nature
Communications, pave the way for a deeper understanding of these enigmatic cosmic
entities.
Simulating Black Holes with Quantum Computing
Led by a team of Chinese scientists, this research endeavor employed quantum
computing techniques to simulate the physics of black holes. Utilizing a superconducting
processor comprising 10 qubits, the researchers aimed to create systems with properties
analogous to black holes. By exploring the quantum effects of black holes, they sought to
gain insights into the mysterious phenomenon known as Hawking radiation.
Understanding Hawking Radiation
Hawking radiation, a theory postulated by renowned physicist Stephen Hawking,
describes the phenomenon where virtual particle pairs are created near the event horizon
of a black hole. One particle gets drawn into the black hole while the other escapes into
space as actual radiation. The Chinese researchers found that the radiation probability of
the quasiparticle inside the analogue black hole satisfied the key characteristics of
Hawking radiation, as stated by the Institute of Theoretical Physics of the Chinese
Academy of Sciences.
Unearthing Deeper Secrets about Black Holes
This pioneering research opens up new avenues for exploring the mysteries of black
holes. By successfully simulating the behavior of black holes using quantum computing,
scientists can delve deeper into their properties and gain a better understanding of these
cosmic entities. The insights gained from this study provide a foundation for further
investigations and advancements in the field of astrophysics.
Formation of Black Holes
When stars reach the end of their lives, they undergo transformations depending on their
mass. Stars larger than our Sun transform into super-dense neutron stars or stellar-mass
black holes. This insight helps contextualize the significance of studying black holes and
their behavior.
June 23, 2023
BIS Standards for Biodegradable Agri By-Product Utensils
The Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) has introduced a significant standard, IS 18267:
2023, for food serving utensils made from agri by-products. This standard aims to reduce
plastic pollution, promote sustainability, and bring numerous benefits to various
stakeholders.
Reducing Plastic Pollution and Promoting Sustainability
IS 18267: 2023 sets out to tackle the pressing issue of plastic pollution by encouraging the
use of biodegradable agri by-product utensils. These utensils offer multiple advantages,
including environmental safety, conservation of natural resources, and the promotion of a
circular economy. By reducing dependence on single-use plastics, these utensils pave the
way for a more sustainable future.
Economic Opportunities for Farmers
One of the key benefits of this standard is the creation of economic opportunities for
farmers. By utilizing agricultural by-products, such as leaves and sheaths, as preferred
materials for utensil production, farmers can generate additional income. This promotes a
symbiotic relationship between the agricultural and manufacturing sectors, supporting
sustainable agricultural practices and contributing to rural development.
Market Potential and Manufacturer Benefits
The market potential for biodegradable utensils is promising. The projected market size
for disposable plates alone is estimated to reach USD 6.73 Billion by 2028. Large-scale and
Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises (MSME) level manufacturers stand to benefit
significantly from this standard. The demand for biodegradable cutlery is consistently
rising, providing ample opportunities for manufacturers to meet the market’s needs.
Recommended Manufacturing Techniques and Key Requirements
IS 18267: 2023 outlines preferred manufacturing techniques such as hot pressing, cold
pressing, moulding, and stitching. These techniques ensure the production of quality
utensils with smooth surfaces and non-sharp edges. The standard also emphasizes the
prohibition of harmful chemicals, resins, and adhesives, ensuring consumer safety and
well-being.
Uniformity in Quality Requirements
A fundamental objective of the standard is to establish uniformity in quality requirements
across the country. By providing comprehensive guidelines, IS 18267: 2023 ensures that
manufacturers and consumers adhere to consistent standards. This promotes consumer
confidence, enhances the reputation of biodegradable utensils, and fosters a competitive
and responsible market.
Summit on New Global Financial Pact
France is taking the lead in hosting the Summit for a New Global Financing Pact on 22 and
23 June 2023. With over 300 high-level participants, including Heads of State and
Government, international organizations, and representatives of civil society and the
private sector, this summit aims to collectively address crucial challenges such as fighting
inequalities, climate change, and protecting biodiversity.
Rethinking Global Financial Architecture
The primary purpose of the Summit for a New Global Financing Pact is to initiate a
collective effort to reconsider the global financial architecture. The goal is to propose
concrete solutions that foster a fairer and more responsive global financial system. By
gathering diverse stakeholders, the summit aims to establish a platform for fruitful
discussions and collaboration.
Round Tables and Key Discussions
The summit will feature six round tables, providing an opportunity for participants to
engage in in-depth conversations on various topics. One of the key issues to be discussed
is debt sustainability. This will involve examining ways to alleviate the burden of public
debt, particularly for developing countries facing high risks of excessive debt.
Goals for Development and Climate Change
The Summit for a New Global Financing Pact aligns with broader development and climate
change objectives. Participants will work towards achieving the Sustainable Development
Goals (SDGs), financing the energy transition, adapting to climate change, and preserving
biodiversity. These goals emphasize the importance of sustainable practices and the
urgent need to address environmental concerns.
Importance of International Solidarity
Amidst a growing number of crises, international solidarity has become more critical than
ever. The summit recognizes the significance of supporting vulnerable countries and
ensuring their resilience. By fostering cooperation and collaboration, the international
community can collectively address challenges and promote equitable development.
Establishing a Robust Financial Architecture
The aim of establishing a robust international financial architecture is multi-fold. It seeks
to provide greater resources to countries in need, protect vulnerable nations from shocks,
and restore the long-term trend of poverty reduction. This includes mobilizing financial
support for initiatives related to the energy transition, climate change adaptation, and
biodiversity conservation.
State of the Climate in Europe 2022
The State of the Climate in Europe 2022 report sheds light on the impact of weather-
related disruptions on global nuclear energy generation.
Weather-Related Production Losses and Global Nuclear Energy Generation
According to the report, weather-related production losses accounted for approximately
0.35% of global nuclear energy generation in 2022. Although this percentage seems
relatively small, it signifies the vulnerability of nuclear power plants to adverse weather
conditions.
Comparing Weather-Related Nuclear Power Interruptions
In relation to total nuclear outages globally, weather-related nuclear power interruptions
constitute a small share. This suggests that while weather-related disruptions occur, they
are not the primary cause of nuclear outages on a global scale.
Increasing Disruptions and Steep Inclines
Over the past three decades, disruptions to nuclear power plants due to extreme weather
conditions have increased. The report highlights two periods, namely 2003-2006 and
2010-2018, where disruptions experienced the steepest inclines. This trend underscores
the growing challenges faced by nuclear power plants in the face of changing weather
patterns.
Rivers, Lakes, and Associated Risks
Around 60% of weather-related nuclear production losses since 2017 were associated with
plants located near rivers or lakes. The report suggests that these locations are more
prone to flooding, highlighting the need for appropriate measures to address such risks.
The Importance of Water in Nuclear Power Plants
High water requirements in nuclear power plants serve a crucial purpose. The National
Resource Defense Council explains that water is necessary to prevent overheating of
fission products in the core and spent nuclear fuel. This emphasizes the critical role of
water in maintaining the safety and efficiency of nuclear power plants.
Water-Cooled Reactors and Planned Expansion
Based on information from the International Atomic Energy Agency, an overwhelming
96% of currently operating nuclear reactors are water-cooled. Additionally, the State of the
Climate 2022 report reveals that the majority of the 100 Gigawatts of nuclear capacity
currently under construction or planned are located on the seacoast. This choice of
location helps mitigate some cooling water-related issues.
Increasing Risks and the Fukushima Daiichi Lesson
The report highlights low river flows, increasing temperatures, and heat extremes as
major factors contributing to the rising risks faced by nuclear power plants. It emphasizes
the importance of incorporating adaptation provisions and safety revisions to address the
challenges posed by climate change. The Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident
in 2011 serves as a lesson, underscoring the necessity of adequate preparation to prevent
such incidents in the future.
Unusual Behavior of Western Disturbances in India
In recent years, western disturbances, cyclonic storms originating from the Mediterranean
region, have been exhibiting unusual behavior in India.
Unusual Behavior and Lengthy Journey
Western disturbances have been displaying unusual behavior in India for at least three
years. These cyclonic storms travel an astonishing distance of over 9,000 km to bring
winter rains to northwest India. However, since 2019, winter rainfall across the country has
witnessed a predominantly dry trend, leading to concerns for the agricultural sector.
The Anomalous May
May 2023 was a notable month for northern India as it experienced intense rainfall along
with below-normal temperatures. The region received 175% more rainfall than normal,
contributing to a unique climatic scenario. The deviation in weather patterns during this
month primarily impacted rabi crops, particularly the harvest and marketing of wheat
grains, resulting in losses for farmers.
Examining Western Disturbances in Solan
Researchers at Dr Y S Parmar University of Horticulture & Forestry in Solan, Himachal
Pradesh, have studied the behavior of western disturbances in the region. Their analysis
spanning five decades reveals significant changes in the duration and onset of these
weather events.
Changing Duration and Onset
Between 1971 and 2021, the average duration of a western disturbance in Solan, which
typically lasts for 139 days from October to May, has been decreasing at a rate of 0.29 days
per year. Additionally, the onset of these disturbances has advanced by 0.19 days per year,
while their withdrawal has been delayed by 0.11 days per year. These alterations in timing
have notable consequences for agricultural practices in regions dependent on rainfall.
Impact on Crop Sowing and Harvesting
The changing onset and withdrawal of western disturbances have a direct impact on crop
sowing and harvesting. Variations in the timing of these weather events can lead to
irregularities in crop sowing, delayed harvests, and increased vulnerability to excess
rainfall. This especially affects regions lacking irrigation facilities and relying heavily on
rainfall for agricultural activities.
Insights from Other Studies
Similar trends have been observed in other parts of India. A study by scientists from
Punjab Agricultural University noted a lower number of western disturbances in
November and a higher number in May in Punjab. These findings emphasize the need for
further investigation into the evolving behavior of these weather systems.
Paper-based Supercapacitor Made From Seaweed
Scientists at Gujarat Energy Research and Management Institute (GERMI) have made a
breakthrough in energy storage technology with the development of the thinnest,
lightweight, and biodegradable paper-based supercapacitor. This innovative device,
derived from seaweed, offers several advantages in terms of its characteristics and
potential applications.
Characteristics of a Supercapacitor
Supercapacitors are known for their fast charging/discharging cycle, high power density,
and longer lifecycle. These electrochemical charge storage devices provide efficient and
reliable energy storage solutions.
Seaweed as the Key Material
The researchers utilized seaweed, a marine macroalgae, to create the paper-based
supercapacitor. By extracting cellulose nanofibers from seaweed and reducing them into
graphene oxide and zinc oxide, they achieved a material with high tensile strength,
performance, and cost-effectiveness.
Applications and Business Prospects
The paper supercapacitor holds immense potential in various industries. It can be
integrated into electronics, memory backup systems, airbags, heavy machines, electric
vehicles, and more. This wide range of applications offers significant business prospects
and paves the way for sustainable energy storage solutions.
Coastal Communities and Revenue Generation
The seaweed-based material used in the supercapacitor opens up new opportunities for
coastal communities. As seaweed is an essential component for manufacturing the paper
supercapacitor, cultivating seaweed can serve as a potential revenue source for these
communities, providing economic benefits while promoting sustainable practices.
Cellulose as an Ideal Material
Cellulose, found abundantly in seaweed, is well-suited for manufacturing paper-based
energy storage devices. It acts as an insulating material that can be coated with
conductive materials, enabling the creation of efficient and eco-friendly energy storage
systems. This utilization of cellulose contributes to a greener and more sustainable
approach to energy storage.
Research Location and Performance Testing
The scientists conducted their research at Gujarat Energy Research and Management
Institute (GERMI), where they collected green seaweeds from the Porbandar coast in
Gujarat. The developed supercapacitor device underwent rigorous testing, enduring 6,000
cycles without any noticeable degradation in performance.
Lightning Activity in the European Eastern Alps
Lightning activity in the European Eastern Alps has undergone significant changes
between the 1980s and the 2010s, serving as an indicator of the climate crisis.
Changing Lightning Activity in the European Eastern Alps
A recent study examining lightning activity in the European Eastern Alps reveals a
doubling trend between the 1980s and the 2010s. This surge in lightning occurrences
signifies a notable transformation in the region’s weather patterns.
Significance of Lightning Activity as a Climate Crisis Indicator
Lightning activity, while not directly causing climate change, is influenced by climate
dynamics. The increased frequency of thunderstorms and lightning activity suggests a
correlation with climate change, serving as an important indicator of changing weather
patterns and atmospheric conditions in the European Eastern Alps.
Geographical Distribution of Lightning Strikes
The higher Alps experience a higher concentration of lightning strikes compared to other
areas in the region. The unique topography of the mountainous regions contributes to
this phenomenon, making them more susceptible to thunderstorms and subsequent
lightning activity.
Shift in Lightning Season
The lightning season in the higher Alps typically begins a month earlier than in previous
years. This shift in timing indicates changing weather patterns and may be related to
climate change and altered atmospheric conditions.
Timing of Peak Lightning Activity
Afternoon and evening hours witness a peak in lightning activity in the higher Alps. This
highlights the importance of taking precautionary measures during outdoor activities and
ensuring the resilience of infrastructure in the region.
Potential Harms Caused by Lightning Strikes
Cloud-to-ground lightning strikes can lead to power outages, pose fire hazards, and cause
injuries to individuals. These immediate damages necessitate awareness and
precautionary measures during thunderstorm events.
Additional Impacts of Lightning on the Environment
Beyond immediate damages, lightning strikes contribute to the injection of air pollutants
such as nitrogen oxides (NOx) and ozone into the atmosphere. This can worsen air
pollution levels. Moreover, lightning poses threats to permafrost, potentially impacting
the delicate balance of high-altitude ecosystems.
Research Methodology
Researchers established the trend of thunderstorm occurrence by analyzing the annual
average number of days with thunderstorms since 1979. This comprehensive analysis
provided insights into the doubling of lightning activity in the higher European Eastern
Alps.
Vulnerability of Mountainous Areas to Thunderstorms
Mountainous areas, including the European Eastern Alps, are more prone to
thunderstorms due to their unique topography. The complex terrain, characterized by
varying elevations and slopes, enhances the lifting and cooling of air masses, leading to
the formation of convective storms and increased lightning activity.
Climate Change Predictions
Climate change predictions suggest that anomalies like increased lightning activity will
become more common in a warming world. As the climate continues to change,
alterations in temperature, humidity, and atmospheric conditions are expected to
contribute to the intensification of thunderstorm events, potentially amplifying lightning
activity in the European Eastern Alps.
The Link between Earthquakes and Cosmic Radiation
Scientists from the Institute of Nuclear Physics of the Polish Academy of Sciences (IFJ PAN)
in Krakow, Poland, have made a significant discovery regarding the correlation between
earthquakes and changes in cosmic radiation intensity.
Unveiling the Link between Earthquakes and Cosmic Radiation
Researchers have identified a compelling link between earthquakes and changes in the
intensity of cosmic radiation measured on Earth’s surface. This discovery opens up new
possibilities for earthquake prediction and understanding the complex interactions
between cosmic phenomena and geological events.
Predictive Potential of Cosmic Ray Data
The research suggests that cosmic ray data shifted 15 days forward relative to seismic
data could potentially aid in predicting earthquakes up to two weeks in advance. This
insight offers valuable time for preparedness and response measures.
