2024 INSC 197 REPORTABLE

IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA

CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION

CRIMINAL APPEAL NO. 1511 OF 2024

(@ SPECIAL LEAVE PETITION (Crl.) No.2874 OF 2023)

DABLU KUJUR …APPELLANT(S)

VERSUS

THE STATE OF JHARKHAND …RESPONDENT(S)

JUDGMENT

BELA M. TRIVEDI, J.

1. Leave granted.

2. The appellant-accused, by way of the present appeal has challenged

the impugned judgment and order dated 17.01.2023 passed by the

High Court of Jharkhand at Ranchi in B.A. No.11895 of 2022,

whereby the High Court has dismissed the said application seeking

his release on bail in respect of the FIR being Sukhdeonagar P.S.

Case No.-238/2022 dated 30.05.2022 registered for the offences

Signature Not Verified

under Sections 302, 120-B/34 of IPC and Section 25(1-B) A/26/27/35

Digitally signed by
RAVI ARORA
Date: 2024.03.12
17:22:06 IST
Reason:

of the Arms Act.

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3. During the course of arguments, it was apprised to the Court that the

trial is at the fag end and almost all the witnesses have been

examined by the prosecution except one witness.

4. In view of the above, we are not inclined to release the appellant on

bail, more particularly, when the trial is at the fag end.

5. Before parting, it may be noted that on 17.07.2023, this Court

(Coram- Mr. Justice Sanjiv Khanna and Ms. Justice Bela M. Trivedi)

had passed the following order: -

“The learned counsel for the State of Jharkhand states that

Sections 34 and 120B of the Indian Penal Code, 1860 have been
SLP(Crl.) No. 2874/2023 invoked against the petitioner - Dablu
Kujur.
Having gone through the chargesheet, we must observe that
it is bereft of any details and particulars. The Director General of
Police (DGP), State of Jharkhand will examine whether the said
chargesheet is in accordance with law, and if such chargesheets
are being filed, appropriate steps should be taken in compliance
with the relevant provisions of the Code of Criminal Procedure,
1973. The DGP, State of Jharkhand will file an action report within
a period of four weeks from today.
We are told that similar chargesheets bereft of details and
particulars are being filed in the States of Bihar and Uttar
Pradesh. A copy of this order will also be sent to the relevant
DGPs for the States of Bihar and Uttar Pradesh, who will submit
their respective reports on the steps taken by them within four
weeks from today.
Keeping in view the facts of the present case, we are inclined
to direct the trial court to examine the public witnesses within a
period of four months from today, without fail. Status report along
with copy of the order sheets will be filed immediately upon
completion of four months.
List for consideration and orders in the first half of December
2023”.

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6. In compliance with the said order, the affidavits are filed on behalf of

the State of Jharkhand, Uttar Pradesh and Bihar with regard to the

steps taken/being taken by them for submitting the

Chargesheets/Police Reports in accordance with law.

7. The Police Report submitted by the police under Section 173(2) being

very important piece of document from the view point of the

prosecution, the defence and the court, we deem it necessary to

elaborately deal with the various aspects involved in the said

provision. For the reasons stated hereinafter, we are of the opinion

that it is incumbent on the part of the Investigating Officer to strictly

comply with the requirements of the said provisions, as non-

compliance thereof gives rise to many legal issues in the court of law.

8. As per Section 2(r) of Cr.P.C, “Police Report” means a report

forwarded by a Police Officer to a Magistrate under sub-section (2) of

Section 173.

9. Section 173 reads as under: -

“173. Report of police officer on completion of investigation. —

(1) Every investigation under this Chapter shall be completed

without unnecessary delay.

[(1A) The investigation in relation to [an offence under sections

376,376A, 376AB, 376B, 376C, 376D, 376DA, 376DB or 376E]
from the date on which the information was recorded by the
officer in charge of the police station.]

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(2) (i) As soon as it is completed, the officer in charge of the police
station shall forward to a Magistrate empowered to take
cognizance of the offence on a police report, a report in the form
prescribed by the State Government, stating—

(a) the names of the parties;

(b) the nature of the information;

(c) the names of the persons who appear to be acquainted

with the circumstances of the case;

(d) whether any offence appears to have been committed

and, if so, by whom;

(e) whether the accused has been arrested;

(f) whether he has been released on his bond and, if so,

whether with or without sureties;

(g) whether he has been forwarded in custody under section

170.

(h) whether the report of medical examination of the woman has

been attached where investigation relates to an offence under 2
[ sections 376,376A, 376AB, 376B, 376C, 376D, 376DA, 376DB]
or section 376E of the Indian Penal Code (45 of 1860)].]

(ii) The officer shall also communicate, in such manner as may

be prescribed by the State Government, the action taken by him,
to the person, if any, by whom the information relating to the
commission of the offence was first given.

(3) Where a superior officer of police has been appointed under

section 158, the report shall, in any case in which the State
Government by general or special order so directs, be submitted
through that officer, and he may, pending the orders of the
Magistrate, direct the officer in charge of the police station to
make further investigation.

