DBMS Lab # 03-04

LAB # 03-04
SQL Server 2008 R2 Installation and Commands

Introduction
Now using the following steps, install SQL Server 2000 in your PC’s.
Server Editions of SQL Server 2008

The following table describes the server editions of SQL Server 2008:
Term Definition
Enterprise (x86, SQL Server Enterprise is a comprehensive data platform that

x64,and IA64)1 provides enterprise-class scalability, performance, high
availability, and advanced business intelligence capabilities
for running secure, business-critical applications. For more
information, see Features Supported by the Editions of SQL
Server 2008.
Standard (x86 and SQL Server Standard is a complete data platform that
x64) provides ease of use and manageability. This includes built-in
business intelligence capabilities to run departmental
applications. For more information, see Features Supported
by the Editions of SQL Server 2008.
SQL Server Standard for Small Business includes all of the

technical components and capabilities of SQL Server
Standard and is licensed to operate in a small business
environment of 75 or fewer computers.
The SQL Server Express database platform is based on SQL
SQL Server Express Server 2008. It is also a replacement for Microsoft Desktop
(x86 and x64) Engine (MSDE).
Integrated with Visual Studio, SQL Server Express makes it
easy to develop data-driven applications that are rich in
capability, secure in storage, and fast to deploy.
SQL Server SQL Server Express is free and can be redistributed by ISV's
Express with (subject to agreement). SQL Server Express is ideal for
Advanced learning and building desktop and small server applications.
Services (x86 and This edition is the best choice for independent software
x64) vendors, non-professional developers, and hobbyists building
client applications. If you need more advanced database
features, SQL Server Express can be seamlessly upgraded to
more sophisticated versions of SQL Server.
SQL Server Components
Server
Description
components
SQL Server SQL Server Database Engine includes the Database Engine, the core service
Database for storing, processing, and securing data, Replication, full-text search, and
Engine tools for managing relational and XML data.
Analysis Analysis Services includes the tools for creating and managing online
Services analytical processing (OLAP) and data mining applications.
Reporting Reporting Services includes server and client components for creating,
Services managing, and deploying tabular, matrix, graphical, and free-form reports.
Reporting Services is also an extensible platform that you can use to develop
report applications.
Integration Integration Services is a set of graphical tools and programmable objects for
Services moving, copying, and transforming data.
Management
Description
tools
SQL Server SQL Server Management Studio is an integrated environment to access,
Management configure, manage, administer, and develop components of SQL Server.
Studio Management Studio lets developers and administrators of all skill levels use
SQL Server. Internet Explorer 6 SP1 or a later version is required for
Management Studio installation.
SQL Server SQL Server Configuration Manager provides basic configuration
Configuration management for SQL Server services, server protocols, client protocols, and
Manager client aliases.
SQL Server
SQL Server Installation Centre is used for the installation of new Instances,
Installation
Up gradating and Updating the SQL Server.
Centre
Installation of SQL Server:

Installing SQL Server 2008 Express Edition
To install Microsoft SQL Server 2008 Express Edition, follow these steps:
Run the setup file through the administrative account. The Microsoft SQL Server 2008
Installation Center will begin.
1. Select the “New Installation” Feature.

2. In this Feature Selection Wizard Select all of the features and click the Next button.
3. In this Instance Configuration select the Default Instance option and click Next button.
4. Click Next.
5. In this Database Engine Configuration select the Windows Authentication Mode and click
Next button.
6. Installation will progress and setup will complete installation automatically. Just wait and
watch.
7. From the Setup Complete window, click Close.
Now go to the Start menu and Search SQL Server Management Studio. A new window will be
opened. Connect to the server.
Now place the following sample code in the query window, run it and see the output:
SELECT getdate(); -- Selects the current (server) date and time.
On the left side you will see databases named master etc.
On clicking any of the database, you’ll see default tables in that database. You can also right
click on any of the table and select ‘return all rows’ to see the entire values in the table.
But you have to create your own database with your own name.
Run the following query by pressing F5 key:
CREATE DATABASE WXYZ; -- Creates a database named WXYZ;
Remember…!! SQL is not case sensitive.
Are you able to see the database created…???
If no, then refresh the services again…!!
Now create the table in the above created database using the CREATE TABLE command:
Syntax:
CREATE
TABLE table_name (
column_name1 data_type(size),
....
); --// CREATE TABLE is the keyword.
Suppose if you want to create the following table:
Name Reg_No Courses Course_Code Offered_By

