Revision of The Middle Jurassic Dimorphi
Revision of The Middle Jurassic Dimorphi
Revision of The Middle Jurassic Dimorphi
Abstract
We present a modern revision of the dimorphic ammonite pair Strigoceras QUENSTEDT,
1886/Cadomoceras MUNIER-CHALMAS, 1892 from the Middle Jurassic. The stratigraphically
oldest hitherto known chronospecies of Strigoceras, S. praenuntium (BUCKMAN) appears in
the Middle Aalenian as an extreme rarity. Records of the microconch genus Cadomoceras re-
main unknown from strata older than Early Bajocian, but otherwise its stratigraphical range
corresponds well with that of the macroconchs. The genus probably became extinct in the
Early Bathonian (Zigzag Zone). The youngest known Strigoceras is S. callomoni n. sp. descri-
bed here from the Macrescens Subzone of the Early Bathonian. Another new strigoceratid
species, Granulochetoceras oppeliisculptum n. sp., is recorded by a single specimen from the
early Garantiana Zone of eastern Spain, representing an interesting phyletic link between Stri-
goceras QUENSTEDT, 1886 and Granulochetoceras GEYER, 1960. We include a brief review of
the latter genus. By including Granulochetoceras in the Strigoceratidae the family would ex-
tend to the Late Kimmeridgian of the Late Jurassic.
The palaeogeographic distribution of Strigoceras/Cadomoceras is focussed on the western
Tethyan Province, but some species also occur in the northern Pacific and its adjacent shelves.
A benefit of this large area of distribution is that strigoceratids may be used to correlate
distant locations, but this is partly hampered by the relatively wide range of variability within
succeeding chronospecies and remarkably large variation in size of adult macroconchs.
Keywords: Ammonites, biostratigraphy, Strigoceratidae, Strigoceras, Cadomoceras, Granul-
ochetoceras, dimorphism, taxonomy, palaeobiogeography, Jurassic.
Zusammenfassung
Über das dimorphe Ammonitenpaar Strigoceras/Cadomoceras aus dem Mittel-Jura wird
eine ausführliche moderne Revision vorgelegt und dessen phylogenetische Entwicklung dar-
gestellt. Die bislang älteste bekannte Chronospezies von Strigoceras, S. praenuntium (BUCK-
MAN), tritt bereits im Mittel-Aalenium auf, wenngleich extrem selten. Zugehörige Mikrocon-
che der Gattung Cadomoceras sind bisher zwar erst ab dem Bajocium nachgewiesen, doch
stimmt deren stratigraphische Reichweite ansonsten mit derjenigen der Makroconche über-
2 stuttgarter beiträge zur naturkunde Ser. B, Nr. 373
Contents
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2. Palaeobiogeographic distribution of Strigoceras/Cadomoceras . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3. Systematics of the macroconch ammonite genus Strigoceras . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
4. The phenomenon of dwarfish adult macroconchs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
5. Shell structure of Strigoceras . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
6. Possible phyletic descendants of Strigoceras . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
7. Other taxa previously included in Strigoceras . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
8. Cadomoceras, the presumed microconch partner of Strigoceras . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
9. Phyletic history of Strigoceras/Cadomoceras . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
10. Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
11. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
1. Introduction
The dimorphism between Strigoceras and the minute Cadomoceras was first ob-
served by STURANI (1971). The striking resemblance between the inner whorls is ob-
vious, but there were sound objections to disagree with this association (DIETL 1986)
based on a long-lasting confusion between the two striate genera Strigoceras and
Phlycticeras. There was also the erroneous assumption that Phlycticeras had evolved
from Strigoceras (CALLOMON in DONOVAN et al. 1981). The dimorphism between
Phlycticeras and Oecoptychius is well established, but for practical reasons we still
distinguish the corresponding dimorphs taxonomically (SCHWEIGERT & DIETZE
1998, 1999; SCHWEIGERT et al. 2003). The development of the suture line during ear-
ly ontogeny was studied by SCHINDEWOLF (1964, fig. 205 (Strigoceras), fig. 209
(Cadomoceras)). However, at that time dimorphism between both genera was not
taken in consideration.
A brief phyletic overview, almost exclusively based on material from south-eastern
Spain, was presented by SANDOVAL (1985). In his phyletic tree he separated two par-
allel lineages of strigoceratids, one leading to Strigoceras truellei (D’ORBIGNY), the
other to Strigoceras paronai (TRAUTH). Following ARKELL (1957) he also tentatively
included Hebetoxyites BUCKMAN, 1924 in Strigoceratidae, a primitive oppeliid genus
known from the Lower Bajocian. Recently, MOYNE & NEIGE (2004) proposed a
phyletic relationship for Praestrigites within a hammatoceratoid ancestry based on a
computer cladistic analysis that included very few morpho-genera, totally ignoring
the dimorphism, which in our opinion is one of the most significant features.
In the present revision strigoceratid specimens from worldwide sources are in-
cluded along with available types. There is special emphasis on the biostratigraphi-
cally well documented localities yielding strigoceratids from Submediterranean sec-
tions in England, SW Germany, and Central Spain.
Abbreviations
BGS British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham, United Kingdom
BNHM Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom
BSPM Bayerische Staatssammlung für Paläontologie und Geologie München, Germany
GBA Geologische Bundesanstalt, Wien, Austria
GIUS Geological Institute, Department of Ecosystem Stratigraphy, University of Sile-
sia, Sosnowiec, Poland
IFGT Institut für Geowissenschaften der Universität Tübingen, Germany
MNHN Muséum Nationale d’Histoire naturelle, Paris, France
NHMB Naturhistorisches Museum Basel, Switzerland
RBC ROBERT BARON CHANDLER Collection, Whyte Leafe, Surrey, United Kingdom
SM Sedgwick Museum, Cambridge, United Kingdom
SMNS Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart, Germany
VNIGNI All-Russia Research Geological Oil Institute Moscow, Russia
[M] ammonite macroconch dimorph
[m] ammonite microconch dimorph
d diameter [mm]
h height of last whorl [mm]
u width of umbilicus [mm]
w width of last whorl [mm]
r/2 secondary and tertiary ribs per half a whorl
Acknowledgements
For numerous valuable discussions, advice and support we thank Prof. Dr. J. H. CAL-
LOMON (London), Dr. G. DIETL (Stuttgart), and Dr. A. GALÁCZ (Budapest). Important liter-
ature, photographs and unpublished field data on the occurrence of strigoceratids and other
4 stuttgarter beiträge zur naturkunde Ser. B, Nr. 373
information were provided by A. BENETTI (Velo Veronese), Prof. Dr. J. H. CALLOMON (Lon-
don), Dr. A. GALÁCZ (Budapest), Dr. H. GAUTHIER (†, Paris), Prof. Dr. A. V. HILLEBRANDT
(Berlin), Dr. J. SCHLÖGL (Bratislava), and Dr. M. ZATOŃ (Sosnowiec). Material stored in in-
stitutional collections was made available by Dr. G. DIETL (Stuttgart), Dr. M. FRANZ
(Freiburg im Breisgau), Dr. M. HOWE, P. SHEPHERD, Mrs. L. NEEP and Mrs. P. TAYLOR (†,
Nottingham), Dr. A. LIEBAU and Dr. H. SCHULZ (Tübingen), R. PANCHAUD (Basel), Dr. G.
SCHAIRER (Munich), Mrs. L. STEEL (London), and Dr. F. STOJASPAL (Vienna). This extensive
study would not have been possible without the excellent material kindly provided by the fol-
lowing amateur collectors: A. & D. BERGER (Wiesloch), E. BERNT (Weissach-Flacht), H.-D.
BOLTER (Ellwangen), W. FISCHER (Schriesheim), G. ERMER (Luhe), R. FLAIG (Unterensin-
gen), U. FRÖHLICH (Ansbach), R. HUGGER (Albstadt-Onstmettingen), D. SOLE (Axminster,
Devon), V. SOMMER (Stuttgart), N. SCHAFFELD (Verden/Aller), K.-H. SPIETH (Freiberg am
Neckar), G. STAPPENBECK (Sulz), and N. WANNENMACHER (Bisingen-Thanheim).
The Wessex Cephalopod Club was mainly responsible for collecting and recording the
English sections, in particular Prof. Dr. J. H. CALLOMON, A. G. ENGLAND and W. J. E. JONES.
Permission to visit the English locations were kindly provided by Natural England, Sher-
borne Castel Estates, M. HIGGINS, E. SEAL, D. TOLLEY, B. LOCK, R. CONDLIFFE, and R. LOX-
TON. The photographs of this study were generously funded by the Geologengruppe Ostalb
e. V. (Aalen). Dr. G. DIETL, Dr. A. GALÁCZ and the editor of the journal, Dr. R. BÖTTCHER,
are thanked for their thoughtful reviews and constructive comments.
The Middle Jurassic ammonite genus Strigoceras and/or its microconch partner
Cadomoceras is recorded from the following regions (specimens not determined as
strigoceratids by the original authors are included here, but erroneous citations are
omitted):
Belgium: MAUBEUGE (1951).
France (extraalpine part): DEFRANCE (1830); BLAINVILLE (1840); D’ORBIGNY
(1845); BAYLE (1878); DOUVILLÉ (1884); QUENSTEDT (1886); BRASIL (1895); FISCHER
(1994); LISSAJOUS (1906, 1907–1912); COEMME (1918); WETZEL (1924); SCHEURLEN
(1928); ROCHÉ (1939); MOUTERDE (1953); DORÉ et al. (1987); GAUTHIER et al. (1995,
2002); RIOULT (1964, 1971); RIOULT et al. (1997); FERNÁNDEZ LÓPEZ & MOUTERDE
(1994a, 1994b); RULLEAU (1997); ELMI & RULLEAU (1993); THIERRY et al. (1997);
RICHTER (2003); RULLEAU (2006); this study.
Germany (southern part): OPPEL (1856); QUENSTEDT (1886); ENGEL (1908);
SCHEURLEN (1928); DIETL (1977); DIETL & RIEBER (1980); WITTMANN (1983);
SCHATZ (1985); SCHLEGELMILCH (1985); GASSMANN & OHMERT (1990); HEGELE
(1990, 1995); OHMERT (1988, 1990); OHMERT et al. (1995); SCHLAMPP (1997);
SCHWEIGERT & DIETZE (1999); ARP (2001); DIETZE et al. (2002, 2004); SCHWEIGERT
et al. (2002); this study.
