Apply Safety Measures in Farm Operations
Apply Safety Measures in Farm Operations
Apply Safety Measures in Farm Operations
(Common Competency)
6. Clean and store use tools and outfit in line with farm
procedures.
You may have some or most of the knowledge and skills covered in this
learner’s guide because you have;
Been working for some time.
Already completed training in this area.
If you can demonstrate to your trainer that you are competent in particular
skills, you don’t have to do the same training again,
If you feel some of the skills, talk to your trainer about having them formally
recognized. If you have qualification requires or Certificate from previous
training, show it to your trainer. If the skill you require is still relevant to the
module, they may become the part of the evidence you can present for RPL.
At the end of this learner’s guide is a learner diary. Use this diary to record
important dates, jobs undertaken and to other workplace events that will assist
you in providing details to your trainer or assessors. A Record of Achievement
is also provided for your trainer to complete once you complete this module.
This module was prepared to help you achieve the required competency in
implementing Preparing and Applying Chemicals .This will be the source of
information for you to acquire knowledge and skills in this particular trade,
with minimum supervision or help from your instructor. With the aid of this
materials you will acquire the competency and at your own pace.
● Talk to your own trainer and agree on how both will organize the
Training of this unit. Read through the learning guide carefully. It is
divided into sections that cover all the skill and knowledge you need to
successfully complete in this module.
● Work through all the information and complete the activities each
section. Read information and complete the self-check. Suggested
reference is included to supplement the materials provided in this
module.
● Your trainer will tell you about the important things you need to
consider when you are completing activities and it is important that
you listen and take notes.
● Use the self – check questions at the end of each section to test your
own progress.
● When you are ready, ask your trainer to watch you perform the
activities outline in the learning guide.
● Ask you work through the activities, ask for written feedback on your
progress. Your trainer keeps feedback/ pre-assessment reports for this
reason. When you have successfully completed each element, ask your
trainer to mark on the reports that are ready for assessment.
● When you have completed these modules (for several module), and feel
confident that you have sufficient practice; your trainer will arrange an
appointment with a registered assessor to assess you. The results of
your assessment will be recorded in your competence Achievement
Record.
This module covers the knowledge, skills and attitudes required to perform
safety measures effectively and efficiently.
CONTENTS;
Farm works that involves using chemicals and hazardous tools and
equipment
Personal Protective Equipment used in farms.
Basic first aid
Farm emergency procedures regarding safety working environment.
CONDITIONS:
Learning elements/materials
Service manual
Organizational manuals
METHODOLOGIES:
Buzz session
Group discussion
Role playing
ASSESSMENT METHODS:
Written examination
interview
LEARNING EXPERIENCES
Objective:
At the end the trainees must be able to;
Identify farm works that involves using of chemicals and
hazardous tools and equipment.
Know the control measures of farm hazards
Farmworkers are exposed to numerous safety, health, environmental,
biological, and respiratory hazards. These include vehicle rollovers, heat
exposure, falls, musculoskeletal injuries, hazardous equipment, grain bins,
unsanitary conditions, pesticides, and many others.
All tools should be maintained in good condition and used according to the
manufacturers' instructions.
Power tools must be properly grounded or double insulated and all guards
or shields must be in place.
Farmworkers should wear the proper personal protective equipment (PPE)
and make sure that clothing has no strings or loose ends that could be
caught by machinery. Long hair should be tied back to prevent
entanglement.
In addition, shops should be well lit and have clear walkways to eliminate
slips, trips and falls
Any chemical should be treated with extreme caution and only ever used
according to the instructions. Vapors or direct exposure can lead to a variety of
health effects, including headache, poisoning, burns, cancers and birth
defects.
Common agrichemicals
It is important to understand that the guidelines do not replace the laws that
are in place. Employers, supervisors and workers on farms have
responsibilities and rights under the Occupational Health and Safety Act and
the following four regulations under the Act:
Regulation for Farming Operations
Critical Injury--Defined
Training Programs
Training Requirements for Certain Skill Sets and Trades.
The requirements in the OHSA and these four regulations must be complied
with.
This is the first edition of the guidelines. They will be reviewed and updated on
an ongoing basis, as needed, and expanded as new production methods and
technologies emerge.