You’ll have to run the following query:
CREATE TABLE Student

(
Name varchar(255),
Reg_No varchar(255),
Courses varchar(255),
Course_Code int,
Offered_by varchar(255)
);
Run the query and see the results.
Was the table created named STUDENT….???
Inorder to verify the results run the following query:
SELECT *
FROM Student;
Was the table displayed…???

SQL Server Data Types
String types:
Number types:
Data type Description Storage
tinyint Allows whole numbers from 0 to 255 1 byte
smallint Allows whole numbers between -32,768 and 32,767 2 bytes
int Allows whole numbers between -2,147,483,648 and 2,147,483,647 4 bytes

bigint Allows whole numbers between -9,223,372,036,854,775,808 and 8 bytes
9,223,372,036,854,775,807
decimal(p,s) Fixed precision and scale numbers. 5-17 bytes
Allows numbers from -10^38 +1 to 10^38 –1.
The p parameter indicates the maximum total number of digits that

can be stored (both to the left and to the right of the decimal point). p
must be a value from 1 to 38. Default is 18.The s parameter indicates
the maximum number of digits stored to the right of the decimal point.
s must be a value from 0 to p. Default value is 0
numeric(p,s) Fixed precision and scale numbers. 5-17 bytes
Allows numbers from -10^38 +1 to 10^38 –1.
The p parameter indicates the maximum total number of digits that

can be stored (both to the left and to the right of the decimal point). p
must be a value from 1 to 38. Default is 18.
The s parameter indicates the maximum number of digits stored to the

right of the decimal point. s must be a value from 0 to p. Default value
is 0
smallmoney Monetary data from -214,748.3648 to 214,748.3647 4 bytes
money Monetary data from -922,337,203,685,477.5808 to 8 bytes

922,337,203,685,477.5807
float(n) Floating precision number data from -1.79E + 308 to 1.79E + 308. 4 or 8 bytes
The n parameter indicates whether the field should hold 4 or 8 bytes.

float(24) holds a 4-byte field and float(53) holds an 8-byte field.
Default value of n is 53.
real Floating precision number data from -3.40E + 38 to 3.40E + 38 4 bytes

Date types:
Other data types:
Data type Description
sql_variant Stores up to 8,000 bytes of data of various data types, except text, ntext, and
timestamp
uniqueidentifier Stores a globally unique identifier (GUID)
xml Stores XML formatted data. Maximum 2GB
cursor Stores a reference to a cursor used for database operations
table Stores a result-set for later processing
timestamp Stores a unique number that gets updated every time a row gets
created or modified. The timestamp value is based upon an internal
clock and does not correspond to real time. Each table may have only
one timestamp variable
SQL DML Commands
SELECT,SELECT DISTINCT,INSERT,UPDATE,DELETE,ORDER BY,AND/OR
SQL can be divided into two parts: The Data Manipulation Language (DML) and the Data
Definition Language (DDL).
The query and update commands form the DML part of SQL:
• SELECT - extracts data from a database
• UPDATE - updates data in a database
• DELETE - deletes data from a database
• INSERT INTO - inserts new data into a database
The DDL part of SQL permits database tables to be created or deleted. It also define indexes
(keys), specify links between tables, and impose constraints between tables.
The most important DDL statements in SQL are:

• CREATE DATABASE - creates a new database
• ALTER DATABASE - modifies a database
• CREATE TABLE - creates a new table
• ALTER TABLE - modifies a table
• DROP TABLE - deletes a table
• CREATE INDEX - creates an index (search key)
• DROP INDEX - deletes an index
SQL INSERT INTO Statement

The INSERT INTO statement is used to insert new record or row in a table.
SQL INSERT INTO Syntax

It is possible to write the INSERT INTO statement in two forms.
The first form doesn't specify the column names where the data will be inserted, only their
values:
INSERT INTO table_name

VALUES (value1, value2, value3,...)
The second form specifies both the column names and the values to be inserted:
INSERT INTO table_name (column1, column2, column3,...)