The Cosmic Ray Extremely Distributed Observatory (CREDO) Project
The Institute of Nuclear Physics of the Polish Academy of Sciences (IFJ PAN) initiated the
Cosmic Ray Extremely Distributed Observatory (CREDO) project in 2016. This international
project provides a virtual cosmic ray observatory accessible to all. It aggregates and
processes data from various detectors, including smartphone sensors transformed into
cosmic ray detectors through a simple app.
Primary Source of Cosmic Radiation
The primary source of cosmic radiation is mainly from the Sun and deep space. These
high-energy particles permeate the universe and interact with Earth’s atmosphere and
magnetic field.
The Role of Earth’s Magnetic Field
Earth’s magnetic field, generated by eddy currents in the planet’s liquid core, plays a
significant role in altering the trajectory of charged particles in primary cosmic radiation.
This magnetic field influences the path and behavior of cosmic rays as they reach Earth’s
surface.
Correlations on a Global Scale
Location-specific analyses do not reveal clear correlations between cosmic ray intensity
and earthquakes. However, when seismic activity is taken into account on a global scale,
these correlations become more noticeable. This suggests that changes in cosmic ray
intensity may be a phenomenon experienced by the entire planet.
The Intriguing Mention of Dark Matter Streams
The study raises thought-provoking inquiries regarding how phenomena such as dark
matter streams might impact fluctuations in cosmic ray intensity. Dark matter, a
mysterious form of matter that does not interact with light, could potentially have an
impact on cosmic radiation patterns.
Climate Change Threatens Lake Victoria Basin
The Lake Victoria Basin (LVB) in East Africa faces significant threats from heavy rains, wind
storms, and floods, leading to adverse consequences for the region’s communities and
endemic biodiversity. A recent scientific report published in the journal Nature has shed
light on the precipitation changes occurring in the LVB and the projected impacts of
climate change on this sensitive area.
Threats to the Lake Victoria Basin
The LVB, encompassing East Africa, is particularly vulnerable to heavy rains, wind storms,
and floods, posing risks to the survival and water access of the communities residing in
the region. These extreme climate events have significant consequences for both the
large human populations and the unique biodiversity of the area.
Scientific Report and Precipitation Changes
The scientific report, published in the journal Nature, delves into the precipitation changes
in the LVB. It highlights the presence of significant alterations in precipitation patterns
and an increasing frequency of extreme climate events in the near future, further
exacerbating the challenges faced by the region.
Extent of the Lake Victoria Basin
The LVB covers five countries: Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Burundi, and Rwanda. With a
population of 40 million, the communities in these countries are heavily affected by
extreme weather events, particularly recurring flooding that poses a severe threat to their
livelihoods and well-being.
Seasonal Rainfall Patterns
The LVB experiences two main rainy seasons. March to May is the period when the
extended rainy season takes place, whereas the shorter rainy season typically spans from
October to December. These seasons play a crucial role in the hydrological cycle and
water availability in the region.
Role of the Kagera River
The Kagera River, flowing through Rwanda and Burundi before emptying into Lake
Victoria, serves as the largest contributor to the lake’s water recharge. Regional rainfall,
facilitated by the river, plays a vital role in regulating the water levels of Lake Victoria.
Future Precipitation Projections
The report suggests that future precipitation changes in the LVB will occur at the sub-
seasonal scale rather than annually or seasonally. Mean daily precipitation intensity is
projected to increase by 16 percent by the end of the century. Additionally, in the 2050s,
precipitation is expected to increase by approximately five percent relative to the baseline
period.
Impacts on Endemic Biodiversity
The LVB’s rich biodiversity faces significant threats due to climate change. According to
the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), 76 percent of the lake’s
endemic biodiversity is at risk of extinction. The changing precipitation patterns and
associated ecological disruptions further compound the challenges faced by this unique
ecosystem.
PM-Kisan Mobile App with Face Authentication Feature
In a significant development, the government has launched a new face authentication
feature in the PM-Kisan app, making it the first central welfare scheme to adopt such
technology. Agriculture Minister Narendra Singh Tomar unveiled the feature, aimed at
simplifying the e-KYC process for beneficiary farmers.
Simplifying E-KYC with Face Authentication
The newly introduced face authentication feature in the PM-Kisan app allows beneficiary
farmers to complete their e-KYC process by simply scanning their faces on their mobile
phones. This user-friendly method eliminates the need for one-time passwords or
fingerprints, making the process more accessible and efficient.
Successful E-KYC Completion
Since its implementation in May 2021, the face authentication feature has facilitated the e-
KYC process for 3 lakh farmers. This milestone showcases the positive impact of the
technology, which ensures that farmers can easily complete their verification without any
hassle.
Replacing Biometrics and OTPs
Previously, e-KYC for PM-Kisan beneficiaries relied on biometrics or one-time passwords
(OTPs) sent to mobile phone numbers linked with Aadhaar. However, officials
encountered challenges during the process, such as farmers’ mobile numbers not being
linked to Aadhaar or issues with biometric matching. The face authentication feature
addresses these concerns and provides a convenient alternative.
Enhancing Accessibility with Bhashini
In addition to the face authentication feature, the PM-Kisan scheme is integrating with
Bhashini, the government’s National Public Digital Platform for languages. This
integration aims to provide farmers with information in their native language, ensuring
wider accessibility and understanding of the scheme’s benefits and updates.
Financial Assistance to PM-Kisan Beneficiaries
Under the PM-Kisan scheme, eligible farmers receive financial assistance of Rs 6,000 per
year in three equal installments. This support aims to uplift farmers and their families,
contributing to their economic well-being and agricultural sustainability.
Impressive Participation and Outreach
According to the Agriculture Ministry, more than 11 crore farmers have availed the PM-
Kisan scheme, and an amount of Rs 2.42 lakh crore has been successfully transferred to
their bank accounts. This highlights the wide-reaching impact of the scheme in supporting
farmers across the country.
TRAI Consultation Paper on “Encouraging Innovative Technologies, Services, Use Cases, and
Business Models through Regulatory Sandbox in Digital Communication Sector”
The Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) has released a Consultation Paper
focusing on encouraging innovative technologies, services, use cases, and business
models through a regulatory sandbox in the digital communication sector.
Promoting Innovation through Regulatory Sandboxes
Regulatory bodies establish sandbox frameworks to create controlled environments that
facilitate the testing of new concepts, encouraging innovation while ensuring economic
resilience and consumer protection. These frameworks serve as a launchpad for
experimenting with groundbreaking ideas in a regulated setting.
Technological Revolution in the Digital Communication Sector
The digital communication sector is witnessing a significant transformation driven by
technologies such as Artificial Intelligence, the Internet of Things, edge computing, and
more. These cutting-edge advancements are revolutionizing the way we connect, interact,
and access information, necessitating an environment that fosters the development and
deployment of innovative technologies and business models.
Benefits for the Telecom Startup Ecosystem
The introduction of a regulatory sandbox provides startups in the telecom industry with
an opportunity to test their concepts and applications in a real-time network environment.
By accessing relevant data and resources, they can evaluate the reliability and
effectiveness of their solutions before introducing them to the market. This enhances the
startup ecosystem’s chances of success by minimizing risks and optimizing product
offerings.
Cross-Sectoral Collaboration for Clearance
A key objective of the regulatory sandbox is to encourage collaboration with other
ministries and departments. This collaboration ensures that startups can obtain the
necessary clearances and permissions required for conducting tests and trials. By
providing a single window for clearances, the sandbox framework streamlines the
process, facilitating efficient cross-sectoral collaboration.
Elements Covered in the Draft Sandbox Framework
The draft sandbox framework proposed by TRAI encompasses various crucial aspects. It
defines the goals and scope of the sandbox, outlines participant eligibility requirements,
details prerequisites for applicants, specifies the application evaluation criteria, describes
the approval process, addresses waivers or modifications to rules, determines the validity
period, establishes provisions for revocation of permission, highlights reporting
mechanisms, addresses the oversight body, and emphasizes funding of innovation for
societal growth.
US NIST Launches Public Working Group for AI Technologies
The United States National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has initiated a
public working group dedicated to tackling the challenges and risks associated with
Artificial Intelligence (AI).
Addressing Risks in Generative AI
NIST’s working group aims to develop guidance and strategies to effectively address the
risks linked to generative AI technologies. With the rapid advancement of AI, it has
become imperative to comprehensively understand the potential risks associated with
generative AI and take appropriate measures to mitigate them.
Inclusive Participation of Qualified Individuals
Qualified members of the public are invited to participate in this crucial endeavor. NIST
recognizes the importance of diverse perspectives and expertise in formulating effective
guidelines and frameworks for managing risks in generative AI.
Focusing on Generative AI
The working group’s specific area of focus is generative AI, particularly the intricate
aspects of generating diverse types of content, including code, text, images, videos, and
music. By delving into the nuances of generative AI, the group aims to gain
comprehensive insights into potential risks and challenges.
Volunteers’ Role in Testing and Evaluation
Volunteers from both public and private sectors will play an essential role in the working
group. They will contribute their expertise by assisting in testing, evaluation, and
measurement activities related to generative AI. Their involvement will help ensure a
comprehensive understanding of the risks and potential impact of generative AI
technologies.
Exploring Opportunities for Generative AI
In addition to addressing risks, the working group will explore the vast opportunities
presented by generative AI. They will delve into how this technology can be harnessed to
address challenges in critical areas such as health, environment, and climate change. By
exploring these opportunities, the group aims to unlock the transformative potential of
generative AI for societal benefits.
NIST’s Motivation for Establishing the Group
NIST considers the working group necessary due to the unprecedented speed, scale, and
potential impact of generative AI on various industries and society at large. By proactively
addressing risks and challenges, NIST aims to ensure that generative AI can be effectively
integrated into diverse sectors while safeguarding public interest.
Development of Tools for Risk Management
Through the collaborative efforts of the working group, NIST seeks to develop tools that
enhance understanding and management of risks associated with generative AI. These
tools will provide valuable insights, guidelines, and frameworks to enable stakeholders to
navigate the complex landscape of generative AI technologies securely.
UK Treasury Grants Equivalence to RBI-Authorized Clearing Houses
The United Kingdom Treasury has recently made a significant decision to accord
equivalence to central counterparties authorized by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI). This
move marks a crucial step in resolving a regulatory tussle between the RBI and overseas
authorities.
Resolving a Regulatory Tussle
The decision by the UK Treasury to grant equivalence to RBI-authorized clearing houses
represents a significant milestone in addressing the regulatory conflict between the RBI
and foreign regulatory bodies. This resolution offers a path forward for cooperation and
collaboration in the realm of financial market infrastructures.
Compliance with International Standards
The RBI’s regulatory framework aligns with the Principles on Financial Market
Infrastructures (PFMIs). This alignment ensures that the designated central counterparty
clearing houses in India adhere to international best practices and standards in their
operations.
Effective Date of Equivalence
The regulations granting equivalence to RBI-authorized clearing houses are set to come
into effect on June 28. This timeframe allows for a seamless transition and paves the way
for enhanced cooperation between Indian entities and their international counterparts.
The Role of Clearing Corporation of India (CCIL)
The CCIL, under the supervision of the RBI, serves as a central counterparty for Indian
government bonds and overnight indexed swaps. Its de-recognition by European
authorities in October 2022 was due to the RBI’s decision to protect the rights of
inspection and audit over the Indian clearing house by overseas regulators.
First CCP Equivalence Decision Post-Brexit
The UK’s equivalence decision in relation to RBI-authorized clearing houses holds
particular significance as it is the first decision of its kind made after the UK’s exit from the
European Union. This decision highlights the commitment to the India-UK strategic
partnership and recognizes the compliance of Indian central counterparties with
international best practices.
IIT Kanpur Conducts Test Flight for Cloud Seeding
The Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur (IITK) has recently undertaken a significant test
flight with the aim of cloud seeding. Cloud seeding is a process that involves the
introduction of various chemical agents into clouds to enhance the chances of
precipitation.
Combating Dry Conditions and Air Pollution
The primary purpose of the test flight conducted by IIT Kanpur was to explore cloud
seeding as a potential solution to combat dry conditions and air pollution. The technique
involves modifying atmospheric conditions to encourage rainfall and improve air quality.
Utilization of Chemical Agents
Cloud seeding entails the application of various chemical agents like silver iodide, dry ice,
common salt, and other substances. These agents are introduced into clouds to facilitate
the formation of raindrops and increase the probability of precipitation.
Approval from Aviation Authority
The modifications made to the aircraft for cloud seeding received approval from the
Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA). This regulatory approval ensures the safety
and compliance of the aircraft during the test flight and potential future operations.
Procurement of Cloud Seeding Attachments
The cloud seeding attachments used in the test flight were procured from a manufacturer
based in the United States. These attachments are essential for the effective dispersal of
the chemical agents into the clouds.
Dispersion Method
During the test flight, the chemical agents were spread using a flare, which is a common
practice in cloud seeding experiments. This method allows for controlled and targeted
dissemination of the agents.
Altitude and Landing
The test flight reached an approximate height of 5000 feet. It took off from the IIT Kanpur
Flight Lab airstrip and safely returned after completing the test ride.
La Roche-Cotard
La Roche-Cotard, located in Indre-et-Loire, France, is an archaeological site that has
captivated researchers and enthusiasts alike. This ancient cave, discovered in January
1912, holds significant historical and cultural importance, shedding light on the artistic
capabilities of our Neanderthal ancestors.
The Notable Site and Its Discovery
La Roche-Cotard is nestled in the picturesque region of Indre-et-Loire, France. It gained
prominence when it was discovered in January 1912 by a team of archaeologists. The site
quickly became a focal point for researchers due to its intriguing features and historical
significance.
The Mask of La Roche-Cotard
One of the most striking discoveries at La Roche-Cotard is the Mask of La Roche-Cotard, a
remarkable proto-figurine. This notable feature, crafted by the hands of Neanderthals,
provides a glimpse into their artistic expression and symbolic significance. It stands as a
testament to the advanced cognitive abilities of our ancient relatives.
Finger-Flutings and Markings
The cave walls of La Roche-Cotard hold a mesmerizing array of non-figurative markings.
These markings, identified as finger-flutings, were meticulously made by human hands.
They reveal a level of sophistication and creativity previously unknown in Neanderthal
culture. The intricate patterns and deliberate strokes hint at the complex nature of their
symbolic communication.
Dating the Cave’s Closure
Researchers sought to determine the age of La Roche-Cotard’s closure to gain insights
into the timeline of Neanderthal activity. Through the application of optically-stimulated
luminescence dating, the sediments within the cave were analyzed. The results indicated
that the closure occurred over 57,000 years ago, possibly dating back as far as 75,000
years. These findings establish La Roche-Cotard as the oldest decorated cave in France,
and potentially in all of Europe.
Mousterian Stone Tools
The stone tools found in association with La Roche-Cotard are attributed to the
Mousterian technology, which is closely associated with Neanderthals. This suggests their
advanced craftsmanship and ingenuity in creating specialized tools for various purposes.
The presence of such tools further supports the notion that Neanderthals possessed a rich
and diverse cultural repertoire.
Complexity of Neanderthal Culture
The existence of similar-age cave engravings made by Homo sapiens raises intriguing
questions about the complexity and diversity of Neanderthal culture. The discoveries at La
Roche-Cotard strongly indicate that the behavior and activities of Neanderthals were
equally sophisticated and multifaceted. This challenges previous assumptions that
Neanderthals were less culturally advanced than their Homo sapiens counterparts.