(4) Whenever it appears from a report forwarded under this

section that the accused has been released on his bond, the
Magistrate shall make such order for the discharge of such bond
or otherwise as he thinks fit.

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 (5) When such report is in respect of a case to which section 170
applies, the police officer shall forward to the Magistrate along
with the report—

(a) all documents or relevant extracts thereof on which the

prosecution proposes to rely other than those already sent to the
Magistrate during investigation;

(b) the statements recorded under section 161 of all the persons
whom the prosecution proposes to examine as its witnesses.

(6) If the police officer is of opinion that any part of any such
statement is not relevant to the subject-matter of the proceedings
or that its disclosure to the accused is not essential in the
interests of justice and is inexpedient in the public interest, he
shall indicate that part of the statement and append a note
requesting the Magistrate to exclude that part from the copies to
be granted to the accused and stating his reasons for making
such request.

(7) Where the police officer investigating the case finds it

convenient so to do, he may furnish to the accused copies of all
or any of the documents referred to in sub-section (5).

(8) Nothing in this section shall be deemed to preclude further

investigation in respect of an offence after a report under sub-
section (2) has been forwarded to the Magistrate and, where
upon such investigation, the officer in charge of the police station
obtains further evidence, oral or documentary, he shall forward
to the Magistrate a further report or reports regarding such
evidence in the form prescribed; and the provisions of sub-
sections (2) to (6) shall, as far as may be, apply in relation to such
report or reports as they apply in relation to a report forwarded
under sub-section (2)”.

10. The procedure for investigation has been laid down in Section 157 of

Cr.P.C. which states inter alia that if from the information received or

otherwise, an officer in charge of a police station has reason to

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suspect the commission of an offence which he is empowered under

Section 156 to investigate, he shall forthwith send a report of the same

to a Magistrate empowered to take cognizance of such offence upon

a police report and shall proceed in person, or shall depute one of his

subordinate officers to proceed, to the spot, to investigate the facts

and circumstances of the case, and, if necessary, to take measures

for the discovery and arrest of the offender. Such report would be in

the nature of preliminary report. As per Section 169, upon the

completion of the investigation, if it appears to the officer in charge of

the police station that there is not sufficient evidence or reasonable

ground of suspicion to justify the forwarding of the accused to a

Magistrate, such officer shall, if such person is in custody, release him

on his executing a bond, with or without sureties, as such officer may

direct, to appear, if and when so required, before the Magistrate

empowered to take cognizance of the offence on a police report, and

to try the accused or commit him for trial. Section 170 deals with the

cases to be sent to Magistrate when evidence is sufficient. The

relevant part of Section 170(1) reads as under: -

“170. Cases to be sent to Magistrate, when evidence is

sufficient.—(1) If, upon an investigation under this Chapter, it
appears to the officer in charge of the police station that there is
sufficient evidence or reasonable ground as aforesaid, such
officer shall forward the accused under custody to a Magistrate
empowered to take cognizance of the offence upon a police
report and to try the accused or commit him for trial, or, if the
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 offence is bailable and the accused is able to give security, shall
take security from him for his appearance before such Magistrate
on a day fixed and for his attendance from day to day before such
Magistrate until otherwise directed.”

11. Section 172 pertains to the Diary of proceedings in investigation,

which requires every police officer making an investigation under

Chapter XII Cr.P.C. to enter his proceedings in the investigation in a

diary day by day. Sub-section (IA) of Section 172 requires that the

statements of the witnesses recorded during the course of

investigation under section 161 have to be inserted in the case diary;

and sub-section (1B) of Section 172 requires that such diary shall be

a volume and duly paginated.

12. We are more concerned with Section 173(2) as we have found that

the investigating officers while submitting the chargesheet/Police

Report do not comply with the requirements of the said provision.

Though it is true that the form of the report to be submitted under

Section 173(2) has to be prescribed by the State Government and

each State Government has its own Police Manual to be followed by

the police officers while discharging their duty, the mandatory

requirements required to be complied with by such officers in the

Police Report/Chargesheet are laid down in Section 173, more

particularly sub-section (2) thereof.

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13. It may be noted that though there are various reports required to be

submitted by the police in charge of the police station before, during

and after the investigation as contemplated in Chapter XII of Cr.P.C.,

it is only the report forwarded by the police officer to the Magistrate

under sub-section (2) of Section 173 Cr.P.C. that can form the basis

for the competent court for taking cognizance thereupon. A

chargesheet is nothing but a final report of the police officer under

Section 173(2) of Cr.P.C. It is an opinion or intimation of the

investigating officer to the concerned court that on the material

collected during the course of investigation, an offence appears to

have been committed by the particular person or persons, or that no

offence appears to have been committed.

