Avw 200
Avw 200
Avw 200
C o p y r i g h t © 2 0 0 8 - 2 0 1 2
C a m p b e l l S c i e n t i f i c , I n c .
Warranty
“PRODUCTS MANUFACTURED BY CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC, INC. are
warranted by Campbell Scientific, Inc. (“Campbell”) to be free from defects in
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consumables have no warranty. Campbell's obligation under this warranty is
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AVW200-series Table of Contents
PDF viewers: These page numbers refer to the printed version of this document. Use the
PDF reader bookmarks tab for links to specific sections.
1. Overview.......................................................................1
1.1 Design Features ........................................................................................1
1.2 Specifications............................................................................................3
1.3 Communication.........................................................................................3
1.3.1 Datalogger.......................................................................................3
1.3.1.1 PakBus Protocol/Direct RS-232 Connection ........................4
1.3.1.2 PakBus Protocol/Wireless Connection..................................4
1.3.1.3 PakBus Protocol/MD485 Communication ............................4
1.3.1.4 SDI-12 Communication Mode ..............................................4
1.3.2 Computer ........................................................................................5
1.3.2.1 Device Configuration Utility.................................................5
1.3.2.2 LoggerNet .............................................................................5
1.3.2.3 Terminal Commands .............................................................5
1.4 Use with Multiplexers...............................................................................5
2. Measurements..............................................................7
2.1 Vibrating Wire..........................................................................................7
2.2 Temperature............................................................................................10
4. Connections ...............................................................18
4.1 Sensor Wiring (no multiplexers) ............................................................18
4.2 Power and Ground ..................................................................................19
4.3 Datalogger Wiring (Direct Connection) .................................................20
4.4 Wireless Connections (AVW206, AVW211, AVW216) .......................21
4.5 Multiplexer Wiring .................................................................................22
4.5.1 AVW200 Controlling the Multiplexer..........................................22
4.5.2 Datalogger Controlling the Multiplexer........................................23
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AVW200-series Table of Contents
6. Programming..............................................................37
6.1 AVW200 Instruction.............................................................................. 37
6.1.1 Pipeline Mode .............................................................................. 41
6.1.2 Sequential Mode........................................................................... 41
6.2 SDI-12 Measurements ........................................................................... 42
6.2.1 SDI12 Recorder() Instruction....................................................... 42
6.2.2 Extended SDI-12 Commands....................................................... 44
6.2.3 Use with Multiplexers .................................................................. 44
Appendices
ii
AVW200-series Table of Contents
Figures
1.4-1. Network of AVW200s and AM16/32Bs (using a direct RS-232
connection)....................................................................................6
1.4-2. Network of AVW206s and AM16/32s (wireless)................................6
1.4-3. Network of AVW200 Interfaces (SDI-12)...........................................7
2.1-1. Cutaway of Vibrating Wire Sensor ......................................................8
2.1-2. DevConfig plots showing the AVW200 measurement approach.......10
4.1-1. Wiring for Sensor Connections ..........................................................19
4.2-1. Ground Lug and Power Connectors on the AVW200........................20
4.4-1. AVW206 with Whip Antenna............................................................21
4.5.1-1. Example AM16/32-series to AVW200 Hookup (multiplexers
controlled by AVW200) .............................................................23
4.5.2-1. AM16/32B to AVW200 Hookup (AM16/32Bs controlled by
datalogger and using SDI-12) .....................................................24
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AVW200-series Table of Contents
Tables
2.1-1. Cutaway of Vibrating Wire Sensor...................................................... 8
2.1-2. AVW200 Measurement Outputs ......................................................... 9
4.3-1. Datalogger to AVW200 Cable Options............................................. 20
4.3-2. 17855 or SC110’s DTE Cable Wiring............................................... 21
4.4-1. Datalogger to Spread Spectrum Radio Connections.......................... 22
5.2.1-1. AVW206 Power Modes and the Recommended Corresponding
RF401 Power Modes.................................................................. 28
5.4-1. Terminal Mode Commands ............................................................... 36
6.2.1. SDI-12 Command Codes ................................................................... 43
7.1-1. Wiring for Example 7.1.1 .................................................................. 45
7.2-1. Wiring for Example 7.2 ..................................................................... 47
7.3-1. Wiring for Example 7.3 ..................................................................... 48
7.4-1. Wiring for Sequential Mode Examples ............................................. 50
7.5-1. SDI-12 Command Codes................................................................... 52
D-1. Description of the Public Table ......................................................... D-1
E-1. Status Fields and Descriptions ............................................................E-1
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AVW200-series 2-Channel Vibrating
Wire Spectrum Analyzer Modules
The AVW200 series consist of a base model (AVW200) and three wireless models
(AVW206, AVW211, AVW216). The wireless models combine the AVW200 with a spread
spectrum radio. The different model numbers of the wireless versions are for different
spread spectrum frequency ranges.
Compatible Radios
• AVW206—910 to 918 MHz (US/Canada) RF401
• AVW211—920 to 928 MHz (Australia/Israel) RF411
• AVW216—2.4 GHz (worldwide) RF416
Throughout this manual AVW200 will refer to all models unless specified otherwise.
Likewise, AVW206 typically refers to all wireless models, and RF401 refers to the
corresponding spread spectrum radio.
1. Overview
The AVW200 module allows the measurement of vibrating-wire strain gauges,
pressure transducers, piezometers, tiltmeters, crackmeters, and load cells.
These sensors are used in a wide variety of structural, hydrological, and
geotechnical applications because of their stability, accuracy, and durability.
Up to two vibrating wire or vibrating strip transducers can be connected to the
AVW200. More sensors can be measured by using multiplexers (see Section
1.4).
1
U.S. Patent No. 7,779,690
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AVW200-series 2-Channel Vibrating Wire Spectrum Analyzer Modules
• Number of steps
• Number of cycles
• Time of Swept Frequency
These parameters are now part of the AVW200 internal operating system and
require no user input. The user only needs to input the lower frequency range,
upper frequency range, and excitation voltage of the sensor.
The AVW200 returns five or six values per measurement. The first value is
the vibrating wire frequency in Hz. The sixth value is the optional thermistor
measurement on Ohms. Values two through five are diagnostic information
giving an indication or validation of the measurement.
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AVW200-series 2-Channel Vibrating Wire Spectrum Analyzer Modules
1.2 Specifications
1.3 Communication
1.3.1 Datalogger
The AVW200 module is designed to work with and complement Campbell
Scientific dataloggers, as well as data acquisition products from other
manufacturers.
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AVW200-series 2-Channel Vibrating Wire Spectrum Analyzer Modules
Read more! You can find Quick Start Guides in Section 3, AVW200()
instruction description in Section 6.1, and programming examples in
Section 7.
Read more! You can find Quick Start Guides in Section 3, AVW200()
instruction description in Section 6.1, and a programming example in
Section 7.1.2.
Read more! You can find a Quick Start Guide in Section 3.3.1,
SDI12Recorder instruction description in Section 6.2, and a programming
example in Section 7.5.
4
AVW200-series 2-Channel Vibrating Wire Spectrum Analyzer Modules
1.3.2 Computer
1.3.2.1 Device Configuration Utility
The Device Configuration (DevConfig) Utility supports AVW200
configuration, operating system download, and vibrating wire spectrum
analysis troubleshooting. To use DevConfig, the AVW200 must be connected
to a PC and a power source. DevConfig is bundled in Campbell Scientific’s
datalogger support software and can also be acquired, at no cost, from
Campbell Scientific’s website. DevConfig 1.10 or greater is required.
1.3.2.2 LoggerNet
LoggerNet supports datalogger programming, accesses the status and public
tables, and displays network routing. Please ensure that the AVW200 CRBasic
instruction is included. If using LoggerNet 3.4.1 or lower, the user needs to
download the most recent OS for the datalogger. This installation installs the
required CRBasic files on the user’s computer so that the AVW200 instruction
shows up in the editor.
Read more! You can find Quick Start Guides in Section 3.2 and 3.3,
wiring information in 4.5, programming information in Section 6, and
programming examples in Section 7.
5
AVW200-series 2-Channel Vibrating Wire Spectrum Analyzer Modules
AM16/32B
AVW200
CR3000
COM1 (C1/C2)
CR1000
COM2 (C3/C4)
COM3 (C5/C6)
COM4 (C7/C8)
FIGURE 1.4-1. Network of AVW200s and AM16/32Bs (using a direct RS-232 connection)
AVW206 AM16/32B
CR3000
CR800, CR850
CR1000 PakAddr = 200
PakAddr = 201
PakAddr = 202
RF401
PakAddr = 203
6
AVW200-series 2-Channel Vibrating Wire Spectrum Analyzer Modules
AM16/32B
CR10X
CR5000 AVW200
CR23X
CR800, CR850
CR1000 0
CR3000
SDI-12 2
2. Measurements
2.1 Vibrating Wire
The spectral approach implemented by the AVW200 offers significantly
improved noise immunity when compared to older period-averaging techniques
implemented by other vibrating-wire interfaces (AVW1, AVW4, and
AVW100). Testing revealed more than two to three orders of magnitude better
noise immunity with the AVW200. In addition, the spectral analysis gives
improved frequency resolution (0.001 Hz rms) during quiet conditions.