Pinch Points
Pinch points are formed when two objects move together and at least one
of them is moving in a circle. For example, the point at which a belt runs
onto a pulley is a pinch point. Belt drives, chain drives and gear drives
are other examples of pinch points in power transmission devices.
Body parts such as fingers, hands and feet can be caught directly in
pinch points, or they may be drawn into the pinch points by loose
clothing that becomes entangled.
Workers should be aware of pinch points, and shields or guards should
be used to prevent exposure or access.
Wrap Points
Rotating shafts are the most common source of wrap point accidents,
although any exposed machine part that rotates can be a wrap point.
Clothing or hair can catch on a rotating part.
The ends of shafts that protrude beyond bearings are also dangerous.
Universal joints, keys and fastening devices can also snag clothing.
Entanglement with a wrap point can pull you into the machine, or
clothing may become so tightly wrapped that you are crushed or
suffocated.
Workers operating machinery should be aware of wrap points and wear
clothing that will not become entangled in moving components. In
addition, where possible, shields or guards should be used to prevent
access.
Crush Points
Crush points are created when two objects move toward each other or
one object moves toward a stationary one. For example, hitching a
tractor to an attachment may create a potential crush point; or, failure to
block up equipment safely can result in a crushing injury.
Crushing injuries most commonly occur to fingers. To prevent a crushing
injury, workers should: be aware of crush points and avoid potentially
dangerous situations; arrange the hitch point so that a tractor can be
backed into position without a worker being in the path; wait until a
tractor has stopped before stepping into the hitching area; and, block
any machine that can move before working under or near it.
Pull-In Points
Pull-in points usually occur when plant material or other obstacles
become stuck in feed rolls or other machinery parts, preventing the
mechanism from operating. A worker trying to free such material without
shutting down or locking out the power can be rapidly pulled into the
mechanism when the material is freed.
Equipment operators should always shut off the power and use a lockout
procedure before attempting to clear plugged equipment.
Free-Wheeling Parts
1. Many machine parts continue to spin after the power is either shut off or
locked out. Even if equipment is locked out, no repair or maintenance work
should be started until all parts have stopped moving. This may take as
long as 2--2.5 minutes. Examples of free-wheeling parts include:
cutter heads of forage harvesters,
hammer mills of feed grinders
rotary mower blades,
fans
flywheels.
Springs
Springs are commonly used to help lift equipment such as shock
absorbers, and to keep belts tight and may harbour potentially
dangerous stored energy.
Springs under compression will expand with great force when released
while those that are stretched will contract rapidly when released.
A worker should know in which direction a spring will move and how it
might affect another machine part when released, and stay out of its
path.
Hydraulic Systems
Hydraulic systems store considerable energy. They are used to:
lift and change the position of attachments;
operate hydraulic motors; and,
assist in steering and braking.
Leaks from hydraulic systems are a serious hazard because of the high
pressure and temperature of the fluid contained in the system. Even fine
jets of hydraulic fluid can burn or pierce skin and tissue. Workers
should:
never inspect hydraulic hoses with their hands;
wear long sleeves, heavy gloves and safety glasses when checking
for leaks;
follow the instructions in the operator's manual because the specific
procedures for servicing these systems are very important for one's
safety.
Where appropriate, a properly qualified and certified mechanic should
perform repairs and maintenance.
Work should not be performed under raised hydraulic equipment.
Self-check 1.1-1
Instructions: Choose the letter of the correct answer on your answer sheet.
1. B
2. A
3. A
4. D
5. B
Objective:
After reading this information sheet the trainee/student must be able to:
1. Identify appropriate PPE for farm operations.
2. Use appropriate PPE in doing farm operations
Personal protective equipment (PPE) refers to protective
clothing, helmets, goggles or other garments or
equipment designed to protect the wearer's body
from injury. The hazards addressed by protective
equipment include physical, electrical, heat,
chemicals, biohazards, and airborne particulate matter.
Protective equipment may be worn for job-
related occupational safety and health purposes .
"Protective clothing" is applied to traditional categories of
clothing, and "protective gear" applies to items such as
pads, guards, shields, or masks, and others.
Any item of PPE imposes a barrier between the wearer/user and the working
environment. This can create additional strains on the wearer; impair their
ability to carry out their work and create significant levels of discomfort. Any of
these can discourage wearers from using PPE correctly, therefore placing them
at risk of injury, ill-health or, under extreme circumstances, death. Good
ergonomic design can help to minimize these barriers and can therefore help to
ensure safe and healthy working conditions through the correct use of PPE.
