CHAPTER-1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 INTRODUCTION OF COTTON PRODUCTION IN INDIA:

One of mankind’s great discoveries, cotton is one commodity that is available virtually
everywhere – testifying both to its utility, as well as the awe-inspiring impact capitalism, on
human production and consumption. Cotton production in India has focused on textiles for over
thousands of years, generating significant employment for both skilled and unskilled labour thus
helping strengthen the country’s economy.

The cotton sector in India is considered the second most developed sector in the textile
industry (after man-made fibers). At 18% of the global total, India is the world’s largest
producer of cotton. It also has the largest area under cotton cultivation in the world, representing
about 25% of the world’s area under cultivation. The states of Gujarat, Maharashtra, Andhra
Pradesh, Haryana, Punjab, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu are the major
cotton producing areas in India.

1.2 OBJETIVE OF ON THE JOB TRAINING:

 To learn about a career field from the inside and decide if this is the right career field
for the students.
 To go industry knowledge first hand from an organization and professionals.
 To Analysis the financial growth and development of the company.
 To evaluate the performance of the mill in relation to different activities.
 To know about the manufacturing process of the organization.
 To identify the problem faced by the organization.
 To apply some of the ideas learned in colleges and provide a bridge between college
and the professional world.
 To observe the work place and see if it matches expectations.
 To meet new people a practice networking skills which establishing a network of
professional contacts, mentor, and references.
 To study of the profit of the company.
 To study of the problem encountered by the mill.

1
  To offer suitable suggestions on the basis of finding.
 To develop leadership qualities skill.

1.3 IMPORTANCE OF TRAINING:

Training of employees and managers are absolutely essential in this changing

environment. It is an important of HRA which helps in improving the competency of employee.
Training gives a lot of benefits to the employees such as improvement in efficiency and
effectiveness, development of self-confidence and assists everyone in self-management.

The stability and progress of the organization always depend on the training important to
the employees. Training becomes mandatory under each and reduce the wastage to the
minimum. Training and development is also development is also very essential to adapt
according to changing environment.

1.3.1 Importance:
 To know about the function of each section in the organization
 To study of the profit of the company.
 To study of the organization structure of the mill.
 To study the function of various departments in the organization.
 To get an overall idea about the various departments in the organization.
 To understand the organization hierarchy.
 To study the organization structure inter-relations among different department.

1.4 NEED FOR TRAINING:

Every organization should provide training to the entire employee irrespective of their
qualification and skills specifically the need for training arises because of following reason.

1.5 METHODOLOGY:

This study is based on case study observation method. During the two weeks, the trainee
has observed the regular transactions, maintenance of accounts, various manufacturing
departmental functions of Theni Guru Krishna Textile Mills (P) LTD.,

2
1.6 COLLECTION OF DATA:
 Primary data were colleted through making conversation among the officers and
employees.

1.7 PERIOD OF THE STUDY:

The period of “On the Job Training” was between 06.06.2023 to 21.06.2023 During the
period I was trained up.

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 CHAPTER-II

INTRODUCTION

2.1 INTRODUCTION:

Theni Gurukrishna Textile Mills Pvt. Ltd., the textile mill promoted by the ATK Group,
is located in Theni, South India, and was started in 1992. Since then it has strengthened its
production infrastructure spread across spinning, textile processing and weaving, covering
almost full range of the activities of textile industry, from raw cotton to ready to wear garments.

In Spinning, the installed spindle age of the company is 34,000 with more to be added
with ongoing capacity expansion program. We have installed suessen Elite compact spinning
machine to offer compact yarn of various counts. All yarns are wound on the latest Murata 21c
Autoconers. Our new Pieter Open-End Spinning technology has been strengthened with in-built
automatic yarn length and quality monitoring devices. The company has a state of the art yarn
testing facility and is planning to strengthen the quality assurance by adding sophisticated lab
equipments and online monitoring facilities.

 Cotton and Poly Cotton Ring Spinning - 34,000 spindles

 Compact Spinning - 8,100 spindles
 Open End Spinning - 1,800 Rotors (under expansion)
 TFO yarn Doubling division - 1,500 drums

We have also established Polyester Air-Jet Spinning with Murata Jet Spinning
technology and this air-jet division is currently being enhanced with start-of-the-art Murata
Vortex spinning machines.