The AVW200 measures the resonant frequency of the taut wire in a vibrating
wire sensor (see Figure 2.1-1) with the following procedure. First, the
AVW200 excites the wire with a swept-frequency excitation signal. Next, the
AVW200 records the response from the vibrating wire. Finally, the AVW200
Fourier transforms the recorded response and analyzes the resulting spectrum
to determine the wire’s resonant frequency. This analysis also provides
diagnostic information indicating the quality of the resonant-frequency
measurement.
7
AVW200-series 2-Channel Vibrating Wire Spectrum Analyzer Modules
Vibrating Plucking/
Diaphragm Wire Pickup Coil
8
AVW200-series 2-Channel Vibrating Wire Spectrum Analyzer Modules
Notes:
1. Use for measurement diagnostics.
2. Optional output, not measured if Therm50_60Hz is set to 0.
When using firmware version Std.04 (or higher) and the Response Amplitude
diagnostic is measured as less than 0.01 mV rms (10 microvolts), the Resonant
Frequency reading will be modified to warn the user about the occurrence of
low signal strength amplitudes. If SDI-12 is used to communicate with the
AVW200-series device, the frequency will be given as -9,999,999 under those
conditions. For all other communication methods, the frequency will be given
as NAN (not-a-number) when experiencing this low signal strength condition.
If the user desires the frequency to be returned as NAN for a higher (i.e., more
pessimistic) threshold than 0.01 mV, this can be done by using an optional
parameter in the AVW200 CRBasic Instruction. See Section 6.1 for details
about how this can be done.
The Resonant Frequency reading is also used to warn the user when there is an
invalid voltage supply in the hardware of the device (firmware Std.04 and
higher). If an internal calibration factor is outside of the expected range, then
the value of -555,555 is returned for the frequency measurement. This
indicates to the user that there is a hardware issue on the device which requires
a factory examination and/or repair. Contact Campbell Scientific for
instructions when this value is given as the Resonant Frequency reading.
9
AVW200-series 2-Channel Vibrating Wire Spectrum Analyzer Modules
Response
Amplitude Noise Amplitude
Ending Amplitude
Beginning Amplitude
Please note that the use of the special FFT algorithm to achieve better noise
immunity does require time for computation, which limits the maximum
vibrating wire measurement rate to 2 seconds per sensor. Running a program
at rates faster than this will result in compile/download errors.
Read more! You can find Troubleshoot tool information in Section 5.5 and
Appendix F; and detailed programming information in Section 6.
2.2 Temperature
The AVW200 contains a completion resistor for measuring the internal
thermistor contained in many vibrating wire sensors. The thermistor’s
resistance changes with the internal temperature of the sensor. This
temperature can be used to correct errors in the vibrating wire measurement
due to thermal expansion/contraction of the sensor body. The temperature
correction is often used when the temperature of the medium that the sensor is
measuring is changing (e.g. water temperature in a river or shallow lake).
Temperature is calculated by applying the resistance to a known equation such
as the Steinhart-Hart equation. The Steinhart-Hart coefficients for your sensor
are found in the sensor’s user manual.
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AVW200-series 2-Channel Vibrating Wire Spectrum Analyzer Modules
Read more! You can find an example program that converts resistance to
temperature in Section 7.1.2 and detailed information about the
thermistors in Appendix B.
Sensors Power
Supply
For this simple configuration, the AVW200 can be used straight from the box
(i.e., settings do not need to be changed in DevConfig). The sensor(s) are
attached directly to the AVW200. The AVW200 is connected directly with the
datalogger via the 17855 cable or 18663 cable. The 17855 cable terminates in
pigtails for connection to datalogger control port pairs (C1/C2…C7/C8). The
18663 Null Modem Cable has a DB9 connector for attachment to the
datalogger’s RS-232 port.
2. Use the 17855 cable to attach the AVW200 to a control port pair on the
datalogger (i.e., C1/C2, C3/C4, C5/C6, C7/C8), or use the 18663 Null
Modem cable to attach the AVW200 to the RS-232 port on the datalogger.
3. Connect one end of the 19246 power cable to the 12V and G terminals on
the AVW200 and the other end to the 12V and G terminals on the
datalogger or external power supply.
Read more! You can find power connection information in Section 4.2,
and datalogger connection information in Section 4.3.
11
AVW200-series 2-Channel Vibrating Wire Spectrum Analyzer Modules
AVW200(Result,Com1,200,200,Dst(1,1),1,1,1,1000,3500,2,_60HZ,1,0)
AVW200(Result,Com1,200,200,Dst(2,1),2,1,1,1000,3500,2,_60HZ,1,0)
Where,
AVW200 connects to datalogger control ports 1 & 2 via 17855 cable
(option Com1)
Begin Frequency = 1000
End frequency = 3500
Excitation voltage = 12 V peak to peak (option 2)
Sensors AVW206
Office
Sensors
RF401 Datalogger
Power
Supply
Wireless Connection
For this example configuration, the sensor(s) are attached directly to the
AVW206. The AVW206 interface transmits the data to an RF401 spread
spectrum radio that is connected to the datalogger.
12
AVW200-series 2-Channel Vibrating Wire Spectrum Analyzer Modules
4. Use the power cable to connect the 12V and G terminals on the AVW206
to the 12V and G terminals on the PS100 or another power supply.
1. Configure the RF401 radio so that its parameters match the AVW206.
3. Use the SC12 serial cable to attach the datalogger’s CS I/O port to the
RF401’s CS I/O port. The datalogger’s CS I/O port applies power to the
RF401.
AVW200(Result,ComSDC7,200,200,Dst(1,1),1,1,1,1000,3500,2,_60HZ,1,0)
AVW200(Result,ComSDC7,200,200,Dst(2,1),2,1,1,1000,3500,2,_60HZ,1,0)
Where,
RF401 = configured for SDC7
Begin Frequency = 1000
End frequency = 3500
Excitation voltage = 12 V peak to peak (option 2)
13
AVW200-series 2-Channel Vibrating Wire Spectrum Analyzer Modules
4. Use the 17855 cable to attach the AVW200 to control port pairs on the
datalogger, or use the 18663 Null Modem cable to attach the AVW200 to
the RS-232 port on the datalogger.
5. Connect one end of the 19246 power cable to the 12V and G terminals on
the AVW200 and the other end to the 12V and G terminals on the
datalogger or external power supply.
Read more! You can find power and ground connection information in
Section 4.2, and datalogger connection information in Section 4.3.
14
AVW200-series 2-Channel Vibrating Wire Spectrum Analyzer Modules
AVW200(Data1(),Com1,200,200,mux1(1,1),1,1,16,450,3000,2,_60HZ,1,0)
AVW200(Data2(),Com1,200,200,mux2(1,1),2,1,16,450,3000,2,_60HZ,1,0)
Where,
AVW200 connects to datalogger control ports 1 & 2 via 17855 cable
(option Com1)
Each multiplexer has 16 sensors connected to it.
Begin Frequency = 450
End frequency = 3000
Excitation voltage = 12 V peak to peak (option 2)
Office
Sensors Multiplexer
RF401 Datalogger
Power
Supply
Wireless Connection
15
AVW200-series 2-Channel Vibrating Wire Spectrum Analyzer Modules
6. Use the power cable to connect the 12V and G terminals on the AVW206
to the 12V and G terminals on the PS100 or another power supply.
1. Configure the RF401 radio so that its parameters match the AVW206.
3. Use the SC12 serial cable to attach the datalogger’s CS I/O port to the
RF401’s CS I/O port. The datalogger’s CS I/O port applies power to the
RF401.
16
AVW200-series 2-Channel Vibrating Wire Spectrum Analyzer Modules
AVW200(Data1(),ComSDC7,200,200,mux1(1,1),1,1,16,450,3000,2,_60HZ,1,0)
AVW200(Data2(),ComSDC7,200,200,mux2(1,1),2,1,16,450,3000,2,_60HZ,1,0)
Where,
RF401 = configured for SDC7
Each multiplexer has 16 sensors connected to it.
Begin Frequency = 450
End frequency = 3000
Excitation voltage = 12 V peak to peak (option 2)
Sensors Multiplexer
Datalogger
CABLE4CBL Cable
CABLE3CBL Cable
For this example configuration, SDI-12 is used to measure the vibrating wire
sensors. The vibrating wire sensors are attached to multiplexers, which are
controlled by the datalogger.
(2) SDI-12 is the only option available for our CR10X, CR23X,
and CR5000 dataloggers.
17
AVW200-series 2-Channel Vibrating Wire Spectrum Analyzer Modules
NOTE SDI-12 uses the CLK and RESET on the multiplexer instead of
the CLK and RESET address on the AVW200.
6. Connect one end of the 19246 power cable to the 12V and G terminals on
the AVW200 and the other end to the 12V and G terminals on the
datalogger or external power supply.
Read more! You can find power and ground connection information in
Section 4.2, and datalogger connection information in Section 4.3.
4. Connections
4.1 Sensor Wiring (no multiplexers)
Up to two vibrating wire sensors can be directly connected to the AVW200
(see Figure 4.1-1). Sensor cabling is sold as a part of the sensor (refer to the
sensor manual for wire colors). Cable options for connecting the AVW200 to
the datalogger are listed in Table 4.3-1.
18
AVW200-series 2-Channel Vibrating Wire Spectrum Analyzer Modules
AVW200
NOTE Only connect the AVW200 ground lug to earth ground when the
AVW200 is not directly connected to the datalogger. When a
datalogger is in the same enclosure, only connect the
datalogger’s ground lug to earth ground.
