ECON 3 Lesson 3
ECON 3 Lesson 3
ECON 3 Lesson 3
DUGXUKGP
]bg aditkiugm `rdwtb ki kitgrictkdicn trcmg cim tbg `rdwki` dppdrtuiktkgs edr hddstki` scngs,
kiargcski` ocrlgt sbcrg cim XDK, ekimki` rcw octgrkcns, cim ndwgrki` adsts ki kitgrictkdicn ocrlgts bcvg
`rgctny kopcatgm huskigssgs cim bdw tbgy dpgrctg. ]d adopgtg ki tbg `ndhcn ocrlgtpncag, prdegsskdicns
oust ngcri tbg strctg`kgs, pdnkakgs, idros cim tgabidnd`y igagsscry td adimuat kitgrictkdicn huskigss,
mgvgndp ci dvgrsgcs austdogr hcsg cim untkoctgny ocic`g tbg kitgrictkdicn huskigss dpgrctkdis. ]d hg
suaagsseun, huskigss prdegsskdicns oust uimgrstcim cim mgvgndp tbg lidwngm`g cim slknns igagsscry td
ocic`g tbg stcrtki`, dr gxpciskdi de, kitgrictkdicn dpgrctkdis. ]bgrg crg edur ocjdr actg`drkgs de tbg
kitgrictkdicn huskigss dpgrctkdis suab cs `gd`rcpbka adimktkdis, aunturcn cim sdakcn ecatdrs, pdnktkacn cim
ng`cn ecatdrs, cim gadidoka adimktkdis.
Ngcriki` Dutadogs:
ADWXQG OC]GXKCNQ
@ gd
gd`` rcp
rcpbkac
bkacnn Ecatdrs:
Ecatdrs:
Aunturg ks tbg caagptgm hgbcvkdrs, austdos, cim vcnugs de c sdakgty. C sdakgty's aunturg bcs c
strdi` kienugiag di huskigss catkvktkgs. Edr gxcopng, ki Qpcki cim pcrts de Nctki Cogrkac,
huskigssgs trcmktkdicnny wgrg andsgm edr sgvgrcn bdurs ki tbg okmmng de tbg mcy edr c ndi` nuiab dr
c pgrkdm de rgst.
]bg ocki aunturcn
aunturcn cim sdakcn ecatdrs
ecatdrs tbct ceegat kitgrictkdicn huskigss crg nci`uc`g, gmuactkdi,
rgnk`kdi, vcnugs, austdos, cim sdakcn rgnctkdisbkps. ]bgsg rgnctkdisbkps kianumg kitgrcatkdis codi`
ecoknkgs, nchdr uikdis, cim dtbgr dr`cikzctkdis.
V dnkt
dnktkacn
kacn cim
cim Ng` cn Ecatdrs
Ecatdrs :
Xg`unctkdi de eckr cmvgrtkski`, giedragogit de aditrcats, cim scegty kispgatkdis de eddms cim
ogmkactkdis crg c egw gxcopngs.
Ki `gigrcn, bdwgvgr, pgdpng ki tbg Wiktgm Qtctgs bcvg c `rgct mgcn de erggmdo wbgi kt adogs td
huskigss catkvktkgs.
Bdwgvgr, idt cnn aduitrkgs crg nklg tbg Wiktgm Qtctgs. Ki ociy pncags, `dvgriogit rgstrkats tbg
catkvktkgs de adisuogrs cim huskigss dpgrctdrs.
G adid
adidoka
oka Adimktkdi
Adimktkdiss :
Gadidoka Adimktkdis Gvgrydig ecags tbg prdhngo de nkoktgm rgsdurags td sctksey iuogrdus iggms
cim wcits.
Ecatdrs tbct kienugiag tbg gadidoka sktuctkdi de c aduitry kianumg tbg typg de gadidoka systgo,
tbg cvcknchknkty de icturcn rgsdurags, cim tbg `gigrcn gmuactkdi ngvgn
ngvgn de tbg aduitry's pdpunctkdi. Dtbgr
gadidoka ecatdrs kianumg tbg typgs de kimustrkgs cim jdhs ki tbg aduitry cim tbg stchknkty de tbg aduitry s
odigy suppny. Cvcknchng tgabidnd`y edr prdmuaki` cim mkstrkhutki` `ddms cim sgrvkags cnsd kienugiags c
ictkdi's gadidoka sktuctkdi.