Unraveling Neanderthal Artistic Expression
While our understanding of Neanderthal culture continues to expand, one aspect that
remains relatively elusive is their symbolic and artistic expression. La Roche-Cotard
provides crucial evidence that Neanderthals possessed the capacity for creativity and
symbolic communication. The engravings found within the cave illuminate the richness of
their cultural heritage, highlighting the importance of further exploration and research in
this area.
Air Independent Propulsion (AIP) System Modules
Larsen & Toubro (L&T) and the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO)
recently signed a significant contract for the realization of two Air Independent Propulsion
(AIP) System Modules. This breakthrough in submarine technology aims to extend the
endurance of conventional submarines, enhancing their operational capabilities.
Collaboration for Enhanced Capabilities
The contract for the realization of two AIP System Modules was signed by L&T and DRDO,
marking a significant milestone in the development of submarine technology. By
leveraging their expertise and resources, the collaboration aims to enhance the
performance and endurance of the Kalvari Class submarines.
Developed by Naval Materials Research Laboratory
The fuel cell-based AIP system, a core component of the modules, was developed by the
Naval Materials Research Laboratory (NMRL) of DRDO. This indigenous technology
represents a remarkable achievement in the field of submarine propulsion. It is a
testament to the scientific prowess and innovative spirit of the research team.
Manufacturing and Integration at AM Naik Heavy Engineering Complex
The Energy Modules (EMs), comprising fuel cells that produce the required power, will
undergo manufacturing, integration, and factory acceptance trials at the AM Naik Heavy
Engineering Complex located in Surat. This state-of-the-art facility provides a conducive
environment for the development and testing of advanced submarine technologies.
On-Demand Hydrogen Generation
One of the unique features of the indigenous AIP system technology is its ability to
generate hydrogen on demand. This eliminates the need to carry hydrogen onboard,
addressing a significant safety concern for submarines. Moreover, this green technology
produces non-polluted water as a by-product, which can be safely released into the
oceans.
Transfer of Technology and Partnership
The Transfer of Technology (ToT) for the AIP system was handed over to L&T by Defence
Minister Rajnath Singh during Aero India 2021. This transfer signifies a strategic
partnership between DRDO and L&T, paving the way for further advancements and
collaborations in the field of submarine technology.
Collaboration with Naval Group of France
In addition to the contract with L&T, DRDO has signed an agreement with Naval Group of
France, the manufacturer of Scorpene class submarines. This agreement aims to fit the
indigenous fuel cell-based AIP system on INS Kalvari, the first Scorpene class submarine,
during its upcoming refit in late 2024 or early 2025. Furthermore, AIP modules are planned
to be installed on all six Scorpene submarines built under Project-75.
Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike (BBMP) Restructuring Committee
In a bid to streamline administration and improve governance in Bengaluru, the Bruhat
Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike (BBMP) Restructuring Committee was reconvened on June
12. The objective of this move, spearheaded by the Congress party, is to split the BBMP
into multiple corporations for enhanced ease of administration.
Reconvening the BBMP Restructuring Committee
The BBMP Restructuring Committee, which initially recommended splitting the BBMP into
multiple corporations, was reconvened after a gap of several years. In 2015, the
committee’s recommendations were hindered by civic polls and political opposition from
the BJP and JD(S) parties. However, with the Congress government currently in power in
Karnataka, there is renewed determination to bring back the committee and implement
its proposed reforms.
Objective: Ease of Administration
The primary objective of splitting the BBMP into multiple corporations is to facilitate ease
of administration. With Bengaluru’s rapid growth and increasing complexity, managing
the city’s affairs under a single corporation has become challenging. By creating multiple
corporations, the administration can focus on specific geographic areas, leading to better
governance and more efficient delivery of services.
The Three-Tier Governance Framework
The proposed three-tier governance framework seeks to revamp Bengaluru’s governance
structure. At the highest level is the Greater Bengaluru Authority (GBA), which will serve as
the overarching body responsible for integrating the governance of multiple corporations
and parastatals. The second tier comprises Municipal Corporations (MC) or Mayor in
Council, which will handle local administration within specific regions. The third tier
consists of Wards, with each ward having its own committee to address local issues and
ensure citizen participation.
Roles and Powers of Ward Committees
The Ward Committees play a crucial role in the proposed governance framework. Each
Ward Committee is comprised of 20 members, half of whom are elected based on
proportional representation, while the other half are nominated from civil society. They
will prepare long-term ward vision plans, annual development plans, and budgets. Ward
Committees will also be consulted on changes in land use and empowered to execute,
supervise, and audit local projects. This decentralization aims to empower citizens and
address neighborhood-specific concerns effectively.
Empowering Mayor-in-Council and Greater Bengaluru Authority
Under the Mayor-in-Council system, the executive powers of the Municipal Corporation
will be vested in the Mayor-in-Council, consisting of the Mayor, Deputy Mayor, and 10
other members. This collective responsibility ensures efficient decision-making and
accountability at the municipal level. Meanwhile, the Greater Bengaluru Authority (GBA),
envisioned as the pan-city body, will integrate governance across multiple corporations
and parastatals. It will include representatives from various civic agencies and experts in
urban governance.
Chiral Bose-liquid State
Emerging research in the field of quantum physics has brought forth the possibility of an
entirely new state of matter called the chiral bose-liquid state. Unlike the familiar solid,
liquid, and gas states, this state arises at extremely low temperatures approaching
absolute zero.
Understanding the Usual States of Matter
In everyday life, matter exists in three primary states: solid, liquid, and gas. These states
are familiar and follow well-established rules of behavior. However, at temperatures
nearing absolute zero, matter enters the realm of quantum physics, where its behavior
becomes vastly different from what we experience in our macroscopic world.
Exploring Frustrated Quantum Systems
Frustrated quantum systems are intriguing phenomena in which the interaction of
particles gives rise to infinite possibilities. One example mentioned in the research is a bi-
layer semiconducting device. In this device, the top layer is electron-rich, while the bottom
layer contains “holes” for electrons to occupy. When the two layers are brought into close
proximity, a local imbalance is created, leading to the emergence of the chiral bose-liquid
state.
The Chiral Bose-Liquid State and Electron Behavior
Within the chiral bose-liquid state, electrons exhibit unique properties and behaviors.
Electrons can be frozen into predictable patterns, making them highly organized and
synchronized. Furthermore, their spin, a defining characteristic of subatomic particles,
becomes resilient to changes in this state. These distinct features open up intriguing
possibilities for future research and practical applications.
Potential Applications in Digital Encryption
The creation of such novel states of matter holds promise for various applications,
including the development of advanced digital encryption systems. The predictable
patterns and synchronized movements of electrons within the chiral bose-liquid state
could potentially be harnessed to enhance the security and efficiency of data encryption
techniques. This could pave the way for groundbreaking advancements in information
security and cryptography.
Dragon Boat Festival
Today’s Google Doodle honors the Dragon Boat Festival, a vibrant and culturally
significant event celebrated on the fifth day of the fifth month in the Chinese lunar
calendar. This festival is filled with fascinating traditions and holds great importance in
Chinese culture.
The Festive Traditions
The Dragon Boat Festival is synonymous with several customs and activities. One notable
tradition is the consumption of zongzi, delectable rice dumplings wrapped in bamboo
leaves. These delicious treats are filled with a variety of ingredients and hold deep cultural
significance during the festival.
Another notable practice is carrying sachets filled with herbs and plants known to repel
bugs. This ritual is believed to protect against insects and pests, considering that the
festival falls during an unlucky and pest-prone month in the Chinese lunar calendar.
Eggs and Good Luck
An intriguing aspect of the Dragon Boat Festival is the egg-balancing challenge. Balancing
an egg on its end at noon during the festival is thought to bring good luck for an entire
year. This engaging activity adds an element of fun and anticipation to the festival
celebrations.
Dragon Boat Racing: A Spectacle of Unity
Dragon boat racing stands as the centerpiece of the Dragon Boat Festival. This
exhilarating tradition traces its origins back to the third century BCE and commemorates
the renowned Chinese poet, Qu Yuan. Legend has it that locals raced in boats to find and
save Qu Yuan, but when they couldn’t, they tossed sticky rice dumplings into the water to
prevent fish from consuming his body.
Dragon boat races feature long, colorful wooden boats adorned with dragon heads and
tails. Each boat accommodates a team of paddlers and a drummer in the front, whose
energetic beats synchronize the rowers’ strokes. This spirited event promotes unity,
teamwork, and communication among the team members, symbolizing the spirit of the
festival itself.
Preserving Heritage and Fostering Unity
Beyond its festive nature, the Dragon Boat Festival holds great cultural significance. It
serves as a vessel for preserving the rich cultural heritage of the Chinese nation. The
festival allows people from diverse ethnic backgrounds to come together and celebrate
the old customs and traditions passed down through generations.
Prime Minister Modi's Gifts to President Biden and First Lady Jill Biden
During the State Visit, Prime Minister Narendra Modi presented President Joe Biden and
First Lady Jill Biden with special gifts. These gifts not only reflect India’s rich cultural
heritage but also symbolize the warm relationship between the two nations.
Prime Minister Modi’s Gift to President Biden
Prime Minister Modi gifted a handcrafted sandalwood box with ‘das danam’ to President
Joe Biden. ‘Das danam’ represents the ten donations made on the occasion of completing
the age of eighty years and eight months. This thoughtful gesture commemorates the
remarkable journey of President Biden and celebrates the experience of human life. The
box contains symbolic items that represent each donation.
A Symbolic Silver Coconut
Inside the handcrafted silver box, a delicate silver coconut takes the place of a cow,
symbolizing the donation of a cow (Gaudaan). Skilled artisans from West Bengal have
meticulously crafted this exquisite piece, adding an artistic touch to the gift.
Fragrant Sandalwood and Gold Coin
To represent the donation of land (Bhudaan), a fragrant piece of sandalwood sourced
from Mysore, Karnataka, is included in the box. This sandalwood carries a distinct aroma
and reflects the craftsmanship of the region. Additionally, a 24K pure and hallmarked gold
coin, handcrafted in Rajasthan, signifies the donation of gold (Hiranyadaan).
Diverse Donations and Artistic Creations
The box also contains various other items, each representing a specific donation:
Til or white sesame seeds sourced from Tamil Nadu symbolize the donation of
sesame seeds (Tildaan).
Ghee or clarified butter from Punjab signifies the donation of clarified butter
(Ajyadaan).
A handwoven textured tussar silk cloth sourced from Jharkhand symbolizes the
donation of cloth (Vastradaan).
Long-grained rice from Uttarakhand represents the donation of food grains
(Dhaanyadaan).
Jaggery from Maharashtra signifies the donation of jaggery (Guddaan).
A 99.5% pure and hallmarked silver coin, aesthetically crafted by artisans from
Rajasthan, symbolizes the donation of silver (Raupyadaan).
Salt from Gujarat is included to represent the donation of salt (Lavandaan).
A Gift for First Lady Jill Biden
PM Modi presented First Lady Jill Biden with a remarkable lab-grown 7.5-carat green
diamond. This unique diamond reflects the chemical and optical properties of earth-mined
diamonds. What makes it even more special is its eco-friendly nature. The diamond’s
creation involved the utilization of diversified resources such as solar and wind power. To
house this precious gem, a ‘kar-e-kalamdani’ papier mache box, crafted with intricate
designs, was gifted to Jill Biden.
The Gift of Knowledge
In addition to these tangible gifts, Prime Minister Modi also presented President Biden
with a copy of the first edition print of ‘The Ten Principal Upanishads’. Published by M/s
Faber and Faber Ltd of London, this book holds significant philosophical and spiritual
wisdom.
World’s Largest Ramayan Temple
A monumental project has commenced in the East Champaran district of Bihar as the
construction work of the ‘world’s largest Ramayan temple’ got underway on June 20. This
temple, poised to be taller than the renowned Angkor Wat temple complex in Cambodia,
is expected to become a marvel of architectural grandeur.
Setting the Stage for a Magnificent Temple
The Ramayan temple, a testament to devotion and craftsmanship, will be constructed on a
vast land spanning 3.76 lakh sq. ft. Located approximately 120 km from Patna, this
monumental structure will serve as a beacon of spiritual enlightenment.
Surpassing Angkor Wat
The towering Ramayan temple is set to surpass the height of the 12th-century Angkor Wat
temple complex in Cambodia, renowned for its architectural splendor and cultural
significance. This ambitious undertaking aims to create an iconic symbol of faith and
reverence.
Investment in the Temple
The construction of the grand Ramayan temple comes with an estimated cost of ₹500
crore. This substantial investment reflects the commitment to realizing a magnificent
edifice that will attract devotees and tourists from around the world.
Completion and Design
By the end of 2025, the three-storeyed Viraat Ramayan temple is expected to stand in all
its glory. It will comprise 12 striking domes, with the highest dome reaching an impressive
height of 270 ft. The temple’s overall measurement is projected to be 2,800 ft in length,
1,400 ft in width, and 405 ft in height.
Drawing Inspiration from Iconic Temples
The architectural design of the Ramayan temple draws inspiration from three iconic
temples. The majestic Angkor Wat complex in Cambodia, the revered Ramanathaswami
temple in Rameshwaram, and the enchanting Meenakshi Sundareshwarar temple in
Madurai have influenced the temple’s design, reflecting their distinctive features and
spiritual significance.
June 24, 2023

Blue Pansy (Junonia Orithya)
The rich biodiversity of Jammu and Kashmir has received a significant boost with the
official declaration of the Blue Pansy (Junonia Orithya) as the region’s official butterfly. The
announcement, made by Dheeraj Gupta, Principal Secretary to the Government for the
Department of Forest, Ecology, and Environment, marks a crucial step towards preserving
and protecting the natural heritage of this picturesque region.
The Blue Pansy: A Delicate Beauty
The Blue Pansy, known for its vibrant blue hues, is found in various parts of Southeast
Asian countries, Australia, and Africa. With its territorial nature and stunning appearance,
this butterfly captivates both enthusiasts and experts. The species is further distinguished
by its remarkable adaptability, resulting in 26 local subspecies across its range.
Challenges and Conservation Efforts
Like many other species, the Blue Pansy faces numerous threats, including habitat loss
and the effects of climate change. The delicate balance of its ecosystem is disrupted,
endangering the survival of these enchanting creatures. The government’s decision to
designate the Blue Pansy as the official butterfly of Jammu and Kashmir demonstrates a
commitment to conserving the region’s natural beauty and biodiversity.
Preserving the Natural Beauty
This official recognition not only signifies the unique charm of the Blue Pansy but also
emphasizes the interconnectedness of species and the delicate balance of the
environment. It serves as a reminder of the responsibility to conserve and protect the
region’s natural heritage for future generations.
Nutraceutical Properties of Joha Rice
Joha rice, a variety cultivated in the Northeastern region of India, has gained attention for
its distinct aroma and notable taste. Beyond its sensory appeal, Joha rice has been
traditionally associated with health benefits, including a low incidence of diabetes and
cardiovascular diseases. In recent years, scientists at the Institute of Advanced Study in
Science and Technology (IASST) have conducted research to explore the nutraceutical
properties of this unique grain.
