LS English 8 Learner Book Answers PDF Earth
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CAMBRIDGE LOWER SECONDARY ENGLISH 8: TEACHER’S RESOURCE
Learner’s Book
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1.1 The leopard 3 Learners’ answers will vary, but may include
the following ideas:
1 Notes will vary, but may include the following
• The use of verbs in the present tense
ideas:
makes the story more immediate, as the
• Impressions of nature: nature is permanent events are happening as we read.
– the mountains are always there; nature is
• The writer creates a relaxed and pleasant
beautiful and pleasant – the sun rising and
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the sounds of the birds; nature is powerful
scene of the dawn through present tense
phrases such as The sun rises and the air
and impressive – the children climb ‘up to
fills as they are climbing up to the clouds.
the clouds’; nature is peaceful. It is also a
place to escape to (fewer thoughts) • As a result, the shot comes as a shock,
disturbing the peaceful scene. There is a
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• Characters: Praveen and Ravi seem good,
as they are innocently enjoying a country
sense of the noise completely disrupting
the peace as it rings out and echoes . . .
hike and appreciating nature; Toad and
disturbing the stillness.
Stinger come across as bad because of the
shot which may have harmed the leopard. 4 Learners’ answers will vary, but may include
the following ideas:
2 a Summaries should include the following
ideas: • The leopard is presented as a helpless
victim due to its injury and limp, which
• Praveen and Ruby are trekking up
makes it more unfair when the men
a mountain in the peaceful early
shoot it. It thuds to the ground, which
morning.
emphasises its dead weight and all its
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see the remains of a campfire. power gone. Its legs are spread in front
of it makes it sound inelegant and lacks
• They hear twigs cracking. respect for such a magnificent creature.
• A shot suddenly fires. The velvet sheen of its coat is ruined by
the bullet wound.
• They hide, then crawl towards the
sound of men’s voices. • The men sound like villains as they tower
over it, showing their power, but clasping
• They see three men and a leopard. their rifles makes them seem weak as they
rely on weapons. Their lack of remorse
b The tone changes on Praveen raises his
makes them seem evil.
finger to his lips.
1 Cambridge Lower Secondary English 8 – Creamer, Clare & Rees-Bidder © Cambridge University Press 2021
her fear, she gathers herself to take a 3 foliage: greenery (plants, shrubs, leaves, etc.)
picture to use as evidence against the men.
cradle: to hold gently
• When the leopard has been shot, the
writer uses descriptive words to show 4 And the mountain roars with me suggests that
its beauty. The coat is covered in black not only Ruby but also nature itself is angry at
rosettes and has a velvet sheen, which the death of the leopard.
sounds luxurious. The mountain is silent apart from howling wind.
• The verb ‘snarling’ shows the leopard is This sentence ending the extract reflects the
warning the men despite being injured. narrator’s surprise at the discovery of the cub
The verb limp shows that the leopard but also her need to stay silent to protect it.
is injured and vulnerable so makes the 5 Learners’ answers will vary, but may include
shooting seem more cruel and cowardly. the following ideas:
The verb thuds shows the dead weight of it
as it falls. The narrator is horrified, shown • The story shows how little the men care
by her instinct to scream and collapse. for the natural world, as they shoot a
leopard and feel no remorse.
5 Learners’ answers will vary.
• The writer creates a beautiful setting in
1.2 The mysterious figure the early morning with the air filled with
birds and tweets and then shows how they
1 Learners’ answers will vary. ruin it by needlessly shooting a defenceless
creature.
2 Audio scripts should include details of the
tone in which the characters say lines and • When the narrator says the mountain
sound effects to allow the listening audience to roars with me she is showing that nature is
understand what is happening. For example: angry and disturbed by the shooting.
RUBY : (shouting urgently) Get back, Praveen! • When the leopard is dead, the men do not
feel guilt, instead looking at its dead body
TOAD: (yelling) Give me that camera! admiringly.
(Sound effect of camera being smashed against • However, Ruby’s actions show that not
a rock and Ruby howling) all people have bad attitudes to the natural
RUBY :(desperately) No! All my photos are world as she is devastated by the shooting
stored on there. What have you done? of the leopard and stands up to the men
bravely. She also saves the cub and her heart
TOAD: (threateningly) What are you doing out feels ready to burst with love showing how
here? deeply she cares for it.
GARIAN:(angrily) Who are you working for?
Are you taking pictures of me? 1.3 The wildness of eagles
RUBY :(quickly) We’re here to take pictures 1 The eagle is described as isolated but powerful
of wildlife. I’m hoping to be a wildlife as he is high up. He sounds old and wise. His
photographer. flight is dramatic. Learners should identify
these ideas in their own words.
(Awkward pause)
2 a Techniques used include:
RUBY : (hissed) You killed it. You cowards.
• personification (He clasps the crag with
TOAD: I’ve had enough of this. Get them! crooked hands / the wrinkled sea)
GARIAN:Wait. Who the hell is up there with a • hyperbole (close to the sun)
gun pointing at us?
• simile (like a thunderbolt he falls).
