Criminology Past Papers

CHAPTER 1
2016
Explain the nature and importance of Criminology in detail.
Define the term Crime and Criminals. Explain the types of criminals in detail.
2017
Write a critical note on the increasing importance of criminology in Pakistan. Also
discuss the historical development of criminology as a scientific discipline.

Enlist the criminological perspectives. Briefly describe the three criminological

perspectives on the study of crime and criminal behavior.
2018
Define Criminology. Discuss the scope of criminology in Pakistan.

What is the Islamic perspective on crime and punishment? Explain your answer
with the help of proper examples.
2019
Travis Hirschi argued that crime results when an individual's bond to society is
weak or broken. Discuss in detail what this theory of social bonding explains about
crime.
Discuss the fundamental postulates of Edwin Sutherland's 'Differential Association
theory' with examples.
2020
What is your position on the nature vs nurture debate in criminology?
Q. No. 3. Define and explain the following concepts: (05 marks each)
(a) Left realism and right realism
(b) Phrenology and Physiognomy
(c) Corporal punishment and capital punishment
(d) Sociology of Law, Criminal Etiology and Penology
2021
Critically analyze the biological theories of criminality.
Q. No. 3. (a) How would you classify criminal behavior? (10 each)
(b) What would be the focus of typology?
2022
What is the difference between crime, deviance, sin, and vice? Do you believe that

crime is one of the major social problems of Pakistani society? Discuss.

What is the meaning of Anomie? Discuss Robert Merton theory of Anomie in

detail.

2023

Q2. Discuss the scope of Criminology as the science dealing with the study of

criminal law, forensics, and criminal investigation.

Suggest Measures to control robberies/dacoities and urban street criminality in

Pakistan.
CHAPTER 02

2016

Write a note on Crime Control Agencies.

Define the term Probation. Discuss the conditions of probation.

2017

Write a comprehensive note on the juvenile justice system of Pakistan. Suggest

measures for the improvement of Juvenile justice system of Pakistan.

Write short notes on:

a) Causes of juvenile delinquency in Pakistan

b) Probation and parole

2018

What is juvenile delinquency? Explain the nature, extent and causes of juvenile

delinquency in Pakistan. Suggest remedial measures for reducing juvenile

delinquency in Pakistan.

Trace back the history and development of police organization in Pakistan

2019
Discuss some of the functions and responsibilities of Juvenile Justice System. Do

you believe that Juvenile Justice has played its role in prevention of juvenile

crimes in Pakistan?

How far recidivism has been limited by the institution of prison? Explain some of

the modem strategies used in prison for the restoration and reintegration of

criminals.

2020

Write a comprehensive note on the risk and protective factors of juvenile

delinquency in Pakistan.

What is recidivism? What kind of institutional modern strategies could be used for

the reintegration of the criminals in Pakistan?

2021
Describe various procedures and problems of Criminal courts in Pakistan.

Define Juvenile probation. Explain the organization and administration of juvenile

probation services.

2022
Define the term juvenile delinquency. Write a note on the history of juvenile

justice system and role of juvenile court in reducing juvenile delinquency.

In Pakistan, the creation of police force is a colonial legacy. In which

circumstances independent police force was established in the pre-independence

era. What major changes have been occurred in the police department in Pakistan?

2023

Q4. How juvenile delinquency can be reduced through the institutional role,
professional counseling, and increased care?

Q5. What challenges are faced by police in controlling crime and maintaining law
and order in the country?

CHAPTER 03

2016

Enlist and discuss the principles of criminal investigation.

Discuss in detail the "Interviewing and Interrogation Techniques" of investigation.

2017

Write a comprehensive note on the principles of criminal investigation. Illustrate

with examples from Pakistan.

Elaborate importance of legal and ethical guidelines for the criminal investigation
of gender-based crimes. Support your answer with examples from Pakistani

society.

2018

What is Criminal investigation? Explain the key principles of criminal

investigation.

To what extent Interpol has been successful in reducing organized crime at

international level. Discuss

2019

Define and differentiate interviewing and interrogation techniques. How far human

rights of criminals are being violated during the interrogation process?

How the forensic science is a helpful tool in the modern day for determining and

detection of violent crimes?

2020

Define criminal investigation and its principles. Highlight with examples the

importance of modern techniques used for crime detection in Pakistan.

The International Criminal Police Organization- ICPO, INTERPOL was founded

in 1914 with the founding principle to coordinate efforts relating to international

police cooperation. How do you see the role of INTERPOL for reducing money

laundering with special reference to Pakistan?

2021

What are the principles and techniques of interrogation? How far these techniques

have potential to clear an accused? (20)

What is the difference between EUROPOL and INTERPOL? How does

EUROPOL assist Member states investigation to control terrorist networks in

Europe?

2022

Q. No. 6. What are the legal and ethical guidelines for investigating gender-based

crimes? Explain your answer with the help of suitable examples.

Q. No. 7. What is meant by forensic criminal investigation? What are the hurdles

in streamlining the forensic criminal investigation in Pakistan?

2023

Q6. Why crime scene is important for investigators? What are the crime scene
search patterns?

Q7. How do international policing and monitoring organizations control human

(20) trafficking?
CHAPTER NO:04

2016

Write a detailed not on Cyber Crime.

Write short notes on any two of the following:

a) Money Laundering

b) White-collar crimes

c) Criminal Law

2017

Write a critical note on the rule of law enforcement agencies in the control of
terrorism in Pakistan. Suggest measures to minimize radicalization in Pakistan.

Write notes on:

a) Money-laundering in Pakistan
b) Gender and Crime

2018

Intelligence-led policing has become an effective model of policing in tackling

organized crime. Discuss the background and key principles of intelligence-led

policing.

Discuss the laws and institutional arrangements for controlling money laundering

in Pakistan.
2019

Cybercrime is increasing at national and international levels. Suggest some

measures to control this kind of crime.

How do violent crimes affect social fabric of Pakistani society? Discuss some of

the modem policing strategies for prevention and control of the violent crimes in

Pakistan.

2020

Explain the institutional corrections and alternative community corrections

strategies in detail. Support your answer with examples where appropriate.

Keeping in view the social learning perspective in criminology, discuss how

terrorists use internet as a tool to reinforce their ideology among youth in Pakistan.

2021

Several specific law enforcement strategies fall within the framework of

intelligence led policing. Discuss any four strategies.

Q. No. 9. (a) What is Trade-Based Money Laundering (TBML)? Discuss with

examples.

(b) Do Cryptocurrencies have a high money laundering risk? Discuss.

2022

What is the role of community policing in curtailing the problem of crime in

Pakistan?

Discuss the role of FIA in controlling organized crimes in Pakistan.

2023
Q8. Terrorism and radicalization continue to pose threat to global peace, economy,
and stability. Discuss.

Q9. What is the role of FIA in controlling organized criminality in Pakistan?