Unveiling Joha Rice’s Nutraceutical Potential
Researchers at the IASST have made significant strides in unraveling the nutraceutical
properties of Joha rice. Through their studies, they identified two essential fatty acids:
linoleic acid (omega-6) and linolenic acid (omega-3). These fatty acids, which are not
produced by the human body, play a vital role in maintaining various physiological
conditions. Notably, omega-3 fatty acids have been linked to the prevention of metabolic
diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer.
Balanced Ratio and Patented Rice Bran Oil
The scientists discovered that scented Joha rice exhibits a more balanced ratio of omega-6
to omega-3 essential fatty acids compared to the widely consumed non-scented variety.
This finding suggests that the scented variety may offer enhanced nutritional benefits.
Building upon this, the scientists utilized Joha rice to create a patented rice bran oil, which
has demonstrated efficacy in the management of diabetes.
Antioxidants and Bioactive Compounds
Joha rice is not only rich in essential fatty acids but also contains a range of beneficial
compounds. It boasts antioxidants, flavonoids, and phenolics, which contribute to its
potential health advantages. Among the identified bioactive compounds present in Joha
rice are oryzanol, ferulic acid, tocotrienol, caffeic acid, catechuic acid, gallic acid, and tricin.
These compounds have been associated with antioxidant, hypoglycemic, and cardio-
protective effects.
Liberalization of UAV Export Policy
The Directorate General of Foreign Trade (DGFT) has recently implemented significant
changes to the policy governing the export of Drones/UAVs from India. With the aim of
promoting the export of high-tech items for civilian end uses, the DGFT has simplified and
liberalized the regulations surrounding drone exports.
Simplifying Export Policies
Previously, drones fell under the restrictive Category 5B of the SCOMET list, which
regulates items with dual-use potential in both civilian and military applications. Exporters
were required to obtain a SCOMET license, which posed challenges, especially for drones
with limited capabilities meant solely for civilian use.
Introducing General Authorization for Export of Drones (GAED)
To address these challenges, the DGFT introduced the General Authorization for Export of
Drones (GAED). Drones meeting specific criteria are now eligible for this authorization,
simplifying the export process. The criteria include a range equal to or less than 25 km, a
payload of not more than 25 kgs (excluding software and technology), and a clear purpose
for civilian end-use.
Benefits for the Drone Industry
The policy change is expected to bring significant benefits to the drone industry in India.
By eliminating the need for SCOMET licenses for each export shipment, compliance
requirements are reduced, streamlining the process for exporters. This change aims to
position India as a global manufacturing hub for drones, fostering innovation and
economic growth within the industry.
Validity and Procedural Details
The GAED authorization grants a one-time general license valid for 3 years. This means
that drone manufacturers and exporters with GAED authorization no longer need to apply
for a SCOMET license for each export shipment within the 3-year validity period. Detailed
procedures and guidelines for GAED can be found on the DGFT website, specifically in the
DGFT Public Notice No.19.
Heliopolis Memorial
Located in Cairo, Egypt, the Heliopolis (Port Tewfik) Memorial stands as a solemn tribute
to the valor and sacrifice of Indian soldiers who fought in Egypt and Palestine during
World War 1.
Honoring the Fallen: 3,727 Indian Soldiers
The Heliopolis Memorial stands tall, bearing the names of nearly 3,727 Indian soldiers who
valiantly fought in the theaters of Egypt and Palestine during World War 1. It serves as a
testament to their bravery and dedication to the cause of peace.
Unveiling of the Original Memorial in 1926
The original Port Tewfik memorial, unveiled in 1926, stood proudly at the entrance to the
Suez Canal. However, due to the Israeli-Egyptian War of 1967, the memorial was destroyed
by retreating Egyptian soldiers. In its place, a new memorial was erected in the Heliopolis
Commonwealth War Graves Cemetery in 1980, ensuring the names of the fallen Indian
soldiers would never be forgotten.
The Role of Indian Troops: Securing the Suez Canal and More
Indian troops played a vital role in the West Asian campaigns of World War 1. They
secured strategic locations such as the Suez Canal in Egypt and contributed significantly in
Palestine. Notably, Indian cavalry participated in the famous Battle of Haifa, a historic
moment commemorated in a war memorial in New Delhi.
Commemorating the 42nd Deoli Regiment
Among the regiments listed at the Heliopolis memorial, the 42nd Deoli Regiment holds a
special place for its noteworthy contribution to the war effort. Alongside other Indian
regiments and state forces, they saw action in various theaters of the war, leaving an
indelible mark on history.
The Courage of Risaldar Badlu Singh
One name that shines brightly at the Heliopolis Memorial is that of Risaldar Badlu Singh.
This courageous Indian soldier was posthumously awarded the Victoria Cross, the highest
British wartime gallantry award. He made the ultimate sacrifice during a charge on a
strong enemy position, demonstrating bravery and self-sacrifice that will never be
forgotten.
Remembering Sepoy Nazara Singh and Sepoy Gurcharan
Sepoy Nazara Singh of the 51st Sikhs (Frontier Force) and Sepoy Gurcharan from Dehra,
Kangra, Punjab, are among the brave soldiers commemorated at the war memorial. Their
names, etched in stone, serve as a poignant reminder of their dedication and sacrifice.
Preserving the Legacy
The Heliopolis (Port Tewfik) Memorial stands as a solemn reminder of the sacrifices made
by Indian soldiers during World War 1. It serves to preserve their memory and pay
homage to their extraordinary bravery.
Minerals Security Partnership
The global initiative known as the Minerals Security Partnership (MSP), also referred to as
the critical minerals alliance, was announced in June 2022. The primary goal of this
partnership is to ensure the availability of stable supplies of critical minerals for
participating countries’ economies while reducing China’s dominance in the global critical
mineral market.
Focused Minerals: Cobalt, Nickel, Lithium, and Rare Earth Minerals
The MSP places a strong emphasis on the supply chains of critical minerals, including
cobalt, nickel, lithium, and the 17 “rare earth” minerals. These minerals are essential for
manufacturing advanced technologies such as mobile phones, electric vehicles, solar
panels, and defense applications.
India’s Position: Not a Current Member
Currently, India is not a part of the Minerals Security Partnership. However, during Prime
Minister Narendra Modi’s visit to the United States, discussions are expected to take place
regarding India’s potential entry into this global alliance on critical minerals.
Participating Countries: A Global Effort
The Minerals Security Partnership consists of several key countries, including Japan,
Australia, Finland, the United States, Germany, the United Kingdom, Canada, the Republic
of Korea, France, Sweden, and the European Union. Together, these nations aim to
strengthen critical mineral supply chains and reduce reliance on a single dominant player.
China’s Dominance in Processing: A Major Challenge
In terms of processing critical minerals, China currently holds a dominant position. This
highlights the need for diversification and the development of alternative sources to
reduce dependence on a single country.
Rare Earth Minerals: Essential Components for High-Tech Industries
Rare earth minerals, which include elements like scandium, yttrium, and lanthanides, are
crucial components in the production of various high-tech applications. These minerals
are vital for the functioning of devices such as cellular telephones, flat-screen monitors,
televisions, and electric vehicles.
India-Australia Critical Minerals Investment Partnership
To strengthen critical mineral supply chains, India and Australia have established the
India-Australia Critical Minerals Investment Partnership. This partnership aims to support
India’s space and defense industries, as well as the manufacture of electric vehicles, by
providing resources and expertise in critical minerals.
Moving Towards Secure and Sustainable Mineral Supply
As India undergoes a transition towards clean energy sources and electric vehicles,
securing a reliable supply of critical minerals becomes imperative. By actively participating
in global initiatives and forming strategic partnerships, India can address challenges
posed by the uneven distribution of rare earth elements and ensure a stable supply of
critical minerals for its growing industries.
June 26, 2023
Order of the Nile
When Prime Minister Narendra Modi visited Egypt on a state visit, he was bestowed with
the highest state honor of the country, the Order of the Nile.
Establishment and History
The Order of the Nile was established in the year 1915 by Sultan Hussein Kamel of Egypt.
Originally intended to recognize individuals who had rendered valuable service to the
country, the Order of the Nile became Egypt’s highest state honor after the monarchy was
abolished in 1953. Its rich history and symbolism make it a coveted accolade.
Symbolism and Design
The Order of the Nile consists of three units made of pure gold. These units are connected
by a circular gold flower adorned with turquoise and ruby. The first unit symbolizes the
protection of the state against evils, the second unit signifies prosperity and happiness
brought by the Nile, and the third unit represents wealth and endurance.
Conferment to Prime Minister Narendra Modi
Prime Minister Narendra Modi was honored with the Order of the Nile by Egyptian
President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi during his visit. This makes him the recipient of the highest
state honor of Egypt and marks his 13th international award. The conferment
acknowledges the valuable contributions and positive impact that Prime Minister Modi
has made both within his own country and on the global stage.
Prominent Recipients
The Order of the Nile has been conferred upon various esteemed individuals, including
King Hussein of Jordan, President Jimmy Carter of the United States, and Queen Elizabeth
II. The list of recipients is extensive and includes leaders from different nations, all
recognized for their contributions to Egypt or humanity.
Historical Significance
The first Indian Prime Minister to visit Egypt before Narendra Modi was in the year 1997.
This bilateral visit by Prime Minister Modi in 2023 highlights the strengthening of
diplomatic ties between the two nations and marks a significant milestone in their
relationship.
India-Egypt Strategic Partnership
India and Egypt have taken significant steps to enhance their bilateral cooperation
through a strategic partnership agreement. During Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s visit
to Egypt, several key developments unfolded, solidifying the relationship between the two
nations.
Enhancing Bilateral Cooperation
The strategic partnership agreement between India and Egypt aims to strengthen
bilateral cooperation across various sectors. Its primary purpose is to enhance the existing
relationship between the two nations and foster closer ties on multiple fronts.
Chief Guest Visit
Egyptian President El-Sisi visited India as the Chief Guest for the Republic Day celebrations
in January. This visit played a crucial role in setting the foundation for the strategic
partnership agreement. It marked a significant moment in bilateral relations and laid the
groundwork for future collaborations.
Four Elements of the Strategic Partnership
The strategic partnership agreement encompasses four key elements. These include
political, defense and security cooperation, economic engagement, scientific and
academic collaboration, and cultural and people-to-people contacts. This comprehensive
approach ensures a holistic and multi-dimensional partnership.
India and Egypt solidified their collaboration through the signing of three pacts. These
pacts focus on important areas such as agriculture, preservation of monuments and
archaeological sites, and competition law. Such agreements facilitate mutual cooperation,
knowledge exchange, and further strengthen the foundation of the strategic partnership.
Exploring Historical Sites
Prime Minister Modi’s visit to Egypt included visits to significant historical sites. One of the
highlights was his exploration of the iconic Great Pyramids of Giza. The Great Pyramids of
Giza consist of three main pyramids: the Pyramid of Khufu (or Cheops), the Pyramid of
Khafre, and the Pyramid of Menkaure. Built during the Old Kingdom period of ancient
Egypt, these pyramids were constructed as tombs for the pharaohs. Towering over the
desert landscape, they were meticulously designed and constructed with precision,
ingenuity, and immense human effort.
Meeting the Bohra Community
During his visit to Al-Hakim Mosque, Prime Minister Modi had the opportunity to meet
members of the Bohra community. This community actively contributes to the
preservation and upkeep of the mosque, reflecting the strong people-to-people ties
between India and Egypt.
Building Bilateral Relations
Upon his arrival in Cairo from the United States, Prime Minister Modi met Egyptian Prime
Minister Mostafa Madbouly-led India Unit. This assembly of senior officials, formed under
the leadership of President El-Sisi, is dedicated to enhancing the mutual ties between the
two nations. Such initiatives lay the groundwork for greater collaboration and mutual
growth.
2023 IMD World Competitiveness Ranking
The latest world competitiveness ranking has brought forth interesting insights into the
competitive landscape of nations. The rankings, compiled by the International Institute for
Management Development (IMD), provide valuable information on economic
performance, government efficiency, infrastructure, and more.
Denmark Reigns Supreme
In the highly anticipated ranking, Denmark emerged as the top-ranked country for
competitiveness. This achievement reflects the country’s consistent excellence across all
four measured factors: economic performance, government efficiency, infrastructure, and
business efficiency.
Singapore’s Position
Singapore, known for its vibrant business environment, claimed an impressive fourth
position in the global competitiveness ranking. While the city-state slipped from third
place in the previous year, its overall competitive edge remains strong and noteworthy.
Ireland’s Remarkable Progress
The ranking witnessed Ireland making significant strides, emerging as the country with
the most notable improvement. Climbing from the 11th position to second place, Ireland
showcased outstanding economic performance as its ranking in this criterion soared from
seventh to first. Several factors contributed to Ireland’s ascent, including a skilled
workforce, high educational standards, policy stability, a competitive tax regime, and a
business-friendly environment.
Factors Considered
The IMD’s competitiveness ranking evaluates countries based on four key factors:
economic performance, government efficiency, infrastructure, and business efficiency.
These factors provide a comprehensive assessment of a country’s overall competitiveness,
taking into account various aspects that shape its economic landscape.
Hard Data and Survey Responses
The ranking process combines hard data and survey responses to derive comprehensive
results. Two-thirds of the overall ranking results are based on hard data, comprising 164
competitiveness criteria obtained from extensive research and multiple sources. The
remaining one-third is derived from responses to 92 survey questions answered by senior
executives, providing valuable insights from industry leaders.
Switzerland’s Government Efficiency and Infrastructure
Switzerland retained its position as a leader in government efficiency and infrastructure.
This achievement reflects the nation’s strong governance and well-developed
infrastructure, contributing to its overall competitiveness. Switzerland ranked first in
government efficiency and infrastructure, seventh in business efficiency, and saw an
improvement in economic performance, moving from 30th to 18th place.
Multidisciplinary Education and Research Improvement in Technical Education Project
The World Bank has recently given its approval for a substantial loan of USD 255.5 million
to India, aiming to improve the quality of technical education in the country. This
ambitious project is set to make a significant impact by focusing on research,
entrepreneurship, innovation, and governance improvement in government-run technical
institutions.
Support for Government-Run Technical Institutions
The Multidisciplinary Education and Research Improvement in Technical Education Project
is expected to benefit approximately 275 government-run technical institutions across
India. This massive undertaking aims to enhance the quality of education and empower
students with the necessary skills for their future careers.
Empowering Students Through Upgraded Curricula
As part of the project, students will gain access to upgraded curricula that incorporate
emerging technologies in communication and climate resilience. This forward-thinking
approach will equip students with the knowledge and competencies required to thrive in
an increasingly dynamic and rapidly evolving world.
Enhanced Internship and Placement Services
Students participating in the project will also enjoy improved internship and placement
services. This includes invaluable opportunities to network with professional associations,
fostering connections and opening doors to promising career paths. Such practical
exposure is instrumental in bridging the gap between theoretical knowledge and real-
world application.
World Bank’s Role in Empowering Technical Education
The World Bank, a respected multilateral institution, played a vital role in making this loan
possible. Their support demonstrates a commitment to bolstering technical education and
expanding career prospects for Indian students. The loan, granted by the IBRD, will reach
its full term after 14 years, during which there will be a grace period of five years.
Addressing Gaps in Tertiary Education
Recent studies have highlighted significant gaps in both technical and non-technical skills
among tertiary education students in India. These include reasoning, interpersonal
communication, and conflict resolution. The Multidisciplinary Education and Research
Improvement in Technical Education Project acknowledges these challenges and aims to
address them effectively.
