537-Cfe Handouts

Loden’s Diversity Wheel
a. Primary Dimension
- age, race, ethnicity, gender, physical ability and sexual orientation.
b. Secondary Dimension
- marital status, income, personal habits, recreational habits, religion, educational background, work
experience, appearance and geographical location.
Mainstreaming
- refers to the children
Inclusion
-
-UDL and Differentiated Instruction

-Assessment, Purpose -Accommodation VS Modification
Accommodation
-
Modification
- Used to describe a change in the curriculum made for students with this ability, who are unable
to comprehend all of the content and instructor is teaching.
-Different theories
Typical
-
Atypical
-Gifted and talented
-Different Disabilities (description, best/appropriate strategies, Accommodation, modification)
-Situational on marginalized groups
A. THE MORAL/ RELIGIOUS MODEL

 It is also considered as the oldest model of disability and is evident in many religious
traditions.
B. THE BIOMEDICAL/ INDIVIDUAL MODEL
 PWDs are seen as persons who are ill and meant to be treated or “made more normal”,
C. THE FUNCTIONAL/ REHABILITATION MODEL
 These deficits the justify the need to undergo rehabilitative intervention such as therapies,
counseling, and the like aim to reintegrating the disabled into society.
D. The Social Model
 that people are disabled by barriers in society, not by their impairment or difference. Barriers
can be physical, like buildings not having accessible toilets. Or they can be caused by people's
attitudes to difference,
E. The Medical Model
 people are disabled by their impairments or differences. The medical model looks at what is
'wrong' with the person, not what the person needs.
F. Right-Based Model
 a framework that bears similarities with the social model. The rights-based approach to
education ensures that all energies are devoted to the realization of each learners’ right to
education.
Philippine Laws for PWDs
• BP 344 (1983) – Accessibility Law
• RA 7277 (1992) – Magna Carta for Disabled Persons RA 10524 (2013) – Amendment of RA 7277
(explaining
the positions reserved for PWDs)
• 1% of all government agencies, offices, corps shall be reserved for PWDs
 RA 10070 (2010) – Amendment of RA 7277 (Implementation of programs and services
for PWDs in every province, city, and municipalities – PDAO Law)
IDEA-Individualized Education Plan
- This is a plan or program developed to ensure that a child with an identified disability who is
attending an elementary or secondary educational institution receives specialized instruction and
related services.
Disability the basis for full inclusion
Common Barriers to Inclusion Principles of UDL
Representation- the recognition network- the what of learning
Action and Expression- Strategic network- the how of learning
Engagement- Affective network – the why of learning
Mainstreaming vs. Inclusive Education Four ways to differentiate instruction and examples
Accommodation and Modification and examples

John Piaget’s Cognitive Development Stage Centration- e.g. a child focusing on the number of pieces
of cake that each person has, regardless of the size of the pieces.
Classification e.g. -they can group objects based on color, shape, or similarities.
Conservation - Conservation is the realization that quantity or amount does not change when nothing has
been added or taken away from an object
Seriation- is a child's ability to group objects based on
height, weight, or importance
Typical Development –Atypical development
Psychosocial domain of development Sociocultural theory visual impairment Low Vision
Adventitious
Congenital
Totally Blind
Communication disorder Learning Disabilities ADHD Physical disabilities Intellectual Disabilities
Strategies for specific disabilities
Marginalization in Education Inclusion
Child labor is work that deprives children of their childhood, their potential and their dignity, and
that is harmful to physical and mental development.
The Philippines has ratified the Minimum Age

Convention,1973 No. 138
- was developed to regulate child labor by setting a minimum age for admission to employment This
Convention came into force on 19 June
1976. The minimum working age was set at 15
years (13 years for light work). For dangerous work, the Convention set the bar for admission
to employment at 18 years (16 years under certain conditions).
Dangerous Work: Child Labor Facts
- Exposure to potentially harmful chemicals or sharp tools, and other dangers that may be less
obvious but no less risky.
- Children are often forced to work long hours with few breaks, which takes a toll on their physical
development.
- Others are abused by their employers, both physically and psychologically.
Root Causes of Child Labor - poverty is a root cause of child labor.

- Families struggle to make ends meets
- lack of decent and
- productive work," said Lawrence Jeff Johnson
- regional financial struggles are a major cause of child labor in the Philippines - globaleconomy
Indigenous People
-They range from the Bontoc and Ifugaos
Child Abuse
- ...all forms of physical and/or emotional ill-treatment, sexual abuse, neglect or negligent
treatment or commercial or other exploitation.
Four types of child maltreatment:
physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional, and psychological abuse and neglect
Child Protection in the Philippines

a. Department of Social Welfare and
Development (DSWD),
b. The Council for the Welfare of Children (CWC)
c. the Committee for the Special Protection of Children (CSPC) based at the Department of Justice,
d. Barangay Community Councils.
The DSWD
- is the primary welfare agency of the government.
- Its role is to set standards, accredit and provide consultative services to public and private
institutions, organizations and persons engaged in
social welfare activities,
- monitor the performance of these bodies and enforce compliance to standards
- provides and regulates residential care, domestic and inter-country adoption and a range of
family based welfare program (PSA and UNICEF 2015).
Refugees or Displaced Children
A refugee is a person who has left the country of their citizenship because they fear persecution over
their race, religion, nationality, beliefs or membership of a particular social group.
An asylum seeker is someone who has left their home country and formally applied for asylum in another
country.
Internally displaced people have also fled their homes for safety. Unlike refugees, they have not
crossed a border and are still within their own country.
Stateless people are those who are not considered to be a legal national of any state. This means they
do not have the nationality of any country.
refugees came from just three countries - Syria, Afghanistan and South Sudan.
Marginalization and Inclusion

Four-step cyclical process that is quite flexible.
Step 1: Opening Doors: Enabling Voices to be heard
Step 2: Looking Closely: Bringing Concerns to the
Surface
Step 4: dealing with marginalization: encouraging inclusive thinking and practice.

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537-Cfe Handouts

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Loden’s Diversity Wheel

-UDL and Differentiated Instruction

A. THE MORAL/ RELIGIOUS MODEL

Accommodation and Modification and examples

The Philippines has ratified the Minimum Age

Dangerous Work: Child Labor Facts

Root Causes of Child Labor - poverty is a root cause of child labor.

Child Protection in the Philippines

Marginalization and Inclusion

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