#242 SP 1207 Specification For Vacuum Tankers PDO

Petroleum Development Oman L.L.C.
Specification for Vacuum Tankers
Document ID SP-1207
Document
Specification
Type
Security Unrestricted
Discipline Production Operations
Owner Functional Production Manager - UOP
Issue Date March 2018
Revision 3.0
Copyright: This document is the property of Petroleum Development Oman, LLC.

Neither the whole nor any part of this document may be disclosed to others or
reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form by any means
(electronic, mechanical, reprographic recording or otherwise) without prior written
consent of the owner.
Revision: 3.0
Petroleum Development Oman LLC Effective: Mar-18
i Revision History
The following table lists the four most recent revisions to this document. Details of all revisions prior
to these are held on file by the issuing department.
Version Date Author Scope / Remarks

No.
3.0 14/03/18 Aiman Al Riyami Entire document re-structured
UOP61 and additional content added
following MDIRC review.
Refer to Addendum 2 for
changes
2.1 14/02/17 Aiman Al Riyami Revision to incorporate minor
UOP61 amendments. Refer to
Addendum 1 for changes
2.0 23/07/14 UOP/61 Revision 1Issue
1.0 31/03/01 OTT/13 First Issue
Page ii SP-1207 – Specification for Vacuum Tankers Printed 18/03/18

The controlled version of this CMF Document resides online in Livelink®. Printed copies are UNCONTROLLED.
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Revision: 2.2
Contents
i Revision History .............................................................................. ii
1. Introduction ..................................................................................... 1
1.1 Purpose ........................................................................................ 1
1.2 Changes to the Specification ..................................................... 1
1.3 Review and Improvement ........................................................... 1
1.4 Permanent Changes.................................................................... 1
1.5 Facility Change Management ..................................................... 1
2. Specification for Vacuum Tankers and Pressure Systems .......... 2
2.1 Background ................................................................................. 2
2.2 Scope ........................................................................................... 2
2.3 Basic Vacuum Operations .......................................................... 2
3 Vacuum Tanker Requirements ....................................................... 4

3.1 Cargo Tank Construction Requirements ................................... 4
3.2 Pressure Relief (Over-Pressure and Under-Pressure) .............. 4
3.3 Pressure Gauge and Measurement and Sampling .................... 4
3.4 Ignition Control .......................................................................... 5
3.5 Static Control ........................................................................ 5
3.6 Hoses ........................................................................................ 5
3.6.1 Conductive Hose................................................................... 6
3.6.2 Non Conductive Hose ........................................................... 6
3.6.3 Hose Fittings ......................................................................... 6
3.7 Vacuum Exhaust Venting and Vapour Recovery ....................... 6
3.8 Nitrogen Purging/Blanketing (For Condensate) ......................... 7
3.9 Condensate loading .................................................................. 7
4 Bonding and Grounding ................................................................. 9

4.1 Bonding ..................................................................................... 9
4.2 Grounding ............................................................................... 10
5 Safe Operation of Vacuum Tankers in Petroleum Service .......... 11

5.1 Vacuum Tanker Owner/Operator Requirements ..................... 11
5.2 Gas Testing............................................................................. 13
5.3 Bonding/Grounding ................................................................. 13
5.4 Loading ................................................................................... 13
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5.5 Air Entrainment ........................................................................ 13

5.6 Off-Loading.............................................................................. 14
5.7 Non-Conductive Equipment ..................................................... 14
5.8 Operation of Vehicles .............................................................. 15
5.9 On-Site Transfer ...................................................................... 15
6 Hydrocarbon Condensate ............................................................. 16
7 Facility Loading and Off-Loading Procedures ............................ 17

7.1 PDO or Contractor Facility Operator Requirements: ................ 17
8 Inspection ....................................................................................... 18
8.1 Inspection Records .................................................................. 18
8.2 Documentation to be supplied at inspections ........................... 18
8.3 Pre-Operation Inspection ......................................................... 18
8.4 Nameplate ........................................................................... 19
9 Safety .............................................................................................. 20
9.1 Personal Safety ....................................................................... 20
9.2 Personal Protective Equipment ............................................... 20
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Appendix 1 Inspection Report .......................................................... 21
21
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Revision: 3.0
Appendix 2 Contractor Self Checklist .............................................. 22
22
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Revision: 2.2
Appendix 3 Definitions ...................................................................... 23
Appendix 4 API Recommended Practice ......................................... 25
Addendum 1 – Changes at Revision 2.1 .......................................... 27
Addendum 2 – Changes at Revision 3.0 .......................................... 28
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Revision: 2.2
1. Introduction
1.1 Purpose
The purpose of this document is to provide a specification for Vacuum Tankers used in PDO concession
areas, in line with API Standards.
1.2 Changes to the Specification

This specification shall not be changed without approval from the Document Authority. Any user of this
specification, who encounters an inaccuracy or ambiguity, is requested to notify the Document Custodian,
using the User Comment Form provided, see Attachment
Reviews, modifications and adjustments to the document will authorised by the Functional Production
Manager (UOP) as required or every three years, whichever is the sooner.
Changes to this Specification shall require approval from the Functional Production Manager (UOP)
following a review of the proposed changes.
1.3 Review and Improvement

Responsibility for the upkeep of this Specification shall be with Functional Production Manager, UOP, the
Owner. Changes to this Document shall only be authorised and approved by the Owner.
The document shall be reviewed every 5 years.
Users of the Document who identify inaccuracy or ambiguity can notify the Custodian or his/her delegate
and request changes be initiated. The Requests shall be forwarded to the Custodian using the “User
Feedback Page” provided in the Appendix.
1.4 Permanent Changes

Permanent changes will be managed through the Facility Upgrade Management System.
To assist in the management of the temporary changes the UOP Team have developed a Management of
Change Application which provides registration, electronic approvals and tracking functions.
1.5 Facility Change Management

The covering Procedure for Change Management during the Operations Phase is Facility Change Proposal
Procedure PR-1001a.
Page 1 SP-1207 – Specification for Vacuum Tankers Printed 18/03/18

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Revision: 3.0
2. Specification for Vacuum Tankers and Pressure Systems

This specification gives the minimum requirements for the design, construction and inspection and testing of
the containment vessels and associated pressure systems utilised on "vacuum tankers" used in Company
operations.
2.1 Background
Operations will be accountable for the upkeep of the Specification throughout the Asset / Facility Life Cycle.
The Specification shall be updated and amended whenever changes are made to operational parameters,
design or operating philosophy.
The Specification is mandatory and controlled.
2.2 Scope
This specification shall cover the following;
 Specifications for Vacuum Tankers and Pressure Systems
 Safe Operation of Vacuum Tankers in Petroleum Service
 Personal Safety and PPE
2.3 Basic Vacuum Operations