(Sound effect of a gun being loaded and clicked
above)
2 Cambridge Lower Secondary English 8 – Creamer, Clare & Rees-Bidder © Cambridge University Press 2021
4 Answers may include some of the following 2 a He means they are carried along by the
ideas: water.
• The language used in the poem is more b The spiders are ruthless, like people
figurative. The poet uses alliteration working in business who get what they
(clasps the crag with crooked hands), want.
similes (like a thunderbolt) and
personification (wrinkled sea beneath c It means he does not like the way the
him crawls). world works and has lots of negative
feelings.
• In the prose text, the language is
plainer and offers more facts such as 3 Learners’ answers will vary, but may include
measurements like two-metre wingspan. the following ideas:
5 Learners’ answers will vary, but learners • It means that animal behaviour as
should consider which text is more exciting/ described has equivalents in human
creative/imaginative and which is more society.
factual/informative. • It is mostly to do with some people
6 Learners’ answers will vary. ruthlessly taking advantage of others and
exploiting their weaknesses.
3 Cambridge Lower Secondary English 8 – Creamer, Clare & Rees-Bidder © Cambridge University Press 2021
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4 Discussions may include the following ideas: • Nature as aggressive: nature is presented
as aggressive in ‘Loneliness’, as the hawk
• How varied sentences are used: longer
is hovering to catch birds, and the spider
sentences using enjambment (for example,
spins a web to catch prey. However,
lines 1 and 2 put stress on Long time).
‘Visitors’ presents nature as much more
• Shorter sentences: It is quiet too and peaceful as the house by the river is quiet
I am happy here often used to convey and he feels rested.
contentment.
• Nature can have a positive effect on
• Longer sentence beginning When humans: in ‘Visitors’, nature is seen
someone calls . . . indicates action and is to offer peace and tranquillity, which
more positive in tone. Shows the healing improves the narrator’s health – he is
qualities of the house by the river. brighter and more rested. A simple life
is presented. However, in ‘Loneliness’,
• Last two lines are humble – two short
nature is not presented as positive, as the
sentences.
narrator is clearly unhappy and lonely.
• The way that the lines are split means
there are pauses and the poem is slower in
• Nature is beautiful: in both poems, nature
is presented as beautiful in some ways. The
places. This reflects the ill health and slow
white gulls float on the stream is peaceful
pace of life of the narrator.
as they are unaware of the hawk above
5 Discussions may include the following ideas: them. Likewise, although the spider’s
• Effect nature has on humans: web is deadly, it is also in the beautiful
‘Loneliness’ presents nature rather dew which sparkles in the grass. There is
negatively whereas in ‘Visitors’ nature is less description in ‘Visitors’ but there is
presented as peaceful and healing. some beauty suggested in the river and my
In ‘Loneliness’, the white gulls are thatched hut because it is simple and quiet.
unsuspecting and unaware that they are • The voice of poem is sad: the narrator
about to be pounced on by a predator. seems sad in ‘Loneliness’ as he does not
This is likened to the behaviour of human like the way the world works and seems to
society as though we reflect nature. This feel isolated from it. However, in ‘Visitors’,
poem exposes the cruelty of nature and the narrator seems content because he feels
humans. In ‘Visitors’, nature is calm and better and enjoys the simple life he leads.
soothing. It has the effect of making
humans kind and hospitable.
• In ‘Visitors’, the narrator seems thankful
for the simple life by the river and the joys
• The viewpoints: of fresh vegetables given in friendship. The
The narrator in ‘Loneliness’ seems bitter use of possession in ‘my straw hat’, ‘my
and resentful. He/she is lonely and thatched hut’ and ‘my son’ add to the idea
isolated and seems to be blaming the of simple things in life make him happy
world. The narrator is unhappy. at this stage of his life. His house, his
The narrator in ‘Visitors’ seems gentle simple possession and his family are what’s
and accepting of their ill health. There important to him now. In ‘Loneliness’,
is a sense that the narrator is grateful for however, the narrator does not seem
the small things and does not have any thankful, as he feels isolated and lonely.
bitterness or anger. The narrator is happy.
7 Answers should be clearly split into
• The purposes: preparation notes and an extended answer
‘Loneliness’ seems to be warning the of 150 words. Answers should choose clear
reader to be more aware of the cruelty examples of language and explain how they
and ruthlessness in the world. present nature in the poem. Some of the
‘Visitors’ seems to be asking the readers following examples may be included: spring
to consider the benefits of peace and in the mountains; chopping wood echoes;
solitude. It extols the virtues of a simple silent peaks; icy; snow; sunset; stony mountain
and uncomplicated life. pass; aura of gold; silver ore; gentle; tamed;
forgotten, hidden; empty boat, floating, adrift.
6 Answers may include some of the following
ideas:
4 Cambridge Lower Secondary English 8 – Creamer, Clare & Rees-Bidder © Cambridge University Press 2021
Main points
Earth is changing naturally. Earth does change over time, but the changes
are happening faster due to humans.
Humans cannot influence Earth’s movement. Greenhouse gasses have increased, causing
Earth to heat up.
The angle of the Earth changes the climate. Earth is heating up ten times faster than ever
before.
The way the Earth orbits the sun influences Ice is melting.
climate.
Seasons change as a result of the Earth