CHAPTER: I

INTRODUCTION

Vulnerability Profile Genesis of NDMA

1.1 India, due to its unique geo-climatic and 1.3 The basic responsibility for undertaking
socio-economic conditions, is vulnerable, rescue, relief and rehabilitation measures
in varying degrees, to floods, droughts, in the event of a disaster rests with the State
cyclones, tsunamis, earthquakes, urban Government. The Central Government
flooding, landslides, avalanches and forest supplements the efforts of the State
fire. Out of 36 States and Union Territories Governments by providing logistic and
(UTs) in the country, 27 are disaster prone. financial support in case of severe natural
58.6% landmass is prone to earthquakes calamities. The logistic support includes
of moderate to very high intensity; 12% deployment of aircraft, boats, special
land is prone to flood and river erosion; teams of Armed Forces, Central Armed
out of 7,516 km coastline, 5,700 km is Police Forces (CAPFs) and National Disaster
prone to cyclones and tsunamis; 68% Response Force (NDRF), arrangements for
of the cultivable land is vulnerable to relief materials and essential commodities
drought, hilly areas are at risk from including medical supply, restoration of
landslides and avalanches, and 15% of critical infrastructure facilities including
landmass is prone to landslides. A total communication network and such other
of 5,161 Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) are assistance as may be required by the
prone to urban flooding. Fire incidents, affected States and UTs to meet the
industrial accidents and other manmade situation effectively.
disasters involving chemical, biological
and radioactive materials are additional 1.4 The Government has brought about
hazards, which have underscored the need a change in the approach to disaster
for strengthening mitigation, preparedness management from a relief-centric to a
and response measures. holistic and integrated approach covering
the entire gamut of disaster management
1.2 Disaster risks in India are further compounded (prevention, mitigation, preparedness,
by increasing vulnerabilities related to changing response, relief, reconstruction and
demographic and socio-economic conditions, rehabilitation). The approach is based on
unplanned urbanization, development within the conviction that development cannot
high-risk zones, environmental degradation, be sustainable unless disaster mitigation is
climate change, geological hazards, epidemics built in the development process.
and pandemics. Clearly, all these contribute to
a situation where disasters seriously threaten 1.5 The Government of India (GoI), recognising
India’s economy, its population and sustainable the importance of Disaster Management
development. (DM) as a national priority, had set up a

1
 High Powered Committee (HPC) in August measures by various wings of the
1999 and a National Committee on Disaster Government for prevention and mitigation
Management in 2001 after the Gujarat of the effects of disasters and prompt
Earthquake to make recommendations response to any disaster situation.
on the preparation of DM Plans and to
suggest effective mitigation mechanisms. Constitution of NDMA
However, after the Indian Ocean Tsunami 1.7 NDMA was constituted on 30th May,
of 2004, the GoI took a defining step in the 2005 by an Executive Order of the GoI.
legislative history of the country, through Subsequently, the Disaster Management
an Act of Parliament, by creating the Act, 2005 was enacted on 23 December,
National Disaster Management Authority 2005. NDMA was notified on 27 September,
(NDMA) to spearhead and implement a 2006 under the provisions of the Disaster
holistic and integrated approach to DM in Management Act, 2005.
India.
Composition of NDMA
1.6 The Government of India has enacted the
Disaster Management Act, 2005 to provide 1.8 The Prime Minister of India is the ex-
for the effective management of disasters officio Chairperson of the NDMA. The
and for matters connected therewith detailed composition of NDMA is placed
or incidental thereto. It lays down the at Annexure I. The current Members and
institutional mechanism for drawing up their dates of joining the Authority are
and monitoring the implementation of given below:
the disaster management plans, ensuring

Member (Since 16.02.2015)

1.      Shri Kamal Kishore
Secretary (In-charge since 01.10.2021)
Lt Gen Syed Ata Hasnain, PVSM, UYSM,
2.      Member (Since 21.02.2020)
AVSM, SM, VSM & BAR (Retd)

3.      Shri Rajendra Singh Member (Since 20.02.2020)

4.      Shri Krishna Swaroop Vatsa Member (Since 04.05.2020)

1.9 At the national level, NDMA has the and projects. It also lays down guidelines
responsibility, interalia, of laying down to be followed by the States in drawing
policies on disaster management and up their respective State DM Plans and
issuing guidelines to be followed by taking measures for preventing disasters
different Ministries/Departments of the or mitigating its impact as well as building
Government of India for the purpose of capacity for dealing with any disaster as it
integrating Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) may consider necessary.
measures in their development plans

2
NDMA Secretariat staff. The organization is also supported
by Senior Research Officers. Disaster being
1.10 The organizational structure of NDMA a specialized subject, it has also been
was approved by the Union Cabinet in ensured that the expertise of Specialists is
May 2008. The Secretariat is headed by available on contractual basis. The detailed
a Secretary with five Joint Secretaries/ organization of the NDMA Secretariat has
Advisors including one Financial Advisor. been discussed in a separate Chapter
There are ten Joint Advisors (Director level) on ‘Administration and Finance’. List of
and fourteen Assistant Advisors (Under Officers is placed at Annexure II.
Secretary level) along with supporting

3
 CHAPTER: II
FUNCTIONS AND OBJECTIVES

Functions of NDMA prevention of disaster, or the mitigation,

or preparedness and capacity building
2.1 NDMA, as the apex body for DM in India, for dealing with threatening disaster
has the responsibility of laying down the situation or disaster as it may consider
policies, plans and guidelines for DM for necessary;
ensuring timely and effective response to
disasters. Its statutory functions include (i) lay down broad policies and guidelines
the responsibility to: for the functioning of the National
Institute of Disaster Management
(a) lay down policies on DM; (NIDM);
(b) approve the national plan and the (j) exercise general superintendence,
plans prepared by the ministries/ direction and control of the National
departments of the GoI in accordance Disaster Response Force (NDRF),
with the national plan; constituted under the Act, for the
(c) lay down guidelines to be followed by purpose of specialist response to
the State authorities in drawing up the a threatening disaster situation or
State plan; disaster;

(d) lay down guidelines to be followed by (k) authorize the concerned department
the different ministries/ departments or authority to make emergency
of the GoI for the purpose of integrating procurement of provisions or materials
the measures for prevention of disaster for rescue and relief in threatening
or the mitigation of its effects in their disaster situation or disaster;
development plans and projects; (l) recommend guidelines for the
(e) coordinate the enforcement and minimum standards of relief to be
implementation of the policy and plan provided to the persons affected by
for DM; disasters.

(f) recommend provision of funds for the 2.2 NDMA is mandated to deal with all types of
purpose of mitigation; disasters, natural or man-made. Whereas,
such other emergencies including those
(g) provide such support to other requiring close involvement of the security
countries affected by major disasters forces and/or intelligence agencies
as may be determined by the central such as terrorism (counter-insurgency),
government; law and order situation, serial bomb
(h) take such other measures for the blasts, hijacking, air accidents, Chemical,

5
 Biological, Radiological and Nuclear (CBRN) Objectives of NDMA
weapon systems, mine disasters, ports
and harbour emergencies, forest fires, oil 2.5 The objectives of NDMA are:
field fires and oil spills will continue to be (a) Promoting a culture of prevention,
handled by the extant mechanism, i.e., preparedness and resilience at all
National Crisis Management Committee levels through knowledge, innovation
(NCMC). and education.
2.3 NDMA shall, however, formulate (b) Encouraging mitigation measures based
guidelines, facilitate training and on technology, traditional wisdom and
preparedness activities in respect of environmental sustainability.
CBRN emergencies. Cross-cutting themes
like medical preparedness, psychosocial (c) Mainstreaming disaster management
care and trauma, community-based into the developmental planning
disaster preparedness, information & process.
communication technology, training, (d) Establishing institutional and techno-
awareness generation, etc. for natural and legal frameworks to create an enabling
man-made disasters will also engage the regulatory environment and a
attention of NDMA in partnership with compliance regime.
the stakeholders concerned. Resources
available with the disaster management (e) Ensuring efficient mechanism for
authorities at all levels, which are capable identification, assessment and
of discharging emergency support monitoring of disaster risks.
functions, will be made available to the
nodal Ministries/ Agencies dealing with (f) Developing contemporary forecasting
the emergencies at times of impending and early warning systems backed by
disaster/ disasters. responsive and failsafe communication
with information technology support.
Vision of NDMA
(g) Ensuring efficient response and relief
2.4 Flowing from the mandate of NDMA with a caring approach towards the
and the National Policy on Disaster needs of the vulnerable sections of the
Management, the vision is: society.
(h) Undertaking reconstruction as an
“To build a safe and disaster
opportunity to build disaster resilient
resilient India by developing a holistic, structures and habitat for ensuring
proactive, multi-disaster oriented and safer living.
technology driven strategy through
(i) Promoting a productive and proactive
a culture of prevention, mitigation, partnership with the media for disaster
preparedness and response”. management.

6
 CHAPTER: III
POLICY, PLANS AND GUIDELINES

with Central Ministries / Departments, all

National Policy on Disaster
States / UTs and other stakeholders so that
Management (NPDM) 2009
they develop their plans and strategies
3.1 National Policy on Disaster Management accordingly to match the timelines of
was approved by the Union Cabinet on NDMP 2019 to achieve the Sendai targets.
22nd October, 2009 and released on 18th
National Disaster Management
January 2010. It portrays a paradigm
Guidelines
shift from erstwhile ‘Response-Centric’
approach to the holistic management of 3.3 In order to translate the objectives into
disasters with emphasis on Prevention, plans, the NDMA adopted a mission-mode
Preparedness and Mitigation. approach involving a number of initiatives
with the help of various institutions
National Disaster Management Plan
(administrative, academic, scientific and
(NDMP)
technical) operating at the national, state
3.2 NDMA had prepared the first National and local levels. As a policy, the central
Disaster Management Plan in 2016. ministries, departments and states, have
The same was revised after extensive been involved in evolving the guidelines,
consultations in November, 2019. The besides all other stakeholders. These
revised plan includes new hazards guidelines; based on specific disasters and
(Thunderstorm, Lightning, Squall, Dust themes (such as capacity development
Storm, and Strong Wind / Cloudburst and public awareness) will provide the
and Hailstorms / Glacial Lake Outburst basis of preparation of plans. Preparation
Flood (GLOF) / Heat wave / Biological of these Guidelines takes minimum
and Public Health Emergencies (BPHE) 12 to 18 months, depending upon the
/ Forest Fire), new chapters (Coherence complexity of the subject. The approach
and Mutual Reinforcement for DRR of to formulation of guidelines comprised a
the Post-2015 Global Frameworks / ‘nine-step’ participatory and consultative
Social Inclusion / Mainstreaming DRR) process with stakeholders as shown in
and also includes Climate Change Risk figure 3.1
Management as new thematic area for
The process of preparation of guidelines
climate risk informed DRR. This NDMP
comprises:
has delineated time bound actions for
all concerned Ministries/Departments/ • A quick review of the studies conducted,
Agencies and other stakeholders in order disaster-wise, of the actions/steps
to match it with timelines of Sendai taken so far by various agencies,
Framework for DRR. Plan has been shared including the Central Ministries/

7
 Departments, States, Scientific and be attained, in the short, as well as long
Technical Institutions etc. term, duly prioritized as vital, essential
and desirable.
• Identification of the residual agenda in
terms of operational, administrative, • Four important questions were to be
financial and legal issues. answered: i.e. What is to be done?,
how it is to be done?, who will do it?,
• The drawing up of a roadmap to the and by when?
destination duly indicating milestones
to facilitate easy monitoring. • Putting in place an institutional
mechanism that oversees the
• In terms of goals and objectives, operationalization of this roadmap.
screening down the destination is to

figure 3.1

8
3.4 Guidelines and Reports & Other documents released:
A. Guidelines issued:
List of Guidelines issued by NDMA
Month and year of
S. No. National Disaster Management Guidelines on
preparation/ release
1. Management of Earthquakes April 2007
2. Management of Chemical (Industrial) Disasters April 2007
3. Preparation of State Disaster Management Plans July 2007
Management of Medical Preparedness and Mass Casualty
4. October 2007
Management
5. Management of Floods January 2008
6. Management of Cyclones April 2008
7. Management of Biological Disasters July 2008
8. Management of Nuclear and Radiological Emergencies February 2009
9. Management of Landslides and Snow Avalanches June 2009
10. Management of Chemical (Terrorism) Disaster June 2009
11. Psycho-social support and mental health services in disasters December 2009
12. Incident Response System July 2010
13. Management of Tsunamis August 2010
14. Management of the Dead in the aftermath of Disasters August 2010
15. Management of Urban Flooding September 2010
16. Management of Drought September 2010
National Disaster Management Information and Communication
17. February 2012
System
18. Scaling, Type of Equipment and Training of Fire Services April 2012
19. Seismic Retrofitting of Deficient Buildings and Structures June 2014
20. School Safety Policy Feb 2016
21. Hospital Safety Feb 2016
22. Minimum Standards of Relief Feb 2016
23. Museums May 2017
24. Cultural Heritage Sites and Precincts September 2017
25. Boat Safety September 2017
Preparation of Action Plan – Prevention and Management
26. of Thunderstorm & Lightening / Squall/ Dust/ Hailstorm and March 2019
Strong Wind
27. Temporary Shelters for Disaster - Affected Families September 2019
28. Disability Inclusive Disaster Risk Reduction September 2019
29. Landslide Risk Management Strategy September 2019

9
 Preparation of Action Plan – Prevention and Management of
30. October 2019
Heat Wave (Revised Guidelines).
31. Management of Glacial Lake Outburst Floods (GLOFs) October 2020
Simplified Guideline for Earthquake Safety of Building from
32. May , 2021
National Building Code of India 2016
Cool Roof : House Owners’ Guide to alternate roof cooling
33. May , 2021
solutions
National Guidelines for Preparation of Action Plan – Prevention
34. June 2021
and Management of cold Wave and Frost

B. Reports and other documents issued:

S. No. Description
1. Revamping of Civil Defence
2. NIDM’s Functioning
3. Strengthening of safety and security for transportation of POL tankers
4. Threats to Municipal Water Supply and Water Reservoir’s
5. Training Regime for Disaster Response
Hand Book for Training and Capacity Building of Civil Defence and Sister Organizations:
6.
Part I & II
7. Managing Crowds at Events and Places of Mass Gathering
Concise Framework for Preparation of Management Plan for Events/ Venues of Mass
8.
Gathering
Compendium of relevant Acts/Laws/Rules / Regulations/ Notifications on Disaster
9.
Management
Model Framework of District Disaster Management Plan (DDMP) and Explanatory Notes
10.
for preparation of DDMP.
Cyclone Hudhud – Strategies and Lessons for Preparing Better & Strengthening Risk
11.
Resilience in Coastal Regions of India
12. Training Manual : How to conduct emergency management exercise
13. Guidelines on ensuring Disaster Resilient construction of Buildings and Infrastructure
14. Pilot Project on Capacity Building for advanced Trauma Life Support in India
Capacity Building in DM for Govt. Officials & Representative of Panchayati Raj Institution
15.
& Urban Local Bodies at District Level
16. Roadmap for mitigation of Urban Flood
17. Gujarat Flood 2017- A case study
18. Training of Masons on Hazard Resistant Construction
19. Tamil Nadu Floods: Lessons learnt and Best Practices – A report

10
 20. Study Report on Gaja Cyclone - 2018
21. Home Owner’s Guide for Cyclone and Earthquake Safety
22. Earthquake Disaster Risk Index Report
23. Fire Safety in India (Proceedings of 15th Formation Day of NDMA)
24. A Preliminary Study to Estimate Temperature Threshold for Heat Wave Warning in India
25. Pocket Book of Do’s and Don’ts on various disasters
26. A digital book on Do’s and Don’ts and FAQ on COVID-19
27. National Workshop Report for Preparation and Management of Heatwave 2020
28. Report highlighting Global best practices in Forest Fire Management.
29. SOP on accepting International Assistance for Disaster Relief and Recovery
30. Write Up on Disability Inclusive Disaster Risk Reduction (DIDRR)
3.5 Workshop/ Training Programmes Forest & Climate Change.
conducted by NDMA :
The first technical session of the
A. Consultative Workshop on Forest Fire workshop dealt with the scenario of forest
Management in India: NDMA in association fires in India including early warning systems,
with Ministry of Environment, Forest and management and best practices. The second
Climate Change (MoEFCC) organised a technical session focused on the coordination
Consultative Workshop on Forest Fire mechanism for forest fire management and
Management in India on 11th May, 2022 deliberated on how to increase cooperation and
at India International Centre, New Delhi collaboration in this regard. The third technical
to discuss the issue of forest fires, plan session saw presentations from the Nodal
for achieving following objectives as laid officers of states which have one or more of
down by the Chairman, NDMA as well as the 26 districts most affected by forest fires in
challenges and opportunities in dealing the last 10 years. These 26 districts account for
with the issue of forest fire management. 50% of the forest fires occurring in India. The
presentations focused on the challenges faced
(i) Need to work to substantially reduce
in ground zero for forest fire management and
the vulnerability of forests across
understanding the needs of Forest Fire Prone
the diverse forest ecosystems in the
States.
country against fire hazards,
The Consultative Workshop helped all
(ii) Enhance the capacity of forest
the stakeholders including representatives of
personnel and institutions for timely
State Forest Departments, MoEFCC, NDMA,
detection of possible fire events and
Forest Survey of India (FSI), Forest Research
for fighting forest fires and
Institute (FRI) and National Disaster Response
(iii) Speed up recovery after a fire event. Force (NDRF) in understanding the strength
and challenges of various organizations and
The workshop was inaugurated by Shri departments at National, State and District level
Nityanand Rai, Hon’ble Minister of State for and will facilitate in finalization of proposed
Home Affairs and Shri Ashwini Kumar Choubey, “National Project on Forest Fire Management”.
Hon’ble Minister of State for Environment,