Vacuum trucks are frequently used in the petroleum industry to remove and transport a variety of products
and wastes, including flammable and combustible hydrocarbon liquids, caustics, waste products, and
hazardous materials. Typical vacuum truck operations in the petroleum industry include product removal
during tank and vessel cleaning operations, spill recovery and material transfer.
A vacuum truck is a transportable vacuum system consisting of a vacuum pump, vacuum cargo tank, and
associated accessories mounted on a motor vehicle (see figure 1 below)
Figure 1 Typical Vacuum Truck Arrangement

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Revision: 2.2
Potential Hazards Associated With Vacuum Truck Operations:
 Sources of ignition include vacuum truck engine and exhaust heat; pump overheating; faulty or
improper electrical devices; static electricity discharges; and outside ignition sources such as
smoking, motor vehicles, stationary engines, etc.
 Potential hazards include spills; flammable atmosphere within and around the vacuum truck, cargo
tank or source container; hose failures and discharges of flammable vapors to the atmosphere from
the vacuum truck or the source or receiving container; chemical reaction due to incompatible fluids
inside the cargo tank and worker exposures to toxic vapors, liquids, or solids.
 Consideration for potential hazards associated with the surrounding area and atmospheric
conditions during the vacuum truck operations. Discharged vapors can exceed Permissible
Exposure Limits (PELs) for exposed workers. Vapors can collect in low spots, particularly during
atmospheric inversions with high humidity and no wind. Vapors should not be discharged onto
roadways or other areas where sources of ignition may occur.
 Unloading materials containing flammable components to open pads or pits can release vapors
resulting in fire, explosion, or substance exposure hazard.
 Toxic vapors that are below hazardous concentrations prior to handling may become concentrated
and thereby hazardous at or near the discharge port of the vacuum pump.
 From a precautionary standpoint, the mixture in the transport container should be treated as a
flammable liquid absent positive proof to the contrary.
 Additional hazards include those typical to tank truck operations such as slips and falls, spills and
releases fires and explosions, and accidents within the facility or vehicle incidents on the highway.
The two basic types of vacuum tanker operations are:
a) Vacuum loading and off-loading operations that eliminate or minimize the introduction of air into the
system by:
 Completely submerging the suction nozzle into the liquid during the transfer process.
 Directly connecting the transfer hose to the source or receiving tank, vessel or container,
below the surface level of the liquid contained therein.
b) Vacuum tanker operations that introduce air into the system during the transfer process, including:
 Air conveying operations involving the incidental removal of solid materials when the
suction hose is either partially submerged or not submerged (or if submerged, when air is
entrained or entrapped in the material) or the intentional removal of solids when used in a
vacuum excavation system.
 Liquid transfer operations where the end of the hose is not directly connected to the source
or receiving tank, container or vessel or the nozzle is not submerged into the liquid within
the tank, container or vessel.
It is the potential to introduce air into the system that can lead to an explosive mixture
forming within the vacuum tanker hose/body. If not suitably earthed and bonded there
is a real risk of static discharge causing an ignition.
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Revision: 3.0
3 Vacuum Tanker Requirements

The vacuum tanker and vehicle shall be fitted with guards and adequate ladders.
3.1 Cargo Tank Construction Requirements
Vacuum cargo tanks used to carry flammable and combustible liquids shall have shells constructed to meet
ASME, Section VIII, Division I minimum requirements of 175kPa design pressure and 275kPa test pressure
(as evidenced by a plate on the outer tank shell). Vacuum tankers used in petroleum service shall have
shells or interior linings that are compatible with the materials to be conveyed
For tankers that have come into service with PDO before August 2017 then a design pressure of 150 kPa
and test pressure of 195 kPa shall be acceptable.
The designed operating range of the tanker shall be between the vacuum relief and pressure relief valve
settings.
3.2 Pressure Relief (Over-Pressure and Under-Pressure)
The minimum requirement for pressure relief is for two safety relief valves, one to be fitted directly to a top
flange on the vessel and another in the piping line. Outlet of both relief valves shall be connected through
piping and for normal liquid it can be routed to ground and for hydrocarbon, toxic or flammable fluids routed
to an additional tank or the nearest appropriate drain pit. The set pressure shall be 100kPa or less. The
total capacity of the safety relief valve shall be sufficient to ensure a rise in vessel pressure of not more than
10% above the set pressure.
A vacuum relief arrangement is also required.
Relief valves shall be overhauled and calibrated annually by an accredited third party.
Care must be taken during vacuum tanker operations not to over-pressure or under-pressure the vacuum
cargo tank, source container or receiving container.
3.3 Pressure Gauge and Measurement and Sampling
Vacuum cargo tanks shall have properly maintained and accurate level indicators to prevent overloading
and properly operating gauges to monitor vacuum and pressure levels in the tank.
A pressure gauge graduated from full vacuum to a maximum of 4 times the relief valve set pressure shall be
fitted to the vessel to measure internal pressure. The gauge shall be red lined at the relief valve set
pressure and be located where the operator can clearly see the readings while operating the pump. The
unit of measurement should be kpa.
Pressure gauges shall be visible to the operator during operation.
Vacuum truck owners shall ensure their staff are trained in preventing overfills, worker exposures above
PELs or STELs and static discharges during sampling and measurement operations.
To minimize potential vapour inhalation and exposures above PELs or STELs, all gauging should be done
from upwind positions. Appropriate PPE shall be worn.