Germany (northern part): KUMM (1952); WESTERMANN (1958); HUF (1968); this
study.
England: WRIGHT (1860); BUCKMAN (1893, 1910, 1923, 1924); ARKELL (1933);
WILSON et al. (1958); TORRENS (1969); WHICHER (1969); SENIOR et al. (1970);
WHICHER & PALMER (1971); MORTON (1975, 1976); PARSONS (1974, 1975, 1976,
1977, 1979); CALLOMON & CHANDLER (1990, 1994); CALLOMON & COPE (1995);
HUXTABLE (1991, 2000, 2006); COX & SUMBLER (2002); CHANDLER & DIETZE (2001,
2003); CHANDLER et al. (2006); DIETZE et al. (2007); this study.
Poland (extracarpathian part): ZATOŃ & MARYNOWSKI (2004, 2006); this study.
Portugal: ROCHA et al. (1990); MOUTERDE (1991).
schweigert et al., jurassic ammonite genera STRIGOCERAS /CADOMOCERAS 5
Spain and Baleares: FALLOT & BLANCHET (1923); WESTERMANN (1955); MENSINK
(1965); HINKELBEIN (1975); SEQUEIROS et al. (1978); FERNÁNDEZ LÓPEZ (1977, 1982,
1985, 1988); FERNÁNDEZ LÓPEZ & AURELL (1988); FERNÁNDEZ LÓPEZ & GÓMEZ
(1990); FERNÁNDEZ LÓPEZ & SUÁREZ-VEGA (1979); FERNÁNDEZ LÓPEZ et al. (1988,
1997, 1998); SANDOVAL (1979, 1985, 1986, 1990, 1994); ALVARO et al. (1989);
LINARES & SANDOVAL (1979, 1990, 1993); this study.
Switzerland: OOSTER (1860); SCHEURLEN (1928); BIRCHER (1935); MAUBEUGE
(1955); DOLLFUSS (1961); this study.
Austria (Eastern Alps): TRAUTH (1923a, 1923b, 1928); KRYSTYN (1971, 1972).
France (French part of Western Alps): HAUG (1891); LANQUINE (1929); PAVIA &
STURANI (1968); PAVIA (1969, 1973).
Italy (Southern Alps): PARONA (1896); STURANI (1964a, 1964b, 1971); BENETTI
(1977); DELLA BRUNA & MARTIRE (1985).
Italy (Apennines): CRESTA (1988); BALDANZA et al. (1990); CRESTA & GALÁCZ
(1990); CECCA et al. (1991).
Italy (Sicily): WENDT (1963, 1971); D’ARPA in PAVIA & CRESTA (2002); DI STE-
FANO et al. (2002); SANTANTONIO (2002).
North Africa: FLAMAND (1911); MENCHIKOFF (1936); VERLET & ROCH (1940);
ATROPS (1974); ENAY et al. (1987); BENHAMOU & ELMI (1994); SADKI (1994a, 1994b,
1996); SADKI et al. (1986).
Hungary: GALÁCZ (1970, 1976, 1980, 1988, 1991).
Poland and Slovakia (Carpathians): KROBICKI & WIERZBOWSKI (2004); SCHLÖGL
(2002); SCHLÖGL et al. (2005).
Caucasus and Turkmenistan: ARKELL (1956); KRYMHOLTZ & STANKEVITCH
(1963); ROSTOVTSEV (1985); ROSTOVTSEV (1992); BESNOSOV & MITTA (1998, 2000);
this study.
Iran: SEYED-EMAMI (1988); SEYED-EMAMI & ALAVI-NAINI (1990).
Alaska: IMLAY (1964); this study.
Canada: HALL & WESTERMANN (1980); POULTON et al. (1992).
Oregon: LUPHER (1941); IMLAY (1973); TAYLOR (1988); TAYLOR & SMITH (1991).
Mexico: SANDOVAL & WESTERMANN (1986); SALVADOR et al. (1992).
Japan: SATO (1962, 1972); SATO & WESTERMANN (1991).
In contrast to the morphologically similar and phylogenetically related dimorphs
Phlycticeras/Oecoptychius, the genus Strigoceras and its anti-dimorph Cadomoceras
has to date not been recorded from the Indo-East African Province nor from South
America. A record of Strigoceras from Chile (HILLEBRANDT et al. 1997: 349) was er-
roneous (pers. comm. A. V. HILLEBRANDT) and referred to records of Phlycticeras
from around the Bathonian/Callovian boundary (see SCHWEIGERT & DIETZE 1998).
The absence of Strigoceras/Cadomoceras in the Indo-East African Province is prob-
ably due to the scarcity of ammonite-bearing Middle Jurassic strata of pre-Bathon-
ian age in this area. Strigoceratids are completely missing in Boreal or Subboreal fau-
nas. Liroxyites IMLAY, 1961 from the Bajocian of Alaska may be an endemic oppeli-
id genus with striking homoeomorphy with Strigoceras and Hebetoxyites.
MOYNE et al. (2004) analyzed the palaeobiogeographic distribution of several
Middle Jurassic ammonite subfamilies, including Strigoceratinae. Their data for
Strigoceratinae fits well with ours, but is based on morphotaxa, not chronospecies;
therefore their records tell us little about real abundance or specific diversity in an
area.
6 stuttgarter beiträge zur naturkunde Ser. B, Nr. 373
The bulk of strigoceratids comes from the western Tethys. It is unclear if this re-
gion was also a centre of diversification or even origination for this family, in view of
the general scarcity of stratigraphically early representatives of strigoceratids, and
isolated discoveries in some north-Pacific terrains.
The species concept adopted in this study follows DIETZE et al. (2005). The
phyletic lineage of a genus is built up as a succession of chronospecies, based on their
identified and defined type horizons. Transitional morphs showing the plasticity of
the shell parameters and the sculptural characteristics are treated as morphological
variants below the subspecific level. We formally retain separate macro- and micro-
conch taxa at both generic and specific level. In the extreme dimorphic associations
we describe, microconchs have restricted morphological variability in contrast to
macroconchs. Unification of corresponding, co-occurring micro- and macroconch
taxa into a single (palaeo-)biospecies seems inappropriate here. Sometimes the
known stratigraphical ranges of microconch morphospecies do not follow perfectly
that of their presumed macroconch counterparts (Fig. 1). This is comparable to what
is observed in closely related Phlycticeras [M]/Oecoptychius [m] (see SCHWEIGERT &
DIETZE 1998). Despite common usage we reject subgeneric ranking of correspond-
ing dimorphs, not only for nomenclatorial reasons (see PAVIA 2006) but because sub-
generic placement should express (palaeo-)biogeographic or habitat differentiation
within a genus.
Garantiana Garantiana
Dichotoma
Baculata S. symplectum
Niortense Polygyralis C. nepos
BAJOCIAN
Banksii
Blagdeni
Humphriesianum Humphriesianum
Romani S. bessinum C. sullyense
Hebridica
Sauzei S. languidum C. carinatum
Early
Patella
Laeviuscula S. strigifer C. costellatum
Laeviuscula Trigonalis
Ovale Ovale S. compressum
Subsectum
Discites
Walkeri
Formosum
L.
Concavum unknown
Concavum
Gigantea S. praenuntium
AALENIAN
Bradfordensis
Bradfordensis
Middle
Murchisonae
Murchisonae Obtusiformis
Haugi
Comptum
E.
Opalinum
Opalinum
Fig.1. Biochronostratigraphy of the Aalenian to Early Bathonian, with zonal and subzonal
subdivisions mentioned in the text. Times during which Strigoceras or Cadomoceras are re-
corded are indicated by grey colour.
Holotype: Specimen figured by BUCKMAN 1924, pl. 466, BGS GSM 37314, re-
figured herein as Fig.2.
Type locality: Horn Park, Beaminster, Dorset, England.
Type horizon: Inferior Oolite, Ironshot Bed (“Ludwigian, platychora hemera”
of BUCKMAN). An investigation of the specimen’s matrix showed it to be ironshot
and therefore later than bed 4 of Horn Park. By comparison of the matrix it proba-
bly comes from bed 5a (Middle Aalenian, Bradfordensis Zone, Gigantea Subzone,
Aa-11, gigantea horizon, see CALLOMON 1995).
Studied material: 3 specimens.
Stratigraphic range: The stratigraphically oldest record of Strigoceras prae-
nuntium (BUCKMAN), if correctly identified, was from the late Opalinum Zone of
Hungary (GÉCZY 1971). The preservation of ammonites in the Rosso Ammonitico
lithology at Csernye makes it difficult to distinguish between early Strigoceras and
co-occurring Csernyeiceras. It was impossible to trace a specimen in the collection of
Budapest University labelled as “Strigoceras praenuntium” of this age, and most
likely the reference is based on specimens from the Middle Aalenian earlier recog-
nized and illustrated by GÉCZY (1967: 223, pl. 56, fig. 2, pl. 57, fig. 2, pl. 65, fig. 78;
pers. comm. A. GALÁCZ, Budapest). Therefore the oldest undoubted record is that
schweigert et al., jurassic ammonite genera STRIGOCERAS /CADOMOCERAS 9
Fig.2. Strigoceras praenuntium (BUCKMAN), holotype, lateral and ventral views; Horn Park;
Inferior Oolite, bed 5a, Middle Aalenian, Bradfordensis Zone, Brasilia gigantea horizon (=
horizon Aa-11 of CALLOMON 1995); BGS GSM 37314. – ⳯1.
of the holotype itself coming from the Middle Aalenian. Very rare specimens of S.
praenuntium from the Concavum Zone are recorded from Spain, Portugal, Moroc-
co, from the Apennines and Southern Alps, and from Hungary. Records from the
Discites Zone come from England, France, Spain, Morocco, Apennines, Sicily, Hun-
gary, and from Oregon. The latest known representatives of the morphospecies S.
praenuntium are from the Discites Zone.