11
B. Regional Conclaves of SDMAs: Regional b. Roadmap for institutional
Conclaves of SDMAs involving States/ strengthening
UTs facing similar kinds of hazards and
vulnerabilities were held. The Second c. Cross learning between States
Regional Conclave of SDMAs was held d. Replication of best practices &
on 14th-15th October, 2022 at Gangtok, prototype development
Sikkim. The Third Regional Conclave of
SDMAs was held on 30th November - e. Strategies for multiplier effect of
1st December, 2022 at Lucknow, Uttar lessons learnt
Pradesh. f. Documentation of Scientific &
The objective of the Conclaves was to provide technological advancements
a platform to SDMAs/Institutions to share their g. Resolution of relevant issues, if any
best practices, lessons learnt and to discuss
other issues pertaining to disaster management
in their States/UTs.
C. Two day Training Programme on Sendai
The following points were discussed during the Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction
Conclaves: (SFDRR): Two days training programme
(20-21st December, 2022) titled Sendai
a. States’ perspective of disaster Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction
management in India (SFDRR) progress achieved and way
b. Progress and achievements vis-à-vis forward was conducted at NIDM.
SFDRR The objectives were to enhance Consultants’
c. Institutional setup and strengthening knowledge of the Sendai Framework for DRR,
at State level and District level assess implementation progress and challenges
at the district level, and provide information
d. States’ Expectation from NDMA on tools and approaches to support states
e. NDMA’s Expectation from States and districts in implementing the framework,
including SDMPs, DDMPs, and Departmental
f. Issues and challenges in working Plans. It also aimed to develop an understanding
towards disaster resilient India of the Mid-Term Review process and skills in
maintaining data using the NDMIS SFM Module
g. Best Practices and Lessons Learnt at the district level.
h. Cross Learning between States – D. National Workshop on Heat Wave 2023:
replication of best practices NDMA organized a workshop in partnership
i. Scientific & technological advancement with Government of Maharashtra and IIT
by local institutions Mumbai on 13th – 14th February, 2023 to
discuss heat wave mitigation.
The Conclave aimed to get results in following:
The broad objective of workshop included
a. Better understanding and coordination sharing of experiences and lessons learnt,
between NDMA and SDMAs sustainable long term mitigation measures

12
and future course of action on heat wave. The monitoring of progress under the SFDRR.
Workshop was attended by representatives
of all heat waves prone States, the concerned F. National Consultation on Drought
central Ministries and other stakeholders Mitigation Planning: NDMA and National
involved in weather forecasting & mitigation Rain-fed Area Authority (NRAA), Ministry
including Research Institutions.. of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare,
Government of India carried out One day
The following points were discussed during the national consultation workshop on 22
Workshop: February 2023. This consultation included
experts and key resource persons from
a. Looking into state of science various ministries/departments, scientist
(monitoring to early warning) & academics, NGOs and others working in
b. Revisiting policies and response drought vulnerable areas, to bring some
strategies new perspective to the set of interventions
for drought mitigation and planning.
c. Sharing experiences and lessons-
learned for improving the Heat Wave Objectives:
Risk Management a. Sharing of XVth Finance Commission
d. Deliberations on Heat Wave recommendation
Risk Management (Mitigation, b. Drought Mitigation planning and
Preparedness, Response and Recovery) Strategy
for 2023
c. Experience sharing for convergence
e. Sustainable long term mitigation with key schemes run by union and
measures and future course of action. state governments to mitigate the
f. Best Practices and Lessons Learnt successive drought.

E. One day workshop for the consultants d. A framework/ guideline for Drought
working under the Scheme for Mitigation Program
strengthening of DDMAs of 115 e. Long term drought mitigation planning
Aspirational Districts and set up a mechanism at the local
National Disaster Management Authority level intervention
organized a one day workshop on Sendai 3.6 Formulation of State Disaster Management
Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (SFDRR) Plans:
Progress Achieved and Way forward on 20th
March 2023 at NIDM. 33 out of 36 States / Union Territories (UTs) have
their approved State Disaster Management
The workshop aimed to sensitize the consultants Plan. The erstwhile State of Jammu and
appointed under the NDMA Scheme for Kashmir, which also had approved SDMP, has
Strengthening of District Disaster Management been bifurcated into two UTs (i) Jammu &
Authorities (DDMAs) of 115 multi-hazard Kashmir and (ii) Ladakh. Also, the erstwhile
prone and backward districts identified by NITI Union Territories (i) Dadra and Nagar Haveli and
Aayog about the roles in implementation and (ii) Daman and Diu, both of which had approved

13
SDMP, have been merged as one Union Territory v. Have protocols and institutional
i.e. UT of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman mechanisms at State and district
and Diu. These three (3) newly created UTs are level for receiving, managing and
in the process of preparation of separate SDMP. distributing domestic aid.
3.7 Guidelines and other documents under B. Loss and Damage including adaptation
preparation: under the Climate Change Negotiations
A. Draft Standard Operating Procedure NDMA negotiates at UNFCCC on behalf of
(SOP) on channelizing Domestic Aid/ India on issues relating to loss and damage
Humanitarian Assistance for disaster relief and adaptation. The following activities
and recovery were undertaken under the climate change
negotiations:
The primary responsibility of disaster
management encompassing the activities I. New Funding Arrangements for
related to rescue, relief, and rehabilitation responding to Loss and Damage and
lies with the State Governments. In the Fund : At present, no funding
order to address these issues in domestic arrangements exist under UNFCCC
aid, there is a need for the State to address the loss and damage
governments to develop an appropriate caused by human-induced climate
Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) change. The initiatives like the Warsaw
for coordination and management of International Mechanism on Loss
domestic aid including assessment of and Damage, the Santiago Network
requirements, request for aid, receiving for technical assistance, the Fiji
aid, sorting, storing, packing, distribution Clearinghouse for Risk Transfer, and
of aid, and management of unused aid. the Glasgow Dialogue are forums for
The SOP being prepared by NDMA aims providing technical assistance only.
to bridge the gap in the management of At COP 27, it was decided to establish
domestic aid. The Specific Objectives of new funding arrangements for
this SOP are to: assisting developing countries that are
particularly vulnerable to the adverse
i. Provide a framework for channelizing effects of climate change in responding
domestic aid which can be adopted to loss and damage, including with a
by the State Governments and other focus on addressing loss and damage
stakeholders/central Ministries. by providing and assisting in mobilizing
ii. Improve coordination and efficient new and additional resources, and that
delivery of assistance. these new arrangements complement
and include sources, funds, processes
iii. Standardize procedures which shall and initiatives under and outside
give importance to the mode of the Convention and the Paris
delivery of humanitarian assistance for Agreement (FCCC/ CP/2022/L.18).
disaster relief. India spearheaded negotiations
iv. Assess the relief needs and provide for establishing this fund which
relief assistance for the disaster included drafting of position papers
affected. on the matter and coordination with
negotiating blocks.
14
II. It was also decided to establish network of member Organisations,
a transitional committee for the Bodies, Networks and Experts (OBNEs)
operationalization of the new funding covering a wide range of topics
arrangements for responding to loss relevant to averting, minimizing, and
and damage and the fund. India will addressing loss and damage. NDMA
be represented by Shri Kunal Satyarthi, prepared the country positions and
Joint Secretary; NDMA has been closely worked with other negotiating
elected as a member to transitional blocks to spearhead the negotiations
committee from the Asia Pacific at COP27.
Group. In order to gets technical
advice on various matters relating IV. Adaptation Communication: At present,
to the operationalising the fund a the first adaptation communication
Technical Advisory Group (TAG) has for India is being drafted. Seven
been constituted with representatives sector working groups with priority
from Central Ministries and Depts., sectors, themes and regions have been
scientists and economists. constituted to provide inputs. NDMA
is heading the disaster management
III. Santiago Network on Loss and Damage and infrastructure resilience working
(SNLD): The Santiago network as part of groups which included representatives
the Warsaw International Mechanism from Central Ministries and Depts.,
on loss and damage was established scientific organizations and academic
at COP25 in 2019, to catalyse technical institutions.
assistance of relevant organizations
for the implementation of relevant 3.8 Disaster Management Plan of Ministries/
approaches in developing countries Departments of Government of India:
that are particularly vulnerable to the
For assistance of the Ministries/ Departments
adverse impacts of climate. NDMA also
of the Govt. of India in preparation of their
negotiated on creation of organizational
Disaster Management Plan (DMP), NDMA
structures for the Santiago Network
formulated a ‘Suggested Structure for Disaster
at COP27. In its decision (FCCC/
Management Plan-Departments/ Ministries
CP/2022/L.5/ Rev.1 and FCCC/PA/
in the GoI’ and circulated the same to all
CMA/2022/L.4, respectively), the COP
concerned. This is available on NDMA’s web site
endorses the Conference of the Parties
www.ndma.gov.in under the link Policy and Plan
serving as the meeting of the Parties to
– DM Plan Templates. A simplified template for
the Paris Agreement (CMA) decision
DM Plan has also been prepared for Ministries
on the Santiago Network especially
/ Departments who are not directly involved in
on the structure, namely a hosted
Disaster Management.
secretariat that will facilitate its work,
to be known as the Santiago Network A list of Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Secretariat, an Advisory Board to from Ministries on DMP and their answers have
provide guidance and oversight to been circulated to all Ministries / Departments
the Santiago Network Secretariat and also uploaded on NDMA’s website under
on the effective implementation of the link Policy and Plan – DM Plan Templates.
the functions of the network, and a

15
The matter regarding preparation of DMP by Ministries/ Departments of Govt. of India and
the Ministries/Departments of the Government furnished comments for their revision:
of India as per Section 37 of the DM Act is
1. Ministry of AYUSH
being consistently pursued with them through
meetings and D.O. letters. 2. Department of Fertilizers
(As on 31.03.2023) NDMA approved the Disaster 3. Ministry of Civil Aviation
Management Plan (DMP) of following Ministries
/ Departments of Govt. of India: 4. Department of Commerce

1. Ministry of Corporate Affairs 5. Department for Promotion of Industry

and Internal Trade
2. Department of Fisheries
6. Department of Telecommunications
3. Department of Animal Husbandry and
Dairying 7. Ministry of Culture

4. Ministry of Food Processing Industries 8. Department of Defence Production

5. Ministry of Steel 9. Ministry of Earth Sciences

6. Department of Atomic Energy 10. Department of Health Research

7. Department of Agriculture, Cooperation 11. Department of Heavy Industry

& Farmers Welfare (Common plan 12. Department of Internal Security
of Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers
Welfare namely National Agriculture 13. Department of States
Disaster Management Plan)
14. Department of Official Language
8. Department of Agricultural Research
15. Department of Home
and Education (Common plan of
Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers 16. Department of Jammu, Kashmir and
Welfare namely National Agriculture Ladakh Affairs
Disaster Management Plan)
17. Department of Border Management
9. Ministry of Power
18. Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs
10. Ministry of Coal
19. Department of School Education &
11. Ministry of Labour and Employment Literacy
12. Ministry of Panchayati Raj 20. Ministry of Information and
Broadcasting
13. Ministry of Skill Development &
Entrepreneurship 21. Department of Water Resources, River
Development and Ganga Rejuvenation
14. Department of Justice
22. Ministry of Drinking Water & Sanitation
(As on 31.03.2023) NDMA examined the
Disaster Management Plan (DMP) of following 23. Ministry of Mines

16
 24. Ministry of Minority Affairs period of the entire Scheme has been
extended upto FY 2025-26 and States/
25. Ministry of Petroleum & Natural Gas UTs can implement the Scheme for
26. Ministry of Railways three years from the date of start of
the Scheme.
27. Ministry of Road Transport and
Highways The Scheme, inter – alia, provides for financial
support for hiring of one Disaster Management
28. Ministry of Women and Child (DM) professional at SDMA in all States/ UTs.
Development The DM professional will facilitate/ support
29. Department of Youth Affairs the State Administration in taking measures
for implementation of Sendai Framework for
30. Department of Space Disaster Risk Reduction. The details of financial
support for the components of the Scheme are
31. Ministry of External Affairs as under:
32. Department of Public Enterprises a. Hiring of one Sr. Consultant at the rate
33. Department of Rural Development of Rs. One Lakh per month.

34. Ministry of Electronics and Information b. Hiring of one Data Entry Operator at
Technology the rate of Rs. 22,000/- per month.

35. Department of Pharmaceuticals c. Hiring of the vehicle with a ceiling of

Rs. 25,000/- per month for the first
36. Department of Land Resources year, Rs. 27,500/- per month for the
37. Department of Economic Affairs second year, and Rs. 30,250/- for the
third year.
38. Department of Chemicals and
Petrochemicals d. Financial support of Rs. 2.0 Lakh (one
time) for setting up of the office.
39. Department of Consumer Affairs
The details of the amount released to States /
40. Ministry of Environment, Forest, and UTs under the Scheme (as on 25.5.2023) are as
Climate Change under:
41. Department of Biotechnology Total funds released under the Scheme
3.9 Schemes under implementation: Financial Funds released No of States/
Year (Rs. in Lakhs) UTs
A. Implementation of the Sendai 2018-19 594.56 29 States 2 UTs
Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction: 2019-20 22.16 3 UTs
The Scheme – Implementation of the
2020-21 134.90 7 States 1 UT
Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk
Reduction – was approved in February, 2021-22 235.26042 11 States 2 UTs
2019 by NDMA at a cost of Rs.2010.6 2022-23 219.014 10 States 3 UT
Lakh for implementation in all the 2023-24 41.07253 4 States
States and UTs for three years during Grand Total 1246.96695
2018-19 to 2020-21. Implementation
17
B. Strengthening of District Disaster 3.10 Projects completed / under
Management Authorities (DDMAs) of implementation:
Hazard Prone Districts out of the 115
identified backward districts: The Scheme A. Assessment of Vulnerability and Threshold
– Strengthening of District Disaster of heat related health hazards in four Cities
Management Authorities (DDMAs) of of India: National Disaster Management
Hazard Prone Districts out of the 115 Authority (NDMA) awarded the project to
identified backward districts – was Public Health Foundation of India (PHFI),
approved in February, 2019 by NDMA at a Haryana, India in December, 2019 for
cost of Rs. 28.98 Crore for implementation study on Assessment of Vulnerability and
in all the States except Goa, where Threshold of heat-related health hazards
no backward district is identified, for in four Cities of India i.e. Ongole (Andhra
three years during 2018-19 to 2020-21. Pradesh), Karimnagar (Telangana), Angul
Implementation period of the entire (Odisha) and Kolkata (West Bengal) at a
Scheme has been extended upto FY 2025- tentative cost of Rs. 48,98,300/-.
26 and States/UTs can implement the
Scheme for three years from the date of This study will assess the health effect of
start of the Scheme. exposure to heat waves across four cities/towns
The Scheme provides for financial support in the country. Additionally, it will also assess
for hiring of one Disaster Management (DM) the burden of heat wave in four cities/towns of
professional at the rate of Rs. 70,000/- (Rupees the country and map the current socio-cultural
Seventy thousand) per month in each of hazard practices across these four sites. It will explore
prone districts out of 115 identified districts and document the opportunities and challenges
in 28 States for the duration of the Scheme. that the vulnerable population are facing in
The DM professional will facilitate/support terms of mitigating the risks related to heat
the District Administration in taking measures waves. Further, the study will provide robust
for implementation of Sendai Framework for evidence from four cities of India to inform
Disaster Risk Reduction. the policy which in turn would strengthen the
current state- and region-wise Indian weather
The details of the amount released to States warning system for better preparedness. The
under the Scheme (as on 25.5.2023) are as policy briefs that would be developed for each
under: state, would offer state-specific suggestions to
improve preparedness to deal with heat wave.
Total Funds released under the Scheme
Financial Funds released No of States/ PHFI has submitted its final report for the
Year (Rs. in Lakhs) UTs Project, which has been accepted by the
NDMA. The study has added quantification of
2018-19 524.30 27 States
heat related vulnerability and temperature
2019-20 315.00 315.00 threshold for range of geographic settings for
2020-21 221.20 11 States four different cities representing four different
2021-22 287.00 11 States 1 UT Indian states. The findings of this analysis may
2022-23 226.80 5 States 1 UT allow policymakers to answer the questions
Grand Total 1574.30 about the severity of the issue and to develop
strategies for coping mechanism. The findings

18
of this study may also help to establish priorities C. Compendium of best practices and
for action among many urban local bodies’ indigenous technical knowledge with
players and promote in developing a strategic regard to management of forest fire : NDMA
framework for city specific Heat Action Plan awarded a project namely preparation
which envisioned at averting and decreasing of “Compendium of best practices and
heat health hazards. The study gave short, mid indigenous technical knowledge with
and long term general policy recommendations regard to management of forest fire” to FRI,
for dealing with heat related health hazards. Dehradun in April, 2021 at a tentative cost
of Rs. 28,49,000/- and the work is under
An amount of Rs. 48,05,295/- was incurred in progress. The deliverable of the project
implementation of the project. The amount has will be a report compiling information and
also been paid to PHFI. The project has been analysis on following objectives:
completed.
a. To collect the information on
B. Developing framework for Heat indigenous knowledge and traditional
Vulnerability Mapping and Model Heat practices of forest fire prevention and
Action Plan for Indian Cities: NDMA has control from different States.
awarded the project to Visvesvaraya
National Institute of Technology (VNIT), b. To interact with the people (directly/
Nagpur for Developing Framework for through questionnaire survey) from
Heat Vulnerability Mapping and Model fringe forest villages where traditional
Heat Action Plan for Indian Cities at a practices are used for forest fire
tentative cost of Rs. 46,94,612/-. prevention and control. To compile
the indigenous knowledge of fire
The deliverables of the project include: prevention and control available with
a. Study showing relationship village communities living near fringe
between outdoor thermal comfort, forest.
meteorological parameters and c. To analyze how to mainstream
morphological parameters. traditional practices into modern
b. Heat Vulnerability Map for 2 cities in firefighting.
Vidarbha region. In order to review the progress of the project,
c. Heat Action Plan for a selected city. a review meeting was also held with officers of
Forest Research Institute (FRI) on 21st March,
d. Generic methodology for Heat 2022.
Vulnerability mapping.
The draft Compendium was received for review
e. Framework for model HAP. of NDMA. NDMA examined the Compendium
VNIT submitted the 5th six monthly report for and shared its comments to FRI, Dehrudun
the project and same has been accepted by for its finalization. The final document was
NDMA. The Study is likely to be completed by submitted by FRI and is currently under the
December, 2023. process of finalizing.