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Revision: 2.2
Conductive sampling and measuring equipment shall be bonded to the source or receiving containers prior
to insertion therein. Conductive sampling and measuring devices shall be also bonded to the vacuum tanker
during insertion into the cargo tank.
All level and pressure gauges shall be calibrated annually or upon any damages or incorrect readings.
3.4 Ignition Control
Only diesel powered vacuum truck engines and auxiliary diesel powered vacuum units shall be used in
flammable and combustible liquid service. This is because the limited electrical systems of diesel engines
provide for reduced ignition and fire hazards as compared with those of gasoline engines. Diesel engines,
however, are not totally free from ignition sources. Electrical devices and external wiring, especially on the
truck chassis near the vacuum cargo tank, must be maintained in good condition to prevent breaks that may
cause electrical arcing.
Diesel engine over speed known as “runaway” or “dieseling” will occur if high concentrations of flammable
vapors enter the diesel engine air intake.
Dieseling and runaway can best be avoided by locating the vehicle upwind of vapor sources and by
extending the vacuum pump discharge away from the engine air intake.
If engine power is not needed for vacuum truck operation, the engine shall be shut down.
The vacuum tanker vehicle’s exhaust and silencer shall be routed to front bottom of the vehicle to avoid
possible exposure to the tank or the fluids, which may be flammable. All exhausts / silencers shall be fitted
with flame arrestors
3.5 Static Control
The prevention of static electricity build up as a potential ignition source is key to safe vacuum tanker
operations. To assure bonding and grounding (earthing) connections are of sufficient quality to prevent
static build up all vacuum trucks shall be fitted with and their operators trained in the use of the following
equipment:
 Newson Gale Earth Rite (MGVP1ED7A4-KC) Mobile Ground Verification System (or equivalent) to
ensure that the resistance of the system earth being used is low enough to safely dissipate any static
charges.
 Newson Gale OhmGuard (OGC15box) Intrinsically Safe Electrical Continuity Tester (or equivalent) for
testing of hoses and bonding/grounding connections.
 Newson Gale (SWGKP1) Portable Static Grounding Kit (or equivalent) for the provision of a temporary
earth where suitable fixed earthing points are unavailable.
3.6 Hoses
Any isolated (un-bonded) conductive object may accumulate a charge and provide a spark gap. Even when
using conductive hose, vacuum tanker operators should both ground and bond their tankers when practical
to reduce the possibility of electrostatic discharges.
NOTE: To preserve a safe distance of 5 meters a minimum of 2 hose lengths SHALL be connected to the
vacuum tanker when being used to evacuate hydrocarbons during open draining activities.
Where appropriate a portion of the 2 hose lengths shall be buried under sand. This will help prevent fire
from spreading to the vacuum tanker in the event of an uncontrolled ignition during draining.
The Vacuum tankers shall have a storage provision for the required hoses

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Revision: 3.0
3.6.1 Conductive Hose
Vacuum hoses constructed of conductive material or thick walled hoses with imbedded conductive wiring
shall be used when transferring flammable and combustible liquids when the potential for a flammable
atmosphere exists in the area of operations. Conductive hose shall provide suitable electrical resistivity less
than or equal to 1 megohm (1 x 106Ω) per 30 meters (as determined by the hose manufacturer). Periodic
inspection and testing of hoses (Inspection at the same frequency as the RAS inspection) will enable
identification and removal from service of hoses which have lost their conductivity. The hose manufacturer
should be consulted for testing procedures. Documentation will allow tracking of condition.
WARNING: Thin walled, metallic spiral wound conductive hoses shall not be used due to the potential for
electrical discharge through the thin plastic that covers the metal spiral.
3.6.2 Non Conductive Hose
WARNING: Non Conductive hoses shall not be used in transferring either flammable or combustible liquids
as these can accumulate static electricity and act as an ignition source by discharging a static spark.
3.6.3 Hose Fittings
Closure fitting design shall conform to proven industry standards (ie Whale).
All quick release type fittings must be securable by locking handles, arms wired closed (through rings), or
tape (e.g.Velcro strap) to prevent inadvertent release.
The fitting metallurgy must be compatible with and suitable for the material being transferred.
Any hose end connection accessory (e.g. strainers, duck bills, etc.) used during a vacuum truck operation
must be made of conductive material, approved for use at the respective site, and be continuity tested as
bonded with the conductive hose prior to each use. Owners may elect to weld bonding tabs to these
accessories to allow for clamping of bonding cables.
The use of plastic non-conductive dip pipes, funnels, and intermediate collection pans for spill response or
draining activities is prohibited. Only properly grounded conductive pipes, funnels, and containers shall be
used for intermediate collection of flammable or combustible material to be vacuumed.
3.7 Vacuum Exhaust Venting and Vapour Recovery
When flammable, combustible or toxic liquids are transferred by vacuum pumps, product vapours may be
discharged into the atmosphere in full concentration through unrestricted exhausts or in lesser amounts if
filtered or separated prior to exhaust. The potential exists for these discharged vapours to form flammable
mixtures with air and contact the vacuum tanker’s engine, hot exhaust pipe or outside sources of ignition.
Also, hydrocarbon vapours may be aspirated by the vacuum tanker’s diesel engine, causing “dieseling” (a
condition where the engine continues to run after being turned off) or “run away” (a condition which can lead
to over speed and catastrophic engine failure).
In addition, toxic vapours well below flammable concentrations may still expose the vacuum tanker operator
or others at levels above PELs, STELs or TLVs. Vacuum pump exhausts should be vented to an area free
of personnel and isolated by barricades or appropriate PPE should be worn, unless atmospheric testing for
toxic vapours confirms PPE is not required.
Vacuum pump vapours are to be controlled through safe vapour recovery and safe venting methods. If
vapours are vented to atmosphere during loading and off-loading, the travel direction, atmospheric and wind

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Revision: 2.2
conditions, topography and all potential sources of ignition must be considered and appropriate protective
measures put into place prior to starting operations. Since vacuum tanker engines (and auxiliary engines)
are ignition sources, vacuum tankers should be operated upwind of any transfer point and outside the path
of potential vapour travel.
Potential sources of vacuum pump vapours can be unique to the type of vacuum pump used:
a. When liquid ring vacuum pumps are used, flammable vapors may accumulate on top of the
discharge separator. The vapours discharged by liquid ring pumps may also be saturated with water
(or other service liquid). In addition, if the temperature of the service liquid is higher than the
temperature of the incoming vapour, evaporation will occur at the suction port.
b. The air discharged from rotary vane pumps may be saturated with lubricating oil or vapours.
c. Rotary lobe blowers operating at high airflow rates and vacuums may atomize liquid hydrocarbons
that are subsequently discharged through the exhaust.
In areas where vapour recovery is mandated or desired, exhausted vapours should be directed to a
vapour recovery unit. Exhausted vapours may be directed from the vacuum discharge to portable or
facility vapour recovery units. In these cases, flame arrestors shall be located in the vapour recovery
line, near the vapour recovery unit, to prevent flashback into the vacuum tanker.
Alternately, carbon absorber canisters may be connected to the vacuum discharge exhaust. If used,
these canisters must be properly rated in order to handle the amount of airflow generated by the
vacuum pump. The canisters should be bonded to the vacuum units to prevent static charge build-up.
The canisters should be inspected and replaced before they become saturated by lubricating oil or
contaminated by exhaust vapours, as spontaneous combustion could occur. An analysis should be
conducted to determine the proper safety measures required prior to each specific use of vapour control
canisters and vapour recovery systems.
3.8 Nitrogen Purging/Blanketing (For Condensate)
Vacuum Tankers shall be fitted with a valve connection to allow the vessel to be purged/blanketed with
nitrogen prior to loading/unloading condensate.
Prior to loading purging shall be carried out using N2 to reduce the O2 content to less than 10%. This
will normally be carried out at site with the use of high pressure cylinders. The purpose of the nitrogen
purging is to prevent any potential for an explosive atmosphere occurring within the vessel which may
be ignited by a static discharge. A pressure regulator shall be used when purging the tanker vessel with
nitrogen. The purging pressure shall be in the range of 0.5 bar and a cyclic purge method shall be
adopted to reduce the O2 content to the required level.
Prior to unloading a nitrogen blanket shall be applied to the vessel. This pressure shall be maintained
throughout the offloading process to prevent an explosive atmosphere occurring in the tank that maybe
ignited by a static discharge. The pressure on the N2 regulator shall be set at 0.2 bar above the indicted
pressure in the vacuum tanker.
3.9 Condensate loading
Vacuum Tankers shall be fitted with a valve connection to allow condensate to be pumped directly into
the tanker.

