MIDTERM REVIEWER 6.

The release of a crime scene depends on various factors, such

FUNDAMENTALS OF INVESTIGATION as the completion of the investigation, documentation of
Organized crime is a category of transnational, national, or local evidence, and any legal requirements.
groupings of highly centralized enterprises run by criminals to
engage in illegal activity, most commonly for profit. WITNESS PROCESSING
CRIME SCENE INVESTIGATION Witness- any person who possess information or knowledge of the
GOLDEN RULE OF CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION crime being investigated
“Never touch, move, alter or take anything at the crime scene until it Interview- simple questioning of a person who has knowledge of a
has been photographed, measured, sketched and recorded”; crime but was not involved therein.
Corpus delicti is the body of the crime or means that the crime was Interrogation- it is the vigorous questioning of one who is reluctant
actually committed. to divulge information.
A. PHOTOGRAPHY Elicitation- it is a process of taking information from the subject
Photograph is the most practical method of preservation of without his knowledge
physical evidence in a crime scene. An affidavit -the written sworn statement of a person respecting the
Types of Photograph view(E) knowledge he possesses about the commission of crime
General View photographs of the entire scene and surrounding Judicial Affidavit - written statement of facts voluntarily made by an
area, including points of exit and entry, are taken first. affiant under an oath or affirmation made by a person authorized to
Medium range- photographs show the layout of smaller significant do so by law.
areas of the crime scene. Dying declaration - is a declaration made by a person who is
Close-up photographs- are taken last and show greater detail of conscious of his impending death, where his death is the subject of
individual objects or evidence. the investigation.
B. SKETCH Miranda doctrine A principle on the right of the suspect from self-
Types of Sketches(E) incrimination during police investigation, as enshrined in the 1987
1.Rough Sketch is the first pencil-drawn outline of the scene phil. constitution bill of right (Art.3 Sec.12).
and the location of objects and evidence within this outline Testimonial evidence - a written or oral assertion offered as proof of
2.Finished Sketch They are usually prepared for courtroom truth in court, includes hearsay and testimony
presentation and often will not show all measurements FILING OF CRIMINAL COMPLAINT
Complaint- is a sworn written statement charging a person with an
and distances originally recorded on the rough sketch
offense, subscribed by the offended party, any peace officer, or
Techniques of Measuring Evidence(E)
other public officer charged with the enforcement of the law
1. straight line
violated.
2. triangulation
Inquest is "a summary inquiry conducted by a prosecutor for the
3. rectangular
purpose of determining whether the warrantless arrest of a person
4. baseline
was based on probable cause."
5. polar coordinates
Information - an accusation in writing, charging a person with an
offense, subscribed by the prosecutor and filed with the court.
C. SEARCHES
Preliminary Investigation - is an inquiry or proceeding to determine
Methods of Crime Scene Search (E)
whether there is sufficient ground to engender a well-founded belief
1. strip search
that a crime has been committed and the respondent is probably
2. double strip search
guilty thereof, and should be held for trial.
3. Spiral search
Criminal Complaint - is a court document filed that accuses or
4. zone search
charges a suspect with committing a crime. Criminal complaints are
5. wheel search
usually filed by the prosecutor in cooperation with the police.
THINGS TO REMEMBER
THINGS TO REMEMBER.
1. A criminal complaint can be filed by the victim of the
1. The first person to arrive at a crime scene is typically the first
crime, but it can also be filed by a witness, law
responder, such as a police officer or emergency medical
personnel. The crime scene investigator is called in afterwards. enforcement officer, or prosecutor.
2. It is crucial to secure the crime scene as soon as possible to 2. The person filing the complaint does not necessarily need
prevent contamination or tampering of evidence. This helps to know the identity of the offender. They can provide a
maintain the integrity of the scene and ensures the accuracy of description or any other relevant information that may
the investigation. help in identifying the suspect.
3. While crime scene investigators may interact with witnesses, 3. Filing a criminal complaint does not automatically lead to
their main job is to process the crime scene, collect evidence, the arrest of the accused. The complaint initiates the legal
document findings, and analyze physical evidence. process, and further investigation may be required to
Interviewing witnesses is typically the responsibility of establish probable cause for an arrest.
detectives or other law enforcement personnel. 4. In some cases, a criminal complaint can be amended or
4. Crime scene investigators should avoid moving or altering modified to provide additional information or clarify
anything at the crime scene before proper documentation.
details
Their primary focus is to preserve and collect evidence in its
original state to maintain its integrity and reliability for
analysis.
5. Any physical evidence obtained must be marked or tagged
before its submission to the evidence custodian