Promoting Gender Equality and Inclusion
The project also places emphasis on promoting gender equality in technical education.
Outreach programs will provide prospective female students, parents, and guardians with
better information on technical education program options. Sensitization efforts will
address misconceptions and encourage female participation in science, technology,
engineering, and math (STEM) fields.
A Step Towards National Education Policy 2020
The project aligns with the Indian government’s National Education Policy 2020, which
emphasizes modernizing the education sector. By equipping students with relevant skills
and preparing them for emerging job opportunities, the project supports the nation’s
vision for educational advancement.
Udyami Bharat-MSME Day
Udyami Bharat-MSME Day is an important occasion that highlights the achievements and
potential of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in India. This year, the event
will be celebrated on June 27, bringing together key stakeholders from the government
and the MSME sector.
Distinguished Guests in Attendance
The event will be graced by the presence of Narayan Rane, Union Minister, who will serve
as the chief guest. Bhanu Pratap Singh Verma, Union Minister of State, will also be present
as the guest of honour. Their participation underscores the government’s commitment to
the growth and development of MSMEs in the country.
Exciting Initiatives to be Launched
Udyami Bharat-MSME Day will witness the launch of several noteworthy initiatives aimed
at empowering and uplifting MSMEs. These include the unveiling of the Champions 2.0
portal, a platform that will provide valuable support and resources to MSMEs. Additionally,
a mobile app for geo-tagging of cluster projects and technology centres will be
introduced, facilitating effective management and monitoring of these initiatives.
Moreover, the event will mark the launch of the MSME Idea Hackathon 3.0, a platform that
encourages innovation and entrepreneurship among women entrepreneurs.
Recognition and Support
The event will also serve as a platform to acknowledge the accomplishments of MSMEs.
The results of the MSME Idea Hackathon 2.0 will be announced, showcasing the creative
and innovative ideas generated by participants. Furthermore, certificate distribution
ceremonies will be held to honor Gold and Silver ZED-certified MSMEs. The MSME
Sustainable (ZED) Certification, which promotes Zero Defect Zero Effect practices, aims to
enhance the quality and efficiency of MSME operations.
Boosting Economic Growth
To further bolster the growth of MSMEs, the event will witness the digital transfer of Rs
400 crore margin money subsidy. This subsidy, a part of the Prime Minister’s Employment
Generation Programme (PMEGP), will contribute to local employment generation and
empower aspiring entrepreneurs.
Building a Vibrant MSME Ecosystem
The government’s initiatives for MSMEs are centered around creating an enabling
environment for their success. These initiatives aim to improve the overall business
ecosystem, foster innovation, promote regional development, and reduce regional
disparities. By supporting MSMEs, the government seeks to drive economic growth and
create a conducive environment for their sustainable development.
A Venue of Significance
The Udyami Bharat-MSME Day event will take place at Vigyan Bhavan in New Delhi, a
prestigious venue that symbolizes the government’s commitment to the growth and
progress of the MSME sector.
Kyriakos Mitsotaki Wins Greece's National Elections
Kyriakos Mitsotakis of the New Democracy party emerges victorious in Greece’s national
elections, securing a clear majority. The election results mark a significant margin
between Mitsotakis and the second-place Syriza party, the widest in almost 50 years.
Mitsotakis and New Democracy’s Success
Kyriakos Mitsotakis, a member of the New Democracy party, has won Greece’s national
elections. With over 40% of the vote, Mitsotakis’s party obtained a strong mandate that
allows them to govern alone. This success showcases the support and confidence voters
have in Mitsotakis and his party’s ability to lead the country.
The Margin and Syriza’s Performance
The margin between New Democracy and the second-place Syriza party is noteworthy.
Syriza, led by former premier Alexis Tsipras, garnered less than 18% of the vote, indicating
a substantial difference between the two parties. This outcome demonstrates voters’
recognition of New Democracy’s efforts in revitalizing Greece’s economy after a crippling
debt crisis.
Mitsotakis’s Prime Ministerial Term
Kyriakos Mitsotakis assumed the role of prime minister in 2019. His leadership and
determination have steered Greece towards economic recovery, marked by consecutive
years of strong growth. Under his governance, tax burdens were eased, and despite the
challenges posed by the Covid-19 pandemic, Greece experienced impressive growth rates
of 8.3% in 2021 and 5.9% in the previous year.
Far-Right Parties in Parliament
In a significant development, three far-right parties, including Spartiates (Spartans),
secured representation in the Greek parliament. The total proportion of votes garnered by
these hard-right parties amounted to 12.9%. Their presence signifies a shift in the political
landscape and highlights the diversity of opinions among Greek voters.
Looking Ahead
Kyriakos Mitsotakis’s victory in the national elections and New Democracy’s clear majority
offer a strong mandate for governance. With this renewed mandate, Mitsotakis aims to
proceed rapidly with major reforms, transforming Greece and continuing its path towards
economic prosperity. The coming years will showcase the impact of the government’s
initiatives and policies on Greece’s future.
Watermelon Snow - Current Updates (June, 2023)
Watermelon snow is a captivating natural phenomenon observed in snowy mountainous
regions, including Utah, where the snow takes on a red and pink hue. This unique
occurrence has been attributed to a specific type of algae and has fascinated both
scientists and nature enthusiasts alike.
The Algae Behind the Phenomenon
The captivating hue of watermelon snow is a result of a green algae bloom known as
Chlamydomonas nivalis. This species of algae thrives in cold, snowy environments, and its
presence in the snowpack triggers the vibrant transformation of the snow’s appearance.
The Role of the Secondary Pigment
To protect themselves from the intense solar radiation in their bright surroundings, the
algae produce a secondary pigment. This pigment acts as a shield against harmful
ultraviolet (UV) rays and safeguards the algae’s DNA and organelles. Additionally, the
secondary pigment allows the algae’s cells to absorb heat, which plays a crucial role in
their access to water.
The Melting Effect
As the algae’s cells absorb heat, they cause the surrounding snow to melt. This melting
effect is beneficial to the algae, as it enables them to access water that would otherwise be
inaccessible. The ability to access water is vital for their survival in the snowy
environment.
Human Health Concerns
Watermelon snow poses no human health concerns. It is a natural occurrence caused by
the presence of harmless algae. There is no need for concern regarding water quality or
any potential risks associated with coming into contact with watermelon snow.
ASEAN to Hold First-Ever Joint Military Exercise in South China Sea
ASEAN, the Southeast Asian bloc, is set to make history by conducting its inaugural joint
military exercise in the highly contested South China Sea. The decision was made during a
meeting of military commanders from the 10-member Association of Southeast Asian
Nations in Indonesia. The exercise, scheduled for September, will specifically take place in
the North Natuna Sea, which is located in the southernmost region of the South China
Sea.
Strengthening ASEAN Centrality
The purpose of the joint military exercise is to reinforce “ASEAN centrality.” It aims to
promote unity and cooperation among ASEAN member states, highlighting their collective
strength and presence in the region. The exercise is expected to enhance coordination
and preparedness among the participating countries.
Challenges to ASEAN Unity
ASEAN’s unity has been tested for years due to the rivalry between the United States and
China, particularly in the South China Sea. Vietnam, the Philippines, Brunei, and Malaysia,
all ASEAN members, have competing claims with China in the disputed waters. This has
led to tensions and disputes over territorial sovereignty, exacerbating the complex
geopolitical landscape of the region.
South China Sea’s Significance
The South China Sea holds immense economic importance as an essential conduit for
approximately $3.5 trillion of annual ship-borne trade. China, based on historic maps,
claims sovereignty over the region through an expansive “nine-dash line.” However, an
international arbitration court in 2016 ruled that this claim lacked a legal basis. The
competing territorial claims and China’s assertiveness in the South China Sea have raised
concerns among neighboring countries and sparked ongoing disputes.
ASEAN’s Push for a Maritime Code of Conduct
ASEAN has been advocating for the completion of a maritime code of conduct with China.
The code aims to establish guidelines and regulations for managing disputes and
ensuring peaceful resolutions in the South China Sea. It is seen as a crucial step towards
maintaining stability and minimizing tensions in the region.
Incidents in the South China Sea
Several countries, including Vietnam, the Philippines, India, and other ASEAN nations, have
had confrontations with China in the South China Sea. These incidents range from
territorial disputes to allegations of aggressive tactics by China’s coast guard. In response,
countries like the Philippines have sought joint patrols with the United States to assert
their claims and ensure the protection of their interests in the region.
Promoting Regional Stability
The joint military exercise by ASEAN in the South China Sea is a significant step towards
promoting regional stability and security. It highlights the commitment of ASEAN member
states to work together, despite their differences, to address common challenges and
maintain peace in the region. The exercise also sends a strong message to external
powers that ASEAN remains central in shaping the future of the South China Sea.
Burmese Peacock Softshell Turtles
The Burmese peacock softshell turtles, also known as Nilssonia Formosa, have recently
hatched in Myanmar, bringing hope for the survival of this critically endangered species.
The emergence of the hatchlings from their eggs took place earlier this month, and they
made their way to Indawgyi Lake.
Unique Species Found in Myanmar
The Burmese peacock softshell turtles are native to Myanmar and are exclusive to this
region. However, scientists have limited knowledge about them, as no proper studies have
been conducted.
Collaboration for Conservation
The success in protecting and hatching the turtle eggs can be attributed to the close
collaboration with the residents of villages surrounding Indawgyi Lake. To safeguard
nesting sites, the wildlife charity provided financial support to lakeshore communities,
forming a team of “turtle guardians” who patrol the area. Their efforts included fencing
off five turtle nests with approximately 20 eggs each, which led to the recent hatching in
June.
Challenges and Threats
Despite the efforts to protect the eggs, the Burmese peacock softshell turtles still face
numerous threats. Habitat loss, pollution, climate change, and accidental captures by
fishermen pose significant risks to the survival of this species. According to the
International Union for Conservation of Nature, around 40% of all turtle and tortoise
species are currently threatened.
Population Decline
Over the past 90 years, the population of Burmese peacock softshell turtles has suffered a
substantial decline. Scientists suspect that their numbers may have decreased by at least
80%. This alarming trend underscores the urgent need for conservation efforts to ensure
the long-term survival of these unique turtles.
High Death Rates in Bee Colonies
Honeybee colonies in the United States are facing a concerning trend according to an
annual bee survey conducted by the University of Maryland and Auburn University. While
the overall number of honeybee colonies has remained stable, the survey reveals a high
death rate among managed colonies.
The High Mortality Rate and its Impact
The survey reports that nearly half of managed honeybee colonies in the United States
have been lost, marking the second highest death rate on record. This loss, while
staggering, is even more concerning when considering the vital role honeybees play in
pollinating over 100 crops, including nuts, vegetables, berries, citrus fruits, and melons.
Several factors contribute to the high mortality rate of honeybee colonies. Parasites, such
as the Varroa destructor mite, weaken the bees and make them susceptible to viruses.
Pesticides further compromise their immune systems and foraging abilities. Starvation,
caused by habitat loss and a lack of diverse food sources, exacerbates the issue.
Additionally, the effects of climate change and extreme weather events pose additional
challenges for these delicate pollinators.
Challenges Faced by Beekeepers
Beekeepers face the challenging task of maintaining the overall population of honeybee
colonies. They invest significant resources in splitting and restocking hives, which involves
finding or purchasing new queens and colonies. Commercial beekeepers play a vital role
in replenishing losses and ensuring the stability of the bee colony population.
The Importance of Conservation Efforts
The significance of addressing the threats to honeybees cannot be overstated. While the
current situation may not reach the crisis level observed 15 years ago, environmental
threats persist. Honeybees are crucial for pollinating insect-dependent plants and
maintaining diverse ecosystems. The growing demand for pollination from commercial
bee colonies necessitates increased efforts to safeguard their populations and find
sustainable solutions.
Google’s 'Perspectives' Search
Google has recently launched a new search feature called Perspectives, aiming to provide
users with a broader range of viewpoints on various topics.
Presenting Diverse Content Sources
Perspectives search on Google encompasses a wide range of content types, including
long- and short-form videos, images, and written posts. These materials are sourced from
discussion boards, Q&A sites, and popular social media platforms. Google’s blog post
highlighted examples such as TikTok videos, YouTube videos, websites, tweets, Quora
results, and Reddit posts, to name a few.
Emphasizing Authoritativeness and Trustworthiness
One of the key focuses of Perspectives search is to prioritize content that demonstrates
authoritativeness, expertise, and trustworthiness. Google aims to provide users with
reliable and informative perspectives from trusted sources. By highlighting these
attributes, the company strives to ensure that users can rely on the information they find.
Pinterest-Like Layout for Visual Appeal
The layout of Perspectives search results resembles the visually engaging style of
Pinterest. This approach offers users a unique and visually appealing way to explore
different perspectives on their search queries.
Encouraging Balanced Information Seeking
Google’s motivation behind introducing Perspectives is to discourage users from solely
relying on appending “reddit” to their searches. The feature aims to provide information
from real people and diverse sources, encouraging a balanced approach to information
seeking.
Addressing Challenges and Timing
The decrease in effectiveness of using “reddit” in searches was prompted by Reddit
communities going offline in protest of planned API changes. Critics have speculated that
Google’s Perspectives could be seen as an attempt to encroach on Reddit’s territory, but
it’s important to note that the timing of the feature’s launch was announced during a
Google conference in May, suggesting that the introduction may be coincidental.
Gradual Rollout for Wider Adoption
To ensure a seamless experience, Google has chosen to gradually roll out the Perspectives
tab over the course of several weeks. This allows users to familiarize themselves with the
new feature and gradually explore the diverse perspectives it offers.
‘In-country' Renewable H-1B Visas
The United States authorities have recently announced a significant development in the
H-1B visa renewal process. The introduction of ‘in-country’ renewable H-1B visas aims to
streamline the renewal procedure for Indian professionals working in the US.
Understanding H-1B Visas
H-1B visas are highly sought-after non-immigrant visas that allow US companies to
employ foreign workers in specialized occupations requiring theoretical or technical
expertise. These visas play a crucial role in facilitating the recruitment of talent,
particularly in the technology sector, with many employees coming from countries like
India.
Challenges of H-1B Visa Renewal
Until 2004, certain non-immigrant visas, including H-1B visas, could be renewed or
stamped within the US. However, subsequent changes necessitated foreign tech workers
to leave the country, often returning to their home countries, for H-1B visa extension
stamps on their passports. This requirement posed significant inconveniences, especially
considering the lengthy wait times for visa renewal, which could exceed 800 days or two
years.
Introducing ‘In-Country’ Renewal
To address the difficulties faced by Indian professionals, the US visa office has introduced
‘in-country’ renewable H-1B visas. This initiative eliminates the need for individuals to
travel overseas for visa renewal. The timing of this announcement aligns with the
forthcoming bilateral meeting between Prime Minister Narendra Modi and President Joe
Biden, underscoring the significance of the Indo-US relationship.
Expanding Convenience and Collaboration
The ‘in-country’ renewal program is a people-to-people initiative aimed at fostering
smoother visa renewal procedures. The Biden administration has also unveiled plans for a
pilot program to adjudicate domestic renewals of certain work visas, including those for
Indian nationals. The intent is to eventually expand this program to cover a broader pool
of H-1 and L visa holders, enhancing convenience and collaboration for foreign workers.