19
 CHAPTER: IV
DISASTER RISK MITIGATION
PROJECTS/ ACTIVITIES

4.1 National Cyclone Risk Mitigation Project 4.3 The second phase of NCRMP was approved
(NCRMP) in July 2015 for the States of Goa, Gujarat,
Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra and West
The project has four components namely: Bengal at a cost of ₹ 2361.35 crore with
project completion date as 15th March
i) Component A: Early Warning
2021. The outlay for NCRMP Phase II has
Dissemination System ensuring last
been revised twice and the final outlay
mile connectivity
is ₹ 1864.38 crore. The project has been
ii) Component B: Cyclone Risk Mitigation completed in March 2023. However, the
Infrastructure like Multi-Purpose grace period for final closure of the project
Cyclone Shelters, Evacuation/ Approach is July, 2023. An amount of ₹ 1829.85 crore
Roads/Bridges, Saline Embankment & has been released under the scheme out
Underground Cabling, of which expenditure till March 2023 was
₹ 1711.12 crore. The final payment to the
iii) Component C: Technical Assistance for vendors is in process and will be completed
Multi-Hazard Risk Management and by July 2023.
Capacity Building and
4.4 Early Warning and Dissemination System
iv) Component D: Project Management (EWDS) has been installed & commissioned
and Implementation Support. in 2 Coastal States namely Andhra Pradesh
Components A, C & D are fully financed by and Odisha. EWDS work in Goa, Karnataka
the Central Government and component B is and Kerala is under progress and likely to
financed by Central and State Government in complete by July 2023. Total 795 nos. of
the ratio of 75:25. The Central Government Multi-Purpose Cyclone Shelters (MPCS),
component is funded through World Bank 1291.52 Km of Roads, 118.18 Km of
assistance (loan). National Disaster Management Saline Embankment (SE), 1331.97 Kms.
Authority is the implementing agency for the Underground Electric Cabling (UGC) and
project. The project was approved in following 36 nos. of Bridges has been constructed
two phases as Centrally Sponsored Scheme under NCRMP.
(CSS). 4.5 As part of reducing disaster risks and
4.2 The first phase of the NCRMP was strengthening the capacity of various govt.
approved in January 2011 for the States of departments and communities, training
Andhra Pradesh & Odisha. The project was and capacity building is one among the
completed in December 2018 with a total subcomponent of the project. 24,007
expenditure of ₹ 2440 crore. Govt. officials have been trained through
889 nos. of Capacity Building Trainings on

21
 various topics as well as 68,988 community forecast tool for location specific
representatives have also got trained cyclone wind speed and inundation
through 3,378 Shelter Level Trainings level due to storm surge, cyclone
under NCRMP Phase I & II. induced rainfall and riverine flood. This
information can be used by the States
4.6 Apart from that, 795 Cyclone Shelter for evacuation planning and response
Management & Maintenance Committees as well as in mitigation planning.
has also been constituted across 8 project
States to effectively manage the shelter II. Comprehensive Multi-hazard Risk
arrangements. Each committee has the Financing Strategy (CMhRFS) study to
participation of various govt. officials, quantify risks and develop strategies
community representatives, women for financial risk transfer for States in
& weaker section representatives etc. case of calamities.
The Cyclone Shelters constructed under
NCRMP were/are used for various relief III. Hydro-meteorological Resilience
and rehabilitation purposes during the Action Plan (HmRAP) study to
COVID-19 pandemic and recent cyclones. strengthen ULBs to effectively plan for
and respond to various hazards and
4.7 Non-structural interventions taken up in climate change in six project coastal
NCRMP are as follows: cities.
I. Web based Dynamic Composite Risk
Atlas & Decision Support System
(Web DCRA-DSS) is a real time impact

22
 Photographs of assets created under NCRMP I & II

EWDS Spun tower, Ganjam, Odisha EWDS Monopole, Ganjam, Odisha

Evacuation route Bridge, Karnataka Evacuation route Bridge, Andhra Pradesh

23
 Saline Embankment, Odisha Saline Embankment, Karnataka

Underground Cabling Equipment, Goa Underground Cabling Equipment, West

Bengal

24
Multi-Purpose Cyclone Shelters constructed under NCRMP- I & II

25
Initiatives by Mitigation Division, and 339 police stations have been
NDMA provided with the radiation measuring
instruments and safety kits.
4.8 Mitigation Division takes up pilot projects • Under the project, training is also
and studies on cross cutting themes imparted to around 430 police
covering different aspects of natural and personnel/NDRF in the cities under this
manmade disasters including Floods, project. NDMA has carried out ground
Landslides, Earthquakes, Chemical, level implementation verification for
Biological, Radiological and Nuclear utilization of this instrument on sample
Disasters etc. through reputed Institutions/ basis at four Mumbai police stations
organizations. Various Projects/ activities (photo attached). Few gap areas like lack
undertaken by NDMA are as under:- of awareness of police personal about
the use of this instrument; missing and
A. Nuclear & Radiological nonfunctional instrument at police
4.9 Mobile Radiation Detection System vehicle was observed. A Check list for
(MRDS): midterm evaluation was prepared and
Action plan for awareness generation
• NDMA has partly completed an cum midterm evaluation at selected
important pilot project under which cities/police station have been chalked
police departments in 56 cities have out. Two meetings were held with
been equipped with Mobile Radiation BARC to finalize Annual Maintenance
Detection System (MRDS) to tackle Contract of MRDS instruments. It is
radiological emergencies in public planned to carry out sample midterm
domain. 930 police patrol vehicles evaluation, finalize AMC and handover
were fitted with Go-No-Go instruments all MRDS related activities to individual
police station or SDMA.

26
4.10 Training on Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear (CBRN) Emergency Management for
Emergency handlers at Seaports/Airports:
Capacity building and training at the major airports and seaports is continuing to improve the
preparedness against CBRN emergency. The CBRN training programme covers basic hazards,
safety actions, hands-on field exercises with the target to prepare the ports to prevent and
mitigate any CBRN related incidents till the arrival of the trained responders at the incident
site. In phase-1 a total of 25 batches of basic training on CBRN Emergency completed and
approximately 1400 staff members from the various agencies responsible for the operation of
the ports have been trained by the domain experts and NDRF. In Phase -2 basic training at 11
ports has been completed. During the year 2022-23 till date, NDMA has completed training
for 6 airports and 3 seaport ( Jaipur, Lucknow, Raipur, Guwahati, Ahmadabad, MOPA-New Goa
Airports and JNPT, Chennai, Kolkata).

27
4.11 Review of NDRF SOP and AERB documents: the role and responsibilities of NDMA
during off-site emergency of NPP.
• NDMA received a SOP from NDRF for The PPT was finalized by NDMA
mock exercises at NPP site. This SOP and subsequently, combined with
document was reviewed and review NDRF PPT for single presentation.
comments were prepared. After This was presented before Hon’ble
approval of the comments, it was sent Home Minister on 17th April, 2022
to IG NDRF on 12th October, 2022. by Member Secretary, NDMA and DG
AERB Safety Code on “Management of NDRF in presence of Secretary MHA,
Nuclear and Radiological Emergencies” Secretary AEC, CMD NPCIL. A total of 15
(AERB/NFR/SC/NRE) received in directions/recommendations received
NDMA for comments. Comments from Hon’ble Home Minister. ATR
were prepared and sent to AERB after related to NDMA was presented to all
approval from NDMA competent stakeholders (DAE, NPCIL, AERB, NDRF
authority. Subsequently, responses and MHA) and MOM was circulated for
were reviewed for acceptance by preparing harmonized & consolidated
NDMA. ATR. Based on the inputs from all
4.12 NDMA’s action plan and preparedness in stakeholders, combined ATR was
Nuclear Power Plant accident: prepared by NDMA and after approval,
sent it to MHA on 5th July 2022.
• A meeting was conducted through Towards submission of updates about
video conferencing with the District the ATRs related to NDMA, Secretary
Authorities/DM/DC of the districts (I/C) NDMA, Members, NDMA visited
currently having operating NPPs KKNPP, KAPS NPP, MAPS NPP, TAPS NPP
to discuss their preparedness to and KGS NPP site and reviewed off-site
deal with any nuclear emergency in emergency preparedness of respective
their district and obtain feedback. sites and held meetings at site with
As per requirement of MHA, a draft NPCIL and AERB. Updated ATR was
presentation was prepared highlighting sent to MHA on 4th October 2022.

28
4.13 Off-site and Site emergency exercises for Nuclear Power Plants (NPP):

• NPCIL has devised new methodologies (Table-top, integrated command, control & response
(ICCR) and full-fledged exercise involving public) for conducting OSEEs for NPPs. NDMA team
participated and observed the site emergency exercises and off-site emergency exercises
on 2nd September and 11th October, 2022 respectively.

29
4.14 Review and action plan with respect to
repeated flooding incident at KGS site and
effect on emergency preparedness:
• Based on AERB safety committee
directives, a note was received from
Station Director of Kaiga Generating
Station (KGS) highlighting water logging/
flooding incident on two occasions, during
2019 and 2021 on the surrounding areas
connecting NPP and residential colony/
neighborhoods localities. This note was
reviewed with respect to proposed action
plan like, updating DDMP, alternate evacuation routes, emergency communication facilities,
shelters and disruption of food and other essential supplies. Based on review comments,
NPCIL submitted responses indicating both short term and long term measures to take care
such kind of flooding in future. Based on the responses, site verification was carried out on
10th September, 2022.

4.15 Review of Construction of secondary level 4.16 SOP-6 up-dating and presentation to MHA
CBRN Medical Management Centres:
• This confidential SOP on “Management
• Construction of CBRN Medical of Nuclear/Radiological Emergencies
Management Centres at designated has been prepared by the Group
urban/semi-urban/rural hospitals of officers (Group-6) after due
under the central sector scheme consultation with the all stake holders.
“Health Sector Disaster Preparedness After incorporating all comments, this
and Response” have been initiated by document was submitted to MHA in
MHA. As per the approved scheme, August 2021. Subsequently, a meeting
the secondary level centres (10 Nos) was held in February 2022 at MHA for
would be set up in identified hospitals harmonization of updated SOP-6 with
covered under off-site plans of Nuclear all other SOPs under Group-6.
Power Plants and in cities vulnerable
to terrorism. The user requirements,
specifications, structural plans and 4.17 Preparation and finalization of SOP-24
technical specification were reviewed
and comments were forwarded • SOP-24 is finalized and review of
for implementation. Meeting was comments is pending. This will be
held with Secretary (Health), Union taken up based on further directives of
Ministry of Health and Family Welfare MHA.
on 3rd March 2023 for finalization of 4.18 Procurement of HAZMAT Vehicle:
10 Secondary and 2 tertiary levels
CBRN hospital under the central sector
scheme. • HAZMAT vehicle technical specification

30
 finalization for G-20 summit was • The project has been awarded to IIT
required on urgent basis by NDRF. After Bombay. The scope of the project
four combined meetings, purchase is to develop teaching resource
order for 4 vehicles is finalized by NDRF. material on five identified subjects i.e.
Structure Dynamics and Earthquake
B. Earthquake & Tsunami Engineering (Core subject); Earthquake
4.19 Development of Teaching Resource Geotechnical Engineering (Elective
Material for Under Graduate Courses Subject); Earthquake Resistant Design
in Engineering/ Architecture of RC Structures (Elective Subject);
College for Technical Education Earthquake Resistant Design of Steel
Structures (Elective Subject); and
• About 58.6% of India’s landmass is Design Studio- Earthquake Resistant
vulnerable to the threat of moderate Structural Configuration (Core subject).
to severe seismic shaking and 80% Thereafter Pilot testing of these courses
of Indian population resides in these through one full semester course in
areas. It is evident from the past engineering and architecture college
earthquakes that buildings sustained preferably located in seismic zone IV &
damages if not designed properly. In V. Faculty members from engineering
most of the cases, it is found that a institutions with relatively higher ranks
large number of existing buildings do based on the NIRF ranking trained on
not have earthquake resistant features the identified subjects through Training
specified in BIS codes. Non-availability of Trainers (ToT) Workshops. In future,
of resource material in course the trained faculty members would be
curriculum at the undergraduate level expected to provide further training to
in Engineering/ Architecture Colleges faculty members of other engineering
is one of the contributing factors in and architecture colleges. The resource
poor design or construction of built materials have been revised based on
environment. Hence, there is a need the feedback received from the pilot
to prepare course curriculum for offering and ToT Workshop.
undergraduate in the discipline of Civil
Engineering/ Architecture.

31
 Training of Trainers (ToT) Workshop on Earthquake Resistant Design
of RC Structures conducted at IIT Madras

Training of Trainers (ToT) Workshop on Architecture Design Studio-

Earthquake Resistant Structural Configurationconducted at Guru Gobind Singh
Indraprastha University Dwarka, New Delhi

32
 Training of Trainers (ToT) Workshop on Structure Dynamics and Earthquake
Engineering conducted at IIT Bombay

4.20 Development of Earthquake Disaster Risk index obtained from the study will
Index Phase II be mainly the combination of hazard,
vulnerability, and exposure to the city.
• Rapid urbanization of Indian cities in It will provide information to each city
the last few decades has increased the of their impending risk involved, and
demand on housing sector, imposing its consequences, help to reduce the
pressure on construction industry to social and economic consequences
cater to this demand. More often, due to an earthquake and give an Inter-
proper planning of cities and its comparison of the risk among the cities
infrastructure are not carried out, to as well as guide government agencies
meet this demand in less time. This for prioritizing disaster preparedness
has led to uneven growth of low rise- and response measures in the more
to-midrise buildings in Tier II cities and vulnerable area of the city. NDMA has
midrise-to-high rise buildings in Tier I completed the phase I of the project
cities, jeopardising safety of property for 50 cities in 2019 and Phase II of
and life, during disasters. Therefore, the project is in progress which targets
there is an urgent need to assess the next 16 cities. The project has been
seismic risk of buildings located in awarded to MNIT Jaipur.
high seismic regions of India, to help
towards disaster mitigation of cities • The project includes the evaluation
reasonably well. of earthquake disaster risk index of
cities in terms of a) vulnerability of
• The main objective of the project is buildings b) expected level of damage
to assess the earthquake risk in cities to the buildings c) corresponding
of India, which will help mitigate expected loss of life and property, as
negative consequences, prepare, and well as preparation of Individual city
respond to the next event. The risk report with list of major contributing

33
 factors to the overall risk, along with a technologies has been clearly brought
separate report for the policy maker. out during recent earthquake disasters.
The local traditional construction
4.21 Compendium of Traditional Earthquake practices had adapted earthquake-
Resilient Construction Practices for resistant technologies, which are now
Knowledge Sharing and Disaster Risk being lost due to the induction of
Reduction: Promotion of Traditional modern materials and construction
Construction Practices techniques in these areas without
• Many past earthquakes resulted in addressing the seismic safety of
significant property loss and human modern constructions.
lives in the Himalayan region. As a • The scope of the project is to identify
result, communities residing in this and document the traditional building
region swiftly grasped the fundamental types in the Himalayan region and
premise of earthquake safety, which develop their structural system
states that structural safety is the classification scheme as well as
key to avoiding loss of property and identify the earthquake-resilient and
human lives in a seismogenic event. vulnerable features in the traditional
The traditional construction practices, buildings and suggest the appropriate
especially in the Himalayan region, safety measures to reduce their
are unique as they primarily utilise seismic vulnerability. The project was
the locally available material which is awarded to IIT Ropar in a consortium
very cost effective and eco-friendly. with IIT Roorkee and AEC Guwahati.
The effectiveness of these traditional

34
4.22 The existing literature suggests the existence of multiple traditional earthquake-resilient building
practices in the northwestern Himalayas within India. These traditional building practices mainly
include the timber-laced stone masonry without mortar, indigenously known as ‘Koti-banal’ or
‘Kath-kunni’ (Rautela et al. 2009a, Rautela et al. 2009b), the timber frame with dry stone walls
indigenously known as ‘Thathara’ (Rahul et al. 2013), the timber braced frame in filled with
brick/stone masonry laid in mud mortar indigenously known as ‘Dhajji-dewari’ (Hicyilmaz et
al. 2011), and the timber-laced brick/stone masonry laid in mud mortar indigenously known
as ‘Taq’ (Dhandhapany et al. 2019). Similarly, northeast India’s traditional seismically-resilient
building practice mainly includes the timber frame filled in with ‘Ekra’ reeds, indigenously
known as ‘Assam-type’ or ‘Ekra’ (Kaushik and Babu2009) housing. Institute team conducted
the field visits to document these traditional building typologies and based on the assessment,
safety measure to improve the performance of these buildings have been suggested.

Kath-kunni Construction Key Features Suggested Safety Measures

Kath-kunni construction is one of the oldest forms of traditional construction
widely seen in Shimla, Kullu, Kinnaur, and Mandi districts in Himachal Pradesh and
Uttarkashi in the state of Uttarakhand.

35
 Thathara Construction Key Features Suggested Safety Measures

Thathara traditional construction practice is one of the most prevalent traditional

building typologies observed in the ‘Chamba’ district of Himachal Pradesh, India.

Dhajji-Dewari Construction Key Features Suggested Safety Measures

The term Dhajji-Dewari is derived from the Persian language meaning ‘Patchwork
Quilt Wall’ and it is a traditional building practice of the Western Himalayan region.
In particular, these buildings can be seen in the Union Territory of Jammu and
Kashmir and a few buildings also in the city of Shimla and nearby areas in the
State of Himachal Pradesh, India

36
 Taq Construction Key Features Suggested Safety Measures

Taq is a traditional timber-laced masonry construction practice prevalent in

Western Himalayas in Kashmir Valley around Srinagar, in the Union Territory of
Jammu and Kashmir, India

Assam Construction Key Features Suggested Safety Measures

Assam-type of building construction is one of the oldest forms of traditional

construction widely seen in the North-eastern States of Assam, Sikkim and
Meghalaya

37
4.23 Bihar, Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand 4.24 Pilot project to improve Earthquake
earthquake Scenario Development for Resilience of Masonry Lifeline Structures
Awareness Campaign. and upcoming constructions.
NDMA has launched a project to develop the two Earthquakes in the recent past in India caused
scientific scenarios by revising the 1934-Bihar widespread damage, resulting in the loss of
Nepal earthquake and the 1991-Uttarkashi lives and property especially unreinforced
earthquake. Developing scenario assessment masonry structure. Unreinforced masonry
aims to provide an improved understanding (URM) buildings make up a significant portion
of the extent of affected areas due to these of the buildings across the globe. It is a well-
earthquakes and to anticipate damages/ known fact that the majority of these structures
losses both on human lives, lifeline buildings have not been designed for seismic loads and
and on the overall built environment. Finally, the walls of these building structures were
the outcome of the project will be beneficial designed to resist gravity loads principally.
for State machineries and communities (as Therefore, moderate to strong earthquakes can
first responders) in responding effectively produce devastating impacts in cities or villages
to a disaster situation similar to these past resulting in a massive death toll and a huge loss
earthquakes. to property and national infrastructure. Hence
retrofitting of these structures and enhancing
The total cost of the Project is ₹ 302 Lakh. The their strength is essential. There are a number
main objectives of the scheme are as under: of techniques that have been developed and
• Developmentof two scientific executed for the improvement ofthe seismic
earthquake scenarios by revisiting behavior of these structures.
1934 Bihar Nepal earthquake and 1991 NDMA has undertaken a pilot project to
Uttarkashi earthquake: based on color improve the earthquake resilience of lifelines
coded risk maps including population structure with States of Tripura, Uttarakhand
exposure, expected damage and and NDMC Delhi which include the retrofitting
losses. of selected masonry lifeline buildings,
• Facilitation of the outcome to the construction of technology demonstration unit
study to the policymakers of the States and capacity building of engineer, bar benders,
for better earthquake risk mitigation and carpenters. The total cost of the Project is
strategies ₹ 950 Lakh.

