Competency Based Questions and Answers in

Questions and Answers in

Competency Based
Microbiology for Second MBBS Professional Examination

Competency Based
The main objective of this book is to introduce to the undergraduate students the subject of
microbiology in a simplified manner in the form of questions and answers. The new CBME
curriculum brings with it a finely structured method of learning both theory and practical
aspects of microbiology. Also, the upcoming pattern of evaluation is another overwhelming
Questions and Answers in
change that a student must gear up for NEXT. Keeping these two new developments in mind, the

Microbiology
questions are framed using the competencies enumerated in the subject curriculum, and the
answers are written in a structured format using bulleted points to ease learning, understanding
and memorizing.
Salient Features

Microbiology
• Questions and MCQs are prepared as per CBME guidelines
• Contents have been written structurally and arranged as per the CBME competencies
• Includes traditional unstructured long essays, modified structured long essays, case-based
questions, short essays, short answers, MCQs of various types and one-mark questions in the
form of 'fill in the blanks' for Second MBBS Professional Examination
• Answers have been adequately supported with numerous diagrams, flowcharts and tables
Compiled and designed as per
Pooja Rao is currently Associate Professor, Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical
MD
College, Mangaluru, Karnataka. She is an infection control officer of a 500-bed tertiary care CBME Guidelines | Competency Based Undergraduate Curriculum
hospital, KMC Hospital, and member of the hospital infection control committee. She is also the for the Indian Medical Graduate
Deputy Quality Manager at State Reference Laboratory (SRL), NACO. She has won the best young
scientist award from MAHE in 2018 and best publication award by Manipal-McGill in 2019.
Sevitha Bhat MD is currently Associate Professor, Department of Microbiology, Kasturba
Medical College, Mangaluru, Karnataka. She has 14 years of teaching experience in clinical • 92 Long Essays
microbiology. She has to her credit over 30 papers published in national and international
journals. • 221 Short Essays
Avinash G MSc (medical microbiology) is currently Assistant Professor, Department of Microbiology,
Narayana Medical College, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh. He has over 13 years of teaching experience • 216 Short Answers

Examination
Professional
for Second MBBS
and is an active educator for NEET PG, NEET MDS and NEET UG (zoology). He has completed his Pooja Rao
training in NABL (ISO 15189:2012) and Certificate Course in Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Research • 355 MCQs
Methodology from Prasanna School of Public Health, KMC, Manipal. He has over 14 publications in both
national and international Journals and has actively participated in more than 23 conferences with six
Sevitha Bhat
oral and poster presentations in Medical Microbiology and Research.
Avinash G
Sushrutha Academy
Dedicated to Education

ISBN: 978-93-5466-054-2

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 Contents
Preface vii
Details of the Number of Questions and MCQs Included as per the Competency xiii