World Drug Report 2023
A recently released United Nations report has shed light on the growing challenges posed
by drug use worldwide. The report, titled the World Drug Report 2023, provides alarming
statistics and emphasizes the urgent need for prioritizing public health, prevention, and
access to treatment services.
Rising Numbers of People Who Inject Drugs
According to the UN report, the estimate of people who inject drugs in 2021 stands at a
staggering 13.2 million, representing an 18% increase compared to previous estimates.
This sharp rise highlights the persistent nature of drug addiction and the pressing need
for effective interventions and support systems.
Widespread Drug Use
Globally, over 296 million people were reported to have used drugs in 2021, reflecting a
concerning increase of 23% over the past decade. These numbers demonstrate the scale
of the challenge and the need for comprehensive strategies to address drug use and its
associated harms.
Growing Burden of Drug Use Disorders
One of the most alarming findings of the report is the significant increase in the number
of people suffering from drug use disorders. Over the past 10 years, there has been a 45%
surge in individuals experiencing drug use disorders, reaching a staggering total of 39.5
million. This surge underscores the critical importance of access to treatment services and
effective support for those struggling with addiction.
Treatment Gaps and Disparities
Despite the escalating burden of drug use disorders, the report highlights that fewer than
20% of people with drug use disorders are currently in treatment. This significant
treatment gap raises concerns about the accessibility and availability of support services.
Furthermore, the report reveals that only 27% of women who use amphetamine-type
stimulants receive treatment, indicating gender disparities in accessing care.
Youth as a Vulnerable Population
The report emphasizes that youth populations are particularly vulnerable to drug use and
substance use disorders in various regions. In Africa, for instance, 70% of people in
treatment for drug use are under the age of 35. These findings highlight the need for
targeted prevention programs, education, and early intervention initiatives to address the
specific needs of young people.
Addressing Drug Challenges: A Global Priority
The UN report unequivocally underscores the urgent need for prioritizing public health,
prevention, and access to treatment services as part of a comprehensive response to drug
challenges. It emphasizes that failure to address these challenges will result in more
individuals being left behind, exacerbating social and economic inequalities and
contributing to global crises and conflicts.
How to Make Polluters Pay: Climate Finance to Support Global Equity
The Summit for a New Global Financial Pact recently took place in Paris, bringing together
country leaders, finance ministers, and civil society organizations. A side event was held to
discuss “polluter pays principle”.
Making Polluters Pay: Exploring the “Polluter Pays” Principle
One of the side events held during the summit was titled “How to make polluters pay:
Climate finance to support global equity.” This session delved into the concept of the
“polluter pays principle.” This principle asserts that those who contribute to pollution
should bear the responsibility of managing the environmental damage caused by their
actions and compensate those affected by it. Greenhouse gases, which are considered
pollutants due to their contribution to climate change and various forms of pollution, were
a key focus of discussion.
Estimating the Climate Finance Requirement
The need for significant climate finance was highlighted during the summit. It was
estimated that an annual investment of $2.4 trillion would be necessary until 2030 to
facilitate a smooth transition towards sustainable practices in developing countries. This
massive financial requirement emphasizes the urgency to explore new revenue streams
beyond government and multilateral development bank contributions to ensure the
availability of adequate climate finance.
Exploring Potential Revenue Streams
Various revenue streams were discussed as potential sources of climate finance during
the summit. These included shipping levies, financial transaction taxes, fossil fuel taxes,
levies on the export of oil, gas, and coal, and airline levies. These revenue-generating
mechanisms have the potential to generate substantial funds that can be allocated
towards climate-related initiatives and support the transition to greener economies.
The Role of Shipping Industry and Proposed Levy
The shipping industry was a significant topic of discussion, given its contribution of 2.9%
to global greenhouse gas emissions. To address this issue, a proposed solution was the
implementation of a shipping levy of $100 per tonne of carbon dioxide emitted. This levy
aims to incentivize emission reductions within the industry and generate significant funds
that can be used to support climate initiatives.
Compliance Status of Coal-Based Power Plants
India’s coal-fired power plants are facing challenges in installing flue gas de-sulfurisation
(FGD) systems, which are crucial for controlling sulphur dioxide emissions and reducing
air pollution. A recent analysis conducted by the Centre for Science and Environment (CSE)
highlights the low installation rate of FGD systems and the implications for emission
norms compliance.
Low Installation Rate of FGD Systems
According to the CSE analysis, only 5% of India’s coal-fired power plants have installed
FGD systems. This indicates a significant gap in meeting the emission control
requirements set by the Union environment ministry in December 2015.
Delays and Challenges
The report identifies several reasons for the slow progress in FGD installation. The
dependency on the external market for FGD components, the novelty of the technology in
the Indian market, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic have contributed to delays
in implementation.
Emission Norms Compliance
The analysis reveals that a substantial percentage of capacity near Delhi-NCR and cities
with a population of 1 million or more (43%), critically polluted areas (11%), and the
remaining capacity (1%) are unlikely to meet the emission norms by the latest deadlines.
This raises concerns about the potential air pollution impact in these regions.
Time and Investment Required
Installing FGD systems is a time-consuming process, typically taking around two years.
The CSE report estimates the likelihood of power plants meeting emission norms based
on their compliance stage and the remaining time until the deadlines. Urgent action is
needed to ensure timely compliance.
Importa4nce of Emission Control
The CSE report emphasizes the need for compliance with emission norms and highlights
that power plant emissions can contribute to air pollution beyond their boundaries. The
impact of air pollution on public health and the environment necessitates effective
pollution control measures.
Hasarius mumbai
Researchers in Mumbai have made an exciting discovery in the field of arachnology. A new
spider species, Hasarius mumbai, has been documented and named after the city where it
was found. The spider was spotted at the Bombay Natural History Society’s conservation
education centre in Goregaon East. This finding adds to the growing knowledge of spider
diversity in the region.
The Agile Jumping Spiders
Hasarius mumbai belongs to the Salticidae family, also known as jumping spiders. These
arachnids have unique hunting behaviors. Unlike other spiders that build webs to trap
their prey, jumping spiders rely on agility and quick reflexes. They stalk and pounce on
their prey, making them highly skilled hunters.
A Vast Family of Spiders
The Salticidae family is incredibly diverse, with over 600 different genera and over 6,000
described species of spiders. Many of these species can be found across India, and new
ones are still being discovered. The findings of the researchers were published in the
renowned journal Arthropoda Selecta, contributing to the scientific understanding of
spider taxonomy and biodiversity.
Continuing Discoveries in Mumbai
The discovery of Hasarius mumbai marks the first time since September 2021 that a new
biological species from Mumbai has been published. It reflects the ongoing exploration
and documentation of the region’s rich biodiversity. In India, a total of three Hasarius
species have been documented so far, including Hasarius mumbai.
Honoring Heroes and Exploring New Territories
The world of spider taxonomy is not only filled with scientific names but also meaningful
associations. For example, the jumping spider species Icius tukarami was named after the
police constable Tukaram Omble, who bravely fought during the 26/11 terrorist attacks.
These naming practices commemorate individuals and their contributions.
June 27, 2023
Odisha Gunvatta Sankalp
The Odisha Gunvatta Sankalp (Odisha Quality Mission) is a collaborative initiative
launched by the Government of Odisha, Quality Council of India (QCI), and various
industry associations. This mission aims to prioritize and promote quality in different
sectors within the state of Odisha.
Partnership for Quality Enhancement
The collaboration between the Government of Odisha, QCI, and industry associations has
paved the way for the Odisha Gunvatta Sankalp. The involvement of prominent
organizations like ASSOCHAM, FICCI, EEPC, OASME, PHDCCI, CIPET, and FHRAI signifies a
concerted effort to uplift the quality standards across diverse sectors in the state.
Objectives of the Initiative
The primary objective of the Odisha Gunvatta Sankalp is to promote and prioritize quality
in various sectors. This includes areas such as public service delivery, heritage tourism,
healthcare, education, skilling, and infrastructure development. By emphasizing quality,
Odisha aims to position itself as a leading state in India’s growth story.
National Board for Quality Promotion
The National Board for Quality Promotion, operated by QCI, plays a vital role in running
the national quality campaign. This board focuses on creating awareness, driving
innovation, and establishing benchmarks for quality across different domains.
Third-Party Accreditation System
QCI operates a third-party national accreditation system, ensuring that quality standards
are upheld in various sectors. This system encompasses accreditation for laboratories
(NABL), hospitals (NABH), certification and inspection bodies (NABCB), as well as
education and training institutions (NABET).
‘Special Assistance to States for Capital Investment 2023-24’ Scheme
The Ministry of Finance has introduced a special assistance scheme aimed at enhancing
capital spending by states in India. This scheme, announced in the Union Budget 2023-24,
has garnered attention for its significant impact on capital investment proposals and the
sectors benefiting from it.
Approval of Capital Investment Proposals
The Ministry of Finance has approved capital investment proposals amounting to Rs
56,415 crore for 16 states in the current financial year. This substantial allocation reflects
the government’s commitment to promoting growth and development in various regions
across the country.
Special Assistance to States for Capital Investment 2023-24
The Special Assistance to States for Capital Investment 2023-24 scheme was unveiled in
the Union Budget as a means to bolster capital spending by states. Under this scheme,
states are provided interest-free loans amounting to a total of Rs 1.3 lakh crore during the
financial year. The objective is to empower states and support their initiatives for
infrastructure development and sectoral advancements.
Department of Expenditure’s Approval
The capital investment proposals for the current financial year have been approved by the
Department of Expenditure. This department plays a crucial role in assessing the
feasibility and viability of proposed projects across sectors and determining their eligibility
for financial assistance.
Diverse Sectors Benefiting from the Scheme
Several sectors have been identified for capital investment projects under the scheme.
These sectors include health, education, irrigation, water supply, power, roads, bridges,
and railways. The infusion of funds in these areas is expected to accelerate progress and
contribute to the overall development of the states involved.
Focused Funding for Specific Projects
To ensure the timely completion of critical projects, the Special Assistance scheme
specifically targets the Jal Jeevan Mission and Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana. By
providing dedicated funding to these initiatives, the government aims to expedite the
delivery of essential services related to water supply and rural connectivity.
Previous Year’s Achievements
In the previous financial year, a similar scheme titled ‘Special Assistance to States for
Capital Investment for 2022-23’ was implemented. Under this scheme, capital investment
proposals amounting to Rs 95,147.19 crore were approved, and an impressive Rs 81,195.35
crore was released to the states. This highlights the continuity and success of the
government’s efforts in driving capital spending across states.
Continued Focus on Capital Spending
The scheme for financial assistance to states for capital investment/expenditure was first
introduced by the Ministry of Finance in the financial year 2020-21, with the aim of
addressing the challenges posed by the Covid-19 pandemic. This ongoing scheme has
been instrumental in providing a much-needed boost to capital spending by states,
stimulating economic growth and infrastructure development.
June 29, 2023
Introduction of National Research Foundation Bill, 2023
The Union Cabinet’s recent approval of the National Research Foundation (NRF) Bill, 2023
marks a significant step towards fostering research and development (R&D) and
promoting a culture of innovation across India.
Establishment and Administrative Department
The NRF, as per the recently approved bill, aims to seed, grow, and promote R&D activities
in universities, colleges, research institutions, and R&D laboratories throughout the
country. The Department of Science and Technology (DST) will serve as the administrative
department, overseeing the operations and strategic direction of the NRF.
Governing Bodies
The governing board of the NRF will consist of distinguished experts and professionals
from various fields of study. The ex-officio president of the board will be none other than
the Prime Minister of India. Additionally, the Ministers of Science & Technology and
Education will serve as ex-officio vice-presidents. The executive council, responsible for
governing the NRF’s functioning, will be chaired by the principal scientific adviser to the
government.
Financial Implications
The establishment of the NRF comes with an estimated cost of ₹50,000 crore over the
period of 2023-2028. This substantial investment underscores the government’s
commitment to advancing research and innovation in the country.
Integration and Collaboration
The NRF will foster partnerships and cooperation between industry, academia,
government departments, and research institutions. Its primary objective is to establish
an interface mechanism that allows industries, state governments, scientific bodies, and
line ministries to actively participate and contribute to its initiatives. This approach aims to
encourage collaboration and increase industry spending on R&D.
Expanded Mandate
The NRF bill also entails the repeal of the Science and Engineering Research Board,
established in 2008, integrating its activities into the NRF. Unlike its predecessor, the NRF
has a broader mandate that encompasses activities beyond the scope of the earlier board.
This expansion reflects a comprehensive approach towards nurturing research and
innovation.
Promoting Research and Innovation
The NRF’s ultimate goal is to establish a robust research and innovation ecosystem in
India. By supporting universities, colleges, research institutions, and R&D laboratories, the
NRF aims to drive breakthroughs, technological advancements, and societal impact across
various sectors.
Guidelines for Resource Adequacy Planning Framework for Power Sector
The recently issued guidelines in the power sector aim to ensure the availability of
sufficient electricity for the country’s growth. These guidelines, formulated in consultation
with the Central Electricity Authority (CEA), introduce a procurement framework that
focuses on advance resource procurement by DISCOMs (Distribution Companies).
Procurement Framework: Advance Procurement of Resources
The guidelines emphasize the establishment of an advance procurement framework by
DISCOMs. This approach enables proactive planning and ensures the availability of
resources to meet the electricity demand effectively. By procuring resources in advance,
potential challenges related to resource scarcity and demand fluctuations can be
addressed more efficiently.
Long-Term Contracts and Resource Adequacy
Under the guidelines, DISCOMs are suggested to allocate a significant share of long-term
contracts. At least 75% of the total capacity required by DISCOMs should be covered by
long-term contracts. This approach brings stability to the power sector and promotes
long-term sustainability by ensuring a consistent supply of electricity.
National Load Dispatch Centre’s Role
To address any capacity shortfall in short-term Distribution Resource Adequacy Plans, the
National Load Dispatch Centre (NLDC) plays a crucial role. The NLDC conducts bids to
procure the necessary capacity required to meet short-term resource adequacy plans. This
mechanism ensures a reliable and balanced power supply even during periods of
increased demand or unforeseen circumstances.
Time-Bound Procurement Processes
One of the significant aspects of the guidelines is the specification of a time frame for
procurement processes by DISCOMs. This ensures that the capacity procured by DISCOMs
becomes available when required to serve the projected load. By setting specific time-
bound procurement processes, efficiency is enhanced, and potential delays are mitigated.
Benefits of the Guidelines
These guidelines will bring several major benefits to the power sector. First and foremost,
they aim to provide consumers with 24×7 reliable power supply, ensuring uninterrupted
access to electricity. Additionally, optimized electricity tariffs are sought, allowing
consumers to avail themselves of electricity at reasonable costs.
June 30, 2023
US Supreme Court Ruling on Affirmative Action in College Admissions
Affirmative action in college admissions has been a contentious issue, and the recent
decision by the U.S. Supreme Court has significant implications for race-conscious policies.
Striking Down Race-Conscious Policies

In a landmark decision, the U.S. Supreme Court recently struck down race-conscious
policies in college admissions. These policies, which aimed to increase the diversity of
student bodies, had been widely used by schools across the nation.
The Aim of Affirmative Action
The primary aim of affirmative action in higher education is to enhance student diversity.
By considering various factors, including race, colleges and universities seek to create an
inclusive and enriching educational experience for all students.