• State level workshop to facilitate the The main objectives of the Scheme are: -
outcome of the study • Structural safety audit of selected
• District level workshops in concerned lifeline masonry buildings
States to sensitize the district officials • Retrofitting of selected lifeline masonry
The implementing agency i.e. IIT Roorkee has buildings
submitted the report of stage-1 as per MoU and • Construction of Technology
is progressing toward stage 2 of the project. Demonstration Units to showcase the
Stage-1 report includes the risk assessment of earthquake-resistant technology (one
the Bihar and Uttarakhand. each in the project States/UT).

38
 • Capacity Building-Training of engineers, UTs in future. NDMA conceptualized
masons, bar-benders, and artisans and launched LRMS under Improving
Disaster Risk Governance of SDMA’s /
Uttarakhand Government has submitted the DDMA’s in July, 2019. The total cost of
structural safety audit and DPR which was vetted the project is INR 43,9174000. Scheme
by the project monitoring committee and now covering 21 States and 2 UTs taken on
tendering is in process for the structure. pilot scale covering 10 States in Phase
1 and 11 States & 2 UTs in Phase 2.
Tripura Government has completed the Four major outcomes of the scheme
retrofitting work as per the DPR and they have are Landslide Mitigation, Real Time
submitted the structural safety report. Monitoring, Awareness programmes
and Capacity Building & Training. A
NDMC Delhi has revised version of the DPR Template for preparation of DPR was
which is in the process of vetting. prepared by NDMA and circulated to
all vulnerable States / UTs.
C. Landslide & Avalanches
• Three States of Mizoram, Nagaland and
4.25 Landslide Risk Mitigation Scheme Sikkim completed landslide treatment/
• NDMA has launched Landslide Risk mitigation and Uttarakhand is in process
Mitigation Scheme (LRMS) to provide to do the treatment at the vulnerable
central assistance to vulnerable States/ site. State Level Workshops were also
UTs for disaster preparedness and build organized in Mizoram, Nagaland and
their capacity to take up other Landslide Sikkim.
Mitigation Projects by the States/

39
4.26 Creation, Periodic Review/ Updation of was signed for preparation of “The
Building codes on Landslide Resilient Guidelines for Determination of Rock
Features Mass Shear Strength in Bedrock of
Landslide Affected Slopes” in July 2020
• NDMA initiated a project to support under BIS Committee (CED 48) with IIT
the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) Roorkee and BIS. Another MoU signed
in preparation of new Guidelines / in July 2021 for preparation of two
Codes / Standards on landslides. For more guidelines under BIS Committee
landslide two committees of BIS i.e., (CED 56) on “Guidelines for micro-
CED 48 (Rock Mechanics Sectional) piles for Mitigation of Landslides or
& CED 56 (Hill Area Development Slope Stabilization” and “Safety and
Engineering Sectional) were formed Mitigation Measures for the Buildings
for preparation of Guidelines / codes / and Infrastructures in Landslide
standards. Guidelines will be finalised Affected Areas”. “The Guidelines for
by NDMA & BIS and then relevant Determination of Rock Mass Shear
Codes / Standard will be developed Strength” has been finalized after the
by BIS. Developed document will be review meeting with BIS and the final
circulated among all the concerned draft has been submitted to BIS for
Ministries, Departments, States/UTs approval.
and other stakeholders for use. MoU

40
D. Geographic Information System (GIS)
4.27 Project-1. Development of Cloud Based Application Information System Project
• Development of Cloud based GIS portals and operation dashboard on pan India
1.1 Developed COVID-19 Operational Dashboard:
• NDMA has developed a GIS portal in managing pandemic situation Covid19 occurred in
the year 2020. The COVID-19 GIS Portal provides a holistic picture of the growing situation
of this pandemic in India by giving daily status and regular periodic updates of cases,
surveillance status, infrastructure availability, hotspots and rahat camps at all three levels
in the country, i.e. national, state and district. The Geo-enabled Dashboard developed for
the public, SDMAs and other stakeholders to avail information related to Covid-19 cases.
The integration of the available data through Geographic Information System (GIS) at these
three levels makes it an interactive platform wherein data and information are available in a
visually appealing format. The COVID-19 GIS Portal is updating daily and collated data from
different agency till date are available.

Figure 1: Representing the Covid 19 Dashboard

41
1.2 Developed Oxygen Operational Dashboard
• The oxygen dashboard has been developed by the NDMA in order to monitor the availability
of oxygen cylinders in various hospitals in different states of India. The hospital users are
provided with the login id and passwords in order to daily update the availability status of
numbers of oxygen cylinders in the hospitals. Dashboard contains the database of all the
hospitals with their addresses and geo-location. The availability of the oxygen cylinder is
represented in the form of their storage capacity in Kiloliters and is categorized in Liquid
oxygen tank, D type oxygen cylinders and B type oxygen cylinders. The Portal is updating
daily and collated data from different agency till date are available.

Figure 2: Representing the oxygen dashboard

42
1.3 Hazard Information System Portal • FCI locations
• Hazard management, assessment and • Agricultural Mandi
prediction are developed for the prevention
and mitigation of geological hazards. Data • Post Office
sets related to geological hazard prevention • Power Stations
has been collected from various states,
and also integrated the layers of historical • Chemical Refineries
data, infrastructure and utilities for hazard 1.3.3 Inventory
specific geo-databases like Earthquake,
Flood, Chemical, Landslide, Cyclone and • Historical Landslide Point
Wind hazard, Forest fire, Tsunami, Nuclear,
Lightening and Multi hazard. The hazards • GLOF Locations
vulnerability maps of Pan India. • Flood Events
1.3.1 Hazards wise Information • Earthquake epicenters
• Earthquake Zone/Fault Line/ • MAH Units
Earthquake Location
• Forest Fire points
• Landslide
• NDRF Location
• Flood
• Cyclone Shelter
• Cyclone and Wind Hazard
• States/ District HQ
• Forest Fire
• Fire Station
• Tsunami
• Town/Village level Population data
• Nuclear
• Administrative boundaries (States/
• Chemical Hazards / MAH Units Districts/ Sub District/Village)
• NCRMP Shelter Location 1.3.4 Other Sources (e.g. data.gov.in)
• Kendriya Bhandar Location • States/ District HQ
• Petroleum exploration Safety • Fire Station
organization (PESO) Location
• Town/Village level population data
• Apda Mitra Volunteer Geolocation
• Heritage Buildings
1.3.2 Instruments and Infrastructure
• Other Utilities
• Hospitals Location (Up to PHC and
Private Hospitals)
• Diagnostic centers

43
 Figure 3: These figures represent the Cyclone and wind hazard and Earthquake
tabs (map of pan India) of the Hazard Information System

44
4.28 Project- 2. Capacity Building of Stakeholders on GIS in Disaster Risk Reduction Project:
2.1 Organize training on “application of GIS in Disaster risk Reduction” with collaboration of
NESAC : NDMA has been sponsoring to organize the training programs to create awareness
among all the SDMA’s and stakeholders / disaster managers on the Application of Geographic
Information System in Disaster Risk Reduction in which two days and five days training
programs are conducted by the North Eastern Space Applications Centre, Umiam. Training
is being conducted which involves a number of participants of various States/ UTs so that
they can be made aware about the GIS technology and they are able to use this technology
in making decisions at the time of occurrence of geological disaster or pandemic. Total 03
training programmes have been conducted during 2022-2023 and about 150 professionals
have been trained from all SDMAs, Ministries and other stakeholders. The project is
completed in March 2023.

Picture: Glimpse of the lectures and discussion during the two days training program

Picture: Photograph of valedictory session of the two days training program

45
 Picture: Some of the photographs showing the lectures, discussion, field visit and hand
on training session dursing the five days training program

46
2.2. Organize training on “Application of GIS in Disaster Risk Reduction” with collaboration of
IIRS : NDMA has been sponsoring to organize the training programs to create awareness
among all the SDMA’s and stakeholders/ disaster managers on the Application of Geographic
Information System in Disaster Risk Reduction, in which five days training conducted by the
Indian Institute of Remote Sensing, Dehradun. Training involves a number of participants of
various States so that they can be made aware about the GIS technology and they are able
to use this technology in making decisions at the time of occurrence of geological disaster or
pandemic. Total 01 training programme has been conducted during 2022-2023 and about
50 professionals have been trained from all SDMAs, Ministries and other stakeholders. The
project is completed in March 2023.

IIRS Dehradun presentation during the training program

47
 CHAPTER: V
CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT

Introduction • Laying emphasis on table-top

5.1 A strategic approach to capacity exercises, simulations, mock drills and
development can be addressed effectively development of skills to test the plans.
only with the active and enthusiastic • Capacity analysis of different disaster
participation of all the stakeholders. response groups at State/District/ local
This process comprises awareness levels.
generation, education, training, research
and development (R&D), etc. It further Up-scaling of Aapda Mitra Scheme
addresses putting in place appropriate
5.3 Based on the success of pilot scheme as
institutional framework, management
well as appreciation and request from all
systems and allocation of resources for
the States/UTs, NDMA is implementing Up-
efficient prevention and handling of
scaling Aapda Mitra Scheme at a total cost
disasters.
of Rs. 369.40 Cr. in 350 highly vulnerable
5.2 The approach to capacity development districts prone to floods, landslides,
includes: cyclone and earthquakes in order to train
100000 community volunteers by March
• According priority to training for 2024.
developing community based Disaster
Risk Reduction (DRR) systems for 5.4 The Scheme is being funded from
their specific needs in view of the Preparedness and Capacity Building
regional diversities and multi-hazard Funding Window of National Disaster
vulnerabilities. Response Fund (NDRF).

• Conceptualization of community based Components:

DRR systems at the national level
a. Translation and Printing of Training
through a consultative process involving
Modules, I - Card and Certificate
the States and other stakeholders
including local level authorities in b. Training of volunteers
charge of implementation.
c. Purchase of Emergency Response
• Identification of knowledge-based Kit (ERK) to be distributed among
institutions with proven performance. successfully trained volunteers and
coverage of death / permanent
• Promotion of international and
disablement / hospitalization for all
regional cooperation.
trained volunteers by the Agency
• Adoption of traditional and global best decided by NDMA
practices and technologies.

49
 d. Emergency Essential Resource Reserve includes 1st installment (10%) to 34
(EERR) at District/Block level States/UTs, 2nd installment (50%) to
33 States/UTs, and 3rd installment
e. Grant for Repair & Maintenance of (40%) to 15 States/UTs and other
Equipment expenditure at NDMA.
5.5 All trained volunteers will be provided an 5.7 Review of Scheme:
ERK including an insurance covering death
/ permanent disablement / hospitalization. a. A workshop titled Mid–Term Review
In all 350 Districts, an EERR will be & Documentation of Best Practices
distributed. of Aapda Mitra Scheme was held
from 8th – 9th December, 2022
5.6 Status of the Scheme: at Guwahati, Assam to assess the
a. The Scheme has been formally program implementation progress,
launched by the Hon’ble Home Minister review the challenges, share lessons
by releasing the Scheme Document & learnt and success stories by Aapda
the Handbook for Aapda Mitra during Mitra Volunteers. The workshop also
the 17th Formation Day of NDMA on identified gaps, in the implementation
28th September, 2021. of the Scheme so far with a view
to plug the gaps in the remaining
b. All States/UTs except Telangana have implementation of the Scheme.
signed MoU with NDMA.
b. Regular review meetings with States/
c. 72282 volunteers were trained by UTs are being held. In addition, internal
March, 2023. review meetings also take place on
d. NDMA in collaboration with Karnataka regular basis.
State Natural Disaster Monitoring Capacity Building of IAS/Central
Centre (KSNDMC) developed Civil Services Officers in Disaster
Management Information System Management at CDM, LBSNAA
(MIS) and Mobile Application, which
was launched during the National level 5.8 NDMA has signed MoU with Centre for
Workshop-cum-Training Workshop Disaster Management, Lal Bahadur Shastri
of MIS and Mobile App for Up-scaling National Academy of Administration
of Aapda Mitra Scheme. During the (LBSNAA), Mussoorie in February, 2022
workshop, hands-on-training was to implement the Project on Capacity
also given to all Nodal Officers of Building of IAS/Central Civil Services
the Scheme. During this workshop, Officers in Disaster Management at a total
insurance product specially designed outlay of Rs.3.75 Cr. for five years (2021-22
for Aapda Mitra volunteers was also to 2025-26) to train 950 officers per year
launched. at the CDM, LBSNAA, Mussoorie.

e. Out of Rs. 369.41 Cr. provisioned for the 5.9 The Project aims to sensitize to the existing
Scheme, Rs. 288.02 Cr. has been spent systems of disaster management at the
under the Project. The expenditure various executive and policy making levels

50
 of the government; to undertake case studies; and to develop knowledge repository on disaster
management. Physical and financial status are as under:

Physical Achievement Financial Achievement

1057 Officers were trained. So far, 1545 Officers
Rs. 75.00 lakh
have been trained under the project.

Meeting of Joint Monitoring with all stakeholders for better governance.

Committee to review the
implementation of National Disaster Signing of MoU with Turkmenistan
Management Guidelines on School 5.13 An MoU between India and Turkmenistan
Safety Policy on cooperation in the field of Disaster Risk
5.10 13th Meeting of the Joint Monitoring Reduction & Management was signed for
Committee (JMC) and 14th Meeting of the indefinite time during a Virtual Signing
JMC were held under the chairmanship Ceremony on 2.4.2022.
of Shri Kunal Satyarthi, Joint Secretary, Inter-Ministerial Committee Meeting
NDMA virtually on 20.04.2022 and with SAARC Disaster Management
23.3.2023 respectively to review the Center (IU)
efforts taken by States and Stakeholders on
implementation of the National Disaster 5.14 6th Inter-Ministerial Committee Meeting
Management Guidelines on School Safety and 7th Inter-Ministerial Committee
Policy–2016. Meeting were held under the chairmanship
of Shri Kamal Kishore, Member &
Interaction with Participants of Secretary In-Charge, NDMA on 11.04.2022
Advanced Professional Programme and 28.02.2023 respectively in NDMA to
in Public Administration, IIPA, New discuss Activity Plan and the modalities
Delhi for efficient functioning of SAARC Disaster
5.11 An interactive meeting between 65 senior Management Center (IU).
officers of Central Government (the International Meetings/ Conferences
participants of Advanced Professional / Workshops
Programme in Public Administration
conducted by Indian Institute of Public 5.15 4th Meeting of BRICS Joint Task Force
Administration, New Delhi) and Members (JTF) was hosted by China on 29.04.2022
& Senior Officers of NDMA was held on virtually. The meeting was attended by Shri
19.10.2022 at NDMA Bhawan, New Delhi. Kunal Satyarthi, Joint Secretary, NDMA;
Shri Nawal Prakash, Joint Advisor, NDMA;
5.12 The interaction aimed to have a better and a representative from MEA. India put
understanding of Disaster Management forth its objection to the Chinese proposal
in India by participants. NDMA officers on invitation to certain non-member
shared insights and threw light on the role countries and international organizations
of NDMA and authorities concerned to during the upcoming events under BRICS.
enhance skills and smooth coordination

51
5.16. 3rd Meeting of BRICS Ministers for members from Maldives visited NDMA
Disaster Management was hosted by on 26.05.2022 for interaction with Sr.
China on 23.09.2022. Shri Rajendra Singh, Officers/Officials of NDMA. The meeting
Member, NDMA; Shri Kunal Satyarthi, Joint was co-chaired by Lt. Gen Syed Ata Hasain
Secretary, NDMA; Lt. Col. Surya Prakash (Retd), Member; and Shri Krishna S. Vatsa,
Pandey, Joint Advisor, NDMA; Shri Ramesh Member, NDMA. The discussion points
Kumar Mishra, Under Secretary, NDMA; included vulnerability profile, institutional
and Shri Utkarsh Pandey, Consultant mechanism of DRR, key initiatives taken
(International Cooperation) attended the by NDMA for DRR including CDRI, Public
meeting virtually. Awareness Strategies, etc. in India.
5.17 1st Meeting of BIMSTEC Expert Group 5.22 A Kenyan delegation comprising 8
on Disaster Management was held members visited NDMA on 10.05.2022
on 12.05.2022 virtually under the to learn and draw lessons on Disaster
chairmanship of India. Seven countries Management Frameworks and Disaster
attended the meeting. Workable plan/ Management Fund. The meeting was co-
activities under BIMSTEC were finalized. chaired by Shri Rajendra Singh, Member;
and Shri Krishna S. Vatsa, Member, NDMA.
5.18 1st Meeting of Working Group on Disaster
Risk Management (WGDRM) of IORA was 5.23 BIMSTEC Secretary General Mr. Tenzin
held under the chairmanship of India on Lekhpell (Bhutan) visited NDMA on
09.06.2022. Twelve countries participated. 24.8.2022 for a courtesy meeting with
13 activities based on the second IORA NDMA Members & Sr. Officers.
Action Plan has finalized and sent to IORA
Secretariat. Thereafter, activities based on 5.24 IORA Secretary General H.E. Mr. Salman
2nd Action Plan were finalized and shared Al Farisi visited NDMA to discuss Disaster
with IORA Secretariat. Risk Reduction priorities with Shri Kamal
Kishore, Member & Secretary In-Charge,
5.19 Lt. Col. Surya Prakash Pandey, Joint Advisor, NDMA on 30.9.2022.
NDMA attended meeting on Guidelines
for QUAD Partnership on Humanitarian 5.25 35 journalists/editors from LAC (Latin
Assistance and Disaster Relief (HADR) in America & Caribbean) countries visited
the Indo-Pacific region hosted by MEA on NDMA for interaction with Member
14.09.2022 virtually. Secretary, NDMA, Members, & Sr. Officers
on 24.3.2023.
5.20 NDMA organized two Workshops on
Earthquake and Flood under India’s 5.26 National Lightning Risk
Chairship of Shanghai Cooperation Prevention and Mitigation
Organization on 23.2.2023 and 24.2.2023 Programme (NLRPMP)
respectively. As outcome of the events, The action point in Vision 2047-Amrat Kaal
NDMA prepared Coffee Table Books of Vision document highlights about 50%
both the workshops. reduction in deaths due to lightning. To reduce
Visits of Foreign Delegations the death casualties, a meeting was held
under the chairmanship of Home Secretary on
5.21 A media delegation comprising 20 29.09.2021 and discussed various measures