Practices of occupational safety and health can use hazard controls and
interventions to mitigate workplace hazards, which pose a threat to the safety
and quality of life of workers. The hierarchy of hazard control hierarchy of
control provides a policy framework which ranks the types of hazard controls in
terms of absolute risk reduction. At the top of the hierarchy are elimination
and substitution, which remove the hazard entirely or replace the hazard with
a safer alternative. If elimination or substitution measures cannot apply,
engineering controls and administrative controls, which seek to design safer
mechanisms and coach safer human behavior, are implemented. Personal
protective equipment ranks last on the hierarchy of controls, as the workers
are regularly exposed to the hazard, with a barrier of protection. The hierarchy
of controls is important in acknowledging that, while personal protective
equipment has tremendous utility, it is not the desired mechanism of control in
terms of worker safety.
PPE DESCRIPTION/USES
Protect your vision with appropriate
safety eye wear (safety glasses,
goggles, face shield) when applying
pesticides, fertilizers, working in
shop, or in heavy dust conditions.
Goggles
Respirator/Dust Mask
Protect your hands from every abuse
with job-matched gloves and barrier
creams.
Glove
Hat
Protect your feet with safety shoes or
boots with non-slip soles and heels.
Rubber Boots
A pair of soft fabric coverings,
connected by a band across the top
of the head that are worn over the
ears to protect them from cold or
noise.
Earmuff
Protect your skin with impervious
garments when using toxic or
irritating chemicals. In addition, use
sunscreen to protect against sun’s
harmful rays.
Cover All
Objective:
At the end of this information sheet the trainees/students must be able to:
1. Apply basic first aid in case of accident and emergency in the
workplace.
First aid is the provision of immediate care to a victim with an injury or illness,
usually effected by a lay person, and performed within a limited skill range.
Basic first aid refers to the initial process of assessing and addressing the
needs of someone who has been injured or is in physiological distress due to
choking, a heart attack, allergic reactions, drugs or other medical emergencies.
Basic first aid allows you to quickly determine a person's physical condition
and the correct course of treatment. You should always seek professional
medical help as soon as you are able, but following correct first aid procedures
can be the difference between life and death. Follow our entire tutorial, or find
specific advice by checking out the sections listed above.
5. Remember your ABCs of CPR. The ABCs of CPR refer to the three critical
things you need to look for.[3]Check these three things frequently as you
give the person first aid CPR.
Eye: Irrigate promptly If this chemical contacts the eyes, promptly wash
(irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water,
occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get
medical attention if any discomfort continues.
Skin: Blot/brush away If irritation occurs, gently blot or brush away excess.
Skin: Dust off solid; If this solid chemical contacts the skin, dust it off
water flush immediately and then flush the contaminated skin
with water. If this chemical or liquids containing
this chemical penetrate the clothing, promptly
remove the clothing and flush the skin with water.
Get medical attention immediately.
Skin: Soap flush If this chemical contacts the skin, immediately flush
immediately the contaminated skin with soap and water. If this
chemical penetrates the clothing, immediately
remove the clothing and flush the skin with water. If
irritation persists after washing, get medical
attention.
Skin: Soap flush If this chemical contacts the skin, promptly flush
promptly the contaminated skin with soap and water. If this
chemical penetrates the clothing, promptly remove
the clothing and flush the skin with water. If
irritation persists after washing, get medical
attention.
Skin: Soap wash If this chemical contacts the skin, wash the
contaminated skin with soap and water.
Skin: Soap wash If this chemical contacts the skin, immediately wash
immediately the contaminated skin with soap and water. If this
chemical penetrates the clothing, immediately
remove the clothing, wash the skin with soap and
water, and get medical attention promptly.
Skin: Soap wash If this chemical contacts the skin, promptly wash
promptly the contaminated skin with soap and water. If this
chemical penetrates the clothing, promptly remove
the clothing and wash the skin with soap and water.
Get medical attention promptly.
Skin: Water flush If this chemical contacts the skin, flush the
contaminated skin with water. Where there is
evidence of skin irritation, get medical attention.