The Holistic Approach to Admissions
In the holistic approach, colleges review multiple aspects of an applicant’s profile,
including grades, test scores, and extracurricular activities. This comprehensive evaluation
allows institutions to assess an individual’s potential beyond academic achievements
alone.
Varying Approaches among Schools
Not all schools consider race in their admissions processes. While many selective
institutions utilize race-conscious policies, others adopt alternative methods to achieve
diversity on their campuses.
State Policies and Legal Challenges
Nine states have banned the use of race in admissions policies at public colleges and
universities. In recent years, legal challenges brought by Students for Fair Admissions
have contested affirmative action policies, including claims of unlawful discrimination
against Asian American applicants at Harvard University.
Past Rulings and the Supreme Court’s Stance
In the landmark 1978 case, Regents of the University of California v. Bakke, the Supreme
Court ruled that schools could not use affirmative action to rectify past racial
discrimination. However, the Court recognized the “compelling interest” of increasing
campus diversity, emphasizing the benefits of exposing students to diverse viewpoints.
Revamping Policies for Ensuring Diversity
In response to the Supreme Court’s decision, colleges and universities will need to revamp
their policies and explore new methods of ensuring diversity in their student populations.
The ruling challenges institutions to find innovative approaches to maintain an inclusive
environment.
National Defence Mobilisation Offices
China has adopted new approaches in mobilizing its troops, seeking to enhance its
readiness in the event of contingencies or escalations. These developments have led to
the establishment of National Defence Mobilisation Offices (NDMOs), which serve crucial
functions at the local level.
National Defence Mobilisation Offices (NDMOs)
NDMOs have been established across various cities and regions in China. These offices
play a significant role in economic mobilization, civil air defense mobilization, traffic
readiness, equipment mobilization, technology mobilization, planning, and
implementation of mobilization processes. They act as key coordinators in managing and
executing mobilization efforts within their respective jurisdictions.
The New Reserve Personnel Law
China’s Reserve Personnel Law, implemented from March 1, 2023, aims to improve the
attractiveness of reserve duty and address various aspects of reserve personnel
management. This law covers areas such as military ranks, training, promotion,
mobilization, personnel benefits, and retirement.
Interconnection between NDMOs and Reserve Personnel Law
Both NDMOs and the Reserve Personnel Law are interconnected and serve the purpose of
enhancing China’s military and civilian mobilization capabilities during potential border
escalations or conflicts. NDMOs are responsible for recruiting and managing militia and
reserve forces at the local level, while the Reserve Personnel Law focuses on expanding
the reservist force and making it more effective.
Expanding the Reservist Force
The objective of expanding the reservist force is to increase the availability of active duty
personnel during contingencies and to ensure efficient management of supply lines. By
recruiting and training more region-specific and contingency-specific militia and reserve
personnel, China aims to enhance its capabilities in localized defense scenarios.
Implications and Questions
These reforms raise important questions regarding China’s armed forces and ongoing
military reforms. Firstly, the capabilities of the NDMOs come under scrutiny, considering
their lack of experience and resources for recruitment. Additionally, the expansion of the
reserve personnel cadre seems to contradict the ongoing effort to streamline and
technologically advance the People’s Liberation Army (PLA).
Moreover, the credibility of the newly formed PLA Joint Logistics Support Force comes into
question, as the mobilization mandates of the reservist force involve logistics and supply
line management. Finally, there is curiosity surrounding the distribution of spending on
the armed forces and how the expansion of the reservist force will be funded.
What is Aspartame?
Aspartame, one of the world’s most common artificial sweeteners, has been the subject of
various debates and controversies. Recently, the cancer research arm of the World Health
Organization (WHO), known as the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC),
made headlines with its upcoming listing of aspartame as “possibly carcinogenic.”
IARC: The Cancer Research Arm
The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) serves as the cancer research arm
of the World Health Organization. It focuses on evaluating potential carcinogens and
assigning risk classifications.
The Composition of Aspartame
Aspartame is made up of a methyl ester formed by combining two natural amino acids,
specifically L-aspartic acid and L-phenylalanine. Discovered by James M Schlatter, a
chemist at G D Searle & Co. in 1965, aspartame was initially stumbled upon during
research on an anti-ulcer drug when Schlatter detected its sweet taste accidentally.
Sweetness and Caloric Content
According to the FDA, Aspartame is approximately 200 times sweeter than table sugar.
Despite its high sweetness intensity, 1 gram of aspartame contains only 4 kcals, making it
a preferred choice for individuals looking to cut calories or manage weight.
Safety Certifications
Numerous studies, totaling over 100, have consistently found no evidence linking
aspartame to harm. The USFDA has reviewed aspartame’s safety five times since
permitting its use in food in 1981. Additionally, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA)
and national regulators in various countries, including Japan, Australia, and New Zealand,
have certified aspartame as safe for human consumption.
Special Considerations for Phenylketonurics
Individuals suffering from phenylketonuria (PKU), a rare inherited disorder, should avoid
consuming aspartame. PKU patients lack the enzyme necessary to break down
phenylalanine, one of the amino acids present in aspartame. Foods containing aspartame
carry a warning label stating “Not for phenylketonurics.”
Concerns Surrounding IARC Assessments
The IARC’s assessments have raised concerns among consumers, leading to confusion
and legal disputes. Critics argue that the assessments can be misleading and contribute to
public uncertainty.
Current Account Deficit
The current account deficit (CAD) plays a crucial role in assessing a country’s external
sector. It measures the difference between the value of a nation’s imports and exports of
goods and services.
Understanding CAD
Current Account Deficit serves as a significant indicator of a country’s external economic
performance. It reflects the situation when a nation’s import expenditure exceeds its
export earnings. Alongside the fiscal deficit, which represents the gap between
government expenditures and revenues, CAD is considered a concern for both the stock
market and investors.
Shrinking CAD in Q4 FY2022
During the January-March quarter of FY2023, CAD witnessed a notable reduction. It
narrowed down to $1.3 billion, accounting for 0.2% of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP).
This positive development in CAD can be attributed to multiple factors.
Contributing Factors for the Narrowing of CAD
The moderation in the trade deficit played a significant role in the reduction of CAD during
Q4 FY2022. Furthermore, the robust performance of services exports and increased
remittances, particularly through private transfer receipts, contributed to the positive
trend. Remittances from Indians employed overseas increased by 20.8% compared to the
previous year, further bolstering the narrowing of CAD.
CAD and its Impact on the Stock Market
CAD, along with the fiscal deficit, is viewed as an adversary of the stock market and
investors. A higher CAD indicates a greater need for foreign savings to fill the financing
gap. Conversely, a lower CAD signifies greater resilience within the economy, as it reduces
vulnerability to external factors.
FY2023 Performance and Expectations for FY2024
In FY2023, CAD widened to 2% of GDP, surpassing the previous year’s 1.2% deficit. This
increase in CAD was primarily due to a widening trade deficit, reaching $265.3 billion
compared to $189.5 billion in the previous fiscal year.
Looking ahead to FY2024, experts anticipate a moderation in CAD. Factors such as lower
commodity prices and a surge in portfolio flows during the April-June quarter are
expected to offset slower exports. The projected CAD range for FY2024 is between 1.2%
and 1.6% of GDP.
Michael Rosen
Michael Rosen, the renowned British children’s writer and performance poet, has been
awarded the prestigious PEN Pinter Prize 2023. This accolade is granted to a writer from
the UK, Ireland, and the Commonwealth whose work fearlessly exposes the truth about
contemporary life.
Michael Rosen: A Celebrated Writer
From 2007 to 2009, Michael Rosen held the esteemed position of the British Children’s
Laureate, where he made poetry accessible to children through his captivating work and
performances. He is widely recognized for addressing social, political, and ethical themes
in his writing, contributing to a more inclusive and empathetic literary landscape.
Notable Books and Contributions
Among Michael Rosen’s noteworthy works is “On the Move: Poems about Migration”
(2020), a collection of poems that explores contemporary and historical migrations from
both personal and global perspectives. Rosen’s ability to connect with young readers has
been exemplified in his picture book “We’re Going on a Bear Hunt” (1989), beautifully
illustrated by Helen Oxenbury.
The Impact of Loss and Bereavement
Rosen’s empathetic writing extends to sensitive topics such as loss and bereavement. His
book “Sad Book” (2004), illustrated by Quentin Blake, offers a poignant portrayal of a
father grieving for his deceased son. It has received critical acclaim for its compassionate
approach to these difficult emotions. Additionally, his memoir “Carrying the Elephant: A
Memoir of Love and Loss” (2002) delves into his personal experience of losing his teenage
son to meningitis.
Recognition and PEN Pinter Prize
In 2021, Michael Rosen faced a life-altering experience when he contracted COVID-19 and
was placed in an induced coma for six weeks. His book “Many Different Kinds of Love: A
Story of Life, Death and the NHS” (2021) chronicles this transformative journey. Now, he is
set to receive the PEN Pinter Prize on October 11, 2023. As the recipient, he will also
choose the ‘Writer of Courage’ from a shortlist of international cases supported by English
PEN.
Continuing the Legacy
Michael Rosen follows in the footsteps of notable PEN Pinter Prize laureates such as Hanif
Kureishi, Salman Rushdie, and Malorie Blackman, who received the award in the previous
year. The PEN Pinter Prize celebrates writers who fearlessly express truths and defend
freedom of expression.
American Bald Eagle
The American bald eagle, once on the brink of extinction, has made a remarkable recovery
over the years.
Threats to the Bald Eagle
The existence of the bald eagle was threatened by multiple factors, including hunting and
habitat destruction. In the early 1800s, the population started to decline as bald eagles
were considered a threat to livestock. Hunting intensified, and the rise of the feather hat
fashion industry further contributed to their decline.
DDT and the Silent Spring
The detrimental effects of DDT on bald eagle populations were documented in Rachel
Carson’s influential book, “Silent Spring.” DDT contamination in water bodies led to thin-
shelled eggs and nesting failures. By 1963, the number of nesting pairs dwindled to a
mere 417.
Conservation Efforts and Legislation
In response to the alarming decline, the Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act was
enacted in 1940, expanding protections for these majestic birds. The nationwide ban on
agricultural use of DDT in 1972 and the subsequent enactment of the Endangered Species
Act in 1973 provided further safeguards.
Captive Breeding and Habitat Protection
Captive breeding programs played a crucial role in the resurgence of bald eagles. The US
Fish and Wildlife Service spearheaded programs where eagle colonies were bred in
captivity before being released into the wild. The practice of “hacking,” a controlled
release method, simulated natural nesting environments and aided recovery.
Resurgence and Lessons Learned
Thanks to comprehensive conservation efforts, the population of bald eagles quadrupled
since 2009. In 2007, the bald eagle was removed from the endangered species list. This
success story teaches us valuable lessons: conservation requires comprehensive policies,
takes time to bear fruit, and demands persistence.
Indian Ocean Dipole
Climate patterns in our oceans have a significant influence on weather events worldwide.
Two key phenomena that affect weather conditions are El Nino and La Nina. However, an
equally important but lesser-known phenomenon called the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD)
also plays a vital role, particularly in the Indian Ocean region.
El Nino: A Pacific Ocean Climate Pattern
El Nino refers to a climate pattern characterized by warmer-than-usual sea surface
temperatures in the central and eastern Pacific Ocean. It occurs when prevailing winds
weaken, leading to reduced upwelling of cooler waters. El Nino has a substantial impact
on weather patterns globally, including the suppression of monsoon rainfall in India.
Positive Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD): Counterbalancing El Nino
The IOD is an ocean-atmosphere interaction that occurs in the Indian Ocean. It acts as a
counterbalance to the effects of El Nino. While El Nino disrupts normal weather patterns, a
positive IOD can help mitigate its impacts to some extent in neighboring areas. Currently,
the IOD is in a neutral phase. However, the India Meteorological Department predicts an
80% probability of a positive IOD in the coming months.
Historic IOD Success and Relation to El Nino
The IOD has demonstrated its ability to offset the impacts of El Nino in the past. A notable
example was in 1997 when a positive IOD admirably counterbalanced the effects of El
Nino. This success highlights the importance of understanding the interplay between
these two phenomena and their influence on regional weather patterns.
Impact on Rainfall Distribution
A positive IOD has distinct effects on rainfall distribution. It typically increases rainfall
along the African coastline and the Indian subcontinent. Conversely, it suppresses rainfall
over Indonesia, Southeast Asia, and Australia. However, it is important to note that the
impact of the IOD on rainfall is relatively weaker compared to the influence of El Nino.
IOD Development and Interaction with ENSO
IOD events typically develop and mature through internal dynamics within the equatorial
Indian Ocean. Although external factors such as El Nino can trigger IOD events in some
cases, research suggests that they can also have independent existence. Additionally, the
circulation patterns of the IOD and El Nino (ENSO) can influence each other, impacting
their respective climate patterns.
Lessons Learned and Comprehensive Climate Policies
The interplay between El Nino and the Indian Ocean Dipole underscores the complexity of
climate systems. It highlights the importance of considering multiple factors in weather
predictions and climate resilience efforts. Understanding the behavior of these
phenomena is crucial for developing comprehensive climate policies that address their
impact.
As scientists monitor the development of the IOD and its potential positive phase, it
reminds us of the intricate nature of our planet’s climate systems. The interconnection
between El Nino and the Indian Ocean Dipole reveals the need for ongoing research and
collaboration to gain a deeper understanding of these phenomena and their implications
for global weather patterns.
Meira Paibis
The Meira Paibis, also known as the “women torch bearers” or “Mothers of Manipur,”
hold great significance in the state of Manipur. They are regarded as a powerful moral
force and serve as society’s conscience keepers. Their presence and importance in
Manipuri civil society are permanent and palpable, and they play a crucial role in various
social and political movements.
Fighting Alcoholism and Drug Abuse
In 1977, the Meira Paibis formed a major grassroots movement focused on fighting
alcoholism and drug abuse in Manipur. This movement aimed to address the pressing
social issues related to substance abuse and create awareness about the harmful effects
of addiction.
Supporting Irom Sharmila’s Hunger Strike
Irom Sharmila, an activist, embarked on a remarkable hunger strike from 2000 to 2016 to
protest against the Armed Forces Special Powers Act (AFSPA). The Meira Paibis extended
their support to Sharmila during her hunger strike, amplifying her cause and advocating
for the repeal of the AFSPA, which grants immunity to armed forces in “disturbed” areas.
Demanding the Inner Line Permit System
In 2015, tensions arose in Manipur over the demand for the introduction of the Inner Line
Permit (ILP) system. The Meira Paibis actively participated in the protests and advocated
for the implementation of the ILP system. They emphasized the need to protect local
interests, preserve the region’s culture, and ensure opportunities for the local population.
Role in Thangmeiband Assembly Constituency Bandh
During the tenure of the first BJP-led government in Manipur, the Meira Paibis played a
significant role in a bandh called in the Thangmeiband Assembly constituency. They
demanded the union of two lovers and protested against a politician who was accused of
reneging on his promise to marry a woman. The Meira Paibis mobilized support and called
for a bandh to address this issue.
Influencing the Release of KYKL Cadres
The Meira Paibis were reported to have influenced the release of KYKL cadres during an
operation conducted by security forces. They confronted the security personnel, applying
pressure for the men’s release. Their active involvement showcased their determination
to protect the interests and rights of the people.