52
possible for mitigation. Soon after the meeting, 5.29 Review Meeting with IITM
NDMA has initiated a proposal for developing
National Lightning Risk Mitigation Programme Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology (IITM)
(NLRMP). NDMA has developed the draft forwarded a proposal on the topic ‘Lightning
National Programme in consultation with Analysis, Monitoring and Prevention (LAMP)’. A
various stakeholders. NDMA organized a One- meeting was held with IITM on 19.05.2022
day Workshop on 11.01.2023 with various and discussed issues identified in the Proposal.
stakeholders i.e. concerned States / UTs, Central A decision was made that relevant issues
Ministries / Departments and Institutions to discussed in the proposal will be incorporated in
deliberate upon the Draft National Lightning the proposed National Lightning Risk Mitigation
Risk Mitigation Programme (NLRMP). The draft Programme (NLRMP). Accordingly, relevant
NLRMP is under the process of finalization and issues identified in the Proposal have already
the same will be shared with DM Division, MHA been incorporated in the Draft NLRMP.
for approval. 5.30 Formulation of policy on resettlement of
5.27 Thunderstorm & Lightning displaced people affected by Coastal and
River Erosion
• Advisory and Do’s and Don’ts on
Thunderstorm and Lightning: • XVth Finance Commission in its
Report recommended for ‘Mitigation
NDMA shared advisory and Do’s and Don’ts Measures to Prevent Coastal and
on Thunderstorm and Lightning to all States / River Erosion’ under National
UTs for wider dissemination vide letter dated Disaster Mitigation Fund (NDMF) and
06.04.2022 for the year 2022-23 ‘Resettlement of Displaced People
Affected by Coastal and River Erosion’
5.28 A technical mission for developing National under National Disaster Response
Recovery Resource Center: Fund (NDRF) for the award period from
• NDMA has undertaken an initiative to 2021-22 to 2022-26.
conceptualize the National Recovery • The Commission also recommended
Resource Centre (NRRC) to assist that suitable norms for mitigation
States to plan and implement recovery measures and a policy to deal with
programmes and set up recovery as a the extensive displacement of people
practice area at the national level. may be developed. In accordance with
• Accordingly, UNDP Mission had visited that, NDMA has formulated a Draft
India from 18 April to 29 April, 2022 Policy on Mitigation Measures and
and discussed with Officials at Central Rehabilitation for people displaced
and State Govt. level and International by Coastal and River Erosion with the
Organizations to formulate the draft consultation of various stakeholders
National Recovery Resource Center. i.e. concerned States / UTs and Central
Ministries / Departments, Agencies,
• Draft report on NRRC received NGOs / Experts identified for Coastal
from UNDP has been forwarded to and River Erosion.
concerned stakeholders for their
comments/suggestions.

53
 • NDMA held a One-day workshop to additional support may be provided to
finalize the Draft Policy on Mitigation the affected States i.e. Assam, Andhra
Measures and Rehabilitation for Pradesh, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh,
people displaced by Coastal and Karnataka, Maharashtra, Meghalaya,
River Erosion NDMA on 17.02.2023 Madhya Pradesh, Odisha and
at Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala. Telangana for long-term recovery and
Concerned States / UTs, Central reconstruction through State Disaster
Ministries / Departments and Response Fund (SDRF) / National
Institutions participated in the Disaster Response Fund (NDRF).
Consultation workshop. The revised
draft has been uploaded on NDMA • Accordingly, the sectors of Housing
website for valuable comments/ and settlement, Health and Education,
suggestions of general public Drinking Water and Sanitation and
Local level Infrastructure (Roads,
5.31 Cold Wave and Frost bridges, etc.) have been considered
under Recovery and Reconstruction
• Advisory and Do’s and Don’ts on Cold Programme as per recommendations
Wave and Frost prior to Cold wave of 15th Finance Commission.
season 2022-23. NDMA prepared
a suggestive Advisory and Do’s and • The States were intimated vide D.O.
Don’ts on Cold Wave and Frost and letter dated 06.09.2022 that PDNA
shared with concerned States/ UTs and exercise is required to be conducted to
Central Ministries on 07.12.2022 for assess the damage caused by floods.
further necessary action. Following that meetings were held
and discussion, held about PDNA
• Meeting with concerned Ministries and framework, finalization of sector-wise
States prone to Cold wave to review the templates, constitution of PDNA team
preparedness and mitigation measures with officials of NDMA and NIDM and
for Cold Wave season 2022-23 through way forward to conduct the exercise
Video Conference were finalized.
A meeting was held on 12.12.2022 • Orientation Meetings with Flood-
under the chairmanship of Member, affected States were held in two phases
Secretary I/C, NDMA through Video i.e. Andhra Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh,
Conference with concerned Ministries/ Karnataka, Maharashtra on 20.09.2022
Departments and States/UTs prone to and Assam, Gujarat, Meghalaya and
Cold Wave and the preparedness & Odisha on 22.09.2022 to sensitize the
mitigation measures undertaken for Officers of the State Government to
Cold Wave 2022-23 was reviewed. conduct the exercise. PDNA exercise
5.32 Post Disaster Needs Assessment (PDNA) in the above states excluding Madhya
exercise in States: Pradesh & Telangana were carried out
during the period of 28.09.2022 to
• Based on the severity of floods during 14.10.2022 by the teams constituted
monsoon season 2022, the Central as above in association with the State
government considered that some Governments concerned.

54
• Following the PDNA exercise, States / suggestions were conveyed to
have submitted their PDNA Reports concerned State(s). Subsequently,
to NDMA. The State Govt. of Odisha continuous discussion with each of the
submitted the Report but did not seek States were held to finalize the report.
any funds from NDMA / Government Once it is finalized, the report will be
of India. The Reports were scrutinized shared with the DM Division, MHA for
at NDMA and accordingly, comments approval.

55
 CHAPTER: VI
MOCK EXERCISES & AWARENESS GENERATION
“The more we sweat in peace, the less we bleed in war”
“Remember: When disaster strikes, the time to prepare has passed”
Introduction requires a coherent, on-ground response
to multiple disaster events that are likely if
6.1. The DM Act 2005 and the NPDM 2009 the primary hazard threat manifests.
marks the institutionalization of paradigm
shift in Disaster Management in India Integrated Mock Exercises
from a relief-centric approach to one
of proactive prevention, mitigation, 6.2 The objectives of integrated MEs are to
preparedness and capacity building. The (i) impart awareness about the IRS-IRT
hazard and vulnerability profile of India construct as well as technologies that
is now well known. India’s proneness can support and improve disaster risk
to multiple disasters caused by natural management; (ii) review the Disaster
and human induced factors aggravated Management Plans (DMP) of the State
by climate change impacts pose many and Districts, as well as of critical national
threats and challenges for communities infrastructure and that of each Department;
and agencies involved in management (iii) highlight the roles and responsibilities
of disasters. The Incident Response of various appointments/stakeholders
System (IRS) is intended as the preferred involved in managing disasters as per the
mechanism for responding to any hazard IRS; (iv) enhance coordination among
or disaster situation. Although 19 States emergency support functions (ESF) at
/ Union Territories (UTs) have reportedly the District (or equivalent) level; and (v)
notified the IRS and others are working identify gaps, if any, in the resources,
towards that, simply notifying the IRS and manpower, communications, response
forming Incident Response Teams (IRTs) is capabilities, etc. With rapid turnover of
unlikely to lead to an efficient, effective and officials, all the above actions help to
comprehensive response. This is where orient new incumbents.
integrated Mock Exercises (ME) come in. 6.3 Integrated MEs are part of a robust
These are conducted on-ground in every process that commences each year with
State and Union Territory of India, with the formulation of an annual calendar
manpower and equipment participating at meticulously through consultative
every level. Each ME is based on the State’s process involving all States / UTs , and are
and District’s primary hazard threat, and conducted in under mentioned sequence:-
Step Event Participants
Step-I • Training in the Incident Response System • District-level: Officials and other
(D minus 10 (IRS) and associated aspects by the NDMA stakeholders – through video-
days) Coordinator: conferencing

57
 o Part-I: Reiteration of the importance • State-level: Officials and other
of disaster management; its linkage stakeholders – through video-
to disaster risk reduction and conference
sustainable development; India’s
three-tier institutional disaster
response mechanism, its linkage to
informal categorization of disasters
(L1, L2 and L3); and how these
mechanisms, categorizations and
cooperative working relationships
allow various levels of response
forces/responders (District, State and
Central) to function in complimentary
unison.
o Part-II: Training on the IRS, including
how to:
 Form IRTs.
 Make an Incident Action Plan for
response.
 Structure strike teams / task forces/
groups for response, relief and
restoration tasks.
o Part-III: How to leverage technology
in support of disaster management.
This includes how to:
 Carry out resource mapping.
 Build situational / domain awareness.
 Leverage geospatial resources.
 Fuse hazard-specific data, damage
assessment data and core data.
• Orientation & Coordination
Conference: Here, the detailed
modalities and preparations
required for the impending mock
exercise are discussed and finalized.

58
Step-II Table-Top Exercise (TTEx) – conducted by
(D minus the NDMA Coordinator
02 days)
Physical conduct/ participation at
Step-III Mock Exercise (ME) – conducted by the all levels as per charter of duties /
(D day) NDMA Coordinator under the overall responsibilities
guidance of the Chief Secretary / Additional
Chief Secretary / Secretary (Disaster
Management) of the concerned State/UT.
Step-IV • After Action Report (AAR) by NDMA
(D plus 15 coordinator.
days)
•Final report by the State/UT to NDMA.
NDMA,
•Feedback on ‘gaps identified’, ‘lessons State/UT,
learnt’ and ‘best practices’ to the State/ jointly
UT and, where required, to other
organizations too.

6.4 Aspects of disaster management that This includes how to utilize the police
are emphasized during Step-I training, radio network during a disaster
and practised in Steps-II and III are listed situation.
below:
(f) The three critical elements that
(a) How to structure the Incident Response will ensure an expeditious, credible
Teams (IRTs) at every level, and the role response in the wake of a disaster:
of IRT appointments.
i. A disaster-resilient Emergency
(b) The incremental steps in which the Operations Centre (EOC); its
information about the disaster is components, equipping and
gathered and a coherent response functioning including SOPs / protocols.
is mounted, including making of the
Incident Action Plan. ii. Importance of ‘situation awareness’ in
the immediate aftermath of a disaster
(c) Composition and functioning of various and means of attaining it.
IRS facilities.
iii. Importance of ‘resource mapping’
(d) Recommended configuration of strike (including Aapda Mitra volunteers,
teams / task forces / groups for various Ex-Servicemen and Ex-CAPFs etc.)
response and restoration tasks. during normal/pre-disaster periods
and means of achieving resource
(e) How to build a reliable, fail-safe and awareness including responder status
redundant communications structure during a disaster situation / emergency.
for disaster management operations.

59
 (g) The National Early Warning System 6.5 Integrated MEs thus provide an optimal,
(NEWS) for natural hazard monitoring; cost-effective means for generating
agencies comprising it and the awareness about the IRS-IRT construct,
web portals they are running; the and for building capacity of States / Union
information put out by each; and Territories (UTs) to respond effectively
how to leverage this information for to any disaster situation. To this end,
effective disaster management. the Operations Division of NDMA has
been conducting integrated MEs at State
(h) How to leverage portals and apps like / Multi-State level and in special cases,
National Disaster Alert Portal & Mobile at the District-level and events of mass
App of “CAP based Integrated Alert congregations too. Stand-alone training
System” SACHET, BHUVAN, National on the IRS is also conducted at the explicit
Database on Emergency Management request of the State/UT / organizations.
(NDEM 4.0), India Disaster Resource
Network (IDRN), BHUKAMP and Mock Exercises conducted during
DAMINI etc. The National Disaster the Year 2022-2023
Alert Portal (SACHET) is available at
https://sachet.ndma.gov.in/ and the 6.6 During the training year 01 Apr 2022- 31
android and iOS version of Mobile App Mar 2023, NDMA has conducted 22 MEs
(Sachet) is available on Google Play & covering 26 States / UTs. Glimpses and
Apple Store respectively. salient details of the MEs are given below:-

(i) Importance and utilization of GIS

platforms.

State, Disaster Scenario and

Date Remarks
Event
12, 19-21 State: Manipur The North-Eastern Region is one of the most seismically
Apr 2022 active regions of the world. Two major earthquakes
Scenario: Earthquake (M>8.0) and about 20 large earthquakes (M 7+)
since 1897 have occurred in this region. The State of
Event: State-level Mock Manipur, majority of which is in Seismic Zone V, has a
Exercise for State HQ & all 16 long history of earthquakes in and around. In Manipur,
Districts. the unprecedented growth of multi-storey buildings
and unregulated urbanization, especially in the Imphal
town, has made the risks associated with earthquakes
humongous. An earthquake of Magnitude 6.7 struck
the state on January 4, 2016. Therefore, Mock Exercise
on Earthquake Disaster scenario was conducted for the
State.

Event was chaired by Lt General Syed Ata Hasnain (Retd),

Member, NDMA which was conducted by Consultant
(ME & IRS), NDMA. Important functionaries

60
 of the State/ District Incident Response Teams (IRTs),
officials of the SDMA, DDMAs, Line Deptts, SDRF and
representatives of National Center for Seismology
(NCS), Armed Forces, CAPFs and NDRF, along with
all other stakeholders participated.

State, Disaster Scenario and

Date Remarks
Event
02 Jun State: Madhya Pradesh Floods are one of the primary hazards the State of
2022 Madhya Pradesh faces periodically. Therefore, an
Scenario: Floods online IRS Training & TTEx was conducted just prior to
the flood season.
Event: State-level Online IRS
Training & Table-Top Exercise Event was jointly chaired by Sh Rajendra Singh,
for State HQ and all 52 Member, NDMA and Addl Chief Secretary (Home) and
District. conducted by Consultant (ME & IRS), NDMA. Secretary
(DM) & Relief Commissioner, Govt of MP, important
functionaries of the State/ District Incident Response
Teams (IRTs), officials of the SDMA and DDMAs, Line
Deptts and representatives of EW Agencies / Central
Water Commission (CWC), Armed Forces, CAPFs and
NDRF, along with all other stakeholders, participated.

61
 State, Disaster Scenario and
Date Remarks
Event
14, 22-23 State: Jammu & Kashmir The training on disaster management has been an
Jun 2022 annual event prior to the Shri Amarnath Ji Yatra. In June
Scenario: Shri Amarnath Ji 2022 too, at the specific request of the Shri Amarnath
Yatra Ji Shrine Board, the NDMA carried out training on
disaster management for all stakeholders involved
Event: Multi-hazard DM in managing this Yatra. This training was conducted
training prior to the Shri separately on both routes of the Yatra, i.e, Baltal
Amarnath ji Yatra-2022: axis (District Ganderbal) and Pahalgam axis (District
Anantnag). The ME, presided over by the DCs of each
• Training on the IRS District and officers of the Shrine Board, with the active
• Coordination Conference participation from the UT and District Administrations,
• Table-top Exercise other stakeholders alongwith first responders viz. SDRF,
• Mock Exercise NDRF, Armed Forces, CAPFs and community volunteers.

62
 State, Disaster Scenario and
Date Remarks
Event
29 Jun, State: Uttar Pradesh Floods are one of the primary hazards the State of
05-07 Jul Uttar Pradesh faces periodically. Therefore, ME was
2022 Scenario: Floods conducted just prior to the flood season.

Event: State-level Mock Event was jointly chaired by Lt General Syed Ata
Exercise for State HQ and 40 Hasnain (Retd), Member, NDMA and Vice-Chairman,
Flood prone Districts. UPSDMA and conducted by Consultant (ME & IRS),
NDMA. Secretary (DM) & Relief Commissioner, Govt
of UP, important functionaries of the State / District
Incident Response Teams (IRTs), officials of the
SDMA and DDMAs, Line Deptts and representatives
of EW Agencies / Central Water Commission (CWC),
Armed Forces, CAPFs and NDRF, along with all other
stakeholders, participated.

State, Disaster Scenario and

Date Remarks
Event
27 Jul State: Jharkhand Floods are one of the primary hazards the State of
2022 Jharkhand faces periodically. Therefore, an online IRS
Scenario: Floods Training & TTEx was conducted just prior to the flood
season.
Event: State-level Online IRS
Training & Table-Top Exercise Event was chaired by Lt General Syed Ata Hasnain
for State HQ and 22 District (Retd), Member, NDMA and Secretary (DM), Govt
of Jharkhand and conducted by Consultant (ME &
IRS), NDMA. Important functionaries of the State/
District Incident Response Teams (IRTs), officials of the
SDMA and DDMAs, Line Deptts and representatives
of EW Agencies / Central Water Commission (CWC),
Armed Forces, CAPFs and NDRF, along with all other
stakeholders, participated.

63
 State, Disaster Scenario and
Date Remarks
Event
19, 27-29 State: Karnataka Karnataka is one of the most industrialized states of
Jul 2022 the country and a hub of pharma, chemical and petro-
Scenario: Chemical chemical industries. With industry in close proximity
(Industrial) to inhabited areas, the risk from Industrial-Chemical
disasters stands augmented. Therefore, a Mock Exercise
Event: State-level Mock was conducted for the State on Chemical (Industrial)
Exercise for State HQ & all 31 Disaster Scenario.
districts
Event was chaired by Lt General Syed Ata Hasnain
(Retd), Member, NDMA & Commissioner (DM) KSDMA
/ Secretary (Relief) and was conducted by Consultant
(ME & IRS), NDMA. Important functionaries of the
State/ District Incident Response Teams (IRTs), officials
of the SDMA and DDMAs, DG FASLI, CPCB, SPCB,
Department of Factories/ Industries, Major Accident
Hazard (MAH) units and representatives of the
Armed Forces, CAPFs and NDRF, along with all other
stakeholders, participated.