The AVW200’s ground lug is connected to earth ground via an 8 AWG wire.
This connection should be as short as possible.
The 19246 power cable is shipped with each AVW200 for connection to a
power source. The cable terminates in pigtails that attach to the 12V and G
terminals on the AVW200 and the power source. Often the AVW200 is
powered by the datalogger, but another 12 Vdc power source may be used.
19
AVW200-series 2-Channel Vibrating Wire Spectrum Analyzer Modules
Indicates AVW200 is
connected to a power source
20
AVW200-series 2-Channel Vibrating Wire Spectrum Analyzer Modules
Ground Lug
(connect to earth ground
via 8 AWG wire) Whip Antenna
21
AVW200-series 2-Channel Vibrating Wire Spectrum Analyzer Modules
Vibrating Wire Required Spread Cable used for Radio Port for Datalogger Port
Interface Model Spectrum Radio datalogger to radio Cable Attachment for Cable
Model connection Attachment
AVW206 RF401 SC12 CS I/O CS I/O
AVW211 RF411 SC12 CS I/O CS I/O
AVW216 RF416 SC12 CS I/O CS I/O
NOTES (1) The AVW206, AVW211, and AVW216 are not compatible
with the RF450, RF400, RF410, and RF415 spread spectrum
radios.
22
AVW200-series 2-Channel Vibrating Wire Spectrum Analyzer Modules
23
AVW200-series 2-Channel Vibrating Wire Spectrum Analyzer Modules
AVW200
CR10X,
CR800, CR3000, CR23X,
CR850 CR1000 CR5000
CABLE
MUXPOWER
SHIELD
G G
SHIELD
12 V 12 V 12 V
GND
RES
CLK
12V
G G G
N
O
24
AVW200-series 2-Channel Vibrating Wire Spectrum Analyzer Modules
NOTES (1) The default settings for the AVW200 may be used for many
applications.
1. Use the 19246 Power Cable (shipped with the AVW200) to connect the
AVW200 to the datalogger's 12 V supply or a regulated external power
source. When connecting the power leads, the ground lead should be
connected first and then the 12 V lead.
2. Connect the AVW200 to a COM port on your computer using the 10873
RS-232 cable (shipped with the AVW200).
3. Open DevConfig.
25
AVW200-series 2-Channel Vibrating Wire Spectrum Analyzer Modules
5. Select the Serial Port matching the COM port on your computer in which
the AVW200 is connected.
26
AVW200-series 2-Channel Vibrating Wire Spectrum Analyzer Modules
NOTE Certain AVW206 settings must match the RF401 settings for
communications between the interface and radio to be
successful.
Protocol—choose "PakBus" for the “Protocol” setting. Please note that the
“Protocol” setting for the RF401-series radio must be set to either “PakBus
Aware” or “PakBus Node” for communications to be successful.
RS-232 Baud Rate—enter the baud rate in which you want to communicate.
Hop Sequence—enter the radio ”Hop Sequence” that matches all of the RF401
radios and other AVW206 Interfaces in the network. Valid entries are 0-6.
27
AVW200-series 2-Channel Vibrating Wire Spectrum Analyzer Modules
Net Address—enter the radio network address that matches all of the RF401
radios and other AVW206 in the network. Valid entries are 0-3
Power Mode—If not using a radio, select “Radio Off” for the Power Mode.
Otherwise, select a power mode that works with the RF401’s power mode (see
Table 5.2.1-1).
Retry Level—select the desired Retry Level (None, Low, Medium or High)
according to the level of RF ‘collisions’ you expect. This depends on how
many neighboring spread spectrum radios are in and out of your network and
the frequency of transmissions. (For most applications, select Low for the
Retry Level.)
Once the settings have been defined, press Apply to save the changes to the
AVW200.
28
AVW200-series 2-Channel Vibrating Wire Spectrum Analyzer Modules
5.2.2 Measurement
The Deployment/Measurement Tab is used to configure the SDI-12 Address,
multiplexer type, begin frequency, end frequency, and excitation (see Figure
5.2.2-1).
29
AVW200-series 2-Channel Vibrating Wire Spectrum Analyzer Modules
Once the settings have been defined, press Apply to save the changes to the
AVW200.
30
AVW200-series 2-Channel Vibrating Wire Spectrum Analyzer Modules
Read more! Appendix D lists the fields in the public table and provides a
brief description of each.
The status table contains system operating status information accessible (see
Figure 5.3-2).
Note: DevConfig polls the status table at regular intervals, and then updates the
status information.
31
AVW200-series 2-Channel Vibrating Wire Spectrum Analyzer Modules
5.4 Send OS
For most applications, Campbell Scientific does not anticipate that it will be
necessary to download a new operating system to the AVW200. However, if a
new operating system (OS) is required, in order to send a new OS to the
AVW200 you will need Device Configurator (DevConfig) 1.10 or greater.
First connect the RS-232 port of the AVW200 to a serial port on your computer
using a 9-pin serial cable and follow the steps below.
2. Open DevConfig.
3. Highlight the AVW200 in the list of devices which appears in the left-hand
portion of the window.
4. Select the COM port to which the AVW200 is connected from the drop
down list box at the bottom left of the window.
5. Click the Send OS tab and follow the directions on the screen (Fig. 5.4-1).
32
AVW200-series 2-Channel Vibrating Wire Spectrum Analyzer Modules
5.5 Troubleshoot
The Troubleshoot tool in DevConfig can be used to evaluate the frequency
spectrum of a sensor and to determine the most appropriate beginning and
ending frequencies for a sensor.
2. Click the Troubleshoot tab at the top of the DevConfig opening window
(Figure 5.5-1)
3. Click the Options tab at the bottom of the Troubleshoot screen to set the
begin and end frequencies and the excitation voltage you wish to test for a
given sensor (Figure 5.5-2). You may also choose to poll (default) or not
to poll the time series data from this Options window by checking or
unchecking the poll time series box.
33
AVW200-series 2-Channel Vibrating Wire Spectrum Analyzer Modules
4. Select the AVW200 channel either 1 or 2 and the multiplexer channel that
the sensor is attached. If not using a multiplexer, then set the multiplexer
channel to one.
5. Once the appropriate settings have been specified, click OK on the Options
window and click the Poll tab at the bottom of the Troubleshoot window.
The results of the Poll will be displayed on a Spectrum graph and a Time
Series graph (see Figure 5.5-3).
34
AVW200-series 2-Channel Vibrating Wire Spectrum Analyzer Modules
Response
Amplitude Noise Amplitude
Ending Amplitude
Beginning Amplitude
In Figure 5.5-3, the bottom graph shows the raw time series data recorded from
a vibrating wire sensor after the sensor has been excited with the frequency
swept voltage signal and the top graph shows the spectrum after the AVW200
has applied the FFT. In addition to the wire’s resonant frequency, the spectrum
shows the response amplitude, noise amplitude, and noise frequency. The
AVW200 computes the signal-to-noise ratio diagnostic by dividing the
response amplitude by the noise amplitude. The AVW200 computes the decay
ratio diagnostic from the time-series ending amplitude divided by the
beginning amplitude.
6. The results of the poll may be saved by clicking the Save Last Results tab
at the bottom of the window.
35
AVW200-series 2-Channel Vibrating Wire Spectrum Analyzer Modules
5.7 Terminal
You can monitor the AVW200 with terminal commands via the terminal
emulator in DevConfig or LoggerNet. You can also use a terminal emulator,
such as HyperTerminal or ProComm.
To enter terminal commands, first connect the RS-232 port of the AVW200 to
a serial port on your computer using the 10873 RS-232 cable (shipped with the
AVW200). After specifying the appropriate COM port (port to which the
AVW is attached) and communication baud rate (AVW baud rate = 38400),
press Carriage Return (CR) four times or until the AVW200> is returned. A
description of the available terminal commands and the values returned for
each command are listed in the Table 5.4-1.
TABLE 5.4-1. Terminal Mode Commands
36
AVW200-series 2-Channel Vibrating Wire Spectrum Analyzer Modules
Read more! Appendix D. lists the fields in the public table and provides a
brief description of each. Appendix E. provides a comprehensive list of
status table variables with brief descriptions.
6. Programming
6.1 AVW200 Instruction
NOTE If using SDI-12 to communicate with the AVW200, then use the
SDI12Recorder instruction to trigger and retrieve measurements
from the AVW200 (see Section 6.2.)
The datalogger program can run the AVW200 instruction in either the pipeline
mode (Section 6.1.1) or sequential mode (Section 6.1.2). In the pipeline mode,
the first execution of the instruction sets up the AVW200; subsequent
execution intervals retrieve the data values. If different beginning and ending
frequencies are required to measure different types of sensors, use multiple
AVW200 instructions with different beginning and ending frequencies
specified in each instruction. The sequential mode performs each instruction in
sequence; waits for each instruction completion; and then repeats this process
for each execution interval. The minimum scan rate for an AVW200 program
is 2 seconds per sensor.
Syntax
AVW200 (Result, ComPort, NeighborAddr, PakBusAddr, Dest, AVWChan,
MuxChan, Reps, BeginFreq, EndFreq, ExVolt, Therm50_60Hz, Multiplier,
Offset, [Optional] AmpThreshold)
37
AVW200-series 2-Channel Vibrating Wire Spectrum Analyzer Modules
Code Description
0 Communication successful. Values have been
written to the destination array.