Page Number
S. No. Topic Competencies
Qs. and As. MCQs Fill in the Blanks

1 General Microbiology and Immunity MI1.1–1.11 1 269

2 CVS and Blood MI2.1–2.7 77 271

3 Gastrointestinal and Hepatobiliary MI3.1–3.8 110 272

System

4 Musculoskeletal System, Skin and Soft MI4.1– 4.3 151 278

Tissue Infections
295
5 Central Nervous System Infections MI5.1–5.3 177 280

6 Respiratory Tract Infections MI6.1–6.3 192 283

7 Genitourinary and Sexually MI7.1–7.3 219 286

Transmitted Infections

8 Zoonotic Diseases and Miscellaneous MI8.1–8.16 233 288

 Details of the Number of Questions and MCQs
Included as per the Competency

S. No. Competency Competency Details Long Short Short MCQs

No. Essays Essays Answers
1. General Microbiology and Immunity
1 MI1.1 Describe the different causative agents of infectious 06 19 15 04
diseases, the methods used in their detection, and
discuss the role of microbes in health and disease
MI1.2 Perform and identify the different causative agents 01
of infectious diseases by Gram’s stain, ZN stain and
stool routine microscopy
MI8.9 Discuss the appropriate method of collection of 03
samples in the performance of laboratory tests in
2 the detection of microbial agents causing infectious — 03 —
disease
MI8.10 Demonstrate the appropriate method of collection 02
of samples in the performance of laboratory tests in
the detection of microbial agents causing infectious
disease
3 MI1.3 Describe the epidemiological basis of common — 03 05 01
infectious diseases
4 MI1.4 Classify and describe the different methods 01 05 09 01
of sterilization and disinfection. Discuss the
application of the different methods in the
laboratory, in clinical and surgical practice
5 MI1.5 Choose the most appropriate method of 01 02 02 02
sterilization and disinfection to be used in
specific situations in the laboratory, in
clinical and surgical practice
6 MI1.6 Describe the mechanisms of drug resistance, and 02 06 04 01
the methods of antimicrobial susceptibility testing
and monitoring of antimicrobial therapy
7 MI1.7 Describe the immunological mechanisms 02 07 07 06
in health
8 MI1.8 Describe the mechanisms of immunity and 06 06 23 01
response of the host immune system to
infections
9 MI1.9 Discuss the immunological basis of vaccines and 01 04 08 02
describe the universal immunisation schedule
10 MI1.10 Describe the immunological mechanisms in 01 08 06 03
immunological disorder (hypersensitivity,
autoimmune disorders and immunodeficiency
states) and discuss the laboratory methods
used in detection.
11 MI1.11 Describe the immunological mechanisms of 01 03 03 03
transplantation and tumor immunity
xiv Competency Based Qs & As in Microbiology

S. No. Competency Competency Details Long Short Short MCQs

No. Essays Essays Answers
2. CVS and Blood
12 MI2.1 Describe the aetiologic agents in rheumatic fever 02 03 02 03
and their diagnosis
13 MI2.2 Describe the classification aetiopathogenesis, 02 05 05 02
clinical features and discuss the diagnostic
modalities of infective endocarditis
14 MI2.3 Identify the microbial agents causing rheumatic — 01 01 02
heart disease and infective endocarditis
15 MI2.4 List the common microbial agents causing anemia. 03 02 06 02
Describe the morphology, mode of infection and
discuss the pathogenesis, clinical course, diagnosis
and prevention and treatment of the common
microbial agents causing anemia
16 MI2.5 Describe the aetiopathogenesis and discuss the 05 05 06 05
clinical Evolution and the laboratory diagnosis of
kala-azar, malaria, filariasis and other common
parasites prevalent in India
17 MI2.6 Identify the causative agent of malaria and filariasis 01 03 02 04
18 MI2.7 Describe the epidemiology, the aetio- pathogenesis, 02 07 06 07
evolution complications, opportunistic infections,
diagnosis, prevention and the principles of
management of HIV
3. Gastrointestinal and Hepatobiliary System
19 MI3.1 Enumerate the microbial agents causing diarrahoea 08 10 12 15
and dysentery. Describe the epidemiology,
morphology, pathogenesis, clinical features and
diagnostic modalities of these agents
20 MI3.2 Identify the common aetiologic agents of diarrhoea — 01 — 06
and dysentery
21 MI3.3 Describe the enteric fever pathogens and discuss the 02 04 02 09
evolution of the clinical course and the laboratory
diagnosis of the diseases caused by them
22 MI3.4 Identify the different modalities for diagnosis of 01 01 — 04
enteric fever. Choose the appropriate test related to
the duration of illness
23 MI3.5 Enumerate the causative agents of food poisoning 01 04 04 16
and discuss the pathogenesis, clinical course and
laboratory diagnosis
24 MI3.6 Describe the aetiopathogenesis of acid peptic 01 01 01 10
disease (APD) and the clinical course. Discuss the
diagnosis and management of the causative agent
of APD
25 MI3.7 Describe the epidemiology, the aetiopathogenesis 02 06 03 15
and discuss the viral markers in the evolution
of viral hepatitis. Discuss the modalities in the
diagnosis and prevention of viral hepatitis
26 MI3.8 Choose the appropriate laboratory test in the — 03 01 06
diagnosis of viral hepatitis with emphasis on
viral markers
 Details of the Number of Questions and MCQs Included as per the Competency xv