Records: England, Oregon, Spain, Portugal, Morocco, Apennines, Southern
Alps, Hungary.
Fig.4. Csernyeiceras subaspidoides (VACEK), syntype, lateral view; Cap San Vigilio, Lake
Garda, N Italy; Aalenian,? Concavum Zone; GBA 1886/05/29a. – ⳯1.
Measurements
d h w u r/2 h/d w/d u/d
GSM 37314 (holotype) (75.5) (44) 18.5 4.8 ~45 0.58 0.25 0.06
dito 65.0 38.0 15.0 4.3 35.0 0.58 0.23 0.07
GSM 37315 (Fig. 3) 83.5 51.0 23.3 2.0 ~25 0.61 0.28 0.02
Neotype: Specimen figured by BUCKMAN 1924, pl. 468, designated by DIETZE et al.
(2007), BNHM C.41727, re-figured here as Fig. 5.
Type locality: Dundry Hill near Bristol.
Type horizon: Inferior Oolite (Early Bajocian, “fissilobatum hemera” in BUCKMAN
1924), probably from bed 8a of CHANDLER et al. 2006, horizon Bj-5 in CALLOMON 1995,
Ovale Zone, based on newly collected topotypes), Bj 6b, however, cannot be excluded with
certainty.
Studied material: 10 specimens.
Stratigraphic range: Ovale Zone.
Records: England, Spain, Portugal, Southern Alps.
schweigert et al., jurassic ammonite genera STRIGOCERAS /CADOMOCERAS 13
Fig.5. Strigoceras compressum BUCKMAN, neotype, lateral and ventral views (= specimen figu-
red by BUCKMAN 1924, pl. 468); Dundry, West End, Castle Farm; Inferior Oolite, Lower Ba-
jocian, “fissilobatum hemera” (= Ovale Zone, horizon Bj-5 or Bj-6b of CALLOMON 1995, re-
constructed after topotypes); BNHM C.41727 (J. W. TUTCHER collection). – ⳯1.
Measurements
d h w u r/2 h/d w/d u/d
BNHM C.41727SM ~83 49.0 17.5 ~3 30 0.59 0.21 0.03
SM X.29140 (Fig. 6) 103.5 57.0 23.2 7.5 (–) 0.55 0.22 0.07
14 stuttgarter beiträge zur naturkunde Ser. B, Nr. 373
Fig.6. Strigoceras compressum BUCKMAN, lateral view; Dundry, South Main Road Quarry; In-
ferior Oolite, bed 8a, Lower Bajocian, Ovale Zone, Witchellia romanoides horizon (= horizon
Bj-5 of CALLOMON 1995); SM X.29140 (leg. J. H. CALLOMON, ex RBC collection). – ⳯1.
Fig.7. A. Strigoceras strigifer (BUCKMAN), holotype, lateral and ventral views; Clatcombe near
Sherborne, Dorset; Inferior Oolite, Lower Bajocian, Laeviuscula Zone; BGS GSM 37316. B.
Strigoceras strigifer (BUCKMAN), lateral and ventral views; Oborne, Dorset, Frogden Quarry;
Inferior Oolite, Green-Grained Marl, Lower Bajocian, Laeviuscula Zone, Laeviuscula Sub-
zone, Witchellia laeviuscula horizon (= horizon Bj-10 of CALLOMON 1995); SMNS 65360
(leg. G. DIETL). C. Strigoceras languidum (BUCKMAN), lateral view; Albstadt-Streichen, SW
Germany; Ostreenkalk Formation, basal Humphriesioolith Member, Lower Bajocian, Sauzei
Zone; SMNS 65364 (leg. G. STAPPENBECK). – ⳯1.
schweigert et al., jurassic ammonite genera STRIGOCERAS /CADOMOCERAS 15
16 stuttgarter beiträge zur naturkunde Ser. B, Nr. 373
Holotype: BUCKMAN 1924, pl. 469A, BGS GSM 37316, re-figured here as Fig.7A.
Paratype: BUCKMAN 1924, pl. 469B, BGS GSM 37317.
Type locality: Clatcombe near Sherborne, Dorset.
Type horizon: Inferior Oolite (Early Bajocian, Laeviuscula Zone, as indicated by BUCK-
MAN 1924). The paratype is said to come from the Astarte spissa Bed = Green-grained Marl of
Dorset, the age of which is late Laeviuscula Zone.
Studied material: 10 specimens.
Stratigraphic range: Laeviuscula Zone.
Records: England, France, Spain, Portugal, Switzerland, Southern Alps, Apennines, Al-
geria, Morocco, Alaska (Peninsular Terrane).
Measurements
d h w u r/2 h/d w/d u/d
GSM 37316 (holotype) 112.0 66.0 25.0 5.5 – 0.59 0.22 0.05
dito 74.0 40.5 17.0 4.5 25 0.55 0.23 0.06
schweigert et al., jurassic ammonite genera STRIGOCERAS /CADOMOCERAS 17
Holotype: BUCKMAN 1924, pl. 477A, BGS GSM 37324, re-figured here as Fig.8B.
Paratype: BUCKMAN 1924, pl. 477B, BGS GSM 37325.
Type locality: Sandford Lane, Dorset, England.
Type horizon: Inferior Oolite, Fossil Bed, upper part (bed 6b of BUCKMAN 1893), Sauzei
Zone, horizon Bj-11 in CALLOMON (1995). The paratype comes from the Inferior Oolite, bed
10a of South Main Road Quarry (Bajocian, Sauzei Zone) at Dundry Hill near Bristol, see PAR-
SONS (1979: 148) and CHANDLER et al. 2006: fig. 1).
Stratigraphic range: Sauzei Zone.
Studied material: ca. 30 specimens.
18 stuttgarter beiträge zur naturkunde Ser. B, Nr. 373
schweigert et al., jurassic ammonite genera STRIGOCERAS /CADOMOCERAS 19
Fig.9. Strigoceras languidum (BUCKMAN), lateral view; Oborne, Frogden Quarry; Inferior
Oolite, bed 4a (section see CALLOMON 1995), Lower Bajocian, Sauzei Zone (horizon Bj-11 of
CALLOMON 1995); SM X40232 (leg. R. B. CHANDLER). – ⳯1.
Records: England, Scotland, France, SW Germany (this study, Fig. 7C), ? NW Germany,
Spain, Apennines, Hungary, Algeria, Morocco, Iran, Japan.
Fig.8. Strigoceras languidum (BUCKMAN), lateral and ventral views. A. Topotype; Sandford
Lane near Sherborne, Dorset; Inferior Oolite, bed 6b, Lower Bajocian, Sauzei Zone (horizon
Bj-11 of CALLOMON 1995); SMNS 67153 (ex coll. V. DIETZE). B. Holotype; Sandford Lane
near Sherborne, Dorset; Inferior Oolite, Lower Bajocian, Fossil Bed, upper part, Sauzei Zone
(horizon Bj-11 of CALLOMON 1995); BGS GSM 37324. C. Juvenile specimen; Riodeva,
Keltiberian Ranges, E Spain; Chelva Formation, bed 7 in section F of HINKELBEIN (1975, text-
fig. 13), Lower Bajocian, Sauzei Zone; SMNS 65362 (Coll. K. HINKELBEIN). – ⳯1.
20 stuttgarter beiträge zur naturkunde Ser. B, Nr. 373
ing regularly arranged retrocostate secondaries. The umbilicus is very narrow. Lat-
eral furrows are not seen due to the internal mould preservation.
Comparisons. – S. languidum differs mainly from older chronospecies e. g. S.
strigifer (BUCKMAN) in its overall denser and finer ribbing, in which primaries are
barely visible and the medium longitudinal furrow is interrupted by ribs crossing it.
Measurements
d h w u r/2 h/d w/d u/d
GSM 37324 (holotype) 57.0 31.5 15.0 4.0 ~21 0.55 0.26 0.07
RBC 28 43.0 25.0 9.5 2.8 28 0.58 0.22 0.07
RBC 19 68.0 40.0 15.3 4.5 27 0.59 0.23 0.07
SM X40232 (Fig. 9) ~98 ~57 24.0 4.0 25 0.58 0.24 0.04
SMNS 67153 (Fig. 8A) 116.3 68.5 28.0 4.5 22 0.59 0.24 0.04
v 1995 Strigoceras egertense n. sp. – OHMERT et al., p. 69, pl. 4, figs. 9–10.
v 1995 Strigoceras bessinum BRASIL. – OHMERT et al., p. 72, pl. 4, fig. 4.
1996 Strigoceras sp. – SADKI, tab.-fig. 46 pars.
? 1997 Strigoceras bessinum. – RIOULT et al., p. 47.
1997 Strigites pseudostrigifer. – RULLEAU, pl. 5, figs. 1–2.
1997 Strigites strigifer. – RULLEAU, pl. 5, figs. 4–5.
2000 Strigoceras sp. – HUXTABLE, p. 105.
2004 Strigoceras cf. strigifer (BUCKMAN). – KROBICKI & WIERZBOWSKI, pp. 73, 75.
2006 Strigoceras strigifer BUCKMAN. – RULLEAU, p. 112, pl. 88, fig. 1.
2006 Strigoceras pseudostrigifer MAUBEUGE. – RULLEAU, p. 112, pl. 88, fig. 2.
Holotype: BRASIL (1895, pl. 4, figs. 6–7), depository unknown, probably housed in the
collections of the University of Caen, France.
Type locality: Vicinity of Bayeux, Normandy, France.
Type horizon: Oolithe ferrugineuse de Bayeux (Late Bajocian, Humphriesianum Zone,
probably Romani Subzone, horizon à Dorsetensia edouardiana).
Stratigraphic range: Humphriesianum Zone.
Studied material: Ca. 25 specimens.
Records: England, France, Spain, Morocco, SW Germany, Switzerland, Southern Alps,
Sicily, Polish Carpathians.
Diagnosis. – Strigoceras with slender cross section, one weakly developed later-
al furrow; weak rectiradiate, polyschizotome ribbing.