>1 Number of communication failures. NAN values
will be stored in the destination array. Resets to 0
upon successful communication.
-3 First communication. Values will be available on
the next scan.
Alphanumeric Description
ComRS232 AVW200 connects to datalogger’s RS-232
port via 18663 cable
ComME RF401 connects to datalogger's CS I/O
port; RF401 configured as modem enabled
ComSDC7 RF401 connects to datalogger's CS I/O
port; RF401 configured as SDC7
ComSDC8 RF401 connects to datalogger's CS I/O
port; RF401 configured as SDC8
ComSDC10 RF401 connects to datalogger's CS I/O
port; RF401 configured as SDC10
ComSDC11 RF401 connects to datalogger's CS I/O
port; RF401 configured as SDC 11
Com1 AVW200 connects to datalogger's control
ports 1 & 2 via 17855 cable
Com2 AVW200 connects to datalogger's control
ports 3 & 4 via 17855 cable
Com3 AVW200 connects to datalogger's control
ports 5 & 6 via 17855 cable
Com4 AVW200 connects to datalogger's control
ports 7 & 8 via 17855 cable
Dest The Dest parameter is the variable array in which to store the
results of the instruction. Dest is a single-dimensioned array
of 5 or 6 (depending upon whether a thermistor is being
measured) if only one sensor is being measured. Dest is a
38
AVW200-series 2-Channel Vibrating Wire Spectrum Analyzer Modules
39
AVW200-series 2-Channel Vibrating Wire Spectrum Analyzer Modules
Code Description
0 No thermistor measurement (5 values returned in
Dest)
_60Hz Use 60 Hz noise rejection (6 values returned in
Dest)
_50Hz Use 50 Hz noise rejection (6 values returned in
Dest)
40
AVW200-series 2-Channel Vibrating Wire Spectrum Analyzer Modules
The result codes returned via sequential mode function the same as they do in
the pipeline mode. However, in sequential mode, it is a good idea to have
different result code variables for each AVW200( ) instruction. This is because
if communication was disconnected between two AVW200( ) instructions, then
data collected via the first instruction would correctly be stored into destination
variables for that instruction. But, because of the break in communication, the
destination variables for the second instruction would be filled with NANs and
the result code would increment (indicating a failed communication). With
41
AVW200-series 2-Channel Vibrating Wire Spectrum Analyzer Modules
different result variables for each AVW200( ) instruction, this situation can be
detected. Therefore, the result variable for the first instruction would be zero
(indicating successful communication) and the result variable for the second
instruction would increment (indicating a failed communication). In the
pipeline mode this situation does not exist, so the result code variables can be
the same for multiple AVW200( ) instructions on a given communication port.
NOTES (1) When running in the sequential mode, programs that contain
multiple AVW200 instructions using the same COM port should
have different “Result” variables for each AVW200 instruction
(e.g. “Result1” and “Result2”) in order to detect and isolate any
communications errors for a given AVW200.
Sytnax
SDI12Recorder ( Dest, SDIPort, SDIAddress, "SDICommand", Multiplier,
Offset )
42
AVW200-series 2-Channel Vibrating Wire Spectrum Analyzer Modules
43
AVW200-series 2-Channel Vibrating Wire Spectrum Analyzer Modules
If a check summed command fails, a NAN will be returned and the command
will be retried.
Mult, Offset The Mult and Offset parameters are each a constant,
variable, array, or expression by which to scale the results of
the measurement.
The second and remaining measurements will revert back to the settings
specified via DevConfig.
The SDI-12 aI! command is used to obtain information about a specific sensor.
When executed against the AVW200-series device, the following information
is returned:
44
AVW200-series 2-Channel Vibrating Wire Spectrum Analyzer Modules
7. Example Programs
This section includes several program examples for our CR1000 datalogger.
Although the examples are for the CR1000, programming for the CR800 and
CR3000 is similar. Appendix G. has a programming example for the retired
CR10X. More complex programming examples are provided in Appendix H.
DataTable (AVW200,1,-1) 'stores data from both sensors into a table named AVW200
DataInterval (0,10,Sec,10)
Sample (6,Dst(1,1),IEEE4)
Sample (6,Dst(2,1),IEEE4)
EndTable
'The CardOut instruction is used to create a new DataTable that will be saved on a compact flash card.
DataTable (AVWcard,1,-1)
CardOut (0 ,-1)
DataInterval (0,10,Sec,10)
Sample (6,Dst(1,1),IEEE4)
Sample (6,Dst(2,1),IEEE4)
EndTable
BeginProg
SerialOpen (Com1,38400,0,0,0)
Scan (10,Sec,0,0)
PanelTemp (PTemp,250)
Battery (Batt_volt)
'Result,comport,neighbor,PBA,Dst,chan,muxchan,reps,begFreq,endFreq,Vx,
'IntegrationTime,Mult,Offset
'sensor 1, channel 1
AVW200(Result,Com1,200,200,Dst(1,1),1,1,1,1000,3500,2,_60HZ,1,0)
'sensor 2, channel 2
AVW200(Result,Com1,200,200,Dst(2,1),2,1,1,1000,3500,2,_60HZ,1,0)
45
AVW200-series 2-Channel Vibrating Wire Spectrum Analyzer Modules
CallTable avw200
CallTable avwcard
NextScan
EndProg
'The CR1000 communicates with the remote AVW206 through an RF401 radio attached to the
'logger's CS/IO port in SDC7 mode.
'The Pakbus address of the AVW206 used in this example is 15.
'
Public batt_volt,Ptemp
Public VWvalues(6)
Public VWResults
Public Psi,Temp
Dim Digits
Dim ZeroRding(32)
'Below are coefficients for Steinhart-Hart equation used to convert 'resistance to Temp
Const A=.0014051
Const B=.0002369
Const C=.0000001019
BeginProg
Scan (10,Sec,0,0)
PanelTemp (PTemp,250)
Battery (Batt_volt)
AVW200(VWResults,ComSDC7,0,15,VWvalues(1),1,1,1,1000,2500,2,_60Hz,1,0)
Digits = (Freq/1000)^2 * 1000 'Convert frequency to Digits
46
AVW200-series 2-Channel Vibrating Wire Spectrum Analyzer Modules
NextScan
EndProg
'CR1000
'Public Temp_C
Public Data1, Data2
Public Mux1(16,6), Mux2(16,6)
Units BattV=Volts
Units PTemp_C=Deg C
'Main Program
BeginProg
SerialOpen (Com1,38400,0,0,0)
Scan(90,Sec,1,0)
AVW200(Data1(),Com1, 200, 200, mux1(1,1),1,1,16,450,3000,2,_60HZ,1,0)
AVW200(Data2(),Com1, 200, 200, mux2(1,1),2,1,16,450,3000,2,_60HZ,1,0)
Battery(BattV)
PanelTemp(PTemp_C,_60Hz)
CallTable(VWTable1)
NextScan
EndProg
47
AVW200-series 2-Channel Vibrating Wire Spectrum Analyzer Modules
In this example program, a returned “Result” value (the first parameter in the
AVW200( ) instruction) of zero indicates successful communication and tells
us that the data values have been stored in the destination variable, in this case,
AVWDst(). If there is a failure in communication, the “Result” value
increments for each failure and the AVWDst() values are filled with NAN's.
The datalogger will retry communications three times before returning a failed
communication or incrementing the result (retries are every 3 seconds or
greater depending on the radio-power-cycle configuration). A negative value
returned for the “Result” variable indicates status information (e.g., a -3
indicates the AVW200 has not made the first measurement; -4 indicates that no
parameter information is available). Note that the “Result” variable in both
AVW200( ) instructions are the same. There is no reason to have different
“Result” variables for a given communication port in the pipeline mode.
48
AVW200-series 2-Channel Vibrating Wire Spectrum Analyzer Modules
PipeLineMode
BeginProg
SerialOpen (Com1,38400,0,0,0)
NOTES (1) When running in the sequential mode, programs that contain
multiple AVW200 instructions using the same COM port should
have different “Result” variables for each AVW200 instruction
(e.g. “Result1” and “Result2”) in order to detect and isolate any
communications errors for a given AVW200.
49
AVW200-series 2-Channel Vibrating Wire Spectrum Analyzer Modules
Table 7.4-1 shows the wiring used for both Sequential Mode examples.
SequentialMode
BeginProg
SerialOpen (Com1,38400,0,0,10000)
Scan (64,Sec,0,0) ' (2 * 32 measurement) = 64 seconds
PanelTemp(PTemp,250)
Battery (Batt_volt)
AVW200(Result1,Com1,200,200,AVWDst(1,1),Chan1,MuxChan,Reps,Bfreq,Efreq,Xvolt,_60Hz,1,0)
AVW200(Result2, Com1,200,200,AVWDst(17,1),Chan2,MuxChan,Reps,Bfreq,Efreq,Xvolt,_60Hz,1,0)
NextScan
EndProg
' Example Program running in the Sequential mode with the Datalogger
' controlling the muxes. For this program, the reset line of both muxes is
' connected to datalogger C3. Mux1 clock line is connected to DL C4 and Mux2
' clock line is connected to DL C5.