Skin: Water flush If this chemical contacts the skin, immediately flush
immediately the contaminated skin with water. If this chemical
penetrates the clothing, immediately remove the
clothing and flush the skin with water. Get medical
attention promptly.
Skin: Water flush If this chemical contacts the skin, flush the
promptly contaminated skin with water promptly. If this
chemical penetrates the clothing, immediately
remove the clothing and flush the skin with water
promptly. If irritation persists after washing, get
medical attention.
Skin: Water wash If this chemical contacts the skin, wash the
contaminated skin with water.
Skin: Water wash If this chemical contacts the skin, immediately wash
immediately the contaminated skin with water. If this chemical
penetrates the clothing, immediately remove the
clothing and wash the skin with water. If symptoms
occur after washing, get medical attention
immediately.
Skin: Water wash If this chemical contacts the skin, promptly wash
promptly the contaminated skin with water. If this chemical
penetrates the clothing, promptly remove the
clothing and wash the skin with water. If irritation
persists after washing, get medical attention.
Breath: Fresh air, 100% If a person breathes large amounts of this chemical,
O2 move the exposed person to fresh air at once. If
breathing has stopped, perform artificial respiration.
When breathing is difficult, properly trained
personnel may assist the affected person by
administering 100% oxygen. Keep the affected
person warm and at rest. Get medical attention as
soon as possible.
Swallow: Medical If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical
attention immediately attention immediately.
Bleeding and Wounds Place a clean cloth or gauze and gloved hand
over the wound; apply firm, steady pressure
for at least 5 minutes.
Call 9-1-1 or other emergency personnel if
bleeding is severe.
Elevate an injured arm or leg above the level
of the victim's heart if practical.
When bleeding stops, secure the cloth with a
bandage. Do Not lift the cloth from the wound
to check if bleeding has stopped. Be sure the
bandage is not too tight—it may cut off
circulation.
Check the victim for shock.
Eye Injury
Hold the eyelids apart and flush the eyeball
a. Chemical with lukewarm water for at least 15-30
minutes. Be careful not to let runoff water
flow into the other eye.
Place a gauze pad or cloth over both eyes and
secure it with a bandage.
Get to an eye specialist or emergency room
immediately.
b. Cut, Scratch or Place a gauze pad or cloth over both eyes and
secure it with a bandage.
Embedded Object Do not try to remove an embedded object.
Get to an eye specialist or emergency room
immediately
Self-check 1.1-3
Instructions: Select your answer from the words written inside the
box, then write the chosen answer on your answer sheet.
1. First aid
2. Basic first aid
3. Shock
4. Medical attention immediately
5. Bleeding and wounds
6. Chemical or compressed gas burns
7. Heat or electrical burns
8. Heat stroke
LEARNING OUTCOME #2: SAFE KEEP/DISPOSE TOOLS, MATERIALS AND
OUTFIT
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:
Used tools and outfit are cleaned stored in line with farm procedure
Unused materials labelled and stored according to manufacturer’s
recommendation and farm requirements
Waste materials are disposed according to manufacturers, government
and farm requirements
CONTENTS:
CONDITIONS:
METHODOLOGIES:
Buzz session
Group discussion
Role playing
ASSESSMENT METHODS:
Written examination
Interview
LEARNING EXPERIENCES
PPE stands for personal protective equipment. PPE means any device or
appliance designed to be worn or held by an individual for protection against
one or more health and safety hazards.
When must PPE be used?
The fundamental principle is that personal protective equipment (PPE)
should only be used as a last resort.
The safety and health of employees must be first safeguarded by
measures to eliminate workplace risks at source, through technical or
organisational means (e.g by substituting hazardous chemical) or by
providing protection on a collective basis (e.g providing scaffolding
instead of harnesses).
Collective protective measures covering numbers of employees in a
workplace must have priority over protective measures applying to
individual employees.
If these measures are not sufficient, only then should PPE be used to
protect against the hazards that are unavoidable.
Storing Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
PPE must be stored according to the manufacturer’s instructions. This
is extremely important as leaving PPE lying around increases the risk
of parts deteriorating by exposure to dirt, oil, UV rays, sunlight etc.
STORING CHEMICALS
Storage risks
The key hazards and risks are indicated by the dangerous goods
classification on the label of the container – however the general advice in this
chapter should be followed for all chemicals.