Description. – See BRASIL (1895). The holotype of Strigoceras bessinum from
the Humphriesianum Zone is a dwarf variant of this chronospecies, becoming al-
most smooth very early in ontogeny (see p. 44). Although the typical ‘bessinum’
morphology seems to be restricted to the Humphriesianum Zone, where it is rather
abundant, the average morphology is represented by much larger and stronger
ribbed specimens figured here (see also RULLEAU 2006, figs. 1–2). These differ from
the older chronospecies S. languidum (BUCKMAN) in a denser and more radiate rib-
bing at a medium growth stage. In the younger chronospecies S. symplectum (BUCK-
MAN) the lateral furrow is more accentuated, and the width of the cross section is
larger. Morphologically transitional specimens are common. Taxonomically, they
can be treated as variety symplectum (BUCKMAN) within the chronospecies S. bess-
inum (BRASIL) (e. g. Figs. 10, 11A, 12).
Measurements
d h w u r/2 h/d w/d u/d
Holotype (after BRASIL 1895) 26.0 14.0 6.0 2.0 – 0.54 0.23 0.07
SMNS 65367 (Fig. 11C) 71.0 42.0 ~14 3.7 30 0.59 0.20 0.05
SM X40233 (Fig. 11B) 75.7 43.0 (–) 5.2 – 0.57 – 0.07
SMNS 65368 (Fig. 12) ~104 61.7 ~22 4.3 31 0.59 0.21 0.04
Fig.11. A. Strigoceras bessinum BRASIL var. symplectum (BUCKMAN), lateral view; Oborne,
Frogden Quarry, Inferior Oolite, bed 4b (section see CALLOMON 1995), Lower Bajocian,
Humphriesianum Zone, Romani Subzone (horizon Bj-14b of CALLOMON 1995); SMNS
67154 (ex coll. V. DIETZE). B. Strigoceras bessinum BRASIL, lateral view; same locality and bed
as Fig.11A; SM X40233 (ex RBC collection). C. Strigoceras bessinum BRASIL var. symplectum
(BUCKMAN), lateral view; Thurnau, Kanton Baselland, Switzerland; Humphriesioolith For-
mation, Lower Bajocian, Humphriesianum Zone, Humphriesianum Subzone; SMNS 65367.
– ⳯1.
24 stuttgarter beiträge zur naturkunde Ser. B, Nr. 373
Fig.12. Strigoceras bessinum BRASIL var. symplectum (BUCKMAN), lateral view; Öfingen, SW
Germany; Humphriesioolith Formation, Lower Bajocian, Humphriesianum Zone, Hum-
phriesianum Subzone, probably Stephanoceras umbilicum horizon; SMNS 65368 (ex coll. N.
WANNENMACHER). – ⳯1.
v pars 1886 Ammonites Truellei trifurcatus. – QUENSTEDT, p. 567, pl. 69, fig. 9, non fig. 8.
v? 1886 Ammonites Truellei. – QUENSTEDT, p. 570, pl. 69, fig. 13.
1891 Ammonites Truellei. – HAUG, p. 74.
v 1893 Strigoceras. – BUCKMAN, p. 500.
1896 Hecticoceras (?) pingue PAR. – PARONA, p. 12, pl. 1, fig. 5.
1896 Lunuloceras canovincola DE GREG. – PARONA, p. 13, pl. 1, fig. 6.
1896 Oppelia? propefusca DE GREG. – PARONA, p. 14, pl. 1, figs. 8–9.
1906 Strigoceras Truellei D’ORB. – LISSAJOUS, p. 693.
1923 Oppelia paronai. – TRAUTH, pp. 183, 185. – [1923a].
? 1923 Strigoceras Truellei D’ORB. sp. – FALLOT & BLANCHET, pl. 4, fig. 8; pl. 6, fig. 5;
pl. 9, fig. 4.
v * 1924 Plectostrigites symplectus, nov. – BUCKMAN, pl. 471.
v pars 1928 Strigoceras Parkinsoni QU. – SCHEURLEN, pl. 1, fig. 12, non figs. 13–16 [= Phlyc-
ticeras dorsocavatum (QUENSTEDT), see SCHWEIGERT & DIETZE 1998].
1939 Strigoceras cf. strigifer BUCKMAN. – ROCHÉ, p. 166, pl. 6, fig. 3.
1958 Strigoceras sp. juv. cf. compressus. – WILSON et al., p. 96.
pars 1964 Strigoceras truellei. – RIOULT, p. 245.
schweigert et al., jurassic ammonite genera STRIGOCERAS /CADOMOCERAS 25
Holotype: BUCKMAN (1924, pl. 471), BGS GSM 37319, re-figured here as Fig.13A.
Type locality: Frogden Quarry, Oborne, Dorset, England.
Type horizon: Inferior Oolite, bed 6a (for section see PARSONS 1979; Niortense Zone,
Baculata Subzone, faunal horizon Bj-23 in CALLOMON 1995).
Stratigraphic range: Niortense Zone.
Studied material: Ca. 30 specimens.
Records: Spain, France, SW Germany, England, Algeria, Southern Alps, Sicily, Hungary,
Caucasus (Dagestan), Turkmenistan, Mexico.
Diagnosis. – Strigoceras with a slender cross section, one deep, prominent me-
dian lateral furrow, and prorsiradiate polyschizotome ribbing.
Description. – See detailed description in SANDOVAL (1985: 96) for Strigoceras
paronai (TRAUTH). The holotype of S. symplectum is a moderately large specimen,
partly with shell preserved. It exhibits a prominent longitudinal striation, particular-
䊴 Fig.13. Strigoceras symplectum (BUCKMAN). A. Holotype, lateral and ventral views; Frogden
Quarry, Oborne, Dorset, England; Inferior Oolite, bed 6a (for section see PARSONS 1979),
Upper Bajocian, Niortense Zone, Baculata Subzone (horizon Bj-23 of CALLOMON 1995);
BGS GSM 37319. B. Lateral view; Bretteville-sur-Odon, Normandy, France; Oolithe ferrugi-
neuse de Bayeux, Upper Bajocian, Niortense Zone; SMNS 65377 (Coll. G. SCHWEIGERT). C.
Topotype, lateral view; Oborne, Dorset, Frogden Quarry; Inferior Oolite, bed 6a (for section
see PARSONS 1979), Upper Bajocian, Niortense Zone, Baculata Subzone (horizon Bj-23 of
CALLOMON 1995); SMNS 65373 (leg. G. DIETL). D. Lateral view; Oborne, Dorset, Frogden
Quarry; Inferior Oolite, bed 6a (for section see PARSONS 1979), Upper Bajocian, Niortense
Zone, Banksii Subzone (horizon Bj-20 of CALLOMON 1995); SMNS 67155 (ex coll. V. DIET-
ZE). – ⳯1.
Fig.14. Strigoceras symplectum (BUCKMAN). A. Lateral and ventral views; Streichen near Ba- 䊳
lingen, SW Germany; Ostreenkalk Formation, Subfurcatenoolith Member, Lower Bajocian,
Niortense Zone, Banksii Subzone; SMNS 65371 (leg. G. DIETL & M. KAPITZKE). B. Lateral
view of a juvenile specimen; Zimmern near Balingen, SW Germany; Ostreenkalk Formation,
Subfurcatenoolith Member, Upper Bajocian, Niortense Zone; SMNS 65372 (leg. G. DIETL &
M. KAPITZKE). C. Lateral view of a juvenile specimen; Rabanera I, Keltiberian Ranges, NE
Spain (for section see DIETL 1974: 6); Chelva Formation, Upper Bajocian, Niortense Zone;
SMNS 65374 (leg. G. DIETL). D. Ventral and lateral views; Albarracín, Keltiberian Ranges, E
Spain; Chelva Formation, bed 27f in section A of HINKELBEIN (1975, text-fig. 11), Upper Ba-
jocian, Niortense Zone; SMNS 65375 (Coll. K. HINKELBEIN). E. Lateral view; motorway cut
near Aichelberg, SW Germany; Ostreenkalk Formation, Subfurcatenoolith Member, Upper
Bajocian, Niortense Zone, Polygyralis Subzone; SMNS 67156 (ex coll. V. DIETZE). – B ⳯1.5,
others ⳯1.
28 stuttgarter beiträge zur naturkunde Ser. B, Nr. 373
schweigert et al., jurassic ammonite genera STRIGOCERAS /CADOMOCERAS 29
30 stuttgarter beiträge zur naturkunde Ser. B, Nr. 373
Fig.16. A–F Strigoceras symplectum (BUCKMAN) and G–I corresponding microconch di-
morph Cadomoceras nepos (PARONA); Upper Bajocian, Niortense Zone. A, B, E, F. West
Turkmenistan, Great Balkhan Range, South of Porsaiman source; lower part of Tschaloi For-
mation; VNIGNI N 115/1985, N 115/7393, N 115/7390, N 115/1983. C, D. West Turkmeni-
stan, Great Balkhan Range, South of Schorli source; lower part of Tschaloi Formation;
VNIGNI N 115/7387, N 115/7391. G, I. West Turkmenistan, Great Balkhan Range, Kara-
iman source; lower part of Tschaloi Formation; NIGNI N 115/7287, N 115/7991. H. North
Caucasus, Dagestan, section near the village Irganai; uppermost part of Kumuh Formation;
VNIGNI N 115/7283. – ⳯1.
ly bordering the lateral furrows. This is shown clearly by BUCKMAN’s shell rubbings.
The rather widely-spaced ribbing is slightly prorsiradiate, polyschizotome, most
with one or two secondaries intercalated between longer primaries. The ventral ends
of the secondaries are truncated. Although the oxycone cross section is compara-
tively slender, the median longitudinal furrow is prominent. In large specimens weak
furrows around the umbilicus are developed ventrally to the median furrow. This is
seen due to a weakening of the striation in the furrows. In S. symplectum thicker
specimens with coarse ribbing persisting to the innermost whorls occur rather fre-
quently within the variability of the species.