In weaving division presently fitted with High Speed Dobby and Cam looms 81 projectile
looms (390 to 180 cms width), 75 Ruti C shuttle looms (220,180 & 120 cms) and 4 Air Jet
Piconal (190 cms), 12 Air Jet Tsudokoma (360 cms) and Novapignone Rapier looms (190 cms),
will soon have more modern looms which will enhance its fabric production from the current 3.5
lakh meters a month to 1 million meters. The company also has in house world class Beninger
warping & sizing and processing capacities. This has helped the company to scatter to growing
export market and specialized in industrial fabrics and blankets for medical applications.

4
 We have a world class stitching and Finishing equipped with high utility imported sewing
machines.

 Auto Mechanical cutting for high productivity

 Stitching seat capacity of 300 machines
 High range automatic utility machines
 Fabric Raising Machine

Our processing division includes 150 tones fabric bleaching capacity with 105 inches, 8-
color rotary printing unit.
The company's professionalism in operations, ethical motives and right technology has
enabled it to achieve the scale of operation and cost competitiveness. With years of experience
and expertise, we are confident of offering our customers quality textile product, whether it is
yarn, fabric or the finished garment.

2.2 HISTORY OF COTTON TEXTILE INDUSTRY IN INDIA:

The history of the cotton industry in India dates back millennia. India held a global
monopoly over the manufacturing of cotton textiles for about 3,000 years from 1500 B.C. to
1500 A.D. It served ass an ideal medium of exchange in the barter economy during the ancient
period. During the middle ages, it was exported to Eastern and European markets. This was
followed by the establishment of cotton mills by imperial powers in the modern period.

The first cotton mill in India was established in 1818 at Fort Gloster near Kolkata but was
a commercial failure. The second cotton mill in India was established by KGN Daber in 1854
and was named Bombay Spinning and Weaving Company. This mill is said to mark the true
foundation of the modern cotton industry in India. In Ahmedabad also referred to as the
‘Manchester of India’ the opening of Shahpur mill in 1861 and calico mill iin 1863 marked the
city’s spectacular rise as one of the world’s prime cotton manufacturing locales.

However, the real expansion of the cotton textile industry in India took place in the
1870s. During this period, the number of mills rose to 47 of which over 60% were in Mumbai.
The First and Second World Wars, the Swadeshi Movement and the grant of fiscal protection
rapidly propelled the growth of this industry. As a result, the number of mills increased from
334 in 1926 to 389 in 1939 and to 417 in 1945. Production of cotton cloth also increased from
4,012 million yards in 1939 - 40 to 4,726 million in 1945 – 46.

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2.3 MARKERT SIZE AND GROWTH OF THE COTTON TEXTILE
INDUSTRY IN INDIA

Cotton production in India increased from 119 lakh bales in 1991 - 92 to 345 lakh in
2016 - 17, a growth of 190%. Nearly two - thirds of cotton production in India comes from the
states of Maharashtra, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh and Telangana - collectively known as the cotton
basket of India. In FY 2017, India contributed 26% to total global harvested cotton. It ranked
before china, which supplied 21%. Approximately 62% of India's cotton is produced in rainfed
areas, and 38% on irrigated lands. India grows all four known species of cultived cotton. The
cotton industry in India leans towards apparel exports, contributing approximately 51% to
overall apparel exports in FY 18. Approximately 74% of the apparel exported from India is
made of cotton.

Cotton is freely exportable from India, with major export destinations being US,
Bangladesh, china, Vietnam, Pakistan, Indonesia, Taiwan and Thailand, among others.
Bangladesh has been the largest importer of India cotton since FY 2015. India's cotton exports
are expected to jump 43% to 10 million bales (of 170 kg each) in 2018 - 19; this is due to strong
overseas demand especially from china.

Cotton made-ups ($ 47.03 bn) accounted for 40.10% share in the global trade of cotton
textiles. Meanwhile, cotton fabrics ($ 56.53 bn) and cotton yarns ($ 13.73 bn) accounted for
48.19% and 11.71% of total world trade in these items respectively.

Between Apr - Oct 2018, total textile and clothing exports stood at INR 1.52 tn ($ 21.95
bn). During the same period, exports of raw cotton including waste, cotton yarn, cotton fabrics
and cotton made-ups grew by 26.01%, to $6,893.05 mn from $ 5,470.20 mn.