64
 State, Disaster Scenario and
Date Remarks
Event
23, 30 State: Tamil Nadu Floods are one of the primary hazards the State of Tamil
Aug, 01 Nadu faces periodically. Therefore, a Mock Exercise was
Sep 2022 Scenario: Floods conducted on Flood Scenario.

Event: State-level Mock Event was chaired by Shri Rajendra Singh, Member,
Exercise for State HQ & all 38 NDMA and Additional Chief Secretary and Commissioner
District (Revenue & DM), Govt of Tamil Nadu which was
conducted by Consultant (ME & IRS), NDMA. Important
functionaries of the State / District Incident Response
Teams (IRTs), officials of the SDMA and DDMAs, Line
Deptts and representatives of EW Agencies / CWC,
Armed Forces, CAPFs and NDRF, along with all other
stakeholders, participated.T

State, Disaster Scenario and

Date Remarks
Event
26 Aug, State: UT of Ladakh The UT of Ladakh is in Seismic Zone-IV and is highly
06-08 Sep vulnerable to earthquakes. In order to guide and assist
2022 Scenario: Earthquake the newly formed Union Territory of Ladakh in disaster
preparedness, a Mock Exercise was conducted on
Event: UT-level Mock Earthquake Scenario.
Exercise for UT HQ and its 02 Event was chaired by Lt General Syed Ata Hasnain
districts (Retd), Member, NDMA and Divisional Commander,
UT of Ladakh and conducted by Consultant (ME & IRS),
NDMA. Divisional Commissioner & Secretary (Revenue
& DM), UT of Ladakh, important functionaries of the
UT/ District Incident Response Teams (IRTs), officials of
the SDMA and DDMAs, Line Deptts and representatives
of NCS, Armed Forces, CAPFs and NDRF, along with all
other stakeholders participated.

65
 State, Disaster Scenario and
Date Remarks
Event
29 Sep State: Punjab Floods are one of the primary hazards the State of
2022 Punjab faces periodically. Therefore, an online IRS
Scenario: Floods Training & TTEx was conducted for the state.

Event: State-level Online IRS Event was chaired by Lt General Syed Ata Hasnain
Training & Table-Top Exercise (Retd), Member, NDMA and Additional Chief Secretary
for State HQ and all 23 & Financial Commissioner (Revenue), Govt of Punjab
Districts which was conducted by Consultant (ME & IRS), NDMA.
Important functionaries of the State/ District Incident
Response Teams (IRTs), officials of the SDMA and
DDMAs, Line Deptts and representatives of EW Agencies
/ Central Water Commission (CWC), Armed Forces,
CAPFs and NDRF, along with all other stakeholders,
participated.

66
 State, Disaster Scenario and
Date Remarks
Event
12, 18-20 State: Tripura The State of Tripura is in Seismic Zone-V. Besides,
Oct 2022 the North-East (NE) region of India has a history of
Scenario: Earthquake earthquakes.

Event: State-level Mock There are three NDRF battalions located in / around NE
Exercise for State HQ & all 08 region. In the event of a major earthquake in the region,
districts. the resources of these Battalions will have to be divided
across the affected States. Hence, with competing
demands on the NDRF, and given Tripura’s connectivity,
it is imperative that the State of Tripura be fully prepared
to mount a prompt in-house response in the golden
hours using the IRS-IRT construct. Therefore, a Mock
Exercise was conducted on Earthquake Scenario. This
had simulated the magnitude 8.7 Shillong earthquake
of 1897.
Event was chaired by Lt General Syed Ata Hasnain (Retd),
Member, NDMA and Principal Secretary (Revenue),
Govt of Tripura which was conducted by Consultant
(ME & IRS), NDMA. Secretary (Revenue/DM), Govt of
Tripura, important functionaries of the State/ District
Incident Response Teams (IRTs), officials of the SDMA
and DDMAs, Line Deptts and NCS, Armed Forces,
CAPFs and NDRF, along with all other stakeholders
participated.

67
 State, Disaster Scenario and
Date Remarks
Event
26 Oct, State: Chhattisgarh Floods are one of the primary hazards the State of
02-04 Nov Chhattisgarh faces periodically. Therefore, a Mock
2022 Scenario: Floods Exercise was conducted on Flood Scenario.
Event was chaired by Shri. Rajendra Singh, Member,
Event: State-level Mock NDMA and Secretary (Revenue & DM), Govt of
Exercise for State HQ & all 33 Chhattisgarh which was conducted by Consultant (ME
Districts & IRS), NDMA. Important functionaries of the State /
District Incident Response Teams (IRTs), officials of the
SDMA and DDMAs, Line Deptts and representatives of
EW Agencies / CWC, Armed Forces, CAPFs and NDRF,
along with all other stakeholders, participated.

State, Disaster Scenario and

Date Remarks
Event
30 Nov State: Maharashtra The State of Maharashtra is prone to floods and Urban
2022 floods and has experienced loss of life and property
Scenario: Floods due to monsoon induced flooding during last few years.
Therefore, an online IRS Training & TTEx was conducted
Event: UT-level Online IRS on Flood Scenario.
Training & Table-Top Exercise
for State HQ & all 36 Districts Event was chaired by Lt General Syed Ata Hasnain
(Retd), Member, NDMA and conducted by Consultant
(ME & IRS), NDMA. Member Secretary, Maharashtra
SDMA, important functionaries of the State/ District
Incident Response Teams (IRTs), officials of the SDMA
and DDMAs, Line Deptts and representatives of EW
Agencies / CWC, Armed Forces, CAPFs and NDRF, along
with all other stakeholders, participated.

68
 State, Disaster Scenario and
Date Remarks
Event
19, 27-29 State: Kerala The State of Kerala is prone to floods and landslides
Dec 2022 and has experienced loss of life and property due to
Scenario: Floods monsoon induced and cyclonic flooding during last few
years. Therefore, a Mock Exercise was conducted on
Event: State-level Mock Flood Scenario.
Exercise for State HQ & all 14
districts Event was chaired by Lt General Syed Ata Hasnain (Retd),
Member, NDMA and Addl Chief Secretary (Revenue &
DM) Govt of Kerala, which was conducted by Consultant
(ME & IRS), NDMA. Important functionaries of the State/
District Incident Response Teams (IRTs), officials of the
SDMA and DDMAs, Line Deptts and representatives of
EW Agencies / CWC, Armed Forces, CAPFs and NDRF,
along with all other stakeholders, participated.

69
 State, Disaster Scenario and
Date Remarks
Event
24 Jan State: Sikkim The State of Sikkim, majority of which is in Seismic
2023 Zone IV, has a long history of earthquakes in/around it
Scenario: Earthquake (18 Sept 2011 - it witnessed a major earthquake (6.8),
which had caused widespread damage). Therefore, an
Event: State-level Online online IRS Training & TTEx was conducted on Earthquake
IRS Training & Table-Top Scenario for the State.
Exercise for State HQ & all 06
districts. Event was chaired by Lt General Syed Ata Hasnain
(Retd), Member, NDMA and Secretary cum Relief
Commissioner, Govt of Sikkim which was conducted by
Consultant (ME & IRS), NDMA. Important functionaries
of the State/ District Incident Response Teams (IRTs),
officials of the SDMA and DDMAs, Line Deptts and
National Center for Seismology (NCS), Armed Forces,
CAPFs and NDRF, along with all other stakeholders
participated.

State, Disaster Scenario and

Date Remarks
Event
23, 31 State: Mizoram The State of Mizoram is in Seismic Zone-V. Besides,
Jan-02 the North-East (NE) region of India has a history of
Feb 2023 Scenario: Earthquake earthquakes.
There are three NDRF battalions located in / around
Event: State-level Mock NE region. In the event of a major earthquake in the
Exercise for State HQ & 09 region, the resources of these Battalions will have to
District be divided across the affected States. Hence, with
competing demands on the NDRF, and given Mizoram’s
connectivity, it is imperative that the State of Mizoram

70
 be fully prepared to mount a prompt in-house response
in the golden hours using the IRS-IRT construct.
Therefore, a Mock Exercise was conducted on
Earthquake Scenario. This had simulated the magnitude
8.7 Shillong earthquake of 1897.
Event was chaired by Lt General Syed Ata Hasnain (Retd),
Member, NDMA and Secretary (DM & Rehabilitation),
Govt of Mizoram which was conducted by Consultant
(ME & IRS), NDMA. Secretary (Revenue/DM), Govt of
Mizoram, important functionaries of the State/ District
Incident Response Teams (IRTs), officials of the SDMA
and DDMAs, Line Deptts and NCS, Armed Forces,
CAPFs and NDRF, along with all other stakeholders
participated.

State, Disaster Scenario and

Date Remarks
Event
31 Jan, State: UT of Andaman & The Union Territory of Andaman & Nicobar Islands has
07-09 Feb Nicobar Islands three Districts viz. South Andaman, North & Middle
2023 Andaman and Nicobar. The UT is vulnerable to many
Scenario: Tsunami types of hazards/ disasters such as Tsunami, Earthquake,
Cyclone, Flood, Drought, Land Slide, Volcanic activity in
Event: State-level Mock Barren Island. A Mock Exercise, depicting a scenario of
Exercise for State HQ & all 03 a tsunami was conducted for the UT and all its districts.
Districts
Event was chaired by Lt General Syed Ata Hasnain
(Retd), Member, NDMA and conducted by Consultant
(ME & IRS), NDMA. Commissioner-cum-Secretary (DM),
UT of A&N Islands, important functionaries of the UT/
District Incident Response Teams (IRTs), officials of
the SDMA and DDMAs, Line Deptts and EW Agencies
/ INCOIS, NCS, Armed Forces, CAPFs and NDRF, along
with all other stakeholders participated.

71
 State, Disaster Scenario and
Date Remarks
Event
27 Jan, State: UT of Puducherry The UT of Puducherry lies in the southern part of the
08-10 Feb Indian Peninsula and comprises of two distinct districts
2023 Scenario: Cyclone of Puducherry and Karaikal. Puducherry districts
comprises of Puducherry region and two outlying
Event: UT-level Mock Administrative units of Mahe and Yanam. Puducherry,
Exercise for UT HQ & its 02 Karaikal, and Yanam on the Bay of Bengal and Mahe
Districts on the Arabian sea. The major portion of the UT is
prone to many natural hazards like cyclones, floods and
earthquakes and is mainly influenced by North East
monsoon. Being a coastal UT vulnerable to Tropical
Cyclones, a Mock Exercise was conducted on Cyclone
Scenario.
Event was chaired by Lt General Syed Ata Hasnain
(Retd), Member, NDMA and conducted by Consultant
(ME & IRS). Secretary (Revenue/DM), UT of Puducherry
along with important functionaries of the UT / District
Incident Response Teams (IRTs), officials of the SDMA
and DDMAs, Line Deptts and EW Agencies / IMD,
Armed Forces, CAPFs and NDRF, along with all other
stakeholders participated.

State, Disaster Scenario and

Date Remarks
Event
14, 21-23 State: Andhra Pradesh Andhra Pradesh is one of the most industrialized
Feb 2023 states of the country and a hub of pharma, chemical
Scenario: Chemical and petro-chemical industries. With industry in close
(Industrial) proximity to inhabited areas, the risk from Industrial-
Chemical disasters stands augmented. Therefore, a
Event: State-level Mock Mock Exercise was conducted for the State on Chemical
Exercise for State HQ & 09 (Industrial) Disaster Scenario.
districts

72
 Event was chaired by Lt General Syed Ata Hasnain (Retd),
Member, NDMA and was conducted by Consultant (ME
& IRS), NDMA. Managing Director, APSDMA, Govt. of
Andhra Pradesh, important functionaries of the State/
District Incident Response Teams (IRTs), officials of the
SDMA and DDMAs, DG FASLI, CPCB, SPCB, Department
of Factories/ Industries, Major Accident Hazard
(MAH) units and representatives of the Armed Forces,
CAPFs and NDRF, along with all other stakeholders,
participated.

State, Disaster Scenario and

Date Remarks
Event
16 Feb, State: Goa Goa though blessed by not being affected by any
01-03 major disaster till date, is still vulnerable to hazards/
Mar 2023 Scenario: Cyclone disasters like Flood, Cyclonic Storms, Landslide,
Mining hazards and Sea Erosion, Fire, Industrial
Event: State-level Mock accidents etc. Goa is a small state having only 02
Exercise for State HQ & its Districts namely North Goa and South Goa. Being
02 Districts a coastal state vulnerable to Tropical Cyclones, a
Mock exercise was conducted on Cyclone Scenario.
Event was chaired by Lt General Syed Ata Hasnain (Retd),
Member, NDMA and conducted by Consultant (ME &
IRS). Secretary (DM/Revenue), Govt of Goa, important
functionaries of the State/ District Incident Response
Teams (IRTs), officials of the SDMA and DDMAs, Line
Deptts and EW Agencies / IMD, Armed Forces, CAPFs and
NDRF, along with all other stakeholders participated.

73
 State, Disaster Scenario and
Date Remarks
Event
15, 21-23 State: West Bengal The state of West Bengal is vulnerable to many hazards/
Mar, 2023 disasters like Flood, Cyclonic Storms, Landslide, Mining
Scenario: Cyclone hazards and Sea Erosion, Fire, Industrial accidents etc.
08 Coastal Districts of the State are very much prone
Event: State-level Mock to Cyclone disaster during South-West Monsoon,
Exercise for State HQ & 08 therefore, a Mock exercise was conducted on Cyclone
Districts Scenario for 08 Cyclone Prone Districts.
Event was chaired by Lt General Syed Ata Hasnain
(Retd), Member, NDMA and conducted by Consultant
(ME & IRS). Secretary (DM/Revenue), Govt of West
Bengal, important functionaries of the State/ District
Incident Response Teams (IRTs), officials of the SDMA
and DDMAs, Line Deptts and EW Agencies / IMD,
Armed Forces, CAPFs and NDRF, along with all other
stakeholders participated.

Sharing of Feedback of Integrated Mock Exercise Process:

6.7 After successful conduct of each Mock Exercise, the feedback is shared with concerned State /
UT highlighting best practices and gaps identified to improve their preparedness and build their
capacities in order to achieve the goal of making India a disaster resilient country.

74
Finalization of Annual Mock Exercise effective response in order to save precious
Calendar for the year 2023-24: lives. NDMA has been coordinating and
conducting such joint MEs and Table
6.8 In order to prepare Annual Mock Exercise Top Exercises (TTEx) with involvement of
calendar, consultative conference was held concerned stakeholders like MEA, MHA,
with all the States and UTs on 17 Mar 2023 MoH&FW, HQ IDS (Army, Navy, IAF & ICG),
and accordingly, schedule was finalized. NDRF and selected states. The details of
Off-Site Emergency Exercise (OSEE) such Joint MEs conducted during 01 Apr
for Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs) 2022 – 31 Mar 2023 are as under:

6.9 NDMA participated in the Radiological • BRICS Expert Level Workshop on

Off-Site Emergency Exercises (OSEE) Disaster Management held on 26 Jul
in “Integrated Command Control and 2022 and BRICS Urban Search and
Response” mode scheduled at NPP KAPS Rescue Simulation Exercise (BRICS
Kakrapar (Distt: Surat, Gujarat) on 11 Oct SIMEX 2022) held on 27 to 29 Jul 2022
2022, and at NPP RAPS Rawatbhata (Distt: at 8th Bn Hq, Ghaziabad
Chittorgarh, Rajasthan) on 14 Dec 2022. • Annual Joint HADR Tri-Services
Detailed feedback has been shared with Exercise-2022 (Exercise - SAMANVAY)
State Authorities and Deptt. of Atomic held on 01-03 Nov 2022 at Air Force
Energy (DAE). Station, Agra conducted by IAF (HQ
Joint Mock exercises with Foreign IDS) with the participation of ASEAN
countries Member States.

6.10 Disaster knows no geographical • QUAD HADR Table Top Exercise (TTEx)
boundaries, therefore, it is the need of the held on 12-14 Dec 2022 conducted by
hour to work on building resilience with MEA with the participation of all QUAD
neighboring countries as well as regional Member States.
cooperation groups. Joint MEs with • QUAD Pandemic Preparedness
Foreign Countries play an important role Exercise (QPPE) and final TTEx held on
in mutual learning and to adopt common 15 Dec 2022 conducted by MEA and
Standards and Protocols so as to respond MoH&FW with participation of QUAD
to each other’s need within minimal time Member States.
during Golden hours for efficient and

75
HADR / USAR support to Earthquake Subsequently, NDMA organised
hit Turkiye and Syria (Operation a debriefing Conference under the
DOST) Chairmanship Lt Gen Syed Ata Hasnain,
PVSM, UYSM, AVSM, SM, VSM** (Retd),
6.11 NDMA coordinated the mobilization of Member, NDMA on 28th Feb 2023.
Indian Contingent for extending HADR / Presentations were delivered by National
USAR support to EQ hit Turkiye and Syria Centre for Seismology (NCS), Ministry of
(Operation DOST) on the directions of External Affairs (MEA), Indian Air Force
the Govt of India as mandated u/s 6(2) (IAF), Contingent Commanders of NDRF
(h) of DM Act 2005. 03 teams of NDRF as well as 60 Para Field Hospital, Army
and mobile hospital (60 para field) of sharing their first hand experiences.
Indian Army carried out CSSR operations, Thereafter, deliberations were made by all
provided relief materials and medical aid participants i.e MEA, NDRF, Army, IAF, HQ
to the EQ victims wef 07/08 Feb 2023 to IDS (MoD), NCS, NIDM, Central Building
19 Feb 2023. Relief material support was Research Institute (CBRI) and Indian
extended to Syria as well. Embassy in Turkiye and Syria (through
online mode) regarding gaps identified,
best practices and lessons learnt.

76
District-level Mock Exercise (c) To bring in greater cohesion and
Programme by NDRF coordination amongst, and between,
different stakeholders.
6.12 Review by Hon’ble Home Minister
6.13 It was also directed that on the day
On 30 June 2020, the Hon’ble Union of a district’s mock exercise, the Fire
Home Minister, carried out a review of the & Emergency Services (F&ES) of the
country’s disaster management activities concerned district and of the State/UT
and thereafter directed that mock exercises shall also visit schools in their jurisdiction
should be conducted in each district of the and conduct mock drills in 10 to 20 pre-
country at least once every three years for identified schools in the district.
the following purposes:
6.14 In accordance with the directions, the
(a) To ensure that every district can NDRF has been tasked with conducting
constitute field trained teams for mock exercises at the district level. The
disaster response. Distt level MEs conducted by NDRF since
(b) To test the efficacy of every district’s 2020-21 onwards are as under:
disaster management plans and its
preparedness component.