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Revision: 3.0
Once the tanker vessel has been blanketed with nitrogen then loading of condensate can take place.
Condensate shall be pumped into the vacuum tanker using an air driven diaphragm pump fitted with a
NRV.
Condensate shall not be vacuumed due to the risk of static ignition.

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Revision: 2.2
4 Bonding and Grounding

Bonding and grounding provide controls to help eliminate static electricity. Bonding connects two or more
conductive objects using a conductor such as a copper wire. This equalizes the potential charge so there is
no voltage difference between them. Bonding can also connect parts of equipment or containers that are
electrically separated (for example by gaskets or non-conductive spacers). Bonding equalizes but does not
eliminate the static charge. Grounding connects one or more conductive objects directly to the earth. Unlike
bonding, proper grounding does drain static charges. The length of time for the charge to drain varies as a
function of the charged object. A designated, proven ground source is preferred.
Connectors for bonding and grounding, such as copper wire and clamps, must provide a good conductive
path. To ensure this:
• remove all dirt, paint, rust, or corrosion from areas where connections are to be made;
• use connectors that are strong enough for the job;
• use flexible connectors where there is vibration or continuous movement; and
• connect metal to metal.
To prevent static build up and discharge the use of plastic collection containers is prohibited.
Because electrical currents associated with static charge accumulations are low, bonding and grounding
cables for draining static charges are sized for strength, flexibility and durability. Typical cables are woven
or braided metallic strands generally no larger than #6 AWG. Fixed mechanical connections are preferred
for permanent bonding connections with strong alligator or special purpose C-clamps used for temporary
bonding and grounding. These shall have pointed contacts to displace rust or paint.
The complete vacuum transfer system needs to be grounded (earthed) to dissipate stray currents to earth
and also bonded so that there is a continuous conductive path from the vacuum tanker through the hose
and nozzle to the tank or source container. The grounding/earthing or bonding cables shall be connected
from the loading system to the tanker before any operation is carried out. This system should provide a
electrical contact resistance of less than 10 ohms between the tanker and a grounded structure.
All bonding and grounding static lines will be attached and tested before starting the loading or off-loading
process.
4.1 Bonding
Bonding prevents the formation of different electrostatic potentials between vacuum tankers and pumps and
the source or receiving tank, container or vessel by bringing all parts of the connected system to an
equivalent electrical potential. This reduces the likelihood of a spark being created in the vicinity of
flammable vapours when the suction nozzle or discharge hose is removed from the source or discharge
container and/or disconnected from the vacuum tankers, or when any conductive connectors are
disconnected.
Whenever liquids or materials are transferred into or from a tank, vessel or container (other than a surface
spill), a bonding cable shall be connected from the vacuum tanker to the source or as near as practicable or
receiving container.
To assure proper bonding, the continuity should be verified using the NewsonGale OhmGuard or
equivalent. The electrical contact resistance should be less than 10 ohms between the tanker and a
grounded structure prior to the start of operations.

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Revision: 3.0
Note: If both the vacuum tanker and the source or receiving container are suitably grounded, and if the
transfer is through tight, metal-to-metal connections, using conductive hose, fittings, tubes and suction
nozzles, without any use of non-conductive gaskets, bonding may be achieved without a need to use
separate bonding cables. Bonding shall be verified using suitable test equipment.
Due to the potential for static charge build up liquid transfer from a non-conductive or lined container should
be avoided. Where a metallic container is placed within a lined pit to contain any unforeseen overspill then
bonding may be achieved by inserting an uncoated, corrosion-free metallic rod (or similar approved
conductor) to the bottom of the lined pit. The rod is connected to the vacuum tanker with a proper bonding
cable.
4.2 Grounding
All Vacuum Tanker Vessels shall have retractable reels used for vacuum tanker grounding cables which
shall be designed to provide electrical continuity between the grounding clamp or clip at the end of the cable
and the vacuum tanker, regardless of the amount of cable extended.
Before starting transfer operations, vacuum tankers must be grounded directly to the earth or bonded to
another object that is inherently grounded (due to proper contact with the earth) such as a large storage
tank or underground piping. Grounding minimizes the electrical potential differences between objects and
the earth in order to prevent a static charge. Grounding brings all parts of any system to zero electrical
potential by allowing electrical currents to dissipate to earth (ground).
To assure proper grounding, the quality of the ground shall be verified using the NewsonGale Earth Rite or
equivalent.
A safe and proper ground to earth may be achieved by connection to any properly grounded object,
including, but not limited to, any one or more of the following examples:
 The metal frame of a building, tank or equipment which is grounded.
 An existing facility grounding system, such as that installed at a loading rack.
 Fire hydrants, metal light posts or underground metal piping with at least 10 ft of contact with the earth.
CAUTION: IN SOME CASES FENCE POSTS, METAL STAKES ETC. MAY NOT PROVIDE
ADEQUATE GROUNDING BECAUSE OF INSUFFICIENT DEPTH OR SOIL CONDITIONS, AND
FLANGE GASKETS CAN ISOLATE PIPING FROM A GROUNDING CONNECTION.
 A correctly deployed Portable Static Grounding Kit such as that supplied by NewsonGale.
 A metal plate of suitable size and thickness (approximately 2 ft2 in area and 1/4 in. thick, if steel or 5/8
in., if copper) buried in the ground to a depth of at least 2 1/2 ft.
WARNING: Under no circumstances shall the ground wire on a piece of electrical equipment be used as a
ground connection for a vacuum truck. It could introduce hazardous stray currents due to electrical faults or
system grounds.