Measurements
d h w u r/2 h/d w/d u/d
GSM 37319 (holotype) 91.0 53.5 20.0 4.5 25 0.59 0.22 0.05
SMNS 65371 (Fig. 14A) 58.0 30.7 14.3 5.5 20 0.53 0.25 0.09
SMNS 65378 (Fig. 15B) 85.0 50.0 22.5 4.1 29 0.59 0.26 0.05
SMNS 65377 (Fig. 13B) 95.0 54.3 22.5 4.8 36 0.57 0.24 0.05
SMNS 67157 (Fig. 15A) 99.0 57.0 25.7 5.8 24 0.58 0.26 0.06
v pars 1886 Ammonites Truellei. – QUENSTEDT, p. 565, pl. 69, figs. 11–12 only.
1912 Strigoceras Truellei, SOWERBY. – ROMAN & GENNEVAUX, p. 88, pl. 3, fig. 3.
v * 1924 Strigites septicarinatus nov. sp. – BUCKMAN, pl. 470.
? 1927 Oppelia (Strigoceras) truellei D’ORBIGNY. – ROMAN & PÉTOURAUD, p. 50.
1953 Strigoceras sp. – MOUTERDE, p. 211.
v? 1963 Strigites pseudostrigifer. – WENDT, p. 118, pl. 17, fig. 3.
pars 1964 Strigoceras truellei. – RIOULT, p. 245.
1965 Strigoceras truellei (D’ORBIGNY). – MENSINK, p. 82.
1968 Strigoceras truellei. – PAVIA & STURANI, p. 314.
1970 Strigoceras truellei (D’ORB.). – GALÁCZ, p. 119.
1970 Strigoceras septicarinatum. – SENIOR et al., p. 117.
1970 Strigoceras compressum. – SENIOR et al., p. 117.
v pars 1974 Strigoceras truellei (D’ORB.). – DIETL, table 1.
v pars 1975 Strigoceras truellei (D’ORBIGNY). – HINKELBEIN, p. 156, tab.-figs. 11–12.
1982 Strigoceras paronai. – FERNÁNDEZ LÓPEZ, tab.-fig. 2.
1982 Strigoceras truellei. – FERNÁNDEZ LÓPEZ, tab.-fig. 2.
1983 Strigites paronai (TRAUTH). – PAVIA, p. 69, pl. 8, fig. 3.
1983 Strigoceras sp. – SANDOVAL, tab.-figs. 21, 26, 36, 41, 48.
1983 Strigoceras cf. truellei (D’ORB.). – SANDOVAL, tab.-figs. 29, 48, 67.
1983 Strigoceras truellei (D’ORB.). – SANDOVAL, tab.-figs. 67, 68, 69, 77A.
1983 Strigoceras paronai (TRAUTH). – SANDOVAL, tab.-figs. 69, 77A.
v 1985 Strigoceras septicarinatum BUCKM. 1924. – SCHLEGELMILCH, pl. 21, fig. 2 (re-fig-
uration of BUCKMAN’s holotype).
1986 Strigoceras cf. pseudostrigifer (MAUBEUGE, 1955). – SANDOVAL & WESTERMANN,
p. 1230, pl. 12, figs. 3–4.
? 1987 Strigoceras simplectum (BUCKM.). – ENAY et al., p. 112.
1988 Strigoceras septicarinatum. – FERNÁNDEZ LÓPEZ & AURELL, tab.-fig. 4.
1990 Strigoceras sp. – SANDOVAL, tab.-fig. 3.
1991 Strigoceras sp. – HUXTABLE, p. 197.
1994 Strigoceras sp. – SANDOVAL, pl. 2, fig. 5.
1995 Strigoceras paronai. – GAUTHIER et al., p. 322.
1996 Strigoceras symplectum. – GAUTHIER et al., pl. 8, fig. 4.
1997 Strigoceras. – RIOULT et al., p. 51.
1997 Strigoceras cf. paronai. – FERNÁNDEZ LÓPEZ et al., tab.-fig. 12.
1997 Strigoceras cf. truellei. – FERNÁNDEZ LÓPEZ et al., tab.-fig. 12.
1997 Strigoceras trullei (D’ORBIGNY 1845). – SCHLAMPP, p. 194, fig. top right.
v? 2000 Strigoceras paronai. – BESNOSOV & MITTA, pl. 1, figs. 5–6.
v 2002 Strigoceras sp. – DIETZE et al., p. 40.
v 2002 Strigoceras sp. – SCHWEIGERT et al., p. 9.
2003 Strigoceras truellei (ORBIGNY). – RICHTER, p. 331, text-fig. bottom.
v 2004 Strigoceras septicarinatum (S. BUCKMAN). – DIETZE et al., p. 68.
Holotype: BUCKMAN (1924, pl. 470), BGS GSM 37318, re-figured here as Fig.17A.
Type locality: Burton Bradstock, Dorset, England.
32 stuttgarter beiträge zur naturkunde Ser. B, Nr. 373
schweigert et al., jurassic ammonite genera STRIGOCERAS /CADOMOCERAS 33
Fig.18. A. Strigoceras septicarinatum (BUCKMAN) var. truellei (D’ORBIGNY), lateral view; Vil-
lel, Keltiberian Ranges, E Spain; bed 19 in section E of HINKELBEIN (1975, fig. 12), Upper Ba-
jocian, Garantiana Zone; SMNS 65376 (Coll. K. HINKELBEIN). B. Strigoceras truellei (D’OR-
BIGNY) var. septicarinatum BUCKMAN, lateral view; Burton Bradstock, Freshwater Caravan
Park; Inferior Oolite, Upper Bajocian, Parkinsoni Zone, Acris Subzone, Parkinsonia ra-
recostata horizon (= horizon Bj-26b of CALLOMON 1995); SM X.29151 (leg. D. SOLE, ex RBC
collection). – ⳯1.
Type horizon: Inferior Oolite, Shell Bed P. I of BUCKMAN 1910 (Parkinsoni Zone, Acris
Subzone, rarecostata horizon, see DIETZE 2000; CHANDLER et al. 2001; DIETZE et al. 2002).
Stratigraphic range: Garantiana Zone to early Parkinsoni Zone (Acris Subzone).
Studied material: 30 specimens.
Records: S Germany, Spain, France, England, Hungary, Southern Alps, Turkmenistan,
Alaska (Wrangellia Terrane), Morocco, Mexico, ?Sicily.
Fig.17. Strigoceras septicarinatum (BUCKMAN), lateral and ventral views. A. Holotype. Bur-
ton Bradstock, Dorset, England; Inferior Oolite, Shell Bed P. I of BUCKMAN 1910, Upper Ba-
jocian, Parkinsoni Zone, Acris Subzone, Parkinsonia rarecostata horizon; BGS GSM 37318.
B. Bopfingen-Oberdorf, SW Germany; Sengenthal Formation, Bifurcatenoolith Member, bed
B3 in DIETZE et al. (2002), Upper Bajocian, Garantiana Zone, Garantiana Subzone, Garantia-
na subgaranti horizon; SMNS 67158 (ex coll. V. DIETZE). – ⳯1.
34 stuttgarter beiträge zur naturkunde Ser. B, Nr. 373
stronger secondaries that are falcoid, with some swollen bifurcation points. On the
bodychamber these become weak, with some retaining a swollen crescent ornament.
In larger specimens the ribbing resembles that of the phragmocone of the holotype,
but persists later in ontogeny.
Comparisons. – S. septicarinatum (BUCKMAN) represents a direct phyletic an-
cestor of S. truellei differing from it in possessing a generally more slender whorl
section and stronger lateral furrows. Nodular swelling of the primaries is very typi-
cal of this chronospecies, otherwise seen only in some coarsely ribbed variants of S.
truellei. Within the variation of the chronospecies S. septicarinatum (BUCKMAN)
there are some morphologically transient forms in which swollen ribs only rarely
occur, here treated as S. septicarinatum (BUCKMAN) var. truellei (e. g. Fig.18A). In
the older chronospecies S. symplectum (BUCKMAN), swollen primaries may occur
only exceptionally in some extreme variants.
Identification of a well-preserved specimen of S. septicarinatum (BUCKMAN) in a
Middle Jurassic section of the Wrangellia Terrane in southern Alaska (Fig.19) pro-
vides an estimate of the age. Soft shales with scattered fossiliferous concretions
(Tuxedni Group, lower Chinitna Formation) occur at levels probably equivalent to
schweigert et al., jurassic ammonite genera STRIGOCERAS /CADOMOCERAS 35
Fig.20. Oxycerites cf. aspidoides (OPPEL), lateral view; same locality and bed as Fig.19. Uni-
versity of Alaska Museum, Fairbanks, AK, Earth Sciences, no. A 2489.10 (leg. J. H. CAL-
LOMON & R. C. ALLISON). – Diameter of specimen 140 mm.
the upper part of the Cranocephalites costidensus Beds in IMLAY’s section (see IMLAY
1980, fig. 4). The specimen was found together with Oxycerites cf. aspidoides (OP-
PEL) (Fig.20). The lectotype of Oxycerites aspidoides comes from the Upper Bajo-
cian, late Parkinsoni Zone, of SW Germany (DIETL 1982). This Strigoceras is record-
ed as being slightly older, the equivalent of the Garantiana Zone or at least Acris
Subzone of the early Parkinsoni Zone.
Measurements
d h w u r/2 h/d w/d u/d
GSM 37318 (holotype) 74.5 44.5 19.0 1.5 ~25 0.60 0.26 0.01
SMNS 67158 (Fig. 17B) 104.7 57.0 28.2 4.3 28 0.54 0.27 0.04
36 stuttgarter beiträge zur naturkunde Ser. B, Nr. 373
v * 1845 Ammonites Truellei. – D’ORBIGNY, pl. 117, figs. 1–3 (= lectotype), pl. 129,
figs. 1–2.
1856 Ammonites Truellei D’ORB. 1845. – OPPEL, p. 492.
v 1857 Ammonites truellei. – QUENSTEDT, p. 525, pl. 69, fig. 23.
1860 Ammonites Truellei D’ORBIGNY 1845. – OOSTER, p. 61.
v non 1865 Ammonites Truellei ORBIGNY. – SCHLOENBACH, p. 173, pl. 3, fig. 2 (= Phlyc-
ticeras dorsocavatum (QUENSTEDT), see SCHWEIGERT & DIETZE 1998).
pars 1878 Amaltheus Truellei. – NEUMAYR, p. 68.
