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Health effects of smoking tobacco

Cigarette smoking causes serious disease and is addictive


When a cigarette is lit, the tobacco burns and creates smoke. In cigarette smoke more than
6,000 chemicals or “smoke constituents” have been identified. Public-health authorities have
classified approximately 100 of them as causes or potential causes of smoking-related
diseases such as lung cancer, cardiovascular disease, and emphysema. These constituents
include among others arsenic, benzene, benzo[a]pyrene, carbon monoxide, heavy metals
(e.g. lead, cadmium), hydrogen cyanide, and tobacco-specific nitrosamines.

Are all cigarettes harmful and addictive?


Yes, all cigarettes are harmful and addictive. Although there are a variety of cigarette brands
available on the market with different features (e.g., the cigarette blend style, diameter,
length, as well as tar, nicotine, or carbon monoxide yields), smokers should not assume that
any of these features means that one cigarette is less harmful or less addictive than another.
While it can be very difficult to quit smoking cigarettes, millions of smokers have succeeded
in doing so.

Tar, nicotine, and carbon monoxide yields

Tar is the residue of Nicotine is a naturally Carbon monoxide is a gas


particles that are contained occurring chemical in the that is formed in cigarette
in cigarette smoke. It is not tobacco plant. When smoke. Carbon monoxide
a single chemical, but tobacco is burned, nicotine has been identified as a
instead a mixture of several is transferred into the leading cause of
thousand smoke smoke. Nicotine, while cardiovascular disease
constituents. Tar is addictive, is not the primary (heart disease) in smokers.
measured under laboratory cause of smoking-related
conditions by trapping the diseases.
particles on a filter and then
subtracting water and
nicotine.

Secondhand smoke
Secondhand smoke, also known as environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), is a combination of
the smoke produced from the lit end of a cigarette and the smoke exhaled by smokers. Public
health authorities, including the WHO, have concluded that secondhand smoke causes
diseases, including lung cancer and heart disease, in nonsmoking adults, as well as conditions
in children such as asthma, respiratory infections, cough, wheezing, otitis media (middle ear
infection), and sudden infant death syndrome. In addition, public health officials have
concluded that secondhand smoke can exacerbate adult asthma and cause eye, throat, and
nasal irritation.
The public should be informed about these conclusions and guided by them in deciding
whether to be in places where secondhand smoke is present or, if they are smokers, when
and where to smoke around others. Smokers should not smoke around children or pregnant
women.
Some cigarettes available on the market contain smoke-related features, such as reduced
smoke odor or reduced visible smoke. These features do not mean that the product is less
harmful to smokers or nonsmokers than other cigarettes.

Smoking and pregnancy


Pregnant women should not smoke and should not use any other nicotine products.
According to public health authorities, women who smoke before or during pregnancy are at
increased risk of:
• premature births, pregnancy complications, and still births
• having low birth weight babies. Low birth weight babies are at greater risk of
childhood and adult illnesses and even death.
• babies suffering sudden infant death syndrome
• babies having reduced lung function

If you are pregnant, or think you may be, do not smoke.

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