VALUES (value1, value2, value3,...)
SQL INSERT INTO Example

We have the following "Persons" table:
P_Id LastName FirstName Address City
1 Hansen Christ Timoteivn 10 Sandnes
2 Svendson Tove Borgvn 23 Sandnes
3 Pettersen Michael Storgt 20 Stavanger
Now we want to insert a new row in the "Persons" table.

We use the following SQL statement:
INSERT INTO Persons

VALUES (4,'Nilsen', 'Johan', 'Bakken 2', 'Stavanger')
The "Persons" table will now look like this:
4 Nilsen Johan Bakken 2 Stavanger
Insert Data Only in Specified Columns

It is also possible to only add data in specific columns.
The following SQL statement will add a new row, but only add data in the "P_Id",
"LastName" and the "FirstName" columns:
INSERT INTO Persons (P_Id, LastName, FirstName)
VALUES (5, 'Tjessem', 'Jakob')
5 Tjessem Jakob
SQL UPDATE Statement

The UPDATE statement is used to update records in a table
The UPDATE statement is used to update existing records in a table.
SQL UPDATE Syntax
UPDATE table_name
SET column1=value, column2=value2,...
WHERE some_column=some_value
Note: Notice the WHERE clause in the UPDATE syntax. The WHERE clause specifies
which record or records that should be updated. If you omit the WHERE clause, all records
will be updated!
SQL UPDATE Example

The "Persons" table:
5 Tjessem Jakob
Now we want to update the person "Tjessem, Jakob" in the "Persons" table.
UPDATE Persons
SET Address='Nissestien 67', City='Sandnes'
WHERE LastName='Tjessem' AND FirstName='Jakob'
5 Tjessem Jakob Nissestien 67 Sandnes
SQL UPDATE Warning

Be careful when updating records. If we had omitted the WHERE clause in the example
above, like this:
UPDATE Persons
SET Address='Nissestien 67', City='Sandnes'
The "Persons" table would have looked like this:

1 Hansen Christ Nissestien 67 Sandnes
2 Svendson Tove Nissestien 67 Sandnes
3 Pettersen Michael Nissestien 67 Sandnes

4 Nilsen Johan Nissestien 67 Sandnes
SQL DELETE Statement

The DELETE statement is used to delete records in a table.
The DELETE statement is used to delete rows in a table.
SQL DELETE Syntax
DELETE FROM table_name

WHERE some_column=some_value
Note: Notice the WHERE clause in the DELETE syntax. The WHERE clause specifies
which record or records that should be deleted. If you omit the WHERE clause, all records
will be deleted!
SQL DELETE Example


Now we want to delete the person "Tjessem, Jakob" in the "Persons" table.
DELETE FROM Persons

WHERE LastName='Tjessem' AND FirstName='Jakob'
Delete All Rows

It is possible to delete all rows in a table without deleting the table. This means that the table
structure, attributes, and indexes will be intact:
DELETE FROM table_name or

DELETE * FROM table_name
Note: Be very careful when deleting records. You cannot undo this statement!
SQL SELECT Statement
The SELECT statement is used to select data from a database.The result is stored in a result
table, called the result-set.
The syntax used for SELECT query is:
SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table_name
and
SELECT * FROM table_name
Note: SQL is not case sensitive. SELECT is the same as select.
Example
Now we want to select the content of the columns named "LastName" and "FirstName" from
the table above.
We use the following SELECT statement:
SELECT LastName,FirstName FROM Persons

The result-set will look like this:
LastName FirstName
Hansen Christ
Svendson Tove
Pettersen Michael
SELECT * Example
Now we want to select all the columns from the "Persons" table.
SELECT * FROM Persons
Tip: The asterisk (*) is a quick way of selecting all columns!