1878 Oppelia Truellei D’ORBIGNY, sp. – BAYLE, pl. 89, figs. 1, 3–4.
1884 Amaltheus Truellei. – DOUVILLÉ, pp. 34–35, text-fig. 16.
v pars 1886 Ammonites Truellei. – QUENSTEDT, p. 565, pl. 69, fig. 7 only.
v pars 1886 Ammonites Truellei trifurcatus. – QUENSTEDT, pl. 69, fig. 8 only [Fig. 21B].
1893 Strigoceras Truellei. – BUCKMAN, p. 487.
1896 A. Truellei D’ORB. – KOKEN, p. 648.
1906 Strigoceras Truellei D’ORB. – LISSAJOUS, p. 694.
1908 Amaltheus (Strigoceras) Truellei. – ENGEL, pp. 329, 340.
1910 Strigoceras truellei. – BUCKMAN, pp. 55, 73.
? 1923 Strigoceras Truellei D’ORB. sp. – TRAUTH, p. 228. – [1923a].
v 1924 Strigoceras truellei D’ORBIGNY sp. 1846. – BUCKMAN, pl. 472.
v 1924 Strigoceras gracile QUENSTEDT sp. – BUCKMAN, pl. 585.
v 1928 Strigoceras Truellei D’ORB. – SCHEURLEN, p. 7, pl. 1, figs. 5, 7–11.
1935 Strigoceras Truellei D’ORB. sp. – BIRCHER, p. 133, tab. D.
v 1938 Strigoceras Truellei D’ORB. – ROMAN, pl. 17, fig. 178. – [re-figuration of holo-
type]
1939 Strigoceras symplectus. – ROCHÉ, p. 166.
1939 Strigoceras septicarinatus. – ROCHÉ, p. 166.
1952 Strigoceras truellei. – KUMM, p. 430.
1955 Strigoceras truellei (D’ORB.). – WESTERMANN, p. 521.
1956 Strigoceras truellei. – ARKELL, p. 366.
1957 Strigoceras truellei (ORB.). – ARKELL, p. L272, text-fig. 314.1.
1958 Strigoceras aff. truellei (D’ORB.). – WILSON et al., p. 91.
1961 Strigoceras truellei (D’ORBIGNY). – DOLLFUSS, p. 95, pl. 2, fig. 4.
v 1963 Strigoceras kuznetsovi sp. nov. – KRYMHOLTZ & STANKEVITCH, p. 112, pl. 1,
figs. 6–7.
1964 Strigoceras truellei (D’ORBIGNY). – STURANI, pl. 2, fig. 1. – [1964a].
1964 Strigoceras truellei (D’ORBIGNY). – STURANI, p. 37, pl. 5, fig. 6. – [1964b].
1964 Strigoceras truellei. – HÖLDER, p. 90.
1964 Strigoceras truellei. – RIOULT, p. 246.
1968 Strigoceras truellei. – PAVIA & STURANI, p. 315.
non 1969 Strigoceras septicarinatum (BUCKMAN). – MIHAJLOVIC, p. 61, pl. 2, fig. 6, pl. 3,
fig. 1 (= Prohecticoceras bisculptum (OPPEL), see GALÁCZ 1999: 156).
1969 Strigoceras gracilis (QUENSTEDT). – TORRENS, p. 327.
1969 Strigoceras septicarinatus S. S. BUCKMAN. – TORRENS, p. 327.
1970 Strigoceras cf. truellei (D’ORB.). – GALÁCZ, p. 119.
1970 Strigoceras septicarinatum (BUCKMAN). – SENIOR et al., pp. 114, 117.
1970 Strigoceras truellei (D’ORB.) – SENIOR et al., p. 116.
1970 Strigoceras compressum ETHERIDGE. – SENIOR et al., p. 117.
1971 Strigoceras truellei (D’ORB.). – RIOULT, p. 380.
1971 Strigoceras truellei (D’ORB.). – STURANI, p. 69.
1971 Strigoceras truellei (D’ORBIGNY). – KRYSTYN, p. 498.
1972 Strigoceras truellei (D’ORBIGNY). – KRYSTYN, p. 246, text-fig. 15.
pars 1973 Strigoceras truellei. – PAVIA, table 3.
v 1977 Strigoceras truellei. – DIETL, p. 16.
v 1977 Strigoceras truellei D’ORB. – BENETTI, p. 232, text-figs. 10–11.
1978 Strigoceras sp. – SEQUEIROS et al., p. 297.
schweigert et al., jurassic ammonite genera STRIGOCERAS /CADOMOCERAS 37
Lectotype: D’ORBIGNY (1845, pl. 117, figs. 1–3) MNHN IPM-R 4117 (coll. D’ORBIGNY
no. 2135-1), designated as “holotype” by RIOULT et al. in FISCHER (1994: 103); re-figured here
as Fig. 21A. This specimen is very close to the illustration of D’ORBIGNY’s specimen, although
there are 3 syntypes in D’ORBIGNY’s collection. Hence the “holotype” may be considered as a
lectotype.
Type locality: Vicinity of Bayeux, Calvados, France.
Type horizon: Oolithe ferrugineuse de Bayeux (Late Bajocian, Parkinsoni Zone, Tru-
ellei Subzone).
Stratigraphic range: Middle Parkinsoni Zone (Truellei Subzone) – late Parkinsoni
Zone (Bomfordi Subzone).
Studied material: Ca. 25 specimens.
Records: France, England, SW Germany, Central Poland, Switzerland, S Spain, Southern
Alps, Eastern Alps, Carpathians, W Sicily, Hungary, Caucasus.
Fig.21. Strigoceras truellei (D’ORBIGNY). A. Lectotype, lateral and ventral views; surround- 䊳
ings of Bayeux, France; Oolithe ferrugineuse de Bayeux, Upper Bajocian, Parkinsoni Zone;
MNHN IPM-R 4117 (coll. D’ORBIGNY no. 2135-1). B. Original specimen of Ammonites
truellei trifurcatus QUENSTEDT 1886, pl. 69, fig. 8, lateral view; according to lithology not
coming from “Oberer Brauner Jura delta of Geisingen” as indicated on the label and in the
publication, but from the Sengenthal Formation, Parkinsonienoolith Member of the Ipf area
in eastern Swabia; Upper Bajocian, Parkinsoni Zone, Truellei Subzone; IFGT, QUENSTEDT
collection, without number. – A: ⳯2/3, B: ⳯0.5.
38 stuttgarter beiträge zur naturkunde Ser. B, Nr. 373
schweigert et al., jurassic ammonite genera STRIGOCERAS /CADOMOCERAS 39
40 stuttgarter beiträge zur naturkunde Ser. B, Nr. 373
Fig.23. Strigoceras truellei (D’ORBIGNY), ventral and lateral views of a relatively slender and
fine-ribbed specimen; Burton Bradstock, beach exposure; Inferior Oolite, Truellei Bed (bed
13 b of CALLOMON & CHANDLER 1994), Upper Bajocian, Parkinsoni Zone, Truellei Subzone,
Parkinsonia parkinsoni β horizon; SM X40234 (ex RBC collection). – ⳯1.
䊴 Fig.22. Strigoceras truellei (D’ORBIGNY). A. Lateral view. Burton Bradstock, Dorset, beach
exposure; Inferior Oolite, Truellei Bed (bed 13 b of CALLOMON & CHANDLER 1994), Upper
Bajocian, Parkinsoni Zone, Truellei Subzone, parkinsoni β horizon; SMNS 67159 (ex coll. V.
DIETZE). B. Lateral view; same locality and horizon as Fig.A; SMNS 65381 (ex coll. N.
SCHAFFELD). C. Lateral view (= original specimen figured by DIETZE & DIETL 2006, fig. 6).
Bopfingen, SW Germany, Oberer Kreuzheckenweg; Sengenthal Formation, Parkin-
sonienoolith Member, Upper Bajocian, Parkinsoni Zone, Truellei Subzone; SMNS 66129 (leg.
H.-D. BOLTER). – ⳯1.
schweigert et al., jurassic ammonite genera STRIGOCERAS /CADOMOCERAS 41
also recorded from the same bed and locality (MATYJA & WIERZBOWSKI 2000). These
data suggest an age of Bomfordi Subzone of the Parkinsoni Zone. This is therefore
the only hitherto documented Strigoceras of this age.
Strigoceras kuznetsovi KRYMHOLTZ & STANKEVITCH was recorded from the Late
Bajocian or earliest Bathonian of Dagestan. Both syntypes of this species represent
nuclei or juvenile specimens that do not differ significantly from nuclei of true S. tru-
ellei (D’ORBIGNY) so that a specific separation of this taxon seems arbitrary.
Measurements
d h w u r/2 h/d w/d u/d
MNHN, IPM-R 4117 (lectotype) 158.5 89.5 42.0 10.0 (–) 0.56 0.26 0.06
SMNS 66129 (Fig. 22C) 55.0 29.5 18.8 4.0 19 0.54 0.34 0.07
SM X40234 (Fig. 23) 100.0 58.0 28.0 7.0 38 0.58 0.28 0.07
SMNS 67159 (Fig. 22A) 139.0 81.2 ~50 7.8 (–) 0.58 0.36 0.06
Holotype: Specimen illustrated on Fig. 25, housed in the SMNS, no. 65380 (leg. A. & D.
BERGER, Wiesloch).
Derivation of name: In honour of Prof. Dr. JOHN H. CALLOMON, London, our friend
and renown ammonitologist, who has instructed us in principles of stratigraphy, taxonomy,
and nomenclature.
Type locality: St. Honorine-des-Pertes, Calvados, France.
Type horizon: The holotype is an ex-situ find, according to the lithology of the rock ma-
trix coming from the middle limestone bed of the Couches de Passage Member (Zigzag Zone,
Macrescens Subzone, see DUGUÉ et al. 1998, figs. 28, 31). The preservational state of the holo-
type of S. callomoni n. sp. excludes reworking of this specimen.
Stratigraphic range: Early Bathonian.
Studied material: 1 specimen (holotype).
Records: N France, ? SE Spain.