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Revision: 2.2
5 Safe Operation of Vacuum Tankers in Petroleum Service

5.1 Vacuum Tanker Owner/Operator Requirements
It is the responsibility of the vacuum truck owner and operator to comply with the following:
 Construction, inspection, maintenance and certification of the vacuum truck in line with this SP.
 Selection and safe operation of the vacuum truck, vacuum pump, hoses and accessories.
 Regulatory requirements for safe highway operation of the truck.
 Proper transportation, handling, and disposal of hazardous materials.
 Safe vacuum truck loading, unloading and transport operations within the facility.
 Training and qualification of operators and other assigned vacuum truck personnel.
Vacuum tanker operators shall be trained and properly licensed in accordance with PDO Tanker regulations
SP-2000, to drive and operate their vehicles within petroleum facilities and on public highways. They must
be aware of the effect of speeds, turns and the changing centre of gravity due to the shifting of the liquid
load, as these changes can result in instability and rollovers, even at low speeds.
Vacuum tanker operators shall be aware of the hazards involved in petroleum product and associated
materials transfer operations. They shall be trained in safe product transfer practices and follow company
and facility safety procedures when loading and offloading vacuum tankers. They require the following
training:
 (IND) HSE Induction
 (IFR) Initial Fire Response
 (DHR) Dealing with Hazards & Risks
 (DD01 or DD02) Defensive driving, light or heavy.
 Vacuum Truck Operator Licence.
Vacuum tanker operators shall know which type of personal protective equipment to use under various
conditions of potential exposure or known exposure.
Prior to loading or unloading activities the vacuum truck operator shall ensure that the wheels are chocked
to prevent accidental movement of the vehicle.
Vacuum tanker operators are responsible to ensure that the materials being loaded are compatible with any
material previously loaded and that mixing of the materials will not create a hazard. The same principles
apply when materials are unloaded.
Before beginning operations, vacuum tanker operators shall obtain any required permits and inspect
vacuum tankers, equipment and loading/off-loading sites to assure safe operations. They shall maintain
proper distances when operating vacuum tankers inside facilities with restricted clearances. Vacuum tanker
operators must be aware of the overall height, width and approximate weight (empty and loaded) of their
vehicles and operate them safely around stationary equipment, overhead piping and other potential
obstacles.
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Revision: 3.0
Prior to off-loading, vacuum tanker operators shall determine or verify that the receiving container has
sufficient available capacity to contain the amount of product to be transferred.
During vacuum cargo tank off-loading, vacuum tanker operators shall follow safe operating procedures to
prevent or minimize the amount of air introduced into the receiving container by directly connecting the hose
to the receiving container or submerging the end of the transfer hose into the product. This will prevent free-
fall of liquids and avoid or minimize splash off-loading to prevent static build up and excessive vapours. If
the hose is connected directly to the receiving container, vacuum tanker operators shall maintain low flow
until the intake is completely submerged. This is particularly important during the end of product transfer
operations when the suction nozzle or the end of the hose may not be completely submerged in the liquid.
Vacuum tanker owners shall train their staff in safe procedures for measurement and sampling flammable
and combustible liquids and toxic materials in and around vacuum tanker cargo tanks, source containers
and receipt containers. This training shall include preventing overfills, worker exposures above PELs or
STELs and static discharges during sampling and gauging operations.
After filling vacuum tanker cargo tanks or receiving containers, vacuum tanker operators shall allow at least
one minute of relaxation time for static build-up to dissipate before inserting any conductive device for
sampling or measuring the contents.
Prior to using a vacuum tanker, vacuum tanker operators shall check that:
a. All valves operate freely, are leak tight and, where appropriate, can be capped while in transit.
b. Floats for liquid level indicators, internal shutoffs and scrubber shutoffs move freely and are working
properly.
c. Rubber seats on interior shutoffs and exterior scrubber shutoffs are in good condition and seat properly.
All connections and other equipment are leak free and in good working order.
d. Rear door and dome gaskets are in good condition and seal tightly when the domes are closed. This may
be checked by applying pressure to the cargo tank.
e. Hoses, connections and fittings are in good condition, diameters are not smaller than the pump intake
and their conductance and materials of construction are appropriate for the application.
f. Any debris or loose components that may be present in the interior of the vacuum tanker cargo tank have
been removed.
g. The cargo tank has been properly cleaned after previous off-loading to prevent reactions between
incompatible products and contamination of the product to be loaded. The cargo tank should be free of
moisture or water if products to be loaded react with water.
h. Hoses have been drained and are appropriately capped for transit.
The vacuum tanker owner shall prepare a checklist for their operators to use each time a loading/unloading
activity takes place. This checklist shall cover the main points for safe loading and unloading and will be
signed by the truck operator.
Vacuum tanker operators shall remain positioned between the vacuum tanker and the source or receiving
tank, vessel or container and within 7 meters of the vacuum tanker throughout the operation.