When assessing risk for stored chemicals, consider the following:
The quantity of chemical to be stored and the type of containers (ie in
packages or in bulk)
The duration of storage the dangerous goods class, Packing Group and
other characteristics of the chemicals with respect to toxicity, stability
and compatibility (see the MSDS or supplier)
The separation of chemicals from other classes of dangerous goods. For
example, Class 5 oxidizing agents, such as solid pool chlorine, are
incompatible with many other substances
Spillage control (for liquids)
Fire rating of the structure and walls
Ventilation
Emergency procedures and equipment needed inthe store (consult The
MSDS for information on fires and other emergencies)
The need for control of potential ignition and heat sources
Separation from other stores of chemicals, fuels or combustible materials
Separation distances from other activities and accommodation.
Separation distances, the isolation of spills and suitable emergency procedures
are important control measures even when small quantities of chemicals are
stored for short periods.
Storage design (solids or liquids)
When storing chemicals, consider using a secure separate building, or a
segregated area within a building, with the following features:
Cross flow ventilation
concrete floors with drainage into a sump
concrete door sills
concrete block or concrete walls to a suitable height to provide a
bund
Impervious shelving or spill control trays on shelving
A lockable door to keep dangerous goods secure, or child-proof latch
if no dangerous goods are stored
A clean-up kit for spills
Access to water for washing and cleaning
Location, Security and Access to Storage
When siting a storage area consider the following:
Locating the store or storage area separate from other buildings,
dwellings, storage of foodstuffs or workplaces.
Preventing accidental or unauthorized access to the storage area, such
as keeping the store locked (dangerous goods must be kept secure) or
fitting a child proof latch.
The risks to children and visitors to the workplace who are not familiar
with the hazards of chemicals.
The risks of dangerous goods indicated by the Class and Packing Group
of the chemical stored, and any separation distances required from other
activities or stores (including outdoor bulk tanks, bags and drums of
dangerous goods).
The likelihood of flooding. Flood prone areas and potential water courses
should be avoided. The likely destination of any water and residues from
fire-fighting should also be considered.
Chemicals in Packages
Chemicals should be stored in their original packages. However, if the
package is damaged or leaking, transfer the contents into another
correctly labelled package.
Soft drink bottles or food containers must never be used for storing
chemicals.
Ensure that all original labels remain legible and on the package.
Lighting should be adequate to enable labels to be read.
Containers should be regularly checked. Containers that are leaking or
corroded should be secured by placing in another container, such as an
‘over-drum’, or removed. Always use old stock first.
Keep containers closed or the lids on while in storage. This helps to
reduce dust and/or solvent vapors building up in the storage area.
Do not store liquids above solids
Storage of Packages
Apply the following conditions regardless of the amounts stored:
The storage of flammable or combustible goods must not be near heating
or ignition sources such as a stove, heating appliance, light switches,
welders, or similar ignition sources.
Packages should be kept closed when not in use. Opening a package of
flammable liquid or decanting (pouring) from it should be carried out in
a well-ventilated area, away from potential ignition sources and away
from combustible material or residues.
Flammable liquids must be moved from storage to the point of use in a
manner that minimizes the possibility of spillage or fire.
Flammable and combustible liquids must not be stored or used where
they may jeopardize escape from a building in the event of fire.
Persons who handle flammable and combustible liquids must be trained
in the hazards involved.
Any spillage must be cleaned up immediately and the materials used in
the clean-up must be disposed of properly.
Any materials which may interact dangerously if mixed, such as pool
chlorine or ammonium nitrate fertilizer, must be kept apart to minimize
the possibility of interaction.
Packages must not be pressurized to transfer contents, unless they have
been specifically designed for this.
Packages should be stored on shelves or in cupboards. To reduce the risk
of breakage and spillage, all packages should be stored not higher than 2
m above floor level. Do not keep liquids above solids.
Flammable liquid signs for the storage area are recommended.
Chemical Storage
General Guidelines
Secure storage areas against unauthorized removal of chemicals by
students or others.
Protect the school environment by restricting emissions from stored
reagent chemicals. Vents should be ducted to the outside.
Where possible, storage areas should have two separate exits.
Maintain clear access to and from the storage areas.
Do not store chemicals in aisles or stairwells, on desks or laboratory
benches, on floors or in hallways, or in fume hoods.