S. No. Competency Competency Details Long Short Short MCQs

No. Essays Essays Answers
4. Musculoskeletal System Skin and Soft Tissue Infections
27 MI4.1 Enumerate the microbial agents causing anaerobic 02 03 02 19
infections. Describe the aetiopathogenesis, clinical
course and discuss the laboratory diagnosis of
anaerobic infections
28 MI4.2 Describe the aetiopathogenesis, clinical course and 02 04 06 03
discuss the laboratory diagnosis of bone and joint
infections
29 MI4.3 Describe the aetiopathogenesis of infections of skin 07 15 13 11
and soft tissue and discuss the clinical course and
the laboratory diagnosis
5. Central Nervous System Infections
30 MI5.1 Describe the aetiopathogenesis, clinical course and 03 03 05 16
discuss the laboratory diagnosis of meningitis
31 MI5.2 Describe the aetiopathogenesis, clinical course and 01 04 02 23
discuss the laboratory diagnosis of encephalitis
32 MI5.3 Identify the microbial agents causing meningitis 01 04 03 03
6. Respiratory Tract Infections
33 MI6.1 Describe the aetiopathogenesis, laboratory 08 18 16 33
diagnosis and prevention of infections of upper and
lower respiratory tract
34 MI6.2 Identify the common aetiologic agents of upper — 02 — 09
respiratory tract infections (Gram’s stain)
35 MI6.3 Identify the common aetiologic agents of lower — 02 — 06
respiratory tract infections (Gram’s stain and
acid-fast stain)
7. Genitourinary and Sexually Transmitted Infections
36 MI7.1 Describe the aetiopathogenesis and discuss the 03 05 05 10
laboratory diagnosis of infections of genitourinary
system
37 MI7.2 Describe the aetiopathogenesis and discuss the 01 01 03 10
laboratory diagnosis of sexually transmitted
infections. Recommend preventive measures
38 MI7.3 Describe the aetiopathogenesis, clinical features, the 01 04 — 07
appropriate method for specimen collection, and
discuss the laboratory diagnosis of urinary tract
infections
8. Zoonotic Diseases and Miscellaneous
39 MI8.1 Enumerate the microbial agents and their 05 07 08 18
vectors causing zoonotic diseases. Describe the
morphology, mode of transmission, pathogenesis
and discuss the clinical course laboratory diagnosis
and prevention
40 MI8.2 Describe the aetio-pathogenesis of opportunistic 01 06 03 06
infections (OI) and discuss the factors contributing
to the occurrence of OI, and the laboratory
diagnosis
xvi Competency Based Qs & As in Microbiology

S. No. Competency Competency Details Long Short Short MCQs

No. Essays Essays Answers
41 MI8.3 Describe the role of oncogenic viruses in the 01 02 — 05
evolution of virus associated malignancy
42 MI8.4 Describe the aetiologic agents of emerging 02 06 02 04
infectious diseases. Discuss the clinical course and
diagnosis
43 MI8.5 Define Healthcare Associated Infections (HAI) 01 05 — 10
and enumerate the types. Discuss the factors that
contribute to the development of HAI and the
methods for prevention
44 MI8.6 Describe the basics of Infection control — 03 02 10
45 MI8.7 Demonstrate infection control practices and use of — 03 — 03
Personal Protective Equipments (PPE)
46 MI8.8 Describe the methods used and significance of 02 — 07 07
assessing the microbial contamination of food,
water and air
47 MI8.11 Demonstrate respect for patient samples sent to the — — 02 03
laboratory for performance of laboratory tests in
the detection of microbial agents causing Infectious
diseases
MI8.12 Discuss confidentiality pertaining to patient —
identity in laboratory results
48 — — 03
MI8.14 Demonstrate confidentiality pertaining to patient —
identity in laboratory results
MI8.13 Choose the appropriate laboratory test in the 03
diagnosis of the infectious disease
49 — 02 01
MI8.15 Choose and interpret the results of the laboratory —
tests used in diagnosis of the infectious diseases
50 MI8.16 Describe the National Health Programs in the Presented in in the form of —
prevention of common infectious disease (for concise content rather than
information purpose only as taught in CM) Question and Answer
Total Content 92 221 216 355

Total Number of Fill in the Blanks: 396