SequentialMode
Public PTemp, batt_volt, x
Public Result1, Result2, AVWDst(32,6)
50
AVW200-series 2-Channel Vibrating Wire Spectrum Analyzer Modules
Dim tmpavw200(6)
BeginProg
SerialOpen (Com1,38400,0,0,0)
Scan (64,Sec,0,0) ' (2 * 32 measurement) = 64 seconds
PanelTemp (PTemp,250)
Battery (Batt_volt)
PortSet(3, 1) ' Reset High Mux On, both mux's share the RST
Delay(1, 100, mSec) ' before clocking
For x = 1 To 16
PulsePort(4, 2000) ' Advance Mux #1 on C4 port (clock high for 2mSec)
PulsePort(5, 2000) ' Advance Mux #2 on C5 (clock high for 2mSec)
Delay(1, 10, mSec) ' Mux Settling Time
AVW200(Result1,Com1,200,200,tmpavw200(1),Chan1,MuxChan,Reps,Bfreq,Efreq,Xvolt,_60Hz,1,0)
Move(AVWDst(x,1),6,tmpavw200(1),6) ' now copy tmp value to the Dst
AVW200(Result2,Com1,200, 00,tmpavw200(1),Chan2,MuxChan,Reps,Bfreq,Efreq,Xvolt,_60Hz,1,0)
Move(AVWDst(x+16,1),6,tmpavw200(1),6) ' now copy tmp value to the Dst
Next
For this example, two multiplexers are measured by the datalogger. The
AVW200 interface module cannot control multiplexers in the SDI-12
communication mode. Hence, when communicating to the AVW200 via SDI-
12, any multiplexers attached to the AVW200 must be controlled by the
datalogger. This is achieved by using PortSet instructions in the datalogger
program (see example below) and by connecting the clock and reset lines of the
multilplexers to control ports on the datalogger. When using SDI-12 with the
AVW200, the clock and reset lines of the AVW200 are not used.
Extended SDI-12 commands can be used to change the begin, end frequencies
and the excitation voltage of the vibrating wire sensors attached to the
AVW200. However, these extended SDI-12 commands only work for the next
measurement command. By default, standard SDI-12 measurement commands
use the begin/end/excite voltage settings specified in the AVW200 settings
using DevConfig. However, after issuing an extended SDI-12 command, the
51
AVW200-series 2-Channel Vibrating Wire Spectrum Analyzer Modules
very next measurement will use the bbbb,eeee and vvvv values specified in the
extended command. The second and remaining measurements will revert back
to the settings specified via DevConfig.
Table 7.5-1 shows the specific SDI-12 Command Codes and their returned
values.
52
AVW200-series 2-Channel Vibrating Wire Spectrum Analyzer Modules
' Example Program running SDI12 commands with the Datalogger controlling
' 2 mux's. For this program, the AVW SDI-12 port is connected to DL C1.
' The reset line of both muxes is connected to datalogger C3. Mux1 clock line
' is connected to DL C4 and Mux2clock line is connected to DL C5. The SDI-12
' address of the AVW200 is set to 1.
SequentialMode
Dim I
BeginProg
Scan (150,Sec,0,0)
PanelTemp(PTemp,250)
Battery(Batt_volt)
PortSet(3, 1) ' Reset High, Mux On, both mux's share this reset port
Delay(1, 100, mSec) ' delay before clocking
' Advance Mux #1 (clock line connected to C4; clock high for 2mSec)
PulsePort(4, 2000)
Delay(1, 10, mSec) ' Mux Settling Time
' Advance Mux #2 (clock line connected to C5; clock high for 2mSec)
PulsePort(5, 2000)
Delay(1, 10, mSec) ' Mux Settling Time
53
AVW200-series 2-Channel Vibrating Wire Spectrum Analyzer Modules
(1) The AVW200 is powered. The red LED at the front of the AVW200 will
remain lit for 15 seconds on initial power up and then blink intermittently.
(2) The correct COM port has been selected. The COM port entry is provided
on the lower left corner of the DevConfig screen.
(3) The correct baud rate of the AVW200 has been selected. The default baud
rate of the AVW200 is 38400.
(1) The AVW200 is powered. The red LED at the front of the AVW200 will
remain lit for 15 seconds on initial power up and then blink intermittently.
(2) The AVW200 PakBus address is different than the PakBus address of the
datalogger.
(3) The AVW200 PakBus address is entered correctly in the AVW instruction
of the datalogger program.
1. Verify that the AVW20X is powered. The red LED at the front of the
AVW will remain lit for 15 seconds on initial power up and then blink
intermittently.
The active interface on the radio attached to the DL running the AVW
instruction must match the ComPort specified in the AVW instruction;
e.g., if you are using an RF401 (configured for SDC7) attached to a
datalogger to communicate with a remote AVW206, then the ComPort
specified in the AVW instruction must be SDC7 (or whatever active
interface the RF401 is set for).
The power supply battery may not be charging properly due to solar panel
orientation, poor connection, or due to a charging transformer problem.
The battery itself may have discharged too low too many times, ruining
the battery. Lead acid batteries like to be topped off.
54
AVW200-series 2-Channel Vibrating Wire Spectrum Analyzer Modules
Swap in a known good RF401 or AVW206 with the same settings and see
if this cures the problem. Lightning damage can occur leaving no visible
indications. A “near miss” can cause damage as well as a more direct hit
with evidence of smoke.
Swap in a known good antenna and/or cable. Hidden damage may exist.
It is possible that moisture has penetrated inside the plastic sheath of the
coaxial cable. Water inside the cable can absorb RF energy and attenuate
the transmitted signal; the received signal would also be attenuated. It is
difficult to dry out the interior of a coaxial cable. Substitution of a dry
cable is recommended.
This problem can be observed from LED behavior when operating a hand-
held radio near an AVW206 that is receiving collected data from a remote
station. If you key a hand-held 150 MHz or 450 MHz transmitter, even
though its frequency of operation is far removed from the 900 MHz band,
its close proximity to the AVW206 can overwhelm (de-sense) the
AVW206 receiver resulting in failed packets and LoggerNet retries. This
problem could also occur if you located an AVW206 at a site containing
commercial transmitters or repeaters. In general it is best to avoid such
sites, especially the high-power FM or AM transmitter antenna sites
which can change at any time with added equipment.
There are some things you can try to get that extra few dBs of signal
strength sometimes necessary for a dependable RF link. The drop in
signal going from Winter (no deciduous tree leaves) to Spring sometimes
requires a little more signal.
a. Raise the antenna height using a mast, tower or higher terrain. Often
a little extra height makes the difference.
55
AVW200-series 2-Channel Vibrating Wire Spectrum Analyzer Modules
There are some measures you can take to reduce interference from
neighboring 900 MHz transmitters:
10. AVW206 or other radio in the network has the wrong Network Address,
Radio Address, Hopping Sequence, or Standby Mode
56
Appendix A. Conversion from Hertz
The calibration report provided with each vibrating wire sensor contains the
information required to convert Hertz, the frequency value output by the
AVW200, to the appropriate units (e.g., displacement pressure).
These steps convert Hertz to the appropriate unit (e.g., displacement, pressure):
1. If the values in the Calibration Report are in digits, use the following
equation to convert the AVW200’s frequency values from Hertz to digits.
2. Use the gage factors and polynomial provided in the Calibration Report to
calculate displacement.
Digits = (Freq/1000)2*1000
Therefore,
if Freq = 2400 then:
A-1
Appendix A. Conversion from Hertz
A-2
Appendix B. Thermistor Information
B.1 Converting Resistance to Temperature
The AVW200 outputs a resistance value for sensors that contain a thermistor.
Temperature is calculated by applying the resistance to a known equation (e.g.,
Steinhart-Hart equation) which converts resistance to temperature.
The coefficients for the Steinhart-Hart equation are specific to the thermistor
contained in your sensor and are obtained from the sensor manufacturer.
NOTE Please see your manufacturer to get the coefficients for their
thermistor.
A=0.0014051
B=0.0002369
C=0.0000001019
The equation for converting the resistance measurement to degrees Celsius is:
Temperature = 31.98°C
1. Thermistor's interchangeability
B-1
Appendix B. Thermistor Information
Errors three through six can probably be ignored. The wire resistance is
primarily an offset error and its affect can be removed by the initial calibration.
Errors caused by the change in wire resistance due to temperature and
thermistor interchangeability are not removed by the initial calibration.
Figures B.2-1 through B.2-4 show how wire resistance affects the temperature
measurement for a Geokon 4500 Vibrating Wire Piezometer.
FIGURE B.2-1. Temperature Measurement Error at Three Temperatures as a Function of Lead Length.
Wire is 22 AWG with 16 ohms per 1000 feet.
B-2
Appendix B. Thermistor Information
B-3
Appendix B. Thermistor Information
B-4
Appendix C. Antennas, Antenna
Cables, and Surge Protectors for the
AVW206, AVW211, and AVW216
C.1 Antennas
Several antennas are offered to satisfy the needs for various base station and
remote station requirements. These antennas have been tested at an authorized
FCC open-field test site and are certified to be in compliance with FCC
emissions limits. All antennas (or antenna cables) have an SMA female
connector for connection to the AVW206. The use of an unauthorized antenna
could cause transmitted field strengths in excess of FCC rules, interfere with
licensed services, and result in FCC sanctions against user.