Vessels
Revision: 2.2
Vacuum tanker operators shall monitor the transfer operation and be ready to quickly close the product
valve and stop the pump in the event of a blocked line or release of material through a broken hose or
connection for attendance requirements.
Vacuum tanker operators shall stay within the operational limits of the equipment as established by the
equipment manufacturers to prevent over-pressurizing vacuum cargo tanks.
Vacuum tanker operators shall ensure that whenever a vacuum cargo tank is switched from vacuum to
pressure, or when switching to vacuum after pressurization, the cargo tank is allowed to return to ambient
(atmospheric) pressure.
Vacuum tanker operators shall ensure that when pressure off-loading the vacuum tanker cargo tank, the
unloading rate is decreased near the end of the off-loading to avoid over pressuring the receiving tank or
vessel. Following the completion of pressure off-loading, any internal built-up pressure within the vacuum
tanker cargo tank shall be relieved by safe venting to the atmosphere, receiving tank or vapour recovery
unit (refer to Section 2.5.8 for more details).
5.2 Gas Testing
The areas in which vacuum trucks are to operate shall be free of hydrocarbon vapors in the flammable
range. The areas where the vacuum truck operator and others work without respirators must also be at or
below air contaminant PELs or STELs.
Where required by procedure, permits shall be issued prior to the start of any vacuum truck operations.
Gas testing shall be performed by an authorized gas tester using properly calibrated and adjusted gas
detection equipment before the start of operations.
Continuous gas monitoring shall be carried out for sources of flammable gas or vapor to determine if a
flammable atmosphere exists. This will provide the vacuum truck operator an early warning of conditions at
the location.
NOTE: Vacuum trucks shall be not be allowed inside bunded areas around petroleum storage tanks, other
production units, or operations vessels until the areas have been tested for hydrocarbon vapors by qualified
persons, determined to be safe and entry authorized, and/or a permit issued if required by facility
procedures.
5.3 Bonding/Grounding
Un-bonded conductive objects, such as nozzles, can accumulate high electrostatic charges during transfer
operations causing a potential ignition source.
Bonds and grounds should not be disconnected until all transfer operations have ceased and the suction
nozzle, hose or tube is withdrawn from the source or receiving tank or container.
5.4 Loading
The loading rate is governed by the size and length of the hose and the vacuum level in the tanker. Once an
appropriately high vacuum level is reached in the cargo tank and the hose is connected to the source
container or submerged into the product, the hydrocarbon liquid is loaded as a solid column with very little
air introduced in the system. When following this procedure, the volume of air exhausted from the vacuum
pump is usually very small, especially at high vacuum levels. This reduces the potential for a vapour-air
mixture in the flammable range.
5.5 Air Entrainment
During loading, if the hose or suction nozzle is not completely submerged in the liquid, or not directly
connected to the source container below the liquid level, air is introduced into the product stream.
Vessels
Revision: 3.0
Depending on the flow rate and the hose diameter, the product may atomize, become suspended in the
airflow and not be deposited in the vacuum tank. When this occurs, the vacuum level inside the tanker
decreases and large amounts of vapour and air are exhausted into the atmosphere.
5.6 Off-Loading
The method chosen for off-loading should include a review of the potential hazards of the material
(flammability, corrosivity and/or toxicity) and ensure that where necessary, the procedures properly control
vapours. Where flammable materials are involved, closed systems or appropriate ventilation may be
necessary. Elimination of potential ignition sources can be achieved by proper grounding, bonding, use of
intrinsically safe equipment and shutting down equipment not in use (such as tanker engines when gravity
draining). Wind direction should be considered when placing tankers for offloading and control of vapours
released by the off-loading process. Extension vent hoses may be necessary.
The three methods of off-loading vacuum tankers are gravity, pressure and pump-off. Flammable liquids
and other hazardous materials should be off-loaded by gravity or inert gas (typically nitrogen) pressure
blanket, in order to minimize the amount of air that mixes with the flammable vapours and to prevent the
formation of a pressurized flammable vapour-air mixture inside the vacuum cargo tank. Pressure off-loading
with an inert gas pressure blanket may also be used for off-loading products that react with air or moisture.
1. Gravity Method—Gravity off-loading is safer, easier and less expensive and is therefore used more
frequently than pump off or pressure off-loading. The gravity method is preferred for off-loading flammable
liquids and hazardous materials, as well as for non-flammable and combustible materials.
2. Pressure Method—When pressure off-loading with air or inert gas blanket, the pressure must not be
allowed to exceed the pressure relief valve setting, or if such setting is not known, the maximum allowable
working pressure as indicated by the vacuum cargo tank data plate. Outside sources of compressed air,
such as provided by an air compressor or air tanks, should not be used to pressurize vacuum tanker cargo
tanks for off-loading. Pressure off-loading with air is accomplished by reversing the vacuum pump on the
tanker. Pressure off-loading with air is typically used only when products are not considered to be
flammable, hazardous or toxic.
Note: When vacuum pumps are reversed to off-load combustible products, this reverse action may heat
combustible liquid hydrocarbons to temperatures above their flash points and they must then be treated as
flammable liquids.
3. Pump-off Method—Auxiliary (external) gear or rotary transfer pumps may be used to off-load heavy,
viscous products which are difficult to remove by pressure or gravity.
5.7 Non-Conductive Equipment
Some synthetic fabrics, including some Flame Resistant Clothing (FRC), can accumulate static charges.
The vacuum tanker owner shall provide Anti-static FRC work clothing for use with vacuum tanker
operations.
The use of non-conductive transfer items such as plastic funnels, strainers, etc. shall be prohibited. All
equipment used in the transfer shall be made of conductive materials and be properly bonded. Bonding is
not effective on non-conductive objects.
The use of non-conductive containers, such as plastic pails, as intermediate collection vessels during
vacuum tanker operations shall be prohibited. Only conductive containers shall be used and vacuum tanker
operators shall assure that these are bonded to the transfer hoses, connectors, nozzles and the source or
receiving tank, vessel or container.

Vessels
Revision: 2.2
5.8 Operation of Vehicles
Vacuum tankers shall not enter into areas until such areas have been checked and, if required, tested for
hydrocarbon vapours and determined to be safe. Permits shall be obtained prior to entering designated or
restricted areas.
Vacuum tanker cargo tanks shall be depressurized, and vapours vented to a safe area, away from
personnel and sources of ignition (or to an approved vapour recovery system), before vacuum tankers are
driven onto public highways.
Vacuum tankers have stability problems similar to other tank tankers. Vacuum tanker owners should post
the vehicle specifications (weight, height, size, etc.) inside the vacuum tankers.
5.9 On-Site Transfer
Vacuum tankers may be used to transfer material from one tank or vessel to another without leaving the
site. This may be in traditional loading at one point and unloading at another. Alternatively, the tanker’s
equipment may be used as a “portable pump” with direct connection through the tanker from one tank or
vessel to another. Operators should implement the applicable precautions listed in the sections above for
loading, air entrainment and off-loading. Maintaining static electricity safeguards is especially important
where the tanker is used as a pump with hose connection between vessels. A conductive path from one
vessel to the other will help equalize charges.

Vessels
Revision: 3.0
6 Hydrocarbon Condensate
Due to its hazardous nature, wherever possible the removal of condensate from a system using a
vacuum truck shall be avoided.
The collection of condensate using a vacuum truck is permitted only if the design of the vacuum
truck fully complies with this specification. Trucks rated at 150 kpa design pressure shall not be
used for condensate transfer. This shall be recorded on the annual inspection certificate.
Condensate shall be pumped from the vessel/drain system directly to the tanker.
WARNING: The fluid transfer shall not take place under vacuum due to the highly flammable
nature of the fluid and the increased risk of static spark when running the vacuum system.
The truck shall be purged with nitrogen prior to loading the condensate to prevent the possibility of
an explosive atmosphere occurring when loading the condensate.
Nitrogen shall be used when unloading the truck to prevent air ingress into the truck leading to the
creation of an explosive atmosphere.

Vessels
Revision: 2.2
7 Facility Loading and Off-Loading Procedures

Vacuum tanker operators transfer many different petroleum products, by-products, wastes and spilled
materials, often in the same facility.
7.1 PDO or Contractor Facility Operator Requirements:
The facility operator (PDO or Contractor operated) should provide the vacuum tanker operator with
instructions that include, but are not limited to, the following items:
a. The exact location, tank or vessel in the facility where the tanker is to proceed to load or off-load and any
SIMOPS Operations ongoing in or near that location.
b. The requirements for entry of the vacuum tanker into restricted areas within the facility.
c. Whether the product is to be reprocessed or transported to a separator or waste disposal area.
d. The applicable facility permits required for the job and product transfer, on and off premises.
e. The product to be transferred and product safety information including, but not limited to, toxicity,
corrosiveness, flammability, reactivity or combustibility. Where a specific product is involved, an
MSDS/SHOC shall be used to provide this information; however, when the material being transferred is a
mixture of many products, a contaminated product or a waste product, an MSDS/SHOC may not be
available and other appropriate information will be required. In this instance Production Chemistry shall be
approached for guidance.
f. The specific personal protective equipment required, if any.
g. Applicable facility safety and emergency response procedures, including the telephone number or other
means of contacting facility personnel or appropriate emergency responders.
h. MSDS/SHOC for the products being transferred shall be available to vacuum tanker operators. Safe air
contaminant levels (PELs and STELs) shall be identified, and a qualified person shall assess the potential
for exposure.
NOTE: Material safety data sheets should provide correct information on materials originally stored in tanks
or vessels, but might not accurately reflect the hazards when the material is co-mingled with other
chemicals, waste products, tank bottoms, contaminated catalysts, spent acids or other materials that are
being transferred. No vacuum tanker operator should be asked to handle such a material unless its
composition and hazards are known or it has been tested to determine the presence of hazardous
materials.