There is large scope of improvement in the textile industry of India as there liberalization.
There is also a large growth of the organized sector in the Indian textile industries. The foreign
brands along with the collaboration of the Indian companies established business in India. Some
of they are Puma, Armani, Benetton, esprit, Levi Strauss, Hugo Boss, Liz Claiborne, Wal-Mart,
Tommy Hilfiger, Carrefour, Marks & Spencer etc.

6
EXPORTS OF COTTON TEXTILES:

Trends in Cotton Textile Exports

13
11
9
Billon USD

7
5
3
1
2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18
Yarn 4.56 3.94 3.61 3.35 3.42
Fabric 2.2 2.44 2.15 2.05 2.16
Made - ups 4.8 5.05 5.2 5.3 5.13
Total 11.56 11.43 10.96 10.7 10.71

Observed Trends:

 In 2017 - 18, exports of cotton textiles from India marginally increased 0.09% to $ 10.71
bn from $ 10.70 bn in 2016 - 17.
 Exports of cotton yarns grew by 2.08% in value terms during 2017 -18.
 Cotton made - ups showed a decline of (-) 3.20% in value terms.
 Cotton fabrics reported a growth of 5.36% during the fiscal year 2017 - 18.

2.4 ECONOMY CONTRIBUTION:

 India is the world's largest cotton producer, accounting for -38% of global cotton
acreage and -23% of global cotton production.
 It is also the second largest exporter (after the USA) and the second largest consumer
(after china).
 Within the country, Maharashtra has the highest area under cultivation, at 41.2 lakh
ha, followed by Gujarat at 27.1 lakh and Telangana at 17.9 lakh. Together, these
three states account for 72% of the total cotton acreage in the county.

7
  The decline in production has also resulted in a significant decline in the closing stock
of the cotton market in India. It was 8.5 mn bales as on Mar'19, compared to 12.6 mn
during the same period last year. Owing to the increase in cotton prices Vis - a - Vis
other crops like soybean and paddy, acreage is likely to shift towards cotton in 2019 -
20 ($ A estimates 3.2% YOY rise in acreage).
 The cotton market in India is likely to recover from the subdued 2018 - 19 cotton
season, during which yield declined by 11%. Production in 2019 - 20 is estimated to
grow - 17%, as both yield and acreage rebound.

2.5 LATEST DEVELOPMENTS:

According to the 'Ministry of Textiles' Cotton Textiles Export Promotion Council
(TEXPROCIL), there was a 26% growth in cotton textile exports between April - September
2018. TEXPROCIL has also proposed to include cotton yarn, a value - added product, under the
Merchandise Exports from India Scheme (MEIS) to boost the cotton textile industry in India.
Government of India has been rendering support to the cotton textile sector through
initiatives such as Scheme for Integrated Textile Parks (STTP), Integrated Skill Development
scheme (ISDS), Integrated Processing Development Scheme (IPDS), Market Development
Assistance (MDA) and Market Access Initiative (MAI). Another push to Amended Technology
Upgradation Fund Scheme (ATUFS) has been provided under the special package of INR 6,000
cr for the made - ups and garments sector.

2.6 COMPANY PROFILE:

About Theni Guru Krishna Textile Mills Private Limited is a Private incorporated on 20
January 2005. It is classified as Non-government company and is registered at Registrar of
Companies, Chennai. Its authorized share capital is Rs. 50,000,000 and its paid up capital is Rs.
49,800,000. It is involved in Spinning, weaving and finishing of textiles.
Theni Guru Krishna Textile Mills Private Limited's Annual General Meeting (AGM) was
last held on 27 September 2021 and as per records from Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA),
its balance sheet was last filed on 31 March 2021.
Directors of Theni Guru Krishna Textile Mills Private Limityed are Thathaya
Krishnasamy Ponray, Ramasamy Krishnamoorthy, Subbiah Rajasekar, Ponraj Lakshmiraj,
Srinivasan Jaganiwas, Ramasamy Thathaya Krishnasamy and Thathaya Krishnasamy Srinivasan.

8
 Theni Guru Krishna Textile Mills Private Limited's Corporate Identification Number is
(CIN) U17111TN2005PTC055188 and its registration number is 55188. Its Email address is
accounts@atktextiless.com and its registered address is 207-B, BYE PASS ROAD
UNJAMPATTY VILLAGE THENI DISTRICT TN 625531 IN.
Current status of Theni Guru Krishna Textile Mills Private Limited is - Active.