C-1
Appendix C. Antennas, Antenna Cables, and Surge Protectors for the AVW206, AVW211, and AVW216
C-2
Appendix C. Antennas, Antenna Cables, and Surge Protectors for the AVW206, AVW211, and AVW216
C-3
Appendix C. Antennas, Antenna Cables, and Surge Protectors for the AVW206, AVW211, and AVW216
C-4
Appendix C. Antennas, Antenna Cables, and Surge Protectors for the AVW206, AVW211, and AVW216
The COAX NTN-L cable is a low-loss RG8 coaxial cable that requires the
14462 surge protector in order to connect to the AVW206. The RG8 / Antenna
Surge Protector are recommended in preference to the COAX RPSMA in the
following applications:
C-5
Appendix C. Antennas, Antenna Cables, and Surge Protectors for the AVW206, AVW211, and AVW216
• When use of COAX RPSMA would result in too much signal loss
• Polyphaser protector
The surge protector has female type N connectors on both ends; one for
connection to the COAX NTN-L cable and the other for connection to the 18
inch length of COAX RPSMA cable included in the kit. The COAX RPSMA
cable is an LMR195 type that terminates in a type N Male connector on the
‘antenna end’ and a Reverse Polarity SMA (RPSMA) connector on the RF401
end.
Note: This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a
Class B digital device, pursuant to part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are
designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a
residential installation. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio
frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the
instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications.
However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular
installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or
television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and
on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of
the following measures:
C-6
Appendix C. Antennas, Antenna Cables, and Surge Protectors for the AVW206, AVW211, and AVW216
This device complies with part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to
the following two conditions:
C-7
Appendix C. Antennas, Antenna Cables, and Surge Protectors for the AVW206, AVW211, and AVW216
C-8
Appendix D. The Public Table
The public table of the AVW200 displays the current sensor measurement
values as well as the current settings (see Table D-1).
When the DeviceConfig runs the troubleshooter, it forces a measurement by
writing to the Timeseries() array in the Public table. When the
Timeseries(1)..Timeseries(4) elements are written with the proper values a
measurement is performed and the files Timeseries.bin and Spectrum.bin are
created or over-written if previous measurements have been forced. These file
are then used by DeviceConfig to graph the time domain and frequency domain
graphs in the troubleshooter.
A Datalogger program can also force a measurement by using the
GetVariable() and/or SetVariable() instructions (see Program Example D.1).
To do this, use the CRBasic SetVariable() instruction to set the TimeSeries(2),
TimeSeries(3) and TimeSeries(4) variables. Once these variables have the
correct values for Begin, End Frequency and Excite voltage, the measurement
can be forced by writing the TimeSeries(1) with the AVW200 channel and
Mux Channel (ie 101 = AVW200 Chan1 and MuxChan1, 205 = AVW200
Chan1 and MuxChan5, or 208 = AVW200 Chan2 and MuxChan8). The
measurement is completed when the TimeSeries(1) value is zeroed by the
AVW200. Once zeroed the TimeSeries(5) through TimeSeries(11) values can
be read using the CRBasic GetVariable() instruction.
D-1
Appendix D. The Public Table
D-2
Appendix D. The Public Table
Example:
101 = measures AVW200 chan1 and Mux chan1
102 = measures AVW200 chan1 and Mux chan2
.....
201 = measures AVW200 chan2 and Mux chan1
202 = measures AVW200 chan2 and Mux chan2
....
232 = measures AVW200 chan2 and Mux chan32
D-3
Appendix D. The Public Table
BeginProg
TimeSeries(1) = 101 'Measure command with XYY as described below.
'X is the AVW channel, 1 or 2, and YY is the multiplexer channel, 00-32
TimeSeries(2) = 450 'Sweep start frequency, 450 Hz minimum.
TimeSeries(3) =6500 'Sweep stop frequency, 6500 Hz maximum.
TimeSeries(4) = 1 'Excitation level code, 0=5Volt, 1=12Volt.
' TimeSeries(5) 'Echo of what was used For TimeSeries(1) measure command, XYY.
' TimeSeries(6) 'Frequency of peak, Hz.
' TimeSeries(7) 'Amplitude of peak frequency, mVrms.
' TimeSeries(8) 'SNR, Signal To Noise Ratio.
' TimeSeries(9) 'Peak noise frequency, Hz.
' TimeSeries(10) 'Decay ratio.
' TimeSeries(11) 'Thermistor measurement, Ohms.
SerialOpen (Com1,38400,0,0,0)
Scan(5,Sec,0,0)
If UsrForcedMsmnt=True Then
'Set remote measurement parameters.
SendVariables(SVResult(1),Com1,200,200,0000,100, "Public","TimeSeries(2)",TimeSeries(2),3)
'Next Force measurement on indicated channel.
SendVariables(SVResult(2),Com1,200,200,0000,100, "Public","TimeSeries(1)",TimeSeries(1),1)
Delay (1,2,Sec) 'wait for 2 second measurement
Do 'Check that measure is done
GetVariables(GVResult(1),Com1,200,200,0000,100,"Public","TimeSeries(1)",TS_done,1)
If GVResult(1)
Exit Do 'failed communications
EndIf
Loop Until TS_done 'when TS_done equals zero.. the measurement is done
'Get the data from AVW206.
GetVariables(GVResult(2),Com1,200,200,0000,100,"Public","TimeSeries(5)",TimeSeries(5),7)
UsrForcedMsmnt=False
If SVResult(1) OR SVResult(2) OR GVResult(1) OR GVResult(2) Then '
Move (TimeSeries(5),7,NAN,1) 'failed communication..so fill win NAN's
EndIf
EndIf
NextScan
EndProg
D-4
Appendix E. Status Table
The AVW200 status table contains system operating status information
accessible via DevConfig, terminal emulator, or another PakBus device such as
a datalogger. Status Table information is easily viewed by going to DevConfig |
AVW200| Connect | Data Monitor | Status. The status table can be viewed via a
terminal emulator and command 4.
The status information can be retrieved by the datalogger by using the CRBasic
GetVariable instruction. Following is an example of retrieving the BattVoltage
status of the AVW200 using the CRBasic GetVariables instruction:
Public RC,AVW_BV
GetVariables(RC,ComSDC7,200,200,0000,0,"Status","BattVoltage",AVW_BV,1)
Status
Fieldname Description User can change?
Record No Record number for this set of data No
Time Stamp Time the record was generated No
OSversion Version of the Operating System No
OSdate Date OS was released No
ProgName Name of the running program No
ProgSig Signature of the running program No
StationName User defined Station Name Yes
Compileresults Compile results of the running program Yes
PakBusAddress AV200 PakBus address Yes
RfInstalled Specifies the model number of the MaxStream radio No
if it is recognized by the datalogger. It will have a
value of zero if there is no radio recognized by the
AVW200.
RfNetAddr Specifies the radio network address of the built in Yes
radio. This setting should be set to match the
network address for the RF401 base used to
communicate with the datalogger.
RfNetHopSeq Specifies the hopping sequence that will be used for Yes
the built-in radio. This value should be set to match
the value of the same setting for the RF401 base
station used to communicate with this datalogger.
E-1
Appendix E. Status Table
Status
Fieldname Description User can change?
Rf_ForceOn When Rf_ForceOn is set to 1 the radio is always on Yes
ignoring the duty cycle setting.
Rf_Protocol Identifies the radio protocol that will be used. The Yes (changing this parameter to a
AVW200 is always fixed at 2 (PakBus Aware mode) value of 1 will mess up the RF
communication). All other values will
revert to a value of 2.
RfSignalLevel The signal level of every 5th PakBus packet received Yes (clear to zero)
over RF
RfRxPakBusCnt Number of PakBus packets that have been received Yes (clear to zero)
over RF communication
RfPwrMode Radio power modes: Yes (ie to change from ½ seconds
NO_RF (No Radio) duty cycle to 1 seconds duty cycle
mode, edit the parameter with:
RF_ON (<24ma Always On)
RF_1_Sec
RF_1/2_Sec (<4ma ½ Second)
RF_1_Sec (<2ma 1 Second)
RF_8_Sec (<0.4ma 8 Second)
RF_OFF (Radio Off)
PortStatus(1) Indicates control port 1 level No
0 = off (low zero volts)
-1 = on (high five volts)
PortStatus(2) Indicates control port 2 level No
0 = off (low zero volts)
-1 = on (high five volts)
PortStatus(3) Indicates control port 3 level No
0 = off (low zero volts)
-1 = on (high five volts)
PortConfig(1) Indicates control port 1 configuration (function Yes
disabled reserved for future use).
PortConfig(2) Indicates control port 1 configuration (function Yes
disabled reserved for future use).
PortConfig(3) Indicates control port 1 configuration (function Yes
disabled reserved for future use).
MSPversion(1) MSP430 CPU #1 OS version No
MSPversion(2) MSP430 CPU #2 OS version No
MSPversion(3) MSP430 CPU #3 OS version No
MSPversion(4) MSP430 CPU #4 OS version No
MSPversion(5) MSP430 CPU #5 OS version No
MSPClkFreq(1) MSP430 CPU #1 RC oscillator frequecy in Hz No
MSPClkFreq(2) MSP430 CPU #2 RC oscillator frequecy in Hz No
E-2
Appendix E. Status Table
Status
Fieldname Description User can change?