The SQL SELECT DISTINCT Statement
In a table, some of the columns may contain duplicate values. This is not a problem,
however, sometimes you will want to list only the different (distinct) values in a table.
The DISTINCT keyword can be used to return only distinct (different) values. Its
Syntax is:
SELECT DISTINCT column_name(s)
FROM table_name
Example
Now we want to select only the distinct values from the column named "City" from the table
above.
SELECT DISTINCT City FROM Persons

City
Sandnes
Stavanger
The WHERE Clause

The WHERE clause is used to extract only those records that fulfill a specified criterion. The
syntax of the command is:
FROM table_name
WHERE column_name operator value
Example
Now we want to select only the persons living in the city "Sandnes" from the table above.

WHERECity='Sandnes'

Quotes Around Text Fields

SQL uses single quotes around text values (most database systems will also accept double
quotes).
Although, numeric values should not be enclosed in quotes.
For text values:

This is correct:
SELECT * FROM Persons WHERE FirstName='Tove' This is
wrong:
SELECT * FROM Persons WHERE FirstName=Tove
For numeric values:
This is correct:
SELECT * FROM Persons WHERE Year=1965 This is
wrong:
SELECT * FROM Persons WHERE Year='1965'
Operators Allowed in the WHERE Clause

With the WHERE clause, the following operators can be used:
Operator Description
= Equal
<> Not equal
> Greater than
< Less than
>= Greater than or equal
<= Less than or equal
BETWEEN Between an inclusive range
LIKE Search for a pattern
IN If you know the exact value you want to return for at least one of the columns
Note: In some versions of SQL the <> operator may be written as !=
The AND & OR Operators

The AND & OR operators are used to filter records based on more than one condition. The
AND operator displays a record if both the first condition and the second condition is true.
The OR operator displays a record if either the first condition or the second condition is true.
AND Operator Example


Now we want to select only the persons with the first name equal to "Tove" AND the last
name equal to "Svendson":
WHERE FirstName='Tove'
AND LastName='Svendson'

OR Operator Example
Now we want to select only the persons with the first name equal to "Tove" OR the first
name equal to "Christ":

WHERE FirstName='Tove'
OR FirstName='Christ'

Combining AND & OR
You can also combine AND and OR (use parenthesis to form complex expressions).
Now we want to select only the persons with the last name equal to "Svendson" AND the
first name equal to "Tove" OR to "Christ":
SELECT * FROM Persons WHERE

LastName='Svendson'
AND (FirstName='Tove' OR
FirstName='Christ')
The ORDER BY Keyword

The ORDER BY keyword is used to sort the result-set by a specified column.
The ORDER BY keyword sorts the records in ascending order by default.
If you want to sort the records in a descending order, you can use the DESC keyword.
Its syntax is:
FROM table_name
ORDER BY column_name(s) ASC|DESC
Example
4 Nilsen Tom Vingvn 23 Stavanger
Now we want to select all the persons from the table above, however, we want to sort the
persons by their last name.

ORDER BY LastName

ORDER BY DESC Example

Now we want to select all the persons from the table above, however, we want to sort the
persons descending by their last name.
We use the following SELECT statement:.

ORDER BY LastName DESC

Additional Commands:
ALTER DATABASE <name>
SET SINGLE_USER WITH ROLLBACK IMMEDIATE
Practice all SQL commands described above for any table…!!!
TASK 1:
Create the following table using SQL and using the INSERT INTO command, insert the
following values in the table created.
Ali 01 DIP 1001 Mr. A