Company profile of Theni Guru Krishna Textile Mills Private Limited

Company Name Theni Guru Krishna Textile Mills Private Limited

Year of Establishment 1992

CIN U17111TN2005PTC055188

Address 207-Bye Pass Road, Unjampatty Village, Theni - District,

Tamilnadu, India.

Company Action Status Action

Legal Representative S. Rajasekar

Contact Person Mr. Subbiah Rajasekar

Contact Number 04546-253985,253995.

Company Category Company Limited by Shares

Company Sub Category Non-government Company

Class of Company Private

Date of Incorporation 20 January 2005

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Age of Company 18 Years, 5 Month, 21 Days

Activity Spinning, weaving and finishing of textiles.

ROC ROC-Chennai

Registration Number 55188

Authorised capital 50,000,000

Paid up capital 49,800,000

Number of Employees 1,000 - 5,000

Listing status Unlisted

Date of Last Annual 27 September 2021

General meeting
Date of Latest Balance 31 March 2021
Sheet

Nature of Business Manufacture

Types of Industry Cotton Fabrics, Grey Fabrics, Yarn

Annual Sales Range US $ 10 Million - US $ 50 Million

Market North America

City Theni district

State Tamilnadu

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Country India

8:30 am - 4:30 pm
Shift Time 4:30 pm - 12:30 am
12:30 am - 8:30 am

2.7 ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE:

Managing Director

Assistant Managing Director

Director

General Manager

Purchase Manager

Supervisor

Workers

2.8 MISSION
 Be the leader in quality yarn production.
 Implementing a worker friendly environment.
 Be the leader innovation and research & development.
 Selling goods at lowest possible price.
2.9 VISION
 Aim to become a world-class company.
 Enter into the international company with wide ranging value added products by
implementing strategies and employing the resources.

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  Optimum use of R&D to improve quality and to give a better value for the money of the
customer.

CHAPTER-III
DEPARTMENTATION

3.1 MEANING OF DEPARTMENTAION:

Departmentation is the process which is used to provide the group of business activities
into different units for the process of efficient administration at all levels. The process of
dividing and grouping the work to be done and assigning different duties and responsibility of
the business people. In other words. The total activities of the business are divided into number
of functional and each is entrusted with a particular type of business activity.

3.2 PROCESS OF DEPARTMENT:

 Identification of work and fixed scope of authority and responsibility of department heads
 Analysis of details of cash transactions.
 Description of the function of the organs action.
 Entrusting the function to separate person who has specialized in the respective field and
providing him with suitable staff.

3.3 FUNCTIONS OF DEPARTMENT:

 Production Department
 Purchase Department
 Sales Department
 Store Department
 Finance Department
 Packing Department
 Personnel department
 Human resource Department
 R&D Department

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3.4 PRODUCTION DEPARTMENT:
Production is the important factor of management production is the foundation of all
kinds of the economic activities. It is the Master key this production is the process of
transforming input output scale. The process to product will be carried out in this department.
In the production department various counts of 205, 40s, 80s, there bottoms are process though
machines for opening. Pacifying and short hog fibers then brining regularity of material.

3.4.1 PRODUCTION PROCESS

Production is the function area responsible for turning input into finished output through
a serious of production process. It undertakes, planning, organization, coordination and control
of the production process be at the right time in right quality and at the right cost.

3.4.2 PRODUCTS
 Ring spun 100% cotton yarn normal / organic
 Count range 6s to 30s and 2/6s to 2/30s
 Combed knitting yarn - 6s to 30s
 Semi combed knitting yarn - 6s to 30s
 Doubled and ply yarn like 3/20s and 4/24s

3.4.3 PRODUCTION DEPARTMENT CONSISTS OF

 Production Manager
 Assistant Spinning Master
 Quality Control Master
 Shift Supervisor
 Master

3.4.4 STAGES FOR PRODUCTION

 Cultivation and Harvesting
 Preparatory processes

13
  Spinning
 Weaving
 Finishing
 Marketing
3.4.5 OBJECTIVE OF PRODUCTION ORDER

 Provides information about the

 Production design

 Desired output

 Time by which product is to be produced

 Duration of various activities

 Providing basis for evaluation the performance

 Production process in terms in quality, time

 Help in operation of production control

3.4.6 PRODUCT ORIENTATION

A firm employee a product orientation is chiefly concerned with the quality of this own
product. A firm would also assume that long as its product was high standards, people would buy
and consume the product, this work most effectively when the firm has good insights about
customers and their need and desires.