Kitgrictkdicn Huskigss cim ]rcmg Vc`g 32 de ;0
KK. ]BG IC]WXG CIM QADVG DE KI]GXIC]KDICN HWQKIGQQ
Huskigss pgrspgatkvg (cs dppdsgm td euiatkdicn vkgw nklg ocrlgtki`, ekiciaki`, ocic`gogit gta)
`rduimgm ki `ndhcn givkrdiogit. ]d hg rgcnkstka, kt kivdnvgs tbg hrdcmgst cim odst `gigrcnkzgm stumy de
tbg ekgnm de huskigss, cmcptgm td c eckrny uikqug cardss tbg hdrmgr givkrdiogit. Ociy adimktkdis cim
givkrdiogitcn vcrkchngs tbct crg sk`ikekacit ki kitgricn huskigss (suab cs edrgk`i ng`cn Qystgo, edrgk`i
gxabci`g ocrlgts, kienctkdicry trgims, cim aunturcn mkeegrgiags) crg odstny krrgngvcit td mdogstka
huskigss. Bdwgvgr, `ndhcn kitg`rctkdi ki trcmg, kivgstogit, ecatdr, tgabidnd`y cim adoouikactkdi bcs
hggi ki prcatkag edr gadidokgs td`gtbgr. Kitgrictkdicn huskigss aci wgnn hg hrdlgi mdwi kitd edrgk`i
trcmg, trcmg ki sgrvkags, pdrtednkd kivgstogit cim mkrgat kivgstogits (EMKQ).
]bg euimcogitcn cim tbg ncr`gst kitgrictkdicn huskigss catkvkty ki ociy aduitrkgs ks tbg edrgk`i
trcmg adoprkski` gxpdrts cim kopdrts. Vbyskacn `ddms / adoodmktkgs dr ograbcimksg ngcvg tbg aduitry ki
gxpdrt. Kopdrts crg tbdsg `ddms hrdu`bt cardss tbg ictkdicn hdrmgrs kitd c aduitry. ]bg kitgrictkdicn
ekros cnsd trcmg ki sgrvkags hcilki`, kisurciag, adisuntki`, trcvgn cim trcispdrtctkdi gta. gcri ki tbg edro
de eggn dr rdycntkgs. ]bg eggs crg gcrigm tbrdu`b sbdrt dr ndi` tgro aditrcatucn c`rggogits suab cs
adisuntciay dr ocic`gogit aditrcats dr turi lgy prdjgats. Xdycntkgs crg rgagkvgm erdo tbg usg de dig
adopciy‒s icog, trcmgocrl, pctgit dr prdagss hy sdogdig gnsg.
Cntgrictkvgny, c ekro aci gcri rdycntkgs erdo chrdcm hy nkagiski` tbg usg de kts tgabidnd`y
kiedroctkdi, Erciabksg ki dvgrsgcs ocrlgts. Vdrtednkd kivgstogits crg ekiciakcn kivgstogits ocmg ki
edrgk`i aduitrkgs. ]bg kivgstdr purabcsgs mght dr gqukty ki tbg gxpgatctkdi de ekiciakcn rgturi di tbg
kivgstogit. Edrgk`i mkrgat kivgstogit dr mkrgat kivgstogit ks dig ki wbkab kivgstdr ks `kvgi adnngatki`
kitgrgst ki edrgk`i adopciy. EMK ocyhg ki tbg edro de c jdkit vgiturg dr c wbdnny dwigm suhskmkcry ‑ jdk it
vgiturg ks c sbcrgm dwigrsbkp stclg wktb gqucn sbcrg ki c edrgk`i huskigss. Kimkci jdkit vgiturgs chrdcm
crg dpgrctgm ki odrg tbci 252 prdjgats / gitgrprksgs. C wbdnny dwigm suhskmkcry aci hg gstchnksbgm ki
edrgk`i ocrlgts gktbgr ki tbg edro de tdtcnny igw dpgrctkdi dr caquksktkdi de ci gstchnksbgm ekro cim usg
tbg ekro td prdodtg kts prdmuats. ]bg suhskmkcry, ke kt ks gstchnksbgm stcrtki` erdo tbg `rduim up ks acnngm c
@rggiekgnm kivgstogit. Bdwgvgr, tbgrg iggms td hg tbg pgrspgatkvg de tbg kitgrictkdicn huskigss. ]bct ks,
tbg ekro‒s sgikdr ocic`gogit sbdunm angcrny mgekig tbg ekro‒s `ukmki` prkia kpngs ki tgros de kitgrictkdicn
ocimctg rctbgr tbci td cnndw ekro‒s kitgrictkdicn catkvktkgs td mgvgndp cs ci kiakmgitcn dr cmjuiat td kts
mdogstka catkvktkgs. ]bks wdunm bgnp td edaus tbg cttgitkdi de oci`grs di tbg dppdrtuiktkgs cim tbrgcts
gxtgricn td mdogstka gadidoy.