Fig.25. Strigoceras callomoni n. sp., holotype, lateral and ventral views; St. Honorine-des-
Pertes, Calvados, France; “Couches de Passage”, most probably middle limestone bed, Low-
er Bathonian, Zigzag Zone, Macrescens Subzone, for stratigraphy see DUGUÉ et al. (1998, figs.
28, 31); SMNS 65380 (leg. A. & D. BERGER). – ⳯1.
semble S. callomoni n. sp. by their almost unribbed striate shell. The fourth lateral
depression is unknown in other Strigoceras species. Only one specimen is available
so we can say nothing about its intraspecific variability.
The juvenile specimen figured by FERNÁNDEZ LÓPEZ (2000, pl. 1, fig. 8) as
“Phlycticeras dorsocavatum” lacks lateral spiral grooves but exhibits broad falcoid
ribs. It most likely represents a Strigoceras rather than a Phlycticeras. In respect of its
stratigraphical position (Parvum Subzone of Early Bathonian) this specimen could
belong to S. callomoni n. sp., but it is not comparable with the holotype because of
its minute size.
Measurements
d h w u r/2 h/d w/d u/d
SMNS 65380 (holotype) 105.5 60.3 28.0 5.8 – 0.57 0.27 0.05
44 stuttgarter beiträge zur naturkunde Ser. B, Nr. 373
shell but is lacking both in the inner and outer prismatic layers. In the inner pris-
matic layer, there are rows of minute tubercles arranged more or less radially, but in
an irregular pattern. In calcite preservation the inner prismatic layer is usually re-
crystallised and welded to the nacreous layer. The distance between the rows of tu-
bercles on the inner prismatic layer is the same as the width of the striae in the nacre-
ous layer. This nacreous layer is striate, with dense striae each of equal size. The
grooves between the striae fit exactly with the underlying tubercles of the inner pris-
matic layer. The nacreous layer is the thickest and hence often preserved. The outer
prismatic layer is smooth. Originally it was covered by an organic periostracum that
is never preserved due to a lack of specimens from bituminous shales. The outer
prismatic layer was not preserved in the specimens studied by SCHEURLEN (1928), so
this author erroneously observed Strigoceras to have only two shell layers.
The shell structure of Strigoceras does not differ principally from that of Phlyc-
ticeras; only the striate nacreous layer is more accentuated in the latter, so that the
relatively thin inner and outer prismatic layers also takes on a striate overprint.
CALLOMON (in DONOVAN et al. 1981) interpreted the unique Vastites vastus
ARKELL, 1951 from the Lower Bathonian of Doulting in Somerset as a late strigo-
ceratid. To our knowledge, Vastites has never been recorded elsewhere besides the
holotype. In the inner whorls the shell bears a striation (pers. comm. J. H. CAL-
LOMON, London) not visible in the photographs provided by ARKELL (1951), and
the cross-section shows a high, floored (septicarinate) keel. In addition, the orna-
ment consisting of faint radial lirae resembles that of a lytoceratid. This may repre-
sent remains of the innermost shell layer (see above). The suture line is much simpler
than that of Strigoceras. Lateral furrows are not developed on the flanks in the adult
stage, but we cannot say anything of the nature of the inner whorls. A striation-like
shell structure superficially resembling that of Strigoceras also occurs in other Mid-
dle Jurassic ammonite lineages (cf. SCHEURLEN 1928; JAWORSKI 1926, pl. 3, figs. 1c,
11; DORN 1935, pl. 23, fig. 2). ARKELL (1951) and MAUBEUGE (in ARKELL 1951) both
suggested a sonniniid ancestry of Vastites. For the moment, the systematic position
of Vastites within strigoceratids must remain doubtful.
The genus Strungia ARKELL, 1952 was indeed polyphyletic already when estab-
lished. Its striate type species, Oppelia redlichi POPOVICI-HATZEG, represents an ear-
ly offshoot of Phlycticeras in the Middle Bathonian and clearly belongs to Phlyc-
ticeratinae (SCHWEIGERT et al. 2003). Another “Strungia” described from Central
Arabia (ARKELL 1952) exhibits falcoid ribbing. This unique “Strungia” arabica
ARKELL displays a relatively wide umbilicus and hardly resembles a strigoceratid. It
may be better interpreted as a microconch of the co-occurring genus Mi-
cromphalites. Also the Callovian species “Strungia” voultensis LISSAJOUS differs sig-
nificantly from the characteristics of S. redlichi (see ELMI 1967) and represents a hec-
ticoceratid.
In the Late Bajocian, or little earlier, the Strigoceras stock gave rise to the enig-
matic genus Granulochetoceras GEYER, 1960 (Type species: Ammonites uracensis
DIETLEN) via Granulochetoceras oppeliisculptum n. sp. from the Garantiana Zone, as
demonstrated below. As a consequence, the stratigraphic range of Strigoceratinae ex-
46 stuttgarter beiträge zur naturkunde Ser. B, Nr. 373
tends from the Middle Aalenian to the Late Kimmeridgian, much longer than sup-
posed in all previous phyletic trees of oppeliid relatives (e. g., ELMI 1967; DONOVAN
et al. 1981).
Fig.26. A. Granulochetoceras oppeliisculptum n. sp., holotype, lateral view; Aldea del Pinar,
NE Spain (for locality see DIETL 1974); Upper Bajocian, Garantiana Zone, probably Di-
chotoma Subzone; SMNS 65379 (leg. G. DIETL). B. Granulochetoceras hungaricum (LÓCZY),
lateral view; Herznach iron mine, Herznach, Switzerland; “Anceps-Athleta-Schichten”, Up-
per Callovian, Athleta Zone; NHMB J 19643 (leg. F. JENNY). C. Granulochetoceras argonau-
toides (MAYER), lateral view; Wasserberg near Schlat, E Swabia, SW Germany; La-
cunosamergel Formation, Lower Kimmeridgian, Divisum Zone; SMNS 65359. D. Granul-
ochetoceras argonautoides (MAYER), lateral view, showing the striation on the flank; Grui-
bingen, E Swabia, SW Germany; Lacunosamergel Formation, Lower Kimmeridgian, proba-
bly Divisum Zone; IFGT 1905-1. – A–C: ⳯1; D: ⳯1.5.
furrows or depressions are developed, the inner one being slightly stronger than the
outer. A further shallow depression is also developed between the umbilical wall and
the inner lateral furrow. The umbilical wall is rather steep, but rounded. The phrag-
mocone bears a longitudinal striation. The suture line is very complicate even in the
premature stage.
Comparisons. – If the pre-mature “oppeliid” ribbing stage or the keel is pre-
served, S. oppeliisculptum n. sp. cannot be misidentified. The mature stage resembles
48 stuttgarter beiträge zur naturkunde Ser. B, Nr. 373
Prior to the recent revision of the genus Phlycticeras HYATT, 1900 (SCHWEIGERT
& DIETZE 1998), some early representatives of this genus have often been included
in the striate genus Strigoceras, despite the significantly differing keel, their lack of
schweigert et al., jurassic ammonite genera STRIGOCERAS /CADOMOCERAS 49
Fig.27. Hebetoxyites incongruens BUCKMAN, holotype, ventral and lateral views; Sandford
Lane near Sherborne, S England; Inferior Oolite, Fossil Bed, Brocchii Bed of BUCKMAN 1893,
Lower Bajocian, Laeviuscula Zone; BGS GSM 47539. – ⳯1.
Fig.28. Cadomoceras costellatum BUCKMAN, holotype, lateral and ventral views; Sandford
Lane near Sherborne, S England; Inferior Oolite, Fossil Bed, middle Brocchii Bed of BUCK-
MAN 1893, Lower Bajocian, Laeviuscula Zone; BGS GSM 37307. – ⳯2.
Holotype: BUCKMAN (1923, pl. 457) BGS GSM 37307; re-figured herein as Fig.28.
Type locality: Sandford Lane, Dorset, England.
Type horizon: Inferior Oolite, Sandford Lane Fossil Bed, “Brocchi Bed” (Early Bajo-
cian, late Laeviuscula Zone).
Stratigraphic range: Discites Zone to Laeviuscula Zone; cf.-specimens were recorded
from the Discites Zone and Ovale Zone of Spain and Morocco (SANDOVAL 1990: 145; SADKI
1994a: text-figs. 3–4, pl. 28; SADKI 1996, tab.-figs. 13, 46). The stratigraphically oldest un-
equivocal specimen is recorded from Sicily by WENDT (1971). It comes from an ammonite as-
semblage recovered from a neptunian dyke of early Discites Zone age, according to the co-oc-
currence of Rhodaniceras prosphues (BUCKMAN), Eudmetoceras sp. and Haplopleuroceras sp.
indicative of this level (cf. SADKI 1994a, fig. 2, 1994b, fig. 3).
Studied material: 7 specimens.
Records: England, Spain, Western Alps, Sicily, Morocco, ? NW Germany.
Measurements
d h w u h/d w/d u/d
GSM 37307 (holotype) 23.2 11.0 6.8 4.5 0.47 0.29 0.19
Holotype: BUCKMAN (1923, pl. 456), BGS GSM 37306; re-figured here as Fig.29.
Type locality: Dundry Hill, near Bristol, Avon, England.
Type horizon: Inferior Oolite, bed 10b of South Main Road Quarry (Bajocian, Sauzei
Zone), see PARSONS (1979: 148).
Stratigraphic range: Sauzei Zone.
Studied material: 10 specimens.
Records: England, Spain, Morocco, Southern Alps, Sicily, SW Germany, NW Germany
(this study, Fig. 31D).