3.5 PURCHASE DEPARTMENT

A business unit is established for the production and distribution of good services
production management. Undertakes planning, organization direction, coordination and control
of the production process be produced at the right time in right quality and at the right cost.

3.5.1 PURCHASE PRODUCT

 Yam

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  Yarn dyeing
 Grey fabrics
 Home textiles
 Spreads and blankets

3.5.2 MARKETING DEPARTMENT

Marketing management refers to identification of consumer’s needs and supplying their
service which can satisfy these works.

Marketing Manager

Region Manager

Marketing Executive

Agents
It involves the following activities:

Marketing may search to determine the need and except of consumers.

 Planning and developing suitable products.
 Setting appropriate prices
 Select the right channel of distribution.
 Promotional activities like adder testing and salesmanship to communication with the
customer purchase and stores purchase.

The Marketing department creates the reports for strategic planner, marketing executives
and export managers whose primary concern is to market the var manufactured at high returns.

15
 With the globalization of this market, managers can no longer be contented with a local
view. Nor can manager ne contented with a out of data statistics that appear several years after
the fact.

The report begins by summarizing the world’s exporter’s market for yarn. The total level
export on a worldwide basis is based on a model that aggregates across over 150 key country
markets and aggressive market. The main markets of the year produced by the Theni
Gurukrishna Textile Mills private Limited are the following;

 Erode
 Madurai
 Thiruchencode
 Delhi

The products are exported to USA, Switzerland and China.

Marketing Director
Advertising Agency

Advertising Brand
Sales Promotion Research
Managemen

3.6 Marketing Orientations

An orientation in the marketing context relates to perception of attitude a firm towards its
product or service, essentially consumers and end user. There exit several common orientations.
 Product Orientation
 Sales Orientation
 Producing and marketing Orientation

16
 The marketing orientation is perhaps the most common orientation used in contemporary
marketing it involves a firm essentially basing its marketing plans around the marketing concept,
and thus forgiving products to suit new consumers tastes.
As an example firm would employ market research to gauge consumer devices, R&D to a
good attuned to the revealed information, and then utilize promotion techniques to ensure
persons know the good exits. The marketing orientation on has the prime factors which are;
 Customer Orientation
 Organizational Orientation
 Mutually Beneficial Exchange

3.7 SALES DEPARTMENT

The organization of the sales department will depend of course upon the size of the
company and the business. Then principles underlying its organization remain much the same.
However, the nature of the organization depends somewhat upon whether the salesman travels
out of office or firm divisional headquarters or branches. It the letter case there will be a general
sales manager at headquarters who exercises supervision over the branch sales manager.

3.7.1 The function of sales volume department on the company:

 To increase the sale volume considering a period of time
 To find appropriate agencies to carry out the sales activities
 To help marketing department in meet the sales volume forecasted by then
 To analyses the demands of markets
 To study the consumer’s and explore new market and the process begins again attract
and retain customers, etc.,

3.7.2 Objective of the sales Department

 To objective of the sales department
 To analysis the market potential
 To analysis the products over demand
 To take delivery control measures
 To achieve sufficient contribution of through minimization of cost selling.

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3.8 STORE DEPARTMENT
Storage is the function of receiving and issuing materials. It involves the supervision of
raw materials. It involves the supervision of raw material and ensures they due maintained in
good condition store plays a vital role in the operations of a company. It is direct conduct with
the user department in its day to day activities.
These most important objectives of store are to provide is located nearer to the production
with to save material cost in as effective manner. Store are not meant for stocking and otherwise
purchased materials alone semi-finished goods, spared and consumable are also kept in stores.
3.8.1 Functions of store section
 Management of receipts
 Issue control on material
 Documentation received
 Inspection of materials
 Computerization of the data received from the department
 Conditional of material
 Physical verification of stores
3.8.2 Objective of store department
 Receiving Handing, and issuing goods economically and efficiently.
 Using the storage available space and labour effectively.
 Production of all good in stores again all losses. Fire, theft, and obsolescence.
 Facilitating inventory taking from time to time by the internal audit department.
 Facilitation ordering of required matter.
 Minimizing the investment in inventories
 Maintaining regular supply of raw materials.
3.8.3 FINANCIAL DEPARTMENT