MSPClkFreq(3) MSP430 CPU #3 RC oscillator frequecy in Hz No
MSPClkFreq(4) MSP430 CPU #4 RC oscillator frequecy in Hz No
MSPClkFreq(5) MSP430 CPU #5 RC oscillator frequecy in Hz No
CalOffset Calibration offset voltage No
VarOutOfBounds Number of times an array was accessed out of Yes (clear to zero)
bounds
SkipScan Number of skipped scans that have occurred while Yes (clear to zero)
running the current scan. When making the vibration
wire measurement it is normal for the skipscan's to
increment
TrapCode A code number that describes the last watch dog Yes
event that has happened (updated at power up).
WatchDogCnt Number of Watchdog errors that have occurred Yes (clear to zero)
while running this program
ResetTables Not Used Yes (function disabled)
BattVoltage Current value of the AVW200 battery voltage (value Yes
updated every 8 sec).
SRAMMemSize Size of the SRAM memory No
If the SRAMMemSize = 512 K, then the AVW200 will create and overwrite a
file for every measurement on each channel. The files are called TS_chan1.bin
and TS_chan2.bin. These files have the 4096 samples or TimeSeries data for
the last measurement. These files can be retrieved using LoggerNet
FileControl or the datalogger instruction GetFile(). A post-processing program
in DevConfig under device type AVW200 Series called “Off Line Analysis”
can be used to analyze the files.
E-3
Appendix E. Status Table
E-4
Appendix F. Time Series and Spectrum
Graph Information
The AVW200 uses an audio A/D for capturing the sensor’s signal. The
number of samples acquired in this period is 4096 points. A Fast Fourier
Transform (FFT) algorithm is used to create a frequency spectrum. The
frequency spectrum is displayed in the graph labeled “Spectrum” (see Figure
1.1-1). This graph shows each of the frequencies and the voltage amplitude in
mV RMS.
The “Time Series” graph is the acquired or sampled data in the time domain.
The graph shows the combination of all the frequencies coming from the
vibrating wire sensor shortly after the sensors excitation. The dominate
frequency is the natural resonating frequency of the vibrating wire. The other
frequencies can include noise pickup (i.e., motors close to the sensor, pickup
from long wires), harmonics of the natural frequency or harmonics of the noise
(50/60 Hz harmonics) and/or mechanical obstruction (loosing of the wire or the
wire vibration is physically changed by the package movement). The
AVW200 computes a signal-to-noise diagnostic by dividing the response
amplitude by the noise amplitude.
The “Time Series” graph shows the decay from the start of the sampling to the
end of the sampling. The decay is the dampening of the wire over time. The
AVW200 computes a decay ratio diagnostic from the time series ending
amplitude divided by the beginning amplitude. Some sensors will decay very
rapidly, others not. It is a good idea to characterize the sensors decay and
amplitude when the sensor is new, so that over time the health of the sensor can
be monitored.
By changing the begin and end frequencies in the options tab, the affects of
narrowing can be of value for troubleshooting and solving problems with errant
sensors, or improving the measurement. Care should be taken to ensure that
when you change the begin and end frequency that the frequency range still
captures the sensor’s signal.
F-1
Appendix F. Time Series and Spectrum Graph Information
FIGURE F.1-1. Good Sensor with a Narrower Range (200 to 2200 Hz)
FIGURE F.1-2. Good Sensor with a Wider Range (200 to 6500 Hz)
F-2
Appendix F. Time Series and Spectrum Graph Information
Holding the drill ½ inch away from the sensor is an invasive noise source.
When the sensor is measured with the drill a few inches away, the harmonics
of the 60 Hz are a lot less and are not more dominate than the wire’s natural
frequency. Sensors with a frequency range that are below 450 Hz should work
fine even in the presence of a 50 or 60 Hz noise source, however they should
be characterized.
F-3
Appendix F. Time Series and Spectrum Graph Information
F-4
Appendix G. CR10X Programming
Example
Although this example is for the CR10X, the CR23X is programmed similarly.
;{CR10X}
;
;
;
*Table 1 Program
01: 900 Execution Interval (seconds)
1: Do (P86)
1: 42 Set Port 2 High
3: Do (P86)
1: 73 Pulse Port 3
G-1
Appendix G. CR10X Programming Example
14: Do (P86)
1: 52 Set Port 2 Low
15: Do (P86)
1: 10 Set Output Flag High (Flag 0)
*Table 2 Program
02: 0.0000 Execution Interval (seconds)
*Table 3 Subroutines
End Program
G-2
Appendix H. Additional Programming
Examples
H.1 AVW200-Controlled Multiplexer
H.1.1 Direct RS-232 Connection
'This is an example of a program used by a CR1000 and AVW200 to control two AM16/32B multiplexers.
'Sixteen Geokon 4450 VW displacement sensors are attached to each multiplexer and each sensor
'provides a frequency, which is converted to displacement, and resistance, which is converted to
'temperature. Polynomial Gage Factors used in this example were taken from the calibration sheets of
'the individual 4450 sensors. The coefficients used 'to convert resistance to temperature are from the
'Steinhart-Hart equation.
Public batt_volt,Ptemp
Public Mux1(16,6)
Public Mux2(16,6)
Public VWResults(2)
Public Amp1(16),Amp2(16)
Public Temp1(16),Temp2(16)
Public Therm1(16),Therm2(16)
Public VWfreq1(16),VWfreq2(16)
Public Sig2Noise1(16),Sig2Noise2(16)
Public DecayRatio1(16),DecayRatio2(16)
Public FreqOfNoise1(16),FreqOfNoise2(16)
Public Displacement1(16),Displacement2(16)
Dim i
Dim j
Dim Digits
Dim ZeroRding(32)
Dim GageFactor(32)
Dim PolyCoef1(48) As Float
Dim PolyCoef2(48) As Float
Dim CoefString1(16) As String *30
Dim CoefString2(16) As String *30
DataTable (MuxExample,1,-1)
DataInterval (0,10,Min,10)
Minimum (1,batt_volt,FP2,0,False)
Sample (16,Displacement1(),FP2)
Sample (16,VWfreq1(),FP2)
Sample (16,Temp1(),FP2)
Sample (16,Amp1(),FP2)
Sample (16,Sig2Noise1(),FP2)
Sample (16,FreqOfNoise1(),FP2)
Sample (16,DecayRatio1(),FP2)
H-1
Appendix H. Additional Programming Examples
Sample (16,Displacement2(),FP2)
Sample (16,VWfreq2(),FP2)
Sample (16,Temp2(),FP2)
Sample (16,Amp2(),FP2)
Sample (16,Sig2Noise2(),FP2)
Sample (16,FreqOfNoise2(),FP2)
Sample (16,DecayRatio2(),FP2)
EndTable
BeginProg
SerialOpen (COMRS232,38400,0,0,10000)
'Enter the 3 Polynomial Gage Factors for each sensor as listed on each Calibration Report
CoefString1(1) = "2.49866e-10, 8.716e-5, -0.20003"
CoefString1(2) = "2.56640e-10, 8.762e-5, -0.20437"
CoefString1(3) = "2.93650e-10, 8.715e-5, -0.19679"
CoefString1(4) = "1.99647e-10, 8.868e-5, -0.19430"
CoefString1(5) = "3.41276e-10, 8.777e-5, -0.19042"
CoefString1(6) = "2.30397e-10, 8.720e-5, -0.19085"
Coefstring1(7) = "2.54131e-10, 8.743e-5, -0.19218"
CoefString1(8) = "2.21677e-10, 8.832e-5, -0.20539"
CoefString1(9) = "2.85034e-10, 8.734e-5, -0.19341"
CoefString1(10) = "2.42310e-10, 8.808e-5, -0.19576"
CoefString1(11) = "2.52871e-10, 8.804e-5, -0.19232"
CoefString1(12) = "2.27416e-10, 8.797e-5, -0.19552"
CoefString1(13) = "2.27264e-10, 8.798e-5, -0.19522"
CoefString1(14) = "2.87777e-10, 8.682e-5, -0.20353"
CoefString1(15) = "2.81051e-10, 8.767e-5, -0.19691"
CoefString1(16) = "2.41462e-10, 8.747e-5, -0.19481"
For i = 1 To 16
SplitStr (PolyCoef1(3*i-2),CoefString1(i),",",3,5) 'Assign
coeficients listed in CoefString1 to individual variables
Next i
H-2
Appendix H. Additional Programming Examples
Scan (2,Min,0,0)
PanelTemp (PTemp,250)
Battery (Batt_volt)
AVW200(VWResults(1),ComRS232,0,15,Mux1(1,1),1,1,16,1000,2500,2,_60Hz,1,0)
For i = 1 To 16
Amp1(i) = Mux1(i,2)
Therm1(i) = Mux1(i,6)
VWFreq1(i) = Mux1(i,1)
Sig2Noise1(i) = Mux1(i,3)
DecayRatio1(i) = Mux1(i,5)
FreqOfNoise1(i) = Mux1(i,4)
Digits = (VWFreq1(i)/1000)^2 * 1000 'Convert frequency to Digits
AVW200(VWResults(2),ComRS232,0,15,Mux2(1,1),2,1,8,1000,2500,2,_60Hz,1, 0)
AVW200(VWResults(2),ComRS232,0,15,Mux2(9,1),2,9,8,450,6500,2,_60Hz,1,0)
For i = 1 To 16
Amp2(i) = Mux1(i,2)
Therm2(i) = Mux1(i,6)
VWFreq2(i) = Mux1(i,1)
Sig2Noise2(i) = Mux1(i,3)
DecayRatio2(i) = Mux1(i,5)
FreqOfNoise2(i) = Mux1(i,4)
Digits = (VWFreq2(i)/1000)^2 * 1000 'Convert frequency to Digits
CallTable MuxExample
NextScan
EndProg
H-3
Appendix H. Additional Programming Examples
'The CR1000 communicates with the remote AVW206 through a RF401 radio attached to the
logger's CS/IO port in Modem Enable mode.