Financial Year Districts covered

2020-21 98

2021-22 239
2022-23 331

2023-24 Planned for 244 Districts

Members of NDMA conducted review meeting with NDRF on District Level Mock Exercise on 16 Sep
2021 and 07 Sep 2022 wherein it was brought out by NDRF that there is a considerable backlog in
conduct of MEs, due to reasons beyond the control of NDRF like deployment in Monsoon Season,
Cyclone, and other disasters besides Covid-19 pandemic. Therefore, the requisite target of conducting
MEs in all the districts of the country within a span of three year does not seem to be feasible.
However, all out efforts are being taken to achieve the desired target.
Greater Involvement and Leadership of Women in Disaster Risk Management
6.15 Concerted efforts have been made by NDMA in consultation with MHA to provide authorized
GD Mahila personnel from CAPFs to respective NDRF Bns on deputation. Resulting, total 239
GD Mahila personnel have joined NDRF.

77
Sensitization exercise and Delhi Fire Service, Parliament Security
Demonstration for Parliament House Service etc. to discuss and finalize the
modalities and preparedness measures for
6.16 NDMA formulated a concept note dated sensitization exercise and Demonstration
20.03.2023 for conduct of Demonstration as precursor to the said event. Accordingly,
and Mock Exercise for Parliament House as NDMA conducted the sensitization
well as North & South Block on emergency exercise and Demonstration for Hon’ble
preparedness and response during an Parliamentarians and staff on 03 & 05
Earthquake emergency. In the series, Apr 2023. The event was attended by Shri
NDMA conducted coordination meeting Om Birla, Hon’ble Speaker of Lok Sabha
on 29 Mar 2023 under the Chairmanship alongwith other Hon’ble Parliamentarians
of Member (SAH) with the participation and staff.
of MHA, NDRF, Delhi Police, IB, NSG,

6.17 Control Room Activities prone States/UTs. In the meeting

presentations were made by various
(a) NDMA conducted a meeting to Review agencies including IMD, CWC, NRSC
Pre-Monsoon situation for South- and NDRF. Inputs were also provided
West Monsoon on 13 May, 2022. by HQ IDS and DM Division, MHA.
The meeting was attended by Early In the meeting, deliberations were
Warning Agencies, Response Agencies made reg SDRF, CD Volunteers, Home
and Resident Commissioners of flood Guard, Aapda Mitra, Nomination

78
 of nodal officers by States/UTs for coordination for deployment of
better coordination, Pre-Monsoon response forces i.e NDRF, ICG and
deployment of NDRF, Advance Indian Armed Forces was carried out
coordination with Armed Forces, in consultation with State Govt / UT
Updation of IDRN database etc. Administration.
(b) NDMA participated in Annual (d) NDMA conducted a debriefing session
Conference of Relief Commissioners/ with NDRF on 13 Dec 2022 regarding
Secretaries, Departments of Disaster SAR operation carried out during Cable
Management of States/UTs to review Bridge Collapse incident in Morbi
the status of preparedness for South- (Gujarat) and also to chalk out the
West Monsoon 2022 on 18 & 19 May actions regarding preparedness and
2022 at Vigyan Bhawan, New Delhi capacity building for disaster response
under the Chairmanship of Union in order to ensure the safe and secure
Home Secretary. NDMA formulated conduct of G-20 events throughout the
agenda items, delivered presentation country.
regarding ongoing projects / schemes
and moderated various sessions (e) In the aftermath of Deoghar
during the conference. Presentations Ropeway incident, NDMA organized a
were made by various Central agencies consultative conference on 25 Jan 2023
including IMD, CWC, GSI, NRSC (ISRO), under the Chairmanship of Member
HQ IDS (MoD), NIC, MHA, NDRF and & Secretary I/C, NDMA with the
some States followed by deliberations participation of MHA, MoRTH, NDRF,
regarding South-West Monsoon NIDM and BIS to review preparedness
Preparedness and sharing of best measures to effectively deal with crisis
practices and lessons learnt. situations in the Ropeway Projects in
the country.
(c) NDMA closely monitored the
preventive measures taken by the Additional Activities
affected States / UTs and other 6.18 In FY 2022-2023, the NDMA also rendered
stakeholders in the wake of impending specialized guidance, ran awareness
Cyclone ‘Mandous’ in the Southeast campaigns, and conducted workshops on
Bay of Bengal in the month of Dec 2022. a number of issues for diverse agencies
NDMA issued advisory to affected and organizations. Some of these are
States / UTs alongwith SMS content mentioned below:-
for Do’s and Don’ts and necessary

Date Topic / Event

NDMA conducted Incident Response System (IRS) Training for the state of Gujarat.
10-12 May 2022
NDMA delivered presentation on 11.05.2022 on the topic “Disaster Resilient
Infrastructure” in the 4th Cycle of ADMM (ASEAN Defence Ministers Meeting)
11 May 2022
Plus Expert Working Group on HADR (2021-2023) and also participated as
Moderator on 12.05.2022

79
 NDMA conducted a preparatory meeting regarding Kaanwad Yatra-2022 under
the Chairmanship of Member & Secretary I/C, NDMA with Ministry of Railways,
07 July 2022 DM Division MHA, NDRF and following officers of Govt of Uttarakhand – Principal
Secretary/Relief Commissioner, Secretary (Health), Secretary (Transport),
Secretary (Tourism) DGP, DM-Haridwar, Yatra Nodal Officer, SSP – Haridwar.
NDMA participated in the meeting to review the action plan and preparedness
16 Aug 2022 to deal with any accident in Nuclear Power Plants conducted by MHA on 16 Aug
2022.
NDMA participated in 10th National Maritime Search and Rescue Workshop and
27-28 Aug 2022 Exercise – 2022 (SAREX – 22) conducted by Indian Coast Guard on 27-28 Aug
2022 at Chennai.
NDMA conducted Incident Response System (IRS) Training for the State of Uttar
30-31 Aug 2022
Pradesh.
31 Oct 2022 to NDMA attended the National Tsunami Ready Board meeting and Tsunami
03 Nov 2022 Standard Operating Procedure Workshop at INCOIS Hyderabad.
NDMA and MHA organized a Meeting of Empowered Committee (EC) to fast-
10 Jan 2023 track the procurement of HAZMAT vehicle by NDRF for ensuring safe, secure and
disaster resilient G-20 events and summit.
Interaction and Brainstorming by NDMA with NDRF:

• Lt Gen Syed Ata Hasnain, PVSM, UYSM, AVSM, SM, VSM** (Retd), Member,
10 Jun 2022 NDMA attended the meeting under the Chairmanship of Union Home Secretary
in MHA on 10.06.2022 to discuss the revised proposal of NDRF regarding
establishment of additional 34 Regional Response Centres (RRCs) in NDRF and
change of location of already approved 03 RRCs in the wake of directions of
Hon’ble Union Home Minister to establish NDRF at the zero point of all 08 Nuclear
Power Plants (NPPs). Accordingly, revised proposal for 34 RRCs (28 RRCs – earlier
proposal of NDRF + 06 RRCs newly proposed for NPPs) was recommended.

• NDMA conducted a review meeting with NDRF on various issues on 07 Sep

7 Sep 2022 2022 under the chairmanship of Member & Secretary I/C, NDMA, during which,
inter-alia operational challenges, quarterly feedback of Distt level MEs and
courses run by upcoming NDRF Academy were discussed.

• NDMA assisted in the Training Need Analysis (TNA) of NDRF being reviewed
03 Feb 2023 in consultation with IIM Rohtak and participated in the meeting held under the
Chairmanship of Union Home Secretary to discuss vision, expectations and ideas
about TNA of NDRF.

80
6.19 Common Alerting Protocol iv. Defence Geo-Informatics Research
(CAP) based Integrated Alert System Establishment (DGRE).
(Sachet) Phase-I
v. Forest Survey of India (FSI)
Background
(b) Alert Approving Agencies. Disaster
1. CAP defines a standard message format Management authorities at the
which contains all the relevant details like National level (MHA) and State Level
type of hazard, it’s intensity, duration, (SDMA), as applicable to the alert
area of impact, actions to be taken etc. In will be the approving authorities for
addition to implementing standardization dissemination of alerts.
and inter work ability across the world,
CAP messages also enable efficient (c) Alert Disseminating Agencies. Geo
routing, prioritization, geo targeting etc. targeted Alerts in vernacular will be
CAP compliant systems and devices like disseminated by following means: -
the GSM network, Radio, Television, PA i. SMS and cell broadcast (CB) over
systems, coastal sirens etc. can plug and mobile phones.
play with a CAP based alerting system.
Non-compliant and vintage systems and ii. Broadcast media like Television, Cable
devices can also be interfaced by suitable TV, Satellite TV (DTH) and Radio
interoperability converting devices. Stations

Project Brief iii. Over Internet on social media, browser

alerts and RSS Feed.
6.20 NDMA conceived a National Project to
integrate the Alert Generating Agencies, iv. Public address systems on railway
Alert Disseminating Agencies and the stations.
Disaster Management Authorities on
v. Coastal sirens and other legacy
a CAP based platform. After successful
community warning systems.
implementation of a Pilot Project in Tamil
Nadu, Pan India implementation of Phase I vi. GAGAN and NavIC satellite channels
of the CAP Project had been sanctioned by
the Government. The Project will automate vii. Google Integration
flow of Alerts between stakeholders which viii. Mobile Application and National
are as under: - Disaster Alert Portal
(a) Alert Generating Agencies. Alert Project Scope
generating agencies for all types of
Hazards are as under: - 6.21 The Project is being implemented by
Center for Development of Telematics
i. India Meteorological Department (C-DOT). MoU for CAP Project (Phase I)
(IMD). has been signed and Work Order issued
ii. Central Water Commission (CWC). on 23 Aug 2021. The Project was to be
completed in 18 months by Feb 2023 but
iii. Indian National Center for Ocean certain activities such as PoC for Coastal
Information Services (INCOIS). Siren and Cell broadcast for Reliance

81
 Jio, implementation of automated PCR, managers for approving/editing alerts
integration with Google services, Disaster and choosing media for dissemination.
Recovery functionality of NIC cloud
etc. could not be completed within the • Powerful GIS based Analytic tools for
stipulated period of 18 months. Hence, Disaster managers.
CDOT has sought an extension of six 6.23 EXTENSION OF ERSS (DIAL 112) FOR
months to achieve the following: - DISASTER EMERGENCIES”
i. Integration with IMD, INCOIS, CWC, Background
DGRE and FSI.
6.24 Emergency Response Support System
ii. Integration with all operational (ERSS) (Dial112) is a Pan-India single
Telecom Service Providers (TSPs) for number (112) based emergency response
SMS Alerts. system for citizens in emergencies.
iii. Development and Publishing of Mobile Citizens can request help through Voice
Application and National Disaster Alert Call, SOS, SMS, Email, Web Request and
Portal. Panic buttons on a mobile app to request
for immediate assistance pertaining
iv. Development and Publishing of alert to events related to Police assistance,
through Internet Browser notifications. Fire, Ambulance, Women protection,
Child safety etc. The project initiated by
v. Integration with Google Alert and
MHA (Women Safety Division), has been
Publishing of RSS feed.
implemented in all 36 States/UTs (in 28
vi. Integration with GAGAN and NavIC States/UTs by CDAC and in 08 States/UTs
Satellite terminals by vendors other than CDAC). ERSS did
not support emergency calls related to
vii. Proof of Concept (PoC) for TV, Coastal impending disasters and not integrated
Sirens, IR PA System, AIR Radio Station with the SEOCs and Disaster Responders.
and CB for all TSPs.
Project Brief
Project is under progress
6.25 In order to implement the vision of the
6.22 Impact of the Project Hon’ble PM for ‘Single Distress Number
• Seamless Web Based Integration of all for all emergencies across the country’,
Stakeholders for speedy notification, NDMA has conceived a Project “Extension
approval and dissemination of Alerts. of ERSS for Disaster Emergencies”. The
Project has extended the existing ERSS
• Near real time dissemination of Alerts system to cater for Disaster Emergencies.
to citizens and responders thereby Salient features of the Project are as
ensuring preparedness mitigating loss under: -
to life and property.
a. Enhancement of the existing
• Geo targeted Alerts in regional ERSS solution to cater for Disaster
vernacular for speedy dissemination. Emergencies.
• Web based dashboard to Disaster b. Integration of Public Safety Access

82
 Points (PSAPs)/Police Control Rooms a. Procurement, installation and
with SEOCs over leased lines. integration of hardware and software.
c. Installation of Hardware for Two/One b. Hiring of leased lines for internet and
operator positions at SEOCs of all connectivity to PSAPs for three years.
States/UTs.
c. Wages for manpower to be hired by
d. Augmentation of hardware at the States for a period of three years.
PSAPs of selected States in order to
cater for increase in load. d. Training of manpower at States/UTs.

e. Setting up of mini data center in e. Setting up a Project Management

eight states where ERSS has not been Unit (PMU) at NDMA to include
implemented by CDAC. procurement of furniture and office
requisites.
f. Provision of leased line/Internet
connectivity at SEOCs. f. Wages for manpower to be hired for
PMU for the duration of the Project
g. Provision of manpower to States/UTs (18 months which is now extended
to man operator positions for three for three months up to 28.05.2023)
years. implementation period and 36 months’
sustenance period).
h. Provision of manpower, furniture,
office equipment, travel charges and 6.29 After completion of three years, the
wages for a period of three years for States/UTs will sustain the Project by
the staff of Project Management Unit directly entering into an AMC with CDAC
at NDMA. and hiring manpower from within their
resources. Project is in final stage and the
6.26 CDAC, based on their experience of following works have been completed: -
implementing the existing ERSS system
in 28 States/UTs was nominated to a. The project has been technically
implement the Scheme. commissioned in 28 States/UTs. In
addition to this, Installation and
6.27 Various timelines for the Project are as connectivity has been established in
under: - 05 States/UTs and API Integration is
a. MoU signed and Work order issued- 02 underway.
Aug 2021. b. Training has been provided to 19
b. Completion of Installation in all States/ States/UTs. Manpower has been hired
UTs – 28 May 2023. in 20 States/UTs.

c. Sustenance by NDMA and Warranty c. Funds have been released to 34 States/

Period - Three years from the date of UTs.
taking over for each State/UT. d. MoU yet to be received by Telangana.
6.28 The Scheme is completely funded by e. Central Dashboard yet to be deployed
NDMA. Following aspects have been by CDAC.
catered for:

83
 f. Disaster Button incorporated in 112 to recognize outstanding contribution by
India App Android Version. Yet to be individuals and Institutions in the field of
incorporated in iOS version. Disaster Management. The fields encompass
Prevention, Mitigation, Preparedness, Rescue,
6.30 Subhash Chandra Bose Aapda Prabandhan Response, Relief, Rehabilitation, Research/
Puraskaar Innovations and Early Warning. The award
The award “Subhash Chandra Bose Aapda ceremony of Subhash Chandra Bose Aapda
Prabandhan Puraskar (SCBAPP)” was conceived Prabandhan Puraskar for the year 2023 was held
by Govt. of India in the year 2018-19. This award on 10.03.2023 at Vigyan Bhawan, New Delhi,
is given annually to ‘Individuals/Institutions’ wherein Hon’ble Prime Minister presented the
awards to the following awardees :

Sl.No. Awardee Year Category

1. Odisha State Disaster Management Authority 2023 Institutional

2. Lunglei Fire Station (LFS), Mizoram 2023 Institutional

Awareness Generation b) Informing and educating people on

various preventive and mitigating
6.31 In its endeavour to spread awareness measures to reduce losses to the
amongst the masses, Public Relation & maximum extent.
Awareness Generation (PR&AG) Division,
National Disaster Management Authority 6.32 Following awareness campaigns were
(NDMA), takes various public awareness carried out during 2022-23 (upto
initiatives through print and electronic 31/03/2023)
media including on social media, from time
to time, throughout the year. The focus is
Audio-Visual Campaigns
on building an appropriate environment by
informing, educating and communicating 6.33 Doordarshan/All India Radio: Audio-Video
the masses for a disaster resilient society. spots on natural disasters such as Cyclone,
These awareness campaigns are run Thunderstorm & Lightning, Flood, Urban
through various modes viz. TV, Radio, Flood, Earthquake, Landslide, Cold Wave,
Print Media, Exhibitions, Social Media etc. Avalanche and Heat Wave were telecast/
The awareness campaigns have two prime broadcast on Doordarshan (National
objectives: Network and Regional Kendras of
Doordarshan) and All India Radio. Multiple
a) Preparing citizens for any impending
spots containing do’s and dont’s of various
disasters (earthquake, cyclone, floods,
disasters were run in respective disaster
landslides, Thunderstorm & Lightning,
prone regions. Details of campaigns run
etc.)
during the year are as under:

84
 Disaster/Hazard Doordarshan All India Radio
7 days from 11/04/2022 to
7 days from 18/04/2022 to 24/04/2022
17/04/2022
Heat Wave
7 days from 10/03/2023 to
7 days from 10/03/2023 to 16/03/2023
16/03/2023
Thunderstorm & 7 days from 21/06/2022 to
7 days from 21/06/2022 to 27/06/2022
Lightning 27/06/2022
7 days from 23/06/2022 to
Flood 7 days from 23/06/2022 to 29/06/2022
29/06/2022
7 days from 08/07/2022 to
18/07/2022 (except 9th, 10th,
Landslide 7 days from 08/07/2022 to 14/07/2022
16th & 17th- due to non-telecast in
Portblair)
7 days from 08/07/2022 to
Urban Flood --
14/07/2022
7 days from 12/08/2022 to
7 days from 12/08/2022 to 18/08/2022
18/08/2022
Earthquake
7 days from 08/02/2023 to
7 days from 16/02/2023 to 22/02/2023
14/02/2023
7 days from 04/10/2022 to
Cyclone 7 days from 04/10/2022 to 10/10/2022
10/10/2022
7 days from 20/12/2022 to
7 days from 27/12/2022 to 02/01/2023
26/12/2022
Cold Wave
7 days from 05/01/2023 to
7 days from 12/01/2023 to 18/01/2023
11/01/2023