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 Financial Manager

Assistant Manager

Accounts

Financial Management is that part of the management which the concerned with the
planning, directing and controlling of all activities relating to procurement and utilization of the
financial resources of an enterprise for business process. Finance is a more important of every
business firm to run production and marketing activities. So finance is life blood of the company.
In the company finance to organize activities may be create under the direct control of the board
of directors.
In this department the head is finance manager. The manager financials policy matters
will be decided by the finance committee while routine activation hare delegated to lower levels.
The finance department is responsible for the financial functions and activities of the council and
for the administration of the council’s fiscal policy. The gross profit and net profit are increasing
throughout the study period. There is a steady increase in the production and sales of the
company.

3.9.1 Source of Funds

 Deposits from promoters/ directors
 Financial institutions
 Loans from banks

3.9.2 Financial Statements may be used by user for different purpose

Employee also needs these reports in marketing collective bargaining agreements with
management, in the case of labour unions or for individuals in discussing their compensation,

19
promotion and rankings. Government entities (tax authorities) need financial statements to
ascertain their compensation, promotion and ranking
Media and the general public are also interested in the financial statements for a variety
of reasons. Finance department is running with the help of efficient and experienced manager.

3.9.3 Funds Utilization

The funds raised through the above ways.
 Repayment of loans
 Acquisition of fixed assets, immovable properties
 Production, and distributing activities
 Investments
 Reserve fund creation
 Payment of taxes

3.9.4 Accounting System

The company is using “Tally exp” module version 9 accounting software for its accounts
maintenance. Also the company has developed its own separate software for wages inventor
(both raw materials and stores).
All the transaction is recorded in the respective book such as;
 Sales Book
 Purchase Book
 Cash Book
The major activities of accounting section includes
 Annual report generation
 Fund management
 Interaction with bankers
 Marketing of payrolls and cash registered.

3.9.5 Function provided by finance manager

 Balance sheet
 Profit & Loss Account
 Cash Flow Statement
 Analysis of Sales varies

20
  Statement of sales, Production and capacity utilization
 Statement regarding raw materials and process chemical varies.
Finance manager lead the financial department the accounts are prepared and
depreciation of calculated for the years. The finance manager prepared the financial statement to
know the financial position of the company.

3.10.1 PACKING DEPARTMENT

Packing is mostly important in the department. The final process is packing of the
product. There is only done with help of a machine. Finally, the packing complete the product is
sending for the delivery in the changed functionally packing process in the cotton yarn, home
textile product in the mills. The good is delivered by the ATK Million before the due date. The
goods are mostly delivered through truck, The necessary details are mentioned by the company
as show on the sample record in the packing details.

3.10.2 PERSONNEL DEPARTMENT

Personal department is really the management of personal at work. It is the science
planning, organizing as controlling the various function of procuring, developing and utilizing
the labour force for the process of contributing a lot towards.

 Employer and Employee Relationship

 Employee and Employer Relationship

3.10.3 Activities
Personal department is the department which works for the labour welfare activities.
Personal department takes care of the workers and various facilities have been provided to the
workers.
 To arrange the recruited persons in places.
 To arrange the training program for all employees.
 To take step regarding labour welfare measures.

3.10.4 Function of Personal Department

 Recruitment
 Selection Process

21
  Training
 Testing
 Welfare facilities
 Wage and salary administration
 Incentives

3.10.5 Recruitment
In the industry the workers selection on the basis of
 Educational Qualification
 Experience
 Technical Knowledge
3.10.7 Selection Process
Depending on the performance in the interview the selection is made. The selection
procedure is done in 3 levels
 Low level of Employees
 Middle level of Employees
 Top level o Employees

3.10.8 Training
The Human resource thus obtained on their trained on their job profile re – training to the
worker. The training programmers are arranged once in a year to the new workers.

3.10.9 Welfare Facilities

Welfare facilities are essential for the physical, social and moral will being of the
employee and needed for the well-being inside and outside of work spot. Proper welfare measure
indirectly insists the worker or employee to perform better filed or productivity.
It the cotton welfare arrangement includes medical facilities recreation facility. Canteen
restroom, transport facility etc.