Differential Time-Based Electricity Tariffs
The Union Power Ministry in India has recently announced proposed changes that could
revolutionize the electricity tariff system. These changes involve the implementation of
differential time-based electricity tariffs, which aim to optimize energy consumption and
integrate renewable energy sources.
Understanding the Two Types of Time-Based Tariffs
The time-based power tariff structures mentioned in the announcement can be
categorized into two types: static and dynamic. Static tariffs are predetermined tariffs
based on specific time blocks, while dynamic tariffs are determined in real-time according
to the actual demand conditions. The focus of the proposed changes is on static tariffs,
which will be decided in advance for different blocks of the day.
Discounted Tariffs During Solar Hours
Under the Time-of-Day (ToD) tariff system, the power tariff during “solar hours” will be at
least 20% lower than the normal tariff. The duration of solar hours will be specified by the
respective State Electricity Regulatory Commission (SERC). This initiative aims to
encourage consumers to consume electricity during daylight hours when solar power
generation is at its peak. By providing discounted tariffs during solar hours, consumers
are incentivized to shift their energy consumption to these periods.
Peak Hour Surcharge for Commercial and Industrial Consumers
For commercial and industrial consumers, the tariff during peak hours will experience a
minimum increase of 20% compared to the regular tariff. This surge pricing during peak
consumption aims to discourage excessive load on the grid during high-demand periods.
By imposing higher tariffs, consumers are encouraged to reduce their electricity
consumption or shift it to non-peak hours, leading to more efficient grid management.
Timeline and Smart Meters
The ToD tariff system will be applicable for commercial and industrial consumers with a
maximum demand of 10 KW and above from 1st April 2024. For all other consumers,
except agricultural consumers, it will be effective from 1st April 2025. However, the
implementation of the ToD tariff system is contingent upon the installation of smart
meters. Smart meters enable accurate measurement and monitoring of electricity
consumption, making them a prerequisite for the ToD tariff system.
Global Adoption and Challenges in Renewable Integration
Time-based power tariff structures have been implemented in approximately 20 countries,
encompassing some 17 European nations as well as the United States. The objective is to
balance electricity demand and supply efficiently while promoting the integration of
renewable energy sources.
One of the major challenges in integrating renewable energy generation is the variability
in generation trends. Solar and wind power are dependent on weather conditions and
may not align with the demand cycle. To address this issue, alternative technologies such
as hydrogen and hybrid generation models blended with off-stream pumped storage are
being considered for energy storage. These storage solutions help balance the
intermittent nature of renewable energy generation, ensuring a reliable and sustainable
electricity supply.
Gustav Klimt
Gustav Klimt, the renowned Austrian artist, has made history with the sale of his last
portrait at an auction in London.
Record-Breaking Price
Gustav Klimt’s final masterpiece, titled “Dame mit Fächer” or “Lady with a Fan,” fetched
an astounding price of £85.3 million at the Sotheby’s auction. This sale has made it the
most expensive artwork ever sold at a European auction, solidifying Klimt’s position as
one of the most sought-after artists in the world.
Discovery in Vienna Studio
After Gustav Klimt’s passing in 1918, his last portrait was discovered on an easel in his
Vienna studio. The artwork, depicting an unidentified woman in a kimono, showcases
Klimt’s signature rich expressive style, which draws inspiration from Chinese motifs and
Japanese woodblock patterns.
The Auction in London
The prestigious auction took place in London, attracting global attention and fierce
bidding. After an intense ten-minute bidding war, the painting was finally sold to a
collector based in Hong Kong, further emphasizing the international appeal and value of
Klimt’s work.
Previous Record Holder
Before Klimt’s achievement, the title for the most expensive artwork sold at a European
auction belonged to Alberto Giacometti. Giacometti’s 1961 bronze sculpture, “L’Homme
Qui Marche I,” was sold for £65 million in 2010.
Gustav Klimt: A Decorative Painter of the 20th Century
Klimt is widely regarded as one of the greatest decorative painters of the 20th century. His
notable works, such as “The Kiss,” depict the beauty and intricacy of human emotions and
connections. As a pioneer of the Art Nouveau movement, Klimt co-founded the Vienna
Secession in 1897, advocating for artists to break free from classical styles and rules.
The Golden Phase: A Legacy of Gold Leaf
During his Golden Phase, Klimt’s art flourished from the late 1890s to 1909. Inspired by
Byzantine art, he incorporated gold leaf and ornamental detailing into his masterpieces.
Works like “Portrait of Adele Bloch-Bauer I” and “Judith and the Head of Holofernes”
exemplify this opulent style.
Influence on Artists
Gustav Klimt’s innovative techniques and artistic vision have had a profound influence on
subsequent generations of artists. Notable figures such as Egon Schiele and Oskar
Kokoschka have been inspired by Klimt’s expressive style and his exploration of the
female form.
Controversy at the University of Vienna
Klimt’s ceiling paintings at the University of Vienna sparked controversy due to their
depiction of female nudes. The explicit portrayal of sensuous “femme fatales” led to
accusations of obscenity. Consequently, Klimt chose to abstain from accepting further
public commissions.
Tarang Shakti
The Indian Air Force (IAF) is gearing up to organize a significant multilateral exercise
called Tarang Shakti, as disclosed by an official familiar with the matter. This exercise aims
to enhance military cooperation and collaboration with air forces from 12 nations. It is
projected to be the largest air exercise ever conducted in India, involving the participation
of various countries and their military assets.
Participating Nations and Schedule
While the location of the exercise has not been disclosed, air forces from countries like
France, Australia, the United States, and the United Kingdom are expected to join Tarang
Shakti. The exercise is scheduled to take place in October-November of this year. Six air
forces will actively participate in the exercise, while the remaining countries will attend as
observers. However, the final approval for the exercise is pending from the government.
IAF’s Engagements and Collaborations
The IAF has been actively engaging in joint exercises with several countries earlier this
year. Notable exercises include Exercise Orion held at the Mont-de-Marsan airbase in
France and the INIOCHOS exercise at Andravida base in Greece. Additionally, the IAF and
the United States Air Force (USAF) participated in a joint exercise called Cope India-2023
across multiple bases in India.
Upcoming Events
Prior to the Tarang Shakti exercise, the IAF is expected to take part in another exercise in
Egypt, showcasing its commitment to international collaborations and interoperability.
Furthermore, the IAF’s three Rafale fighter jets will participate in the Bastille Day flypast
over the Champs Elysees in Paris on July 14. This event holds significance as Prime
Minister Narendra Modi will be the guest of honor during the Bastille Day Parade, where a
tri-services contingent from India will join their French counterparts.
High Ambient Temperature’s Influence on IPV Prevalence
A recent study published in JAMA Psychiatry sheds light on the correlation between
temperature and intimate partner violence (IPV) against women. Conducted by an
international team of researchers from China, Pakistan, Australia, Germany, Tanzania, the
United Kingdom, and the United States, the study highlights the alarming increase in IPV
cases as temperatures rise across the Indian subcontinent.
Prevalence of Violence
Among the types of violence examined in the study, physical violence was found to have
the highest prevalence, followed by emotional and sexual violence. These findings
underscore the gravity of the issue and its impact on the well-being of women.
Temperature and IPV Prevalence
The study revealed a significant association between high ambient temperature and the
risk of IPV against women. Each 1 °C increase in the annual mean temperature was
associated with a mean increase in IPV prevalence of 4.49%. This alarming correlation
emphasizes the need to address this issue urgently.
Projected Increases and Regional Variations
Projections indicate that IPV prevalence is expected to rise in the coming decades. By the
end of the 21st century, India is projected to experience the highest increase in IPV
prevalence at 23.5%, followed by Nepal at 14.8% and Pakistan at 5.9%. These projections
highlight the need for targeted interventions to prevent and address IPV in these
countries.
Data Collection and Age Range
Data for the study were collected from October 1, 2010, to April 30, 2018. The study
included 194,871 girls and women aged 15-49 from India, Pakistan, and Nepal. This
comprehensive data collection allowed for a robust analysis of the prevalence of IPV in the
region.
Temperature Range during Data Collection
During the data collection period, the annual temperature ranges were mostly between
20°C and 30°C. This temperature range provides insight into the climatic conditions under
which the study findings were obtained.
Oceans' Short-Lived Halogens Contribute 8-10% Cooling
Oceans play a crucial role in regulating the Earth’s climate beyond absorbing carbon
dioxide. A recent study has revealed that oceans release short-lived halogens, such as
chlorine, bromine, and iodine, which contribute significantly to cooling the planet.
The Cooling Effect of Short-Lived Halogens
Currently, short-lived halogens contribute 8-10% to the planet’s cooling. However,
projections indicate that their cooling potential could increase to 18-31% by 2100.
Surprisingly, climate models typically do not account for the significant influence of these
halogens, but the study emphasizes that their impact cannot be ignored.
Factors Contributing to Halogen Release
While short-lived halogens are naturally produced by the oceans, human activities have
amplified their release into the atmosphere. Pollutants deposited on the ocean, such as
ozone, convert soluble short-lived halogens into insoluble ones, forcing their release into
the atmosphere. This interaction between human activities and the oceans has
implications for climate regulation.
Impacts on Ozone and Greenhouse Gases
The presence of short-lived halogens leads to the depletion of ozone in the troposphere, a
greenhouse gas responsible for trapping outgoing radiation and causing warming.
Additionally, these halogens influence methane levels by destroying hydroxyl radicals,
ultimately increasing methane’s lifetime in the atmosphere. Furthermore, short-lived
halogens contribute to increased water vapor levels, a greenhouse gas that further
contributes to warming.
Net Cooling Effect and Future Projections
Despite the warming effects caused by short-lived halogens on methane, water vapor, and
aerosols, they compensate for this by destroying ozone, which exerts a cooling effect. The
net cooling effect of short-lived halogens is estimated to be -0.13 ± 0.03 W m−2.
Projections show that halogen emissions have increased by 61% since the preindustrial
era due to the anthropogenic amplification of natural halogen emissions.
Genetic Variant Link to Multiple Sclerosis
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic condition that affects millions of people worldwide.
Scientists have recently made a breakthrough in MS research by discovering a genetic
variant that is linked to the severity of the disease. This finding is seen as a significant step
towards the development of new treatments for MS.
Unraveling Multiple Sclerosis: Symptoms and Progression
Multiple sclerosis is characterized by a range of symptoms that impact a person’s vision,
movement, and balance. These symptoms can vary from person to person, with some
experiencing phases of relapses while others face a progressive worsening of symptoms
over time. Unfortunately, there is currently no known cure for MS, and the available
treatments focus on managing symptoms rather than halting disease progression.
The Groundbreaking Study: Genetic Variant and MS Severity
The study revealing the genetic variant associated with MS severity was published in the
prestigious journal Nature. The research involved an international collaboration of over 70
institutes and analyzed the genetic data of 12,000 individuals with MS. Among the seven
million genetic variants studied, researchers identified a single variant situated between
the DYSF and ZNF638 genes, which were previously not linked to MS.
The Role of Genes: Repairing Cells and Controlling Infections
The DYSF gene, one of the genes associated with MS severity, plays a vital role in repairing
damaged cells. On the other hand, the ZNF638 gene contributes to controlling viral
infections. Interestingly, these genes exhibit higher activity in the brain and spinal cord
rather than the immune system, which has traditionally been the focus of MS research.
Implications and Future Prospects
The discovery of this genetic variant sheds light on a new potential pathway for MS
treatments. By understanding the impact of these genes on disease progression,
researchers hope to develop therapies that work in different ways, targeting the nervous
system rather than the immune system. However, it is important to note that the
development of such treatments is still in its early stages, and it will take time before they
become available to patients.
Global Impact of Multiple Sclerosis
Multiple sclerosis affects a significant number of individuals worldwide, with over 2.8
million people living with the condition. The discovery of the genetic variant associated
with MS severity brings hope for improved understanding, management, and potential
future treatments for this complex disease.
Gravitational Wave Background
Telescopes around the world have made a remarkable discovery known as the
“gravitational wave background.” This breakthrough, revealed in recent papers, aligns
with Albert Einstein’s general theory of relativity and offers profound insights into the
nature of space and time. The resulting image has exposed a universe reminiscent of a
turbulent sea.
The Origin and Impact of Gravitational Waves
Gravitational waves permeate space and time, generated by densely concentrated
celestial objects, particularly pairs of supermassive black holes spiraling towards each
other before merging. As these waves traverse the universe, they distort and compress
the fabric of space-time itself.
Einstein’s Legacy and the Quest for Evidence
In 1916, Albert Einstein theorized the existence of gravitational waves as an extension of
his groundbreaking general theory of relativity, which proposed that gravity arises from
the bending of space and time caused by matter. Scientists only obtained indirect
evidence of these waves starting in the 1970s until their direct detection in 2016.
Pulsars and the Research BreakthroughThe recent research heavily relied on pulsars,
which are the incredibly dense remnants of exploded stars spinning at an astonishing
rate. A total of 68 pulsars played a crucial role in collecting the evidence supporting the
existence of the gravitational wave background.
Observing the Hum of the Universe
The gravitational wave background, as described by the researchers, can be likened to
hearing a multitude of voices at a party without discerning any specific individual. It
represents a symphony of gravitational waves, each contributing to the overall cosmic
hum.
Broadening Our Understanding of the Cosmos
While astronomers have traditionally relied on studying light to explore the universe,
gravitational waves offer a deeper understanding of its intricate workings. Similar to
ghostly particles called neutrinos, gravitational waves provide researchers with a more
comprehensive means of unraveling the mysteries of our cosmos.
These groundbreaking findings come seven years after the initial detection of
gravitational waves resulting from the collision of two distant black holes. The discovery
was made possible through the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory
(LIGO).
Rajindar Singh Dhatt Receives Points of Light Award
On a special occasion during the UK-India Week celebration, Rajindar Singh Dhatt, a
veteran soldier, was presented with the prestigious Points of Light award by the Prime
Minister of the United Kingdom, Rishi Sunak.
Recognizing Dhatt’s Dedication
Rajindar Singh Dhatt has been the driving force behind the “Undivided Indian Ex-
Servicemen’s Association,” an organization focused on uniting British Indian war veterans.
The Points of Light award acknowledges Dhatt’s exceptional service and his relentless
efforts to bring together these veterans.
A Life of Service
Dhatt, currently based in Hounslow, southwest London, was born in pre-Partition India in
1921. During the Second World War, he joined the British Indian Army, demonstrating his
dedication to serving his country. Through his commitment and hard work, Dhatt climbed
the ranks and achieved the esteemed position of Havildar Major (Sergeant Major) in 1943.
Fighting for Freedom
Dhatt’s valorous actions led him to the battlefield of Kohima in northeast India. He fought
alongside the Allied Forces, bravely supporting their mission to break through the
Japanese defenses. Dhatt’s contributions during this challenging period were vital to the
war efforts.
Continuing Contributions
After the war, Dhatt returned to India before eventually settling in London with his family.
He remained devoted to the welfare of veterans, establishing an online community for
them to share personal stories and connect with one another. Dhatt’s involvement with
war veteran charities, including the Royal British Legion and the Taxi Charity for Military
Veterans, further showcases his dedication to supporting his fellow servicemen.
The Significance of the Points of Light Award
The Points of Light award, bestowed upon exceptional individuals like Dhatt, serves as
recognition for their extraordinary contributions within their communities. It
acknowledges their positive impact and aims to inspire others to find innovative solutions
to societal challenges.
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