14. When such a Police Report concludes that an offence appears to

have been committed by a particular person or persons, the

Magistrate has three options: (i) he may accept the report and take

cognizance of the offence and issue process, (ii) he may direct further

investigation under sub-section (3) of Section 156 and require the

police to make a further report, or (iii) he may disagree with the report

and discharge the accused or drop the proceedings. If such Police

Report concludes that no offence appears to have been committed,

the Magistrate again has three options: (i) he may accept the report

and drop the proceedings, or (ii) he may disagree with the report and
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 taking the view that there is sufficient ground for proceeding further,

take cognizance of the offence and issue process, or (iii) he may

direct further investigation to be made by the police under sub-section

(3) of Section 1561.

15. The issues with regard to the compliance of Section 173(2) Cr.P.C.,

may also arise, when the investigating officer submits Police Report

only qua some of the persons-accused named in the FIR, keeping

open the investigation qua the other persons-accused, or when all the

documents as required under Section 173(5) are not submitted. In

such a situation, the question that is often posed before the court is

whether such a Police Report could be said to have been submitted

in compliance with sub-section (2) of Section 173 Cr.P.C. In this

regard, it may be noted that in Satya Narain Musadi & Ors. vs. State

of Bihar2, this Court has observed that statutory requirement of the

report under Section 173(2) would be complied with if various details

prescribed therein are included in the report. The report is complete if

it is accompanied with all the documents and statements of witnesses

as required by Section 175(5). In Dinesh Dalmia vs. CBI3, however,

it has been held that even if all the documents are not filed, by reason

1 Bhagwant Singh vs. Commissioner of Police & Anr.; (1985) 2 SCC 537
2 (1980) 3 SCC 152
3 (2007) 8 SCC 770

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 thereof the submission of the chargesheet itself would not be vitiated

in law. Such issues often arise when the accused would make his

claim for default bail under Section 167(2) of Cr.P.C. and contend that

all the documents having not been submitted as required under

Section 173(5), or the investigation qua some of the persons having

been kept open while submitting Police Report under Section 173(2),

the requirements under Section 173(2) could not be said to have been

complied with. In this regard, this Court recently held in case of CBI

vs. Kapil Wadhwan & Anr.4 that: -

“Once from the material produced along with the chargesheet,

the court is satisfied about the commission of an offence and
takes cognizance of the offence allegedly committed by the
accused, it is immaterial whether the further investigation in
terms of Section 173(8) is pending or not. The pendency of the
further investigation qua the other accused or for production of
some documents not available at the time of filing of chargesheet
would neither vitiate the chargesheet, nor would it entitle the
accused to claim right to get default bail on the ground that the
chargesheet was an incomplete chargesheet or that the
chargesheet was not filed in terms of Section 173(2) of Cr.P.C.”

16. The above referred discussion has been necessitated for highlighting

the significance of the compliance of requirements of the provisions

contained in Section 173(2) of Cr.P.C.

4 Criminal Appeal No. 391 of 2024 (@ SLP (Crl) No. 11775 of 2023)
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17. Ergo, having regard to the provisions contained in Section 173 it is

hereby directed that the Report of police officer on the completion of

investigation shall contain the following: -

(i) A report in the form prescribed by the State Government

stating-
(a) the names of the parties;
(b) the nature of the information;
(c) the names of the persons who appear to be acquainted with
the circumstances of the case;
(d) whether any offence appears to have been committed and, if
so, by whom;
(e) whether the accused has been arrested;
(f) whether he has been released on his bond and, if so, whether
with or without sureties;
(g) whether he has been forwarded in custody under section 170.
(h) Whether the report of medical examination of the woman has
been attached where investigation relates to an offence under
[sections 376, 376A, 376AB, 376B, 376C, 376D, 376DA, 376DB]
or section 376E of the Indian Penal Code (45 of 1860)”
(ii) If upon the completion of investigation, there is no sufficient
evidence or reasonable ground of suspicion to justify the
forwarding of the accused to a Magistrate, the Police officer in
charge shall clearly state in the Report about the compliance of
Section 169 Cr.PC.
(iii) When the report in respect of a case to which Section 170
applies, the police officer shall forward to the Magistrate along
with the report, all the documents or relevant extracts thereof on
which the prosecution proposes to rely other than those already
sent to the Magistrate during investigation; and the statements
recorded under Section 161 of all the persons whom the
prosecution proposes to examine as its witnesses.
(iv) In case of further investigation, the Police officer in charge
shall forward to the Magistrate a further report or reports
regarding such evidence in the form prescribed and shall also

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 comply with the details mentioned in the above sub para (i) to
(iii).

18. It is further directed that the officer in charge of the police stations in

every State shall strictly comply with the afore-stated directions, and

the non-compliance thereof shall be strictly viewed by the concerned

courts in which the Police Reports are submitted.

19. Copy of this order be sent to all the Chief Secretaries of the States/UTs

as also to Registrar Generals of the High Courts for perusal and

compliance. The appeal stands disposed of accordingly.

……………………………………J.
[BELA M. TRIVEDI]

……………..……………………. J.
[PANKAJ MITHAL]

NEW DELHI;
MARCH, 12th 2024.

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