3.11 HUMAN RESOURCE DEPARTMENT

In organization, human resource is important to determine both current and future

organizational requirement for the both core employees and the contingent workforce in their
skills/technical abilities, competencies, flexibility etc. The analysis requires consideration of all

22
internal and external factors that can have an effect on the resourcing, development, motivation
and retentisson of employees and other workers. The external factors are those largely out – with
the control of the organization and include issues such as the economic
Climate, current and future trends of the labour maker. On the other hand internal
influences are broadly within the control of the organization culture underpinned by management
behaviors (or style) environment climate and the approach to Ethical and corporate social
responsibilities.

3.11.1 Characteristics of Human Resources Management

 Comprehensive function
 People – Oriented
 Action – Oriented
 Individual – Oriented
 Development – Oriented
 Pervasive – Oriented
 Challenge – Oriented

3.11.2 Objectives of Human Resources Management

 To help the organization to attain its goals by providing well trained and well employees.
 To Employee the pipes and knowledge of employees efficiently and effectively.
 To bring about maximum individual development of members of the organization
training and development

3.11.3 Frame Work

Human resources development is a frame work for the expansion of human capital within
an organization or a municipality, region, or nation, Human resources development is a
combination of training and education in a board context of adequate and employment policies
that ensure the continual improvement and growth of the individual the organization, and the
national human resourcefulness.

3.11.4 Human Resource Project Description

This project contains the following module. They are,
 Attendance details

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  Shift schedule details
 Employee details
 Payroll
 Training details
 Report
The main reason for computerization is to make the tasks automated so the effective report can
be taken at any time.

3.11.5 Employee Attendance Details

These modules manage all employee attendance details. In attendance module, it contains
employee ID, No of working days, No of present, and leave days.

3.11.6 Employee Detail

This module manages the details of an employee; it contains employee’s official details
and contract details and official details include employee ID, Employee name, Destination of
employee, date of joining, Date of birth, and Sex, Contact details include address, pin code,
mobile number and e-mail Id of employee.

3.11.7 Shift schedule Details

This module will manage the details of shift schedules. It includes shift number, shift
hours, no of workers in shift, shift schedule.

3.11.8 Payroll Particulars

This module will help to prepare payroll presentation. It includes employee name,
designation, basic pay, dearness allowance, travel allowance, house rent allowance, medical
allowance, provident fund, net salary.

3.11.9 Employee Training Details

This module will manage the details of employee’s training details. It includes employee
name, qualification, department, designation, experience, trainer name, special skill level.

3.11.10 Report
There are different types of report generated here. These reports are generated using data
report.

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3.12 R&D Department
R&D has a special economic signification apart from its conventional association with
scientific and technological development. R&D Investment generally reflects a government or
organization willingness to forgo current operations or profit to improve future performance or
returns, and its abilities to counted research and development.
Research and development is nowadays of great importance in business as the level of
competition, production, process and methods and methods are rapidly increasing. It is so special
importance in the field of marketing where companies keep an eagle eye on competitors and
customers in order.

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 CHAPTER-IV
PRODUCTION PROCESS

4.1 PRODUCTION PROCESS

Production is the most important function of the management. Production is the
foundation of all kind of the economic activities. With its strict operation principals the company
manufacturers yarns of the following specification as ordered by the buyer/seller yarns. Ring
spun 100% cotton yarn normal/ organic
 Count range 6s to 30s and 2/6 to 3/30s
 Combed knitting yarn-6s to 16s
 Semi combed knitting yarn-6s to 30s
 Doubled and ply yarn like 3/30s and 4/2s
 Slob yarn -6s to 30s

COUNT= Thickness of the yarn produced from cotton

Count >>= Yarn Thickness <<

4.2 Manufacturing Process

With the turnover of around above 10 millions every yarn, we have equipped with the
latest technology, machines and devices. We are completely dependent capable of processing
500000kgs every month (approximately 1000 bags). Some of the machinery installed in our
manufacturing unit comprises of the following.
 Blow room unit
 Spinning unit
 Winding unit
 Packaging unit

4.3 Blow room unit

Blow room installation consists of a sequence of different to carry out the above said
operations. Moreover since the tuft size of cotton becomes smaller and smaller, the required
intensities of processing necessities different configuration.

