8.bearing Design
8.bearing Design
8.bearing Design
Bearing Design
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8. Bearing
8.1 General
Bearings are structural devices positioned between the bridge superstructure and
the substructure to transmit loads from the superstructure to substructure, and
accommodate relative movements between the superstructure and the
substructure.
The forces applied to a bridge bearing mainly include superstructure self-weight,
traffic loads, wind loads, and earthquake loads.
• Movements in bearings include translations and rotations.
• Creep, shrinkage, and temperature effects are the most common causes of the
translational movements.
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• Traffic loading, construction Expansion bearings allow
tolerances, and uneven settlement both rotational and
of the foundation are the common translational movements.
causes of the rotations.
8.2 Types of Bearings
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2. Roller Type of Bearing
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2. Roller Type of Bearing
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3. Rocker Type of Bearing
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4. Sliding Bearings a widely used brand of PTFE
•A sliding bearing utilizes one
plane metal plate sliding against
another to accommodate
translations.
•The sliding bearing surface
produces a frictional force that is
applied to the superstructure,
substructure, and the bearing
itself.
•To reduce this friction force, PTFE
(polytetrafluoroethylene) is often
used as a sliding lubricating
material. PTFE is sometimes
referred to as Teflon, named after
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5.1 Plain Elastomer Bearings 5.2 Laminated Elastomeric Bearing
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EXPANSION BEARINGS AND COVER PLATE
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8.3 Design of Steel-Reinforced Elastomeric Bearings
The Method A procedure in LFRD Article 14.7.6 shall be used for steel-
reinforced elastomeric bearings.
The Method B procedure in LRFD Article 14.7.5 may be used for high-capacity
bearings, but only with the approval of the Chief Structures Engineer.
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Consider the following factor when selecting a bearing to use:
Vertical and Horizontal Loads
Translational and Rotational Movements
Available Clearance
Environmental (Corrosion/temperature)
Initial Cost
Maintenance Cost
Availability
Owner’s Preference
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Bearing Capacity of Common Bearings
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Example :- Steel-Elastomer Bearing Design
I. Bearing Pad Configuration:
Pad Length (in the Bridge Longitudinal Direction) = Lpad 450mm
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II. Material Properties
Elastomer Hardness Durometer=60
Elastomer Shear Modulus=G=1.07Mpa
0.7*hi= 0.7*10=7mm
he=4mm
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For rectangular bearing without holes, Shape Factor is:
Shape factor for internal layer=
450 ∗ 380
S 4mm = = 25.8
2 ∗ 4 ∗ 450 + 380
450 ∗ 380
S(10mm) = = 10.3
2 ∗ 10 ∗ (450 + 380)
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V. Check Compressive Stress
Total Service Limit State Load per bearing =Total Serv. Load= 510.28KN
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𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑆𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑖𝑐𝑒 𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑
𝜎𝑠 =
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝐵𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑝𝑎𝑑
510.28∗1000
𝜎𝑠 = = 2.98𝑀𝑝𝑎 = 𝟑𝑴𝒑𝒂
380∗450
1*G*S=1*1.07*10.3=11.021Mpa
𝜎𝑠 ≤ 7𝑀𝑝𝑎 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝜎𝑠 ≤ 1 ∗ 𝐺 ∗ 𝑆
The horizontal movement for this bridge design is based on thermal effects
only.
o Temperature Range (Between Max and Min. Temperatures) = ∆T= 40℃
o Shear deformation of the elastomer at service limit state in the longitudinal direction of the
bridge
o Δsz = ε ⋅ΔT⋅(Lspan)=40*0.0000117*16200=7.58mm
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o Shear deformation of the elastomer at service limit state in the transverse direction of
the bridge
o Δsx = ε ⋅ΔT⋅(Wbridge)=40*0.0000117*8900=4.17mm
o The pad elastomer material (steel plate thickness not included) total thickness must be
twice the expected thermal movement at the bearing.
hiMin = Minimum Allowable Total Elastomer Height >2* ∆𝑠 =17.3mm
Go=1.07Mpa
0.2−0 ∗184.83∗1000∗58
ΔsMax = = 11.72𝑚𝑚
1.07∗450∗380
11.72𝑚𝑚 > ∆𝑠 = 8.65𝑚𝑚 … … … … … . . 𝑂𝐾‼!
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VIII. Check Compressive Deflection
𝛿creep=Cd*𝛿ints=0.35*1.16=0.41mm
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𝛿 int_1_layer= 𝜀 int*h_internal≤0.07h_internal ------------Art. 14.7.6.3.3
𝛿 int_1_layer=0.02*10=0.2mm
0.07h_internal=0.07*10=0.7mm
Lpad/3 =150mm
Wpad/3 =126.67mm
𝒉𝒔 = 𝟒𝒎𝒎
𝟑 ∗ 𝟏𝟎 ∗ 𝟑
𝒉𝒔(𝒂𝒍𝒍𝒐𝒘) = = 𝟎. 𝟑𝒎𝒎
𝟑𝟎𝟎
4mm>0.3mm------------------------------------------------------------OK!!!
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• The thickness of the steel reinforcement, hs, shall satisfy the following:
• At the fatigue limit state:
325.45 ∗ 1000
𝜎𝐿𝐿 = = 1.9𝑀𝑝𝑎
450 ∗ 380
𝒉𝒔 = 𝟒𝒎𝒎
𝟐 ∗ 𝟏𝟎 ∗ 𝟏. 𝟗
𝒉𝒔(𝒂𝒍𝒍𝒐𝒘) = = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟑𝒎𝒎
𝟏𝟔𝟓
4mm>0.23mm--------------------------OK!!!
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