Basit 02 DBMS 1002 Mr. X
Akram 03 OS 1003 Mr. Y
Asad 04 DBMS 1002 Mr. X
Zeeshan 05 DIP 1001 Mr. A
Muneer 06 OS 1003 Mr. Y
Shafqat 07 NM 1004 Mr. H
Ahsan 08 OS 1003 Mr. Y
Ikram 09 DIP
Hassan 10
TASK 2:
Using the UPDATE statement, update the above table for the following values:
Ali 01 DIP 1001 Mr. A
Basit 02 DBMS 1002 Mr. X
Akram 03 OS 1003 Mr. Y
Asad 04 DBMS 1002 Mr. X
Zeeshan 05 DIP 1001 Mr. A
Muneer 06 OS 1003 Mr. Y
Shafqat 07 NM 1004 Mr. H
Ahsan 08 OS 1003 Mr. Y
Ikram 09 DIP 1001 Mr. A
Hassan 10 DSP 1005 Mr. Z
TASK 3:
Using the DELETE statement, delete the record for the student having name Akram and
Ahsan in the above table. Also delete the record for the course having course code=1001.
TASK 4:
Select distinct values from the above table for the last three columns.
TASK 5:
Sort the above table in descending order by their name.
TASK 6:
Create and delete any database while multiple users are using it with ROLLBACK
command.
TASK 7:
For the table in task 2, generate a query for updating the table with fully qualified names and
update the following values:
Ali 01 SE 1001 Mr. Z
Basit 02 CG 1002 Mr. X

DBMS Lab # 03-04

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

DBMS Lab # 03-04

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

DBMS Lab # 03-04

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

LAB # 03-04

SQL Server 2008 R2 Installation and Commands

Server Editions of SQL Server 2008

Enterprise (x86, SQL Server Enterprise is a comprehensive data platform that

SQL Server Standard for Small Business includes all of the

SQL Server Components

Installation of SQL Server:

1. Select the “New Installation” Feature.

SELECT getdate(); -- Selects the current (server) date and time.

Run the following query by pressing F5 key:

CREATE DATABASE WXYZ; -- Creates a database named WXYZ;

Remember…!! SQL is not case sensitive.

Are you able to see the database created…???

If no, then refresh the services again…!!

Suppose if you want to create the following table:

Name Reg_No Courses Course_Code Offered_By

CREATE TABLE Student

Run the query and see the results.

Was the table created named STUDENT….???

Inorder to verify the results run the following query:

Was the table displayed…???

Data type Description Storage

tinyint Allows whole numbers from 0 to 255 1 byte

smallint Allows whole numbers between -32,768 and 32,767 2 bytes

int Allows whole numbers between -2,147,483,648 and 2,147,483,647 4 bytes

decimal(p,s) Fixed precision and scale numbers. 5-17 bytes

Allows numbers from -10^38 +1 to 10^38 –1.

The p parameter indicates the maximum total number of digits that

numeric(p,s) Fixed precision and scale numbers. 5-17 bytes

Allows numbers from -10^38 +1 to 10^38 –1.

The p parameter indicates the maximum total number of digits that

The s parameter indicates the maximum number of digits stored to the

smallmoney Monetary data from -214,748.3648 to 214,748.3647 4 bytes

money Monetary data from -922,337,203,685,477.5808 to 8 bytes

The n parameter indicates whether the field should hold 4 or 8 bytes.

real Floating precision number data from -3.40E + 38 to 3.40E + 38 4 bytes

Other data types:

Data type Description

uniqueidentifier Stores a globally unique identifier (GUID)

xml Stores XML formatted data. Maximum 2GB

cursor Stores a reference to a cursor used for database operations

table Stores a result-set for later processing

SELECT,SELECT DISTINCT,INSERT,UPDATE,DELETE,ORDER BY,AND/OR

The most important DDL statements in SQL are:

SQL INSERT INTO Statement

SQL INSERT INTO Syntax

INSERT INTO table_name

INSERT INTO table_name (column1, column2, column3,...)

SQL INSERT INTO Example

P_Id LastName FirstName Address City

1 Hansen Christ Timoteivn 10 Sandnes

2 Svendson Tove Borgvn 23 Sandnes

3 Pettersen Michael Storgt 20 Stavanger

Now we want to insert a new row in the "Persons" table.

INSERT INTO Persons

P_Id LastName FirstName Address City

1 Hansen Christ Timoteivn 10 Sandnes

2 Svendson Tove Borgvn 23 Sandnes

3 Pettersen Michael Storgt 20 Stavanger

4 Nilsen Johan Bakken 2 Stavanger