'The Pakbus address of the AVW206 used in this example is 20
Public batt_volt,Ptemp
Public Mux1(16,6)
Public Mux2(16,6)
Public VWResults(2)
Public Amp1(16),Amp2(16)
Public Temp1(16),Temp2(16)
Public Therm1(16),Therm2(16)
Public VWfreq1(16),VWfreq2(16)
Public Sig2Noise1(16),Sig2Noise2(16)
Public DecayRatio1(16),DecayRatio2(16)
Public FreqOfNoise1(16),FreqOfNoise2(16)
Public Displacement1(16),Displacement2(16)
Dim i
Dim j
Dim Digits
Dim ZeroRding(32)
Dim GageFactor(32)
Dim PolyCoef1(48) As Float
Dim PolyCoef2(48) As Float
Dim CoefString1(16) As String *30
Dim CoefString2(16) As String *30
'Store Freq, amplitude, signal to noise, freq of noise, decay ratio and ‘resistance from both mux's.
DataTable (MuxExample,1,-1)
DataInterval (0,10,Min,10)
Minimum (1,batt_volt,FP2,0,False)
Sample (16,Displacement1(),FP2)
Sample (16,VWfreq1(),FP2)
Sample (16,Temp1(),FP2)
Sample (16,Amp1(),FP2)
Sample (16,Sig2Noise1(),FP2)
Sample (16,FreqOfNoise1(),FP2)
Sample (16,DecayRatio1(),FP2)
H-4
Appendix H. Additional Programming Examples
Sample (16,Displacement2(),FP2)
Sample (16,VWfreq2(),FP2)
Sample (16,Temp2(),FP2)
Sample (16,Amp2(),FP2)
Sample (16,Sig2Noise2(),FP2)
Sample (16,FreqOfNoise2(),FP2)
Sample (16,DecayRatio2(),FP2)
EndTable
BeginProg
H-5
Appendix H. Additional Programming Examples
Scan (2,Min,0,0)
PanelTemp (PTemp,250)
Battery (Batt_volt)
AVW200(VWResults(1),ComME,0,20,Mux1(1,1),1,1,16,1000,2500,2,_60Hz,1,0)
For i = 1 To 16
Amp1(i) = Mux1(i,2)
Therm1(i) = Mux1(i,6)
VWFreq1(i) = Mux1(i,1)
Sig2Noise1(i) = Mux1(i,3)
DecayRatio1(i) = Mux1(i,5)
FreqOfNoise1(i) = Mux1(i,4)
Digits = (VWFreq1(i)/1000)^2 * 1000 'Convert frequency to Digits
Next i
'Sensors 1-8 are excited over the freq range of 1000 - 2500
AVW200(VWResults(2),ComME,0,20,Mux2(1,1),2,1,8,1000,2500,2,_60Hz,1,0)
'Sensors 9-16 are excited over the freq range of 450 – 6500
AVW200(VWResults(2),ComME,0,20,Mux2(9,1),2,9,8,450,6500,2,_60Hz,1,0)
For i = 1 To 16
Amp2(i) = Mux1(i,2)
Therm2(i) = Mux1(i,6)
VWFreq2(i) = Mux1(i,1)
Sig2Noise2(i) = Mux1(i,3)
DecayRatio2(i) = Mux1(i,5)
FreqOfNoise2(i) = Mux1(i,4)
Digits = (VWFreq2(i)/1000)^2 * 1000 'Convert frequency to Digits
CallTable MuxExample
NextScan
EndProg
H-6
Appendix H. Additional Programming Examples
Public batt_volt
Public Mux(6)
Public VWResults
Public Temp1(16),Temp2(16),Temp3(12)
Public Amp1(16),Amp2(16),Amp3(12),Amp4(32)
Public VWfreq1(16),VWfreq2(16), VWFreq3(9),VWFreq4(32)
Public Sig2Noise1(16),Sig2Noise2(16),Sig2Noise3(12),Sig2Noise4(32)
Public DecayRatio1(16),DecayRatio2(16),DecayRatio3(9),DecayRatio4(32)
Public FreqOfNoise1(16),FreqOfNoise2(16),FreqOfNoise3(12),FreqOfNoise4(32)
Public Displacement1(16),Displacement2(16), Displacement3(9),Displacement4(32)
Dim i
Dim j
Dim Digits
Dim Coef1(48)
Dim Coef2(48)
Dim Coef3(27)
Dim Coef4(96)
DataTable (MuxExample,1,-1)
DataInterval (0,15,Min,10)
Minimum (1,batt_volt,FP2,0,False)
Sample (16,Displacement1(),FP2)
Sample (16,VWfreq1(),FP2)
Sample (16,Temp1(),FP2)
Sample (16,Amp1(),FP2)
Sample (16,Sig2Noise1(),FP2)
Sample (16,FreqOfNoise1(),FP2)
Sample (16,DecayRatio1(),FP2)
Sample (16,Displacement2(),FP2)
Sample (16,VWfreq2(),FP2)
Sample (16,Temp2(),FP2)
Sample (16,Amp2(),FP2)
H-7
Appendix H. Additional Programming Examples
Sample (16,Sig2Noise2(),FP2)
Sample (16,FreqOfNoise2(),FP2)
Sample (16,DecayRatio2(),FP2)
Sample (9,Displacement3(),FP2)
Sample (9,VWfreq3(),FP2)
Sample (9,Temp3(),FP2)
Sample (9,Amp3(),FP2)
Sample (9,Sig2Noise3(),FP2)
Sample (9,FreqOfNoise3(),FP2)
Sample (9,DecayRatio3(),FP2)
Sample (32,Displacement4(),FP2)
Sample (32,VWfreq4(),FP2)
Sample (32,Amp4(),FP2)
Sample (32,Sig2Noise4(),FP2)
Sample (32,FreqOfNoise4(),FP2)
Sample (32,DecayRatio4(),FP2)
EndTable
BeginProg
'Enter the 3 Polynomial Gage Factors for each sensor as listed on each Calibration Report
H-8
Appendix H. Additional Programming Examples
Scan (15,Min,0,0)
Battery (batt_volt)
H-9
Appendix H. Additional Programming Examples
H-10
Appendix H. Additional Programming Examples
CallTable MuxExample
NextScan
EndProg
H-11
Appendix H. Additional Programming Examples
H-12
Appendix I. Using MD485 Multidrop
Modems with AVW200 Interfaces
For situations where wireless communication is impractical, MD485 Multidrop
Modems may be used to extend the distance between the AVW200 interfaces.
This application is not compatible with SDI-12 communications.
Each MD485 in the network must be configured with the following settings
(see also Figure I-1):
I-1
Appendix I. Using MD485 Multidrop Modems with AVW200 Interfaces
I.2 Connections
The point-to-point configuration is the simplest MD485-to-AVW200 network.
In this configuration, two MD485s are required (see Figure I-2).
CABLE2TP-L Cable
CABLE2TP-L Cable
I-2
Appendix I. Using MD485 Multidrop Modems with AVW200 Interfaces
I-3
Appendix I. Using MD485 Multidrop Modems with AVW200 Interfaces
(-) (-)
(+) (+)
Connect at one
end only to
chassis GND.
I.3 Programming
An AVW200() instruction is entered for each AVW200. The ComPort
parameter needs to be ComRS232.
AVW200 with
MD485 PakBus Address; 5
CABLE2TP Cable
I-4
Appendix I. Using MD485 Multidrop Modems with AVW200 Interfaces
DataTable (AVW200,1,-1)
DataInterval (0,10,Sec,10)
Sample (6,Dst(1,1),IEEE4)
Sample (6,Dst(2,1),IEEE4)
EndTable
DataTable (AVWcard,1,-1)
CardOut (0 ,-1)
DataInterval (0,10,Sec,10)
Sample (6,Dst(1,1),IEEE4)
Sample (6,Dst(2,1),IEEE4)
EndTable
BeginProg
SerialOpen (ComRS232,38400,0,0,10000)
Scan (10,Sec,0,0)
PanelTemp (PTemp,250)
Battery (Batt_volt)
'Result, comport,neighbor,PBA,Dst,chan,muxchan,reps,begFreq,endFreq,Vx,IntegrationTime,Mult,Offset)
'sensor 1, channel 1
AVW200(result(1),ComRS232,1,1,Dst(1,1),1,1,1,1000,3500,2,_60HZ,1,0)
'sensor 2, channel 2
AVW200(result(2),ComRS232,5,5,Dst(2,1),1,1,1,1000,3500,2,_60HZ,1,0)
Rf(1)=Dst(1,6)
Rf(2)=Dst(2,6)
TempK(1) = 1/(A + B*LN(Rf(1)) + C*(LN(Rf(1)))^3)
TempK(2) = 1/(A + B*LN(Rf(2)) + C*(LN(Rf(2)))^3)
TempC(1) = TempK(1)-273.15
TempC(2) = tempK(2)-273.15
CallTable avw200
CallTable avwcard
NextScan
EndProg
I-5
Appendix I. Using MD485 Multidrop Modems with AVW200 Interfaces
I-6
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