6.34 Community Radio: 7 days campaign was award was done through advertisement
run from 28/12/2022 to 03/01/2023 on 01/07/2022 and through social media
on 138 community radios in cold wave campaign. The award ceremony of Subhash
prone States for awareness generation to Chandra Bose Aapda Prabandhan Puraskar
safeguard from cold waves. was held on 10/03/2023 at Vigyan Bhawan
wherein Hon’ble Prime Minister presented
6.35 Publicity of Subhash Chandra Bose Aapda the awards to the awardees of 2022-23.
Prabandhan Puraskar (SCBAPP): An Award Short Videos of the award winners were
to recognize the excellent work done by produced in the form of citation.
individuals and institutions in India in the
field of Disaster Management i.e. Subhash 6.36 “Aapda Ka Saamna” a special programme
Chandra Bose Aapda Prabandhan Puraskar of Panel Discussion/Talk Show on
(SCBAPP) which is announced on 23rd Doordarshan: For creating awareness
January every year. Wide publicity of the amongst public, NDMA has organized

85
 programme of panel discussion/talk show “Aapda Ka Saamna” on DD News. Total 50 number
of episodes were telecast through DD News and re-telecast through regional channels in the
respective disaster prone areas/states. The details of episodes are as under:-

Sl.No. Episode Date of Telecast Date of Re telecast

1. Heat Wave 10 April 2022 16 April 2022

2. Cyclone 01 May 2022 07 May 2022
3. Forest Fire 15 May 2022 21 May 2022
4. Thunderstorm 29 May 2022 04 June 2022
5. Flood 12 June 2022 18 June 2022
6. Landslide 26 June 2022 02 July 2022
7. Urban Flood 10 July 2022 16 July 2022
Community Based Disaster Risk
8. 24 July 2022 30 July 2022
Management
9. Earthquake 14 August 2022 20 August 2022
10. Urban search and rescue 28 August 2022 03 September 2022
11 September
11. Cyclone 17 September 2022
2022
Volunteerism in Disaster Risk 25 September
12. 01 October 2022
Management 2022
13. Hospital Preparedness 09 October 2022 15 October 2022
14. School Safety 23 October 2022 29 October 2022
13 November
15. Urban Flood 19 November 2022
2022
27 November
16. Cold Wave 03 December 2022
2022
11 December
17. Avalanche 17 December 2022
2022
25 December
18. Mountain Hazards 31 December 2022
2022
19. Earthquake 08 January 2023 14 January 2023
20. Cold wave 22 January 2023 28 January 2023
21. Hospital preparedness 12 February 2023 18 February 2023

86
 22. Heat Wave 26 February 2023 4 March 2023
NPDRR (Hindi) Building local resilience in
23. 9 March 2023 10 March 2023
a changing climate
NPDRR (English) Building local resilience
24. 9 March 2023 10 March 2023
in a changing climate
25. Coastal hazards 26 March 2023 1 April 2023

NDMA E-Newsletter and blog Social Media Campaigns

6.37 A digital monthly newsletter named 6.38 In addition to awareness campaigns on
“Aapda Samvaad”, is issued, informing and TV and Radio, awareness campaigns
highlighting the stakeholders about major related to prevention, mitigation and
activities of NDMA, SDMAs, success stories preparedness before, during and after
on Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR), expert disasters were also carried out through
interviews, articles etc. The newsletter social media platforms using hashtags
was widely shared electronically with like heatwave, earthquake, floods,
various stakeholders, including major urbanfloods, ligtningsafety, coldwave,
editors of media houses. Their reach is avalanche, Covid-19, IndiafightsCorona,
also optimized using various techniques etc., throughout the year. Social media
on social media. The theme of News letter creatives and short films highlighting do’s
were as under:- and don’ts were shared on social media
platforms of NDMA, from time to time.
Sl.No. Months Theme
Twitter Report
1. April 2022 Heatwave
6.39 NDMA’s Tweets and Facebook updates
2. May 2022 Cyclone are reaching a large number of people.
Landslides/ Not only these appear on their personal
3. June 2022 accounts, these are also being shared by
Floods
them. The updates are thus reaching to
4. July 2022 Earthquake even secondary users who may or may
Cyclone/ not be following NDMA accounts but are
August- September reading its updates.
5. Formation Day
2022
Special  Followers as on 31st March, 2023
6. October 2022 Earthquake : 3,89,063

7. November 2022 Coldwave  Followers as on 31st March, 2022

: 3,33,410
8. December 2022 Avalanche
 Number of followers increased
9. January 2023 Coldwave : 55653
10. February 2023 Heatwave
11. March 2023 DRR

87
Celebration of 18th Formation Day Hon’ble Prime Minister was the Guest
of NDMA of Honour. In addition to the expert
discussion on the theme, following two
6.40 Celebration of 18th Formation Day of important documents/tools were also
NDMA: 18th Formation Day of NDMA released on the occasion:
was celebrated on 28/09/2022 at Vigyan
Bhawan, New Delhi with the theme i. Flood Risk Atlas for West Bangal and
“Volunteerism in Disaster Management”. Andhra Pradesh
Sh. Nityanand Rai, Hon’ble Minister of
State for Home, graced the occasion as the ii. Web based Dynamic composite Risk
Chief Guest alongwith Minister of State for Atlas & Decision Support System.
Home. Shri. Ajay Kumar Mishra as Special • Inauguration by Hon’ble MoS (Home)
Guest. During the Valedictory Session, Shri. Nityanand Rai :
Dr. P. K. Mishra, Principal Secretary to the

88
• Address by Dr. PK Mishra, Principal Secretary to the Hon’ble Prime Minister: In his address
he said that Volunteers form an integral part of the local disaster risk management force; it
benefits both, the society at large and the individual volunteer by strengthening trust, solidarity
and reciprocity among citizens, and by purposefully creating opportunities for participation.
Volunteers, particularly youth volunteers play a very significant role in disaster management.
Volunteers can be effectively utilized in social services, including public health, hygiene,
education, safety, security and risk reduction of people; disaster management can’t move with
just Government’s effort alone, it needs support of local communities, the volunteers, as the
first responders, without their dedicated support, the disaster cannot be managed effectively.

More than 400 participants from different Ministries/Deptts, Resident Commissioners, DGs of CAPFs,
States/UTs, SDMAs, related organizations and trained Aapda Mitra volunteers attended the Formation
Day. A small exhibition showing ERK and ERSS kits provided to the states under Up-scaling of Aapada
Mitra scheme was made by UP, Assam, Meghalaya, HP, Bihar and Karnataka on the occasion.
6.41 Communication with States/UTs: NDMA Disaster Management Policy, 2009 and
has produced more than 160 short Films National Disaster Management Plan
on Cyclone, Flood, Lightning, Heat Wave, (NDMP), 2019 were to be translated into
Earthquake, Landslide, Avalanches, Cold Scheduled Regional languages. Respective
Wave and Urban Flood disasters for States were requested to get these
awareness generation among the people. documents translated into their respective
In addition to uploading these films on scheduled language(s) and put the same
NDMA’s website and YouTube channel, all on their website for use by general public
States/UTs were requested to make use and other stakeholders. Three States
of these films for awareness generation in viz. Gujarat, Sikkim & Tamilnadu have
their respective States/UTs., from time to completed the task. Remaining States are
time. being followed up regularly to expedite.
Three important documents viz. Disaster 6.42 IEC material: NDMA has various short
Management (DM) Act, 2005, National video spots, animation films, sign language

89
 videos for awareness generation. These Waves. In addition, 15000 pocket books
materials are available on NDMA’s website were distributed to the Mela visitors
as well as on NDMA’s YouTube channel during the Mela.
namely ‘National Disaster Management
Authority of India’ for awareness 6.44. NDMA along with NDRF and NIDM
generation. These materials are being used participated in a special exhibition
by NDMA from time to time on electronic on NPDRR made during 10th to 13th
and social media. March 2023 at Vigyan Bhawan during
the 3rd Session of National Platform for
6.43 NDMA used the opportunity of awareness Disaster Risk Reduction (NPDRR). NDMA
generation during the 35th Surajkund showcased its guidelines, IEC material and
International Craft Mela, 2022 held from pocketbooks. The pocketbooks contain
23.03.2022 to 04.04.2022 at Surajkund, do’s & don’ts and safety measures on
Faridabad, Haryana. Short films were run various disasters. Approximately 5000
on 9 LED Screens during the period for pocketbooks were distributed to the
awareness generation regarding Heat visitors, including school children, college
students, exhibitors, etc.

6.45 The awareness generation actions account i.e. Twitter has been gaining
enumerated above certainly have helped steady increase. IEC activities of NDMA
the people of the country in saving lives have, thus, a very crucial element in
and livelihood. It may be appreciated awareness generation of the people and
that followership of NDMA’s social media all stakeholders.

90
 CHAPTER: VII
ADMINISTRATION AND FINANCE

General Administration campaigns involving both electronic and

print media, besides involvement of the
NDMA Secretariat community and other stakeholders at
the grassroots level. The total sanctioned
7.1 The NDMA Secretariat comprises five
staff in this division is 20, comprising
Divisions, namely (i) Policies, Plans,
one Advisor (JS level), four Joint Advisors
Rehabilitation & Recovery, Awareness
(Director Level), four Assistant Advisors
Generation and Capacity Building &
(US level) one Section Officer and ten
Training Division (ii) Mitigation Division (iii)
support staff.
Operations and Communications Division
(iv) Administration and Coordination Mitigation Division
Division and (v) Finance and Accounts
Division. 7.4 The responsibilities of this division are
to take up Risk Mitigation Projects at the
Policies, Plans, Rehabilitation & Recovery, national level in conjunction with the
Capacity Building & Training and Ministries of the Central Government
Awareness Generation Division and the States (pertaining to disasters like
cyclones, earthquake, floods, landslides
7.2 The division deals with all matters
and failsafe Communication and IT plan
pertaining to the formulation of policies,
etc.). It also guides and commissions
guidelines and approval of plans of all
specialized studies and projects like Micro-
the Central Ministries/Departments as
Zonation, Vulnerability Analysis, etc. It also
well as capacity building and awareness
supervises and monitors the design and
in all the States. Mainstreaming disaster
implementation of the mitigation projects
management in development plans is also
to be undertaken by the Ministries
an important task of this division. Capacity
themselves. The total sanctioned staff in
Building and Training is another important
this division is 14, comprising one Advisor
work of this Division. It undertakes various
(JS level), two Joint Advisors (Director
activities and projects towards capacity
level), two Assistant Advisors (US level)
building and training.
and nine support staff.
7.3 Public Relation and Awareness Generation,
Operations and Communication
major subject to be dealt with by the
Division
NDMA, is another task of this division.
This division has taken up the task to lead 7.5 NDMA needs to be in a state of readiness
this effort and ensure that the culture of to render advice to the Government on
preparedness is inculcated at all levels. disaster situations for which it must remain
It also handles conceptualization and fully apprised of the latest information. For
execution of awareness generation this, NDMA has an Operations Centre which

91
 provides disaster specific information and Assistant Director (Official Language), two
data inputs of NDMA Officers. The Division Section Officer and 15 support staff.
co-ordinates the efforts of all stakeholders
during the response stage of any Disaster. Finance and Accounts Division
It also has a major role in training and 7.8 The Finance and Accounts Division deals
capacity building of first responders in with the work relating to maintenance of
the country. The Division conducts State accounts, preparation of budget, financial
and Multi-State level Mock Exercises scrutiny of proposals, etc. This Division
ensuring participation of all stakeholders also monitors progress of expenditure
including Central Agencies, Armed Forces and advises NDMA on all matters falling
and CAPFs. The division is also involved within its delegated financial power. The
in DM related training activities including total sanctioned staff in this Division is 8,
training on IRS and raising awareness at comprising one Financial Advisor (JS Level),
premier institutions in the country. In one Director, one Asst. Financial Advisor
addition, the division is closely involved (US Level), one Section Officer, two Asst.
with the tasks relating to Rehabilitation Section Officer (ASO) and 2 support staff.
and Recovery. The Division vets the Crisis Details of its functions and responsibilities
Management Plans of all the Central are:
Ministries/Departments.
• Advise NDMA on all matters falling
7.6 The Division implements communication within the field of delegated powers.
and IT related solutions for NDMA. It
also advises and carries out capacity • Associate closely with the formulation
building of all Central and State of schemes and important expenditure
Ministries/Departments in the field of proposals from their initial stages.
Communication, IT and GIS. The total • To watch settlement of audit
sanctioned staff in this division is 15, objections, Inspection reports, Draft
comprising one Advisor (JS level), two Joint Audit Paragraph etc.
Advisor (Director level), three Assistant
Advisors (US level), two Duty Officers (US • To ensure prompt action on Audit
level) and seven support staff. Reports, Reports of Public Accounts
Committee (PAC) and Estimates
Administration and Coordination Committee.
Division
• To ensure timely submission of
7.7 This division is responsible for all aspects periodical reports and returns.
of Administration and Coordination. Its
activities involve extensive interface with • Preparation and Monitoring of budget
the Ministries/ Departments and States. of NDMA
This division also provides administrative
and logistic support to the Members and 7.9 The accounts of NDMA are maintained by
the staff of the NDMA at all levels. The the office of Chief Controller of Accounts
total sanctioned staff in this division is (CCA), Ministry of Home Affairs, Payment
22, comprising one Joint Secretary, one and receipt functions for NDMA are also
Director, two Under Secretaries, one managed btnistry of Home Affairs.

92
Finance and Budget:
The Scheme wise Budget Estimate, Revised Estimate & Expenditure for the period April 2022
to March, 2023 are as follows:
(Rs. in Crores)
B.E RE 2022-23 + Re- Exp. up to
Name of the project RE 2022-23
2022-23 app. from MHA 31.03.2023
National Cyclone Risk
Mitigation Project (NCRMP) 300.00 165.60 124.13 101.70
with World Bank Assistance
Other Disaster Management
21.07 21.07 21.07 14.36
Projects - (ODMP)
Establishment Charges 63.73 58.30 65.25 64.67
Coalition for Disaster Resilient
50.00 50.00 50.00 50.00
Infrastructure Society (CDRI)

Grant No. 49 MHA (Figures in Crores)

FE 22-23+ Re-app Exp. up to

MH Scheme B.E. 22-23 RE 22-23
from MHA 31.3.2023
2245 ODMP 7.68 7.68 7.68 2.61
ODMP (Release to State
3601 13.03 13.03 13.03 11.40
Govt.
3602 Release to UT w/o Legis) 0.36 0.36 0.36 0.35
Total (a) 21.07 21.07 21.07 14.36
2245 NCRMP (Est. Charges) 30 16.40 16.40 6.23

NCRMP (GIA) 270.00 149.20 107.74 95.47

3601
Total (b) 300 165.60 124.13 101.70
2245 Establishment Charges 63.73 58.30 65.25 64.67
Total (c) 63.73 58.30 65.25 64.67
CDRI
2245 50.00 50.00 50.00 50.00
Establishment Charges
Total (d) 50.00 50.00 50.00 50.00
Grand Total NDMA 434.80 294.97 260.45 230.73

93
 Annexure I
COMPOSITION OF NDMA

Present Composition

1. Hon’ble Prime Minister of India Chairperson

Member (Since 16.02.2015)
2. Shri Kamal Kishore
Secretary (In-charge since 01.10.2021)
Lt Gen (Retd) Syed Ata Hasnain, PVSM,
3. Member (Since 21.02.2020)
UYSM, AVSM, SM, VSM & BAR
4. Shri Rajendra Singh Member (Since 20.02.2020)
5. Shri Krishna Swaroop Vatsa Member (Since 04.05.2020)

Former Members

1. Gen. N. C. Vij Vice-Chairperson (28.9.2005 to 27.9.2010)

Vice Chairperson (16.12.2010 to 16.06.2014)
2. Shri M. Shashidhar Reddy Member (11.10.2010 to 16.12.2010)
Member (05.10.2005 to 04.10.2010)
3. Lt. Gen. (Dr.) J. R. Bhardwaj Member (28.09.2005 to 27.09.2010)
4. Dr. Mohan Kanda Member (05.10.2005 to 04.10.2010)
5. Prof. N. Vinod Chandra Menon Member (28.09.2005 to 27.09.2010)
6. Smt. P. Jyoti Rao Member (14.08.2006 to 13.08.2011)
Member (14.12.2011 to 11.07.2014)
7. Shri K. M. Singh
Member (28.09.2005 to 27.09.2010)
Member (15.12.2011 to 11.07.2014)
8. Shri B. Bhattacharjee
Member (21.08.2006 to 20.08.2011)
Member (04.06.2012 to 11.07.2014)
9. Shri J. K. Sinha
Member (18.04.2007 to 17.04.2012)
10 Shri T. Nandakumar Member (8.10.2010 to 28.2.2014)
11. Shri V. K. Duggal Member (22.06.2012 to 23.12.2013)

94
12. Maj. Gen. J. K. Bansal Member (6.10.2010 to 11.07.2014)
13. Muzaffar Ahmad Member (10.12.2010 to 03.01.2015)
14. Dr. Harsh K. Gupta Member (23.12.2011 to 11.07.2014)
15. Dr. K. Saleem Ali Member (03.03.2014 to 19.06.2014)
16. Shri K. N. Shrivastava Member (03.03.2014 to 11.07.2014)
Member Secretary (23.02.2015 to 30.11.2015)
17. Shri R. K. Jain, IAS (Retd.) Member (01.12.2015 to 30.11.2018)

Lt. Gen (Retd.) N. C. Marwah, PVSM,

18. Member (30.12.2014 to 29.12.2019)
AVSM
19 Dr. D. N. Sharma Member (19.01.2015 to 18.01.2020)

95
 Annexure II
LIST OF SENIOR OFFICERS OF THE NDMA

Present Composition

1. Shri Kamal Kishore, Member (Since 16.02.2015) & Secretary (In-charge) (since 01.10.2021)
2. Shri Alok, Additional Secretary (Since 23.01.2023)
3. Shri Harsh Gupta, Project Director, NCRMP (since 28.04.2022)
4. Shri Kunal Satyarthi, Advisor (Policy & Planning) (since 24.09.2021)
5. Ms Sreyasi Chaudhuri, Joint Secretary (since 17.01.2020)
6. Shri Ravinesh Kumar, Financial Advisor (since 10.10.2017)
7. Col. K. P Singh, Advisor (Operations) (since 12.09.2022)

96