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Basic Operation in Blow room
 Opening / cleaning
 Mixing / Blending
 Microdots removal
 Uniform feed to the caring machines
 Recycling the waste

Opening in blow room means opening into small flocks. Technological operation of
opening means the volume of the flock is increased while the number of fibers remains constant.
I.e. the specific density of the material is reduced.
The larger the dirt partial, the better they can be removed since almost every blow room
machine can opening shatter partials, as far as possible a lot of impurities immediately be
cleaning, if possible in the same machine. Cleaning is made difficult if the impurities of dirty
cotton are distributed through all the preceding stages.

4.4 Spinning
Spinning is a major industry; it is a part of the textile manufacturing process where three
type of filer are converted into yarn, then filer, which undergo finishing process such as
bleaching to become textile. The textiles are then fabricated into cloths or other products. There
are three industry processes available to spin yarn and a handicraft community who use hand
spinning techniques. Spinning is the trusting together of drawn into strands of fits to yarn trough
it is colloquially used to describe process of drawing out, inserting the tourist and winding into
bowfins.

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 Hand spinning was a cottage industry in midlevel Europe, where the wool spinners would
provide enough yarn to operate the loom.
The introduction of the flying shuttle upset this balance. The subsequent Invention of the
spinning jenny water power to operate the machinery. The British government was very
protective of this technology, restricting it import. The next back through was with the walk off
to break or open and opening and then the cooption of actual fibers.
The spinning machines take the roving thins it and twist, creating yarn which in winds on
to a bobbin. This term “spinning” is sometimes is used to donate this final process in the
production of the yarn. This involves attenuating (stretching) the yarn to the required tax. There
by giving the thread strength by adding twist and winding it on to a bobbin.

There are two main methods

 Mule spinning
 Ring spinning

4.5 MULE SPINNING

The MULE was development by Samuel Crompton form the “jenny”. In mule spinning
the roving is pulled of a bobbin and fed through some rollers, which are feeding at several
different speeds. This time the roving at a consist rate. If the roving was not a consistent size,
then this step could cause a break in the yarn, or could jam the machine. The yarn is twisted
through the spinning of the bobbin as the carriage moves out, and is rolled on to a spinning.

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  Pieces would mend broken threads and
 Doffers would remove the full cops
Doffing is a separate process. The attendant winds down the ring rails to the bottom. The
thread stops. The tread guides are hinged up. Removing the bobbing coils thread around the
spindle, and placing the new bobbin on the spindle on the spindle firmly traps the thread between
it and the cup in the wharf of the spindly.

4.6 Ring spinning

Ring spinning is a method of spinning fibbers such as cotton, flex or wool, to make a
yarn, the ring frame. Developed from the throttle frame. Ring spinning is a continuous process,
unlike mule spinning which used an intermittent action. In ring spinning, the roving is first
attenuated by using drawing roller, then spun and wound.

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 Around a rotating spindle which in its turn is contained within an independently rotating
ring flyer. Traditional ring frames only be used for the coarser coarse counts- but they could be
attended by semi-skilled labor.

4.7 Simplex
In this process the output of drawing is drafted, twisted to make rowing bobbin form. In
simplex section, silver is fed and roving is produced. Finisher silver is drafted and very low twist
is inserted to form roving. Roving final preparatory shape of yarn in back process stage, this will
be converted into yarn in thing department.

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4.8 Winding
Ring spinning produces yarn in a package from called cops. Since cops from ring frames
are not suitable for further processing, the winding process serves to achieve additional
objectives made necessary by the requirement of the subsequent processing stages.

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4.9 Package
List of the package hour and minute hands on a mechanical clock, the traveler, and the
spindle share the same axis but travel at different speeds. The spindles travel faster. The bobbin
is fixed on the spindle. In a ring a frame, the different speed was achieved by drag caused by air
resistance and friction. The spindles rotate at 1000 to 1200 goods package. This spins the yarn.

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 CHAPTER V
FINDINGS & CONCLUSION

5.1 FINDING
The problems are identified in the following areas:
 Scarcity of labour
 Power shortage which affects the production process.
 Transaction costs & power tariff more.
 Lead times poor compared international standards.
 Some fibers are not indigenously made, hence are imported, thus adding to the cost of
production

5.2 CONCLUSION
This institutional training program has gained me a more knowledge about the production
process of spinning mills. It gives me a clear knowledge on the textile industry, their problems,
their duties, responsibilities.

It was an experience of Training in THENI GURU KRISHNA TEXTILE MILLS.

I felt happy for the Training undergone to get a practical experience which is more
helpful to develop my practical skills in commerce field.

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