Fig.29. Cadomoceras carinatum BUCKMAN, holotype, lateral and ventral views; Dundry,
Somerset, S England; Inferior Oolite, Ironshot Bed, Lower Bajocian, Sauzei Zone; BGS GSM
37306. – ⳯2.
nate after which it becomes rounded. C. ellipticum BUCKMAN (Fig.30) does not dif-
fer significantly from C. carinatum BUCKMAN and also exhibits the typical carinate
venter. Both type specimens come from the same bed and horizon and must be re-
garded as conspecific. The date of erection of the two taxa was the same and we pre-
54 stuttgarter beiträge zur naturkunde Ser. B, Nr. 373
Measurements
d h w u h/d w/d u/d
GSM 37306 (holotype) 24.0 11.2 6.8 4.5 0.46 0.28 0.19
GSM 37305 (Fig. 30) 19.5 9.5 – 3.3 0.49 – 0.17
IFGT 1905-2 (Fig. 31D) 20.0 10.0 6.2 3.0 0.50 0.31 0.15
SMNS 65384 /Fig. 31A) ~24 10.0 6.1 3.0 0.41 0.25 0.12
schweigert et al., jurassic ammonite genera STRIGOCERAS /CADOMOCERAS 55
Fig.32. Cadomoceras sullyense (BRASIL), lateral and ventral views; Villel, Keltiberian Ranges,
E Spain; bed 17 in section E of HINKELBEIN (1975, fig. 12), Chelva Formation, Lower Bajo-
cian, Humphriesianum Zone; SMNS 65387 (Coll. K. HINKELBEIN). – ⳯2.
* 1895 Ammonites Sullyense nov. sp. – BRASIL, p. 41, pl. 4, figs. 8–9.
1918 Cadomoceras sullyense BRASIL. – COEMME, p. 48, pl. 6, figs. 1–3.
1929 Haploceras sp. – GREPPIN & TOBLER, p. 542.
1964 Cadomoceras sullyense. – HÖLDER, p. 90.
1964 Cadomoceras sullyense. – RIOULT, p. 245.
1964 Cadomoceras sullyense BRASIL. – STURANI, p. 26, pl. 4, fig. 7. – [1964b].
1964 Cadomoceras nepos. – STURANI, p. 25. – [1964b].
1964 Cadomoceras cadomense. – STURANI, p. 25. – [1964b].
1971 Cadomoceras sullyense BRASIL. – STURANI, p. 122, pl. 5, figs. 1–5.
1971 Cadomoceras n. sp. aff. sullyense. – STURANI, p. 123, pl. 5, fig. 6.
1976 S. (Cadomoceras) sullyense BRASIL. – PARSONS, p. 126.
1976 S. (Cadomoceras) sp. – PARSONS, pp. 126, 131.
v 1980 Cadomoceras. – DIETL & RIEBER, p. 65.
1985 Cadomoceras cadomense (DEFRANCE) 1846. – FERNÁNDEZ LÓPEZ, p. 140, pl. 13,
fig. 6.
1985 Cadomoceras sullyense BRASIL, 1893. – FERNÁNDEZ LÓPEZ, p. 142, pl. 13, fig. 7.
1989 Cadomoceras. – ALVARO et al., p. 82.
1993 Cadomoceras cadomense. – ELMI & RULLEAU, p. 155.
pars 1994 Cadomoceras sp. – FERNÁNDEZ LÓPEZ & MOUTERDE, p. 122. – [1994a].
v 1995 Strigoceras (Cadomoceras) sullyense BRASIL. – OHMERT et al., p. 73, pl. 4, fig. 5.
pars 1996 Cadomoceras sp. – SADKI, tab.-fig. 46.
v 1999 Cadomoceras sullyense. – SCHWEIGERT & DIETZE, p. 54.
v 2000 Cadomoceras sullyense (BRASIL). – HUXTABLE, p. 105.
v 2006 Strigoceras (Cadomoceras) sulleyensis (BRAZIL). – HUXTABLE, p. 82.
Lectotype: Specimen figured by BRASIL (1895, pl. 6, fig. 8) probably in the collections of
the University of Caen, France.
Type locality: Sully, Normandy.
Type horizon: Oolithe Ferrugineuse de Bayeux (Bajocian, Humphriesianum Zone,
probably Romani Subzone, horizon à Dorsetensia edouardiana).
Stratigraphic range: Humphriesianum Zone.
Studied material: 15 specimens.
Records: France, Spain, Morocco, England, SW Germany, Southern Alps.
56 stuttgarter beiträge zur naturkunde Ser. B, Nr. 373
Measurements
d h w u h/d w/d u/d
Lectotype (after photograph) 14.5 6.5 3.0 ~4 0.45 0.21 0.27
SMNS 65386 18.7 8.5 5.3 2.0 0.45 0.28 0.11
Lectotype: Designated by STURANI (1971, pl. 5, fig. 7) from the PARONA collection, col-
lection of the Museo di Geologia e Paleontologia of the University of Padova, Italy.
Type locality: Monte Meletta near Gallio, Altopiano di Asiago, Southern Alps, Italy.
Type horizon: Lumachella à Posidonia alpina Beds (Bajocian, Niortense Zone).
As type horizon of the conspecific C. simulacrum BUCKMAN, PARSONS (1976) indicated
bed 6d of Frogden quarry, Oborne, Dorset, the age of which is Baculata Subzone of Niortense
Zone.
Stratigraphic range: Niortense Zone.
Studied material: Ca. 20 specimens.
Records: England, France, Spain, Southern Alps, Sicily, Caucasus, Turkmenistan, Dages-
tan, Japan.
58 stuttgarter beiträge zur naturkunde Ser. B, Nr. 373
Fig.34. A–B. Cadomoceras nepos PARONA, lateral and ventral views; Albarracín, Keltiberian
Ranges, E Spain; bed 30 l in section A of HINKELBEIN (1975, fig. 11), Chelva Formation, Up-
per Bajocian, Niortense Zone, Baculata Subzone; SMNS 65383/1–2 (Coll. K. HINKELBEIN). –
⳯2.
Measurements
d h w u h/d w/d u/d
Lectotype 19.2 8.4 5.6 4.8 0.44 0.29 0.25
GSM 47105 (Fig. 33B) 19.5 8.0 7.3 6.3 0.41 0.37 0.32
SMNS 65383/1 (Fig. 34A) 20.0 9.3 7.6 5.7 0.46 0.38 0.29
GSM 37308 (Fig. 33A) 21.3 8.5 5.2 4.5 0.40 0.24 0.21
SMNS 65383/2 (Fig. 34B) 24.5 12.0 8.5 5.8 0.49 0.35 0.24
schweigert et al., jurassic ammonite genera STRIGOCERAS /CADOMOCERAS 59
Measurements
d h w u h/d w/d u/d
D’ORBIGNYspecimen MNHM B. 46072 22.0 11.0 8.0 10.0 0.50 0.36 0.45
SMNS 67162 (Fig. 35C) 16.5 6.5 6.3 4.5 0.39 0.38 0.27
SMNS 65382 (Fig. 35A) 17.2 7.5 – 4.5 0.44 – 0.26
fordia) and Csernyeiceras as closely allied, but lumped them together into a hamma-
toceratid ancestry. Strigoceratinae must have split from their Phlycticeratinae ances-
tors in the earliest Middle Jurassic. The diagnostic features for separation of Strigo-
ceras from Phlycticeratinae are a very narrow umbilicus, a rounded umbilical wall,
absence of umbilical or lateral nodules, and a low, smooth floored keel instead of a
razor-sharp keel. Such features are fully developed in the earliest chronospecies
known so far, Strigoceras praenuntium from the Middle Aalenian (see p. 9). More
data than presently available are required for a better understanding of the earliest
phyletic history of Strigoceras.
The dimorphic pair Strigoceras/Cadomoceras persists into the Early Bathonian,
where to date S. callomoni n. sp. represents its youngest member. The most reliable
records published prior to this study come from the Betic Cordilleras of southern
Spain (SANDOVAL 1983: 123, text-fig. 77A) and from the Catalan Basin of southeast-
ern Spain (FERNÁNDEZ LÓPEZ 2000). A Bathonian age for Strigoceras kuznetsovi
KRYMHOLTZ & STANKEVITCH, 1963, from Dagestan was questioned by STURANI
(1971: 125). The ammonite assemblage containing Strigoceras kuznetsovi also yields
Pseudocosmoceras michalskii (BORISSJAK), and was tentatively correlated with the
Convergens Subzone of the Early Bathonian (BESNOSOV & MITTA 1993: 15). The
Early Bathonian age of Pseudocosmoceras michalskii (BORISSJAK) is still uncon-
firmed. New examples of endemic P. michalskii occuring with S. kuznetsovi make a
Late Bajocian age for the assemblage more likely (MITTA 2004).
Another Strigoceras specimen said to come from the Upper Bathonian of Lech-
stedt near Hildesheim, northwestern Germany (WESTERMANN 1958: 54, pl. 17, fig.
6), most likely comes from a much older stratigraphical level at another Middle
Jurassic locality in northwestern Germany; the clay-pit of Gerzen, where claystones
of the Lower Bajocian were quarried. This specimen is preserved as a pyritic mould
with aragonitic remains of the shell, therefore reworking of the specimen can be ex-
cluded. The slender cross section and ribbing sculpture of this specimen better relat-
ed to a Strigoceras chronospecies of the Sauzei/Humphriesianum zones. From the
(?)Sauzei Zone of Gerzen a corresponding Cadomoceras carinatum BUCKMAN is
recorded and illustrated herein for the first time (Fig.31D). Similarly KUMM (1952)
mentioned Strigoceras truellei from the latest Bajocian and from the Bathonian. He
did not illustrate this material, and most likely the specimens represent either Phlyc-
ticeras, or the proposed finding levels were erroneous.
KRYSTYN (1971, 1972) reported a single specimen of Strigoceras truellei from an
ammonite bed containing a Middle to Late Bathonian fauna. This specimen was in-
terpreted as derived. Other “Strigoceras sp.” were recorded from the Late Bathonian
Retrocostatum Zone of Monte Kumeta, W Sicily, but not illustrated (DI STEFANO et
al. 2002: 289). Photographs of the two specimens provided by courtesy of A.
GALÁCZ (Budapest) allow them to be identified as nuclei and placed in Phlycticeras
sp.
Our present knowledge records the extinction of Strigoceras/Cadomoceras in the
Zigzag Zone, the youngest known record coming from the Macrescens Subzone (see
above; Table 1). From this time onwards, the dimorphic pair Phlycticeras/Oecopty-
chius becomes significantly more abundant suggesting that it replaced Strigo-
ceras/Cadomoceras ecologically.
62 stuttgarter beiträge zur naturkunde Ser. B, Nr. 373
10. Conclusions
11. References
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