Vessels
Revision: 3.0
8 Inspection
In addition to Company requirements for inspection in accordance with the Road Worthiness Assurance
standards (RAS) the pressure system and pressure vessel shall be subject to a pre mobilisation inspection
by a competent third party inspection company before entering service with the Company and annual
inspections thereafter.
Inspection will be carried out by the Company or Company nominated inspector against this specification
and the checklist given in Appendix A.
Where deficiencies are identified re-inspection will be required following remedial action and prior to
certification.
Tankers will not be permitted to operate without having undergone and passed the inspection requirements.
Proof of satisfactory inspection in the form of a valid inspection sticker shall be affixed to the vehicle.
The inspector will specify the next inspection date which will be up to but not more than 12 months after the
last inspection. The next inspection date will be recorded on the sticker.
Prior to entering a PDO location the vacuum tanker shall be checked to ensure that it has a valid RAS
inspection sticker (See SP-2000) and PDO Vacuum Tanker inspection sticker. If proof cannot be given that
both RAS and Vacuum Tanker inspection certificates are up to date then entry shall be refused.
8.1 Inspection Records
The Company inspection section will retain records of all inspections and findings and copies will be passed
to the vehicle owners after each inspection.
However it is the responsibility of the vehicle owner and the Company Contract Holder for the contract
under which the vehicle is provided to ensure that the tanker is presented for re-inspection
8.2 Documentation to be supplied at inspections
At inspections the vacuum tanker owner shall supply:
1. Vessel manufacturer’s certification stating design code, pressures and temperatures for pressure
vessel and quick opening end closure.
2. Relief valve certification including Calibration certificate for both pressure and vacuum relief valves.
3. Calibration certificate for pressure gauge.
4. A test certificate confirming the electrical continuity of grounding and bonding cables provided with
the vacuum tanker.
5. An inspection certificate confirming the hoses are conductive and fit for hydrocarbon service. The
inspection certificate shall also include a continuity test for each hose.
8.3 Pre-Operation Inspection
Vehicle certification by ROP and PDO Safety are to be a verification point

Vessels
Revision: 2.2
Vacuum tanker owners and vacuum tanker operators should check the following items, as a minimum,
before vacuum tankers are operated:
Prior to selecting a vacuum tanker for a specific job, vacuum tanker owners should assure that:
a. Pressure valves, relief valves and shutoff valves are properly sized for the pump, tank and work
performed; are correctly installed; and have been inspected to be in proper operating condition.
b. Electrical continuity checks of the tanker's grounding and bonding cables and conductive hoses have
been performed on a regularly scheduled basis depending on their condition and service.
c. Where provided, intake filters, vapour recovery canisters, flame arrestors, secondary moisture traps,
screens, mufflers, exhaust filters, etc. are properly sized, installed and in good condition.
A daily check sheet for verification should be completed and signed off by all parties at the start of the work.
This self check sheet can be found in Appendix 2
Prior to commencing vacuum tanker operations, personnel associated with the operations should conduct a
Job HSE Plan to identify potential hazard exposures and ensure protective equipment, procedures and
contingency plans are in place to mitigate risks associated with identified hazards. The entire crew engaged
in the vacuum tanker operations, including third party workers, should review the most current Job HSE
Plan to gain familiarity with the hazards, risks and the appropriate safeguards.
8.4 Nameplate
The Vessel shall be fitted with a name plate stating as a minimum :
Manufacturers name
Year of Manufacture
Design Pressures and Temperature
Vessel Identification Number.

Vessels
Revision: 3.0
9 Safety
9.1 Personal Safety
Vacuum tanker personnel working in petroleum facilities shall be trained in the safe operation of the vacuum
equipment; shall be familiar with the hazards of the petroleum products, by-products, wastes and materials
being transferred; and shall be aware of relevant government and facility safety procedures and emergency
response requirements.
The vacuum tanker personnel shall wear anti static coveralls supplied by the tanker owner.
MSDS/SHOC for the products being transferred shall be available to vacuum tanker operators. Safe air
contaminant levels (PELs and STELs) shall be identified, and a qualified person shall assess the potential
for exposure.
Appropriate personal protective equipment, including respirators, shall be worn when a hazard assessment
indicates they may be needed to prevent exposures to toxic materials or air contaminants at or above PELs,
STELs or relevant TLVs.
All personnel shall leave the vacuum tanker cab during loading and off-loading operations.
Any sources of ignition e.g. smoking and mobile phones, shall not be permitted within at least 100 ft (<30m)
(depending on atmospheric conditions) of the tanker, the discharge of the vacuum pump or any other
vapour source.
All parties involved with vacuum truck operations shall be aware of the following:
Combustible liquids transferred at or above their flash point temperatures shall be handled as if they were
flammable liquids. When transferring a combustible liquid that is within 10oC of its flash point, it shall be
handled as a flammable liquid.
Waste products from petroleum operations may contain trace amounts of flammable or combustible liquids
and gases or other hazardous materials that may cause serious injury, illness, or death if not properly
handled. In addition, vacuum truck operators shall be aware that when under vacuum, even trace amount of
hydrocarbons and hydrogen sulfide gas can be easily released and create flammable and/or toxic
atmospheres.
Although BS&W may consist primarily of free water, sediment, and/or emulsion, it may also entrain
flammable or combustible hydrocarbons. Care should be exercised to understand the potential ignition and
fire hazards associated with the material(s) being handled. If condensate has been mixed with BS&W
during the removal process, this can significantly increase the fire hazard.
9.2 Personal Protective Equipment
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Legal requirements for industrial safety in Oman are stipulated in
Article 18 of Chapter 3 of the Ministerial decree no 286/2008. It is the duty of the Employer to ensure safety
in work area and provide PPE as per the above Ministerial Decree. The Ministerial Decree along with good
practice requires a hazard determination to evaluate the need for personal protective equipment (PPE).
When necessary, appropriate respiratory protection, chemical protective equipment, goggles, gloves, boots
and other required PPE shall be provided by vacuum tanker owners and used by vacuum tanker operators
for protection from exposure to the material being handled. It is the responsibility of vacuum tanker owners
to assure that vacuum tanker operators are trained and qualified.
Personal protective equipment is required to provide body, eye and respiratory system protection. (SP-
1234, use of PPE applies)
Vessels
Revision: 2.2
Appendix 1 Inspection Report

