Theoretical Framework

Theoretical Framework
These are the following theories which support or hold our
research or study:
Routine activities theory
Routine activity theory, developed by Cohen and Felson,
revolves around three things: a
"potential offender, a suitable target, and the absence of a
capable guardian" (Bottoms & Wiles.
1997, p. 320). All three must come together in order for
criminal activity to be realized. Routine activity theory
relies on the same rational choice methodology as
situational crime prevention
techniques.
Therefore, it has important implications for the
prevention of crime made by the
barangay tanod. They conduct night time patrol as one of
their prevention strategies that are informed by routine
activities theory attempt to alter these opportunity
structures to prevent criminal events. It has been

increasingly used much more broadly to understand and
prevent crime problems. It also has very practical
implications for prevention; therefore, practitioners like
barangay tanod have applied routine activities theory in
applying some practices and prevention strategies in
conducting night time patrol.
Social Control Theory
The intellectual roots of social control theory reach
back several centuries, but it was
not until the middle of the 20th century that this theory
began to generate broad interest among crime researchers.
Since then, it has been among the most frequently tested in
the scientific literature and has garnered substantial
empirical support. The first task of the control theorist is
to identify the important elements of the bond to society.
The second task is to say what is meant by society to locate
the persons and institutions important in the control of
delinquent and criminal behavior. The following list of
elements of the bond- attachment, commitment, involvement,
and belief- has proved useful in explaining the logic of the

theory and in summarizing relevant research. It has also
provided guidelines for evaluation of delinquency prevention
programs.
Therefore, this theory also be on how an authority can
prevent a crime. It is important for an authority to know
the whole community and its people including areas wherein
crime is at peak
so that they will think of necessary strategies within their
community. They should know how to communicate well with the
people within their community in order to build a positive
relationship among them. He/she must be involved in some
activities that promotes positive
outcomes. He/she must know how to implement the task given
by higher authority so that the people around him/her will
follow him/her without any hesitation.
Symbolic Interaction Theory
The labeling perspective has its origins in the work of
Mead and Cooley in the sociological

theory of symbolic interactionism. Mead (1934) believed that
the self-arose through social processes, or social
experiences, which involved play, game, and the generalized
other. A person's self is generated when an individual takes
the attitudes of other people in the group around him or her
(whom Mead called the generalized other) and superimposes
those attitudes upon behavioral patterns; thus, a person
will generally behave in a manner that is consistent with
the way in which that person believes others view him or
her. Mead differentiated between the
"me" and the "I." and Cooley (1926) referred to this process
as the looking-glass self, which is a reference to the
socially shaped self. This process is not a static one;
instead, it is a dynamic process of the individual "reacting
back against society," which in turn is constantly reacting
to the individual (Mead, 1977, p. 235).
In this way, an individual will behave in a manner that
is consistent with others' beliefs and expectations. Human
behavior revolves around the meanings of things and
situations; the interpretation of these meanings through
interactions with others; and the interpretive process an

individual undergoes concerning interactions, both present
and past (Blumer, 1969).
Mead (1977) viewed this role taking as the foundation for
social control (formal and informal).
This two-way, symbolic interaction between the self and
society forms the foundation of labeling theory.
Therefore, this theory pertains to interactions between self
and society and that is how a barangay tanod and the people
within the community interact with each other. There must be
a positive relationship among them but not to the extent
that he/she will tolerate the bad behavior of his/her
fellowmen. It is important that everybody will be treated
fairly in order to have a
peaceful community.

Theoretical Framework

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Theoretical Framework

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Theoretical Framework

These are the following theories which support or hold our

Routine activities theory

Routine activity theory, developed by Cohen and Felson,

revolves around three things: a

"potential offender, a suitable target, and the absence of a

capable guardian" (Bottoms & Wiles.

1997, p. 320). All three must come together in order for

criminal activity to be realized. Routine activity theory

relies on the same rational choice methodology as

situational crime prevention

Therefore, it has important implications for the

prevention of crime made by the

barangay tanod. They conduct night time patrol as one of

their prevention strategies that are informed by routine

activities theory attempt to alter these opportunity

structures to prevent criminal events. It has been

prevent crime problems. It also has very practical

implications for prevention; therefore, practitioners like

barangay tanod have applied routine activities theory in

applying some practices and prevention strategies in

conducting night time patrol.

Social Control Theory

The intellectual roots of social control theory reach

back several centuries, but it was

began to generate broad interest among crime researchers.

Since then, it has been among the most frequently tested in

the scientific literature and has garnered substantial

empirical support. The first task of the control theorist is

to identify the important elements of the bond to society.

The second task is to say what is meant by society to locate

the persons and institutions important in the control of

delinquent and criminal behavior. The following list of

elements of the bond- attachment, commitment, involvement,

and belief- has proved useful in explaining the logic of the

provided guidelines for evaluation of delinquency prevention

Therefore, this theory also be on how an authority can

prevent a crime. It is important for an authority to know

the whole community and its people including areas wherein

so that they will think of necessary strategies within their

community. They should know how to communicate well with the

people within their community in order to build a positive

relationship among them. He/she must be involved in some

activities that promotes positive

outcomes. He/she must know how to implement the task given

by higher authority so that the people around him/her will

follow him/her without any hesitation.

Symbolic Interaction Theory

The labeling perspective has its origins in the work of

Mead and Cooley in the sociological

the self-arose through social processes, or social

experiences, which involved play, game, and the generalized

other. A person's self is generated when an individual takes

the attitudes of other people in the group around him or her

(whom Mead called the generalized other) and superimposes

those attitudes upon behavioral patterns; thus, a person

will generally behave in a manner that is consistent with

the way in which that person believes others view him or