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    Forest and Wildlife Resources

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    Reyaan Modh
    i. The document discusses classifications of forests in India including reserved forests, protected forests, and unclassed forests. Over half of forest land is reserved forests and about a third is protected forests. ii. Communities have conserved forests and wildlife in many ways such as protecting habitats themselves, declaring protected village forests, participating in movements like Chipko, and practicing sustainable agriculture. iii. Conservation projects now focus on overall biodiversity rather than just certain species, protecting habitats of many species and involving local communities.

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    Forest and Wildlife Resources

    Uploaded by

    Reyaan Modh
    36 views2 pages
    i. The document discusses classifications of forests in India including reserved forests, protected forests, and unclassed forests. Over half of forest land is reserved forests and about a third is protected forests. ii. Communities have conserved forests and wildlife in many ways such as protecting habitats themselves, declaring protected village forests, participating in movements like Chipko, and practicing sustainable agriculture. iii. Conservation projects now focus on overall biodiversity rather than just certain species, protecting habitats of many species and involving local communities.

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    i. The document discusses classifications of forests in India including reserved forests, protected forests, and unclassed forests. Over half of forest land is reserved forests and about a third is protected forests. ii. Communities have conserved forests and wildlife in many ways such as protecting habitats themselves, declaring protected village forests, participating in movements like Chipko, and practicing sustainable agriculture. iii. Conservation projects now focus on overall biodiversity rather than just certain species, protecting habitats of many species and involving local communities.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    36 views2 pages

    Forest and Wildlife Resources

    Uploaded by

    Reyaan Modh
    i. The document discusses classifications of forests in India including reserved forests, protected forests, and unclassed forests. Over half of forest land is reserved forests and about a third is protected forests. ii. Communities have conserved forests and wildlife in many ways such as protecting habitats themselves, declaring protected village forests, participating in movements like Chipko, and practicing sustainable agriculture. iii. Conservation projects now focus on overall biodiversity rather than just certain species, protecting habitats of many species and involving local communities.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 2

    UDGAM SCHOOL FOR CHILDREN

    Std. X Social Science (087) Geography (2023-24)


    Ch.2 Forest and Wildlife Resources Notes
    Name: _________________________ Std. / Sec.: _____Roll No.: _____ Date: ________

    Q1. Discuss how forests have been classified in India.


    In India, much of its forest and wildlife resources are either owned or managed by the government
    through the Forest Department or other government departments. The classifications are:
    i. Reserved Forests: More than half of the total forest land has been declared reserved
    forests. Reserved forests are regarded as the most valuable as far as the conservation of
    forest and wildlife resources are concerned.
    ii. Protected Forests: Almost one-third of the total forest area is protected forest, as declared
    by the Forest Department. The forest land are protected from any further depletion.
    iii. Unclassed Forests: These are other forests and wastelands belonging to both government
    and private individuals and communities.

    Q2. State the conservation strategies used by various communities for the protection and
    conservation of forests and wildlife in India.
    OR
    Describe how communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife in India.
    Communities have conserved and protected wildlife and forests in the following ways:
    i. In many areas, villagers themselves are protecting habitats and explicitly rejecting
    government involvement. In Sariska Tiger Reserve, Rajasthan, villagers have fought
    against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act.
    ii. The inhabitants of five villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have declared 1200
    hectares of forests as the Bhairodev Dakav ‘Sonchuri’, declaring their own set of rules and
    regulations which do not allow hunting, and protection against any outside encroachments.
    iii. The famous Chipko movement in the Himalayas has successfully resisted deforestation in
    several areas and has shown that community afforestation with indigenous species can be
    enormously successful.
    iv. Farmers and citizen’s groups like the Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya have
    demonstrated that adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of
    synthetic chemicals are possible and economically viable.
    v. Joint Forest Management programme furnishes a good example for involving local
    communities in the management and restoration of degraded forests.