Vessels
Revision: 3.0
Appendix 2 Contractor Self Checklist

Vessels
Revision: 2.2
Appendix 3 Definitions
Glossary of Definitions, Terms and Abbreviations Certain terms and abbreviations used in this
document are defined below. The listed definitions shall be considered to supplement those given
in ASME B31.3.
General Definitions
Contractor The party which carries out all or part of the design,
engineering, procurement, construction, commissioning or
management of a project, or operation or maintenance of a
facility. The Company may undertake all or part of the duties of
the Contractor. Contractor shall also mean sub contractor.
Manufacturer The party, which manufactures or supplies equipment and

services to perform the duties specified by the Contractor.
Company Petroleum Development Oman LLC. The Company will

generally specify the technical requirements. The Company
may also include an agent or consultant authorised to act for,
and on behalf of, the Company.
User The Company, Consultant or Contractor who uses this

document.
Corporate The person within the Company responsible for the discipline to
Functional which the standard belongs.
Discipline Head
shall Indicates a requirement.
should Indicates a recommendation.
may Indicates a possible course of action.
Abbreviations
BS British Standards
ASME American Society of Mechanical Engineers
AWG American wire gauge
FRC Flame Resistant Clothing
JHA Job Hazard Analysis
JSA Job Safety Analysis
MSDS Material Safety Data Sheet
OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Administration
PEL Permissible Exposure Limit

Vessels
Revision: 3.0
PPE Personal Protective Equipment
SHOC Safety Handling of Chemicals
STEL Short-term Exposure Limit
TLV Threshold Limit Value

Vessels
Revision: 2.2
Appendix 4 API Recommended Practice
API Recommended Practice 2219 Safe Operation of Vacuum Trucks in Petroleum

Service Fourth Edition, June 2016

Vessels
Revision: 3.0
User Comment Form

If you find something that is incorrect, ambiguous or could be better in this
Specification, write your comments and suggestions on this form. Send the form to
the Document Control Section (DCS). They make a record of your comment and
send the form to the correct CFDH. The form has spaces for your personal details.
This lets DCS or the CFDH ask you about your comments and tell you about the
decision.
Procedure Title: Issue
Details Date:
Number:
Page Number: Heading Number: Figure Number:
Comments:
Suggestions:
User’s personal details

Name: Ref. Signature: Date:
Ind.:
Phone:
Document Control Section Actions
Comment Date: CFDH
Number: Ref. Ind.:
Recd.: To CFDH:
CFDH Actions
Recd. Decision: Inits.: Ref. Date:
Date:  Ind.:
Reject:
Accept, revise at next issue: 
Accept, issue temporary 
amendment
Comments:
Originator Date Inits.: Document Date: Inits.:

Advised: : Control
Section
Advised:
Vessels
Revision: 2.2
Addendum 1 – Changes at Revision 2.1
Page Description of change
7 Added a note on hoses specification section 2.7.5

Vessels
Revision: 3.0
Addendum 2 – Changes at Revision 3.0
Page Description of change
Entire document re-structured and additional content

added following MDIRC review.
22 Add Inspection Report
23 Add Contractor vendor Self check Checklist
26 Add API Recommended Practice

Vessels

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Petroleum Development Oman L.L.C.

Specification for Vacuum Tankers

Discipline Production Operations

Owner Functional Production Manager - UOP

Issue Date March 2018

Copyright: This document is the property of Petroleum Development Oman, LLC.

Version Date Author Scope / Remarks

Page ii SP-1207 – Specification for Vacuum Tankers Printed 18/03/18

i Revision History .............................................................................. ii

1.1 Purpose ........................................................................................ 1

1.2 Changes to the Specification ..................................................... 1

1.3 Review and Improvement ........................................................... 1

1.4 Permanent Changes.................................................................... 1

1.5 Facility Change Management ..................................................... 1

2. Specification for Vacuum Tankers and Pressure Systems .......... 2

2.1 Background ................................................................................. 2

2.2 Scope ........................................................................................... 2

2.3 Basic Vacuum Operations .......................................................... 2

3 Vacuum Tanker Requirements ....................................................... 4

4 Bonding and Grounding ................................................................. 9

5 Safe Operation of Vacuum Tankers in Petroleum Service .......... 11

5.5 Air Entrainment ........................................................................ 13

6 Hydrocarbon Condensate ............................................................. 16

7 Facility Loading and Off-Loading Procedures ............................ 17

Page iv SP-1207 – Specification for Vacuum Tankers Printed 18/03/18

Appendix 1 Inspection Report .......................................................... 21

Page v SP-1207 – Specification for Vacuum Tankers Printed 18/03/18

Appendix 2 Contractor Self Checklist .............................................. 22

Page vi SP-1207 – Specification for Vacuum Tankers Printed 18/03/18

Appendix 3 Definitions ...................................................................... 23

Appendix 4 API Recommended Practice ......................................... 25

Addendum 1 – Changes at Revision 2.1 .......................................... 27

Addendum 2 – Changes at Revision 3.0 .......................................... 28

Page vii SP-1207 – Specification for Vacuum Tankers Printed 18/03/18

1.2 Changes to the Specification

1.3 Review and Improvement

1.4 Permanent Changes

1.5 Facility Change Management

Page 1 SP-1207 – Specification for Vacuum Tankers Printed 18/03/18

2. Specification for Vacuum Tankers and Pressure Systems

The Specification is mandatory and controlled.

 Specifications for Vacuum Tankers and Pressure Systems

 Safe Operation of Vacuum Tankers in Petroleum Service

 Personal Safety and PPE

2.3 Basic Vacuum Operations

Figure 1 Typical Vacuum Truck Arrangement

Page 2 SP-1207 – Specification for Vacuum Tankers Printed 18/03/18

Potential Hazards Associated With Vacuum Truck Operations:

The two basic types of vacuum tanker operations are:

3 Vacuum Tanker Requirements

3.1 Cargo Tank Construction Requirements

3.2 Pressure Relief (Over-Pressure and Under-Pressure)

A vacuum relief arrangement is also required.

3.3 Pressure Gauge and Measurement and Sampling

Pressure gauges shall be visible to the operator during operation.

Page 4 SP-1207 – Specification for Vacuum Tankers Printed 18/03/18

3.4 Ignition Control

3.5 Static Control

Page 5 SP-1207 – Specification for Vacuum Tankers Printed 18/03/18