Use refrigerators of explosion-proof or explosion-safe design only. Do not
use standard refrigerators to store flammable chemicals. Place NO
FOOD labels on refrigerators used to store chemicals.
Label storage areas with a general hazard symbol to identify hazardous
chemicals and indicate correct firefighting procedures.
Store all reagent chemicals in compatible family groups. Do not
alphabetize.
Store all chemicals at eye level and below. The preferred shelving
material is wood treated with polyurethane or a similar impervious
material. All shelving should have a two-inch lip. If you use shelving with
metal brackets, inspect the clips and brackets annually for corrosion
and replace as needed.
Store chemical reagents prepared in the laboratory in plastic bottles (if
possible and appropriate to the chemical) to minimize the risk of
breakage.
Date containers upon receipt and again when opened.
Attach chemical labels with all necessary information to all containers
When opening newly received reagent chemicals, immediately read the
warning labels to be aware of any special storage precautions such as
refrigeration or inert atmosphere storage.
Check chemical containers periodically for rust, corrosion, and leakage.
Store bottles of especially hazardous and moisture-absorbing chemicals
in chemical-safe bags.
Maintain a complete inventory in the room where the chemicals are
stored, and make a copy available to fire fighters.
Keep storage areas clean and orderly at all times.
Have spill cleanup supplies (absorbents, neutralizers) in any room where
chemicals are stored or used.
Self-check 1.2-1
Instruction: Match Column A with B. Write the letter of your chosen letter on
your answer sheet.
A B
1. B
2. E
3. A
4. C
5. G
6. D
Information 1.2-2
Government Requirement Regarding Farm Waste Disposal
Objective:
At the end of this information sheet the trainee/students must be able to:
1. Know and understand the government requirement regarding
farm waste disposal.
2. Understand the value of proper waste management
The legal definition of "agricultural waste" is:- "waste from premises used for
agriculture within the meaning of the Agriculture Act 1947."
The Agriculture Act 1947 defines "agriculture" as including:-"horticulture, fruit
growing, seed growing, dairy farming and livestock breeding and keeping, the
use of land as grazing land, meadow land, osier land, market gardens and
nursery grounds, and the use of land for woodlands where that use is ancillary
to the farming of the land for other agricultural purposes, and 'agriculture'
shall be constructed accordingly."
The new regulations cover what was previously described as farm waste. This
means that all substances or objects from premises used for agriculture, and
which are discarded by the holder, are
Agricultural waste is any substance or object from premises used for
agriculture or horticulture, which the holder discards, intends to discard or is
required to discard. It is waste specifically generated by agricultural activities.
empty pesticide containers;
old silage wrap;
out of date medicines and wormers;
used tyres;
surplus milk
Government Requirement:
1. REPUBLIC ACT NO. 9003
AN ACT PROVIDING FOR AN ECOLOGICAL SOLID WASTE
MANAGEMENT PROGRAM, CREATING THE NECESSARY
INSTITUTIONAL MECHANISMS AND INCENTIVES, DECLARING
CERTAIN ACTS PROHIBITED AND PROVIDING PENALTIES,
APPROPRIATING FUNDS THEREFOR, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
GENERAL PROVISIONS:
This Act shall be known as the “Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of
2000”.
Declaration of Policies. -- It is hereby declared the policy of the State to
adopt a systematic, comprehensive and ecological solid waste management
program which shall:
Ensure the protection of public health and environment
Utilize environmentally-sound methods that maximize the utilization of
valuable resources and encourage resources conservation and recovery
Ensure the proper segregation, collection, transport, storage, treatment
and disposal of solid waste through the formulation and adoption of the
best environmental practices in ecological waste management excluding
incineration .
Encourage greater private sector participation in solid waste
management;
Institutionalize public participation in the development and
implementation of national and local integrated, comprehensive and
ecological waste management programs;
Strengthen the integration of ecological solid waste management and
resource conservation and recovery topics into the academic curricula of
formal and non-formal education in order to promote environmental
awareness and action among the citizenry.
Information Sheet 1.2-3
Waste Management System
Objective:
After this information sheet the trainee/student must be able to:
1. Know the importance of waste management system.
1. Waste
2. Hazardous waste
3. Hazardous chemical waste
4. Waste management
5. Landfill
6. Recycling
7. Biological processes
8. Hazardous biological waste
9. Waste management