    Q3. ‘The conversation projects are now focusing on biodiversity rather than on a few of its
    components.’ Explain the statement with appropriate examples.
    i. In the 1960s and 1970s, conservationists demanded a national wildlife protection
    programme. The Indian Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972, with various
    provisions for protecting habitats.
    ii. Subsequently, National Park and Wildlife Sanctuaries were established. But now
    conservation projects are focusing on biodiversity that means protecting various species
    along with their habitant in a specific climatic region.
    iii. In the notification under Wildlife Act of 1980 and 1986, several hundred butterflies,
    moths, beetles, and one dragonfly have been added to the list of protected species.
    iv. In 1991, for the first-time plants were also added to the list, starting with six species.
    v. Participation of community and local people have given a new direction to conservation.

    Std. X / SS / Geography Ch.2 Forest And Wildlife Resources / (2023-24) Page 1 of 2


    Q4. Discuss the main features of the Joint Forest Management (JFM) Programme.
    i. JFM was first introduced by the state of Odisha in 1988.The main purpose of the JFM is to
    protect forests from encroachments, grazing.
    ii. JFM depends on the formation of local (village) institutions that undertake protection
    activities mostly on degraded forest land managed by the Forest Department.
    iii. In return, the members of these communities are entitled to intermediary benefits like non
    timber forest produces and share in the timber harvested by ‘successful protection.’

    Q5. Write a note on Sacred groves.


    i. Nature worship is an age-old tribal belief which has helped in preserving several virgin
    forests in pristine form called Sacred groves. These patches of forests have been left
    untouched by the local people and any interference with them is banned.
    ii. Certain societies reserve a particular tree which they have preserved from time immemorial
    like the peepal and banyan trees.
    iii. The Mundas and the Santhal of Chota Nagpur region worship mahua and kadamba trees,
    and the tribals of Odisha and Bihar worship the tamarind and mango trees during
    weddings.

    Q6. What role was played by the Wildlife Protection Act of 1972 in protecting animal
    habitats in India?
    i. An all-India list of protected species was published. This act banned the hunting of certain
    endangered species and gave legal protection to their habitats, and restricted trade in
    wildlife.
    ii. Many National Parks and Wildlife Sanctuaries were established in which commercial
    activities were forbidden.
    iii. The Central government has also announced several projects like Project Tiger, Project
    Rhino for protecting specific animals. iv. Most recently, the Indian elephant, black buck
    (chinkara), the great Indian bustard (godawan) and the snow leopard have been given full
    or partial legal protection against hunting and trading throughout India.

    Q7. Write a note on good practices towards conserving forest and wildlife.
    i. Conservation of forest and wildlife was prevalent as nature worship among many tribal
    communities and villages. Sacred qualities are often ascribed to springs, mountain peaks,
    plants and animals which are closely protected.
    ii. Large-scale people’s movement like the Chipko Movement in Uttarakhand and the
    Narmada Bachao Andolan in Madhya Pradesh have mobilised the community and has
    become an example of eco-friendly, people friendly movements.
    iii. Development projects should not be conducted at the cost of destruction of forests or at the
    cost of people’s livelihood.

    Q8. How would you differentiate between reserved forests and protected forests?
    Reserved Forests Protected Forests
    i In reserved forests, right to all activities like In protected forest the communities living on the
    hunting, grazing is banned unless specific fringes of the forest do have limited rights to
    government orders are issued. grazing and hunting.
    ii Reserved forests have been given more The same privilege is not extended to protected
    government protection They may be upgraded to forest.
    the status of Wildlife Sanctuary/ National Park.
    iii More than half of the total forest land has been Almost one-third of the total forest area is declared
    declared as reserved forests. as protected forests by the Forest Department.
    iv Madhya Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Andhra Bihar, Haryana, Punjab, Himachal Pradesh,
    Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, West Odisha, and Rajasthan have a bulk of it under
    Bengal, and Maharashtra have large percentage ofprotected forests.
    reserved forests.

    Std. X / SS / Geography Ch.2 Forest And Wildlife Resources / (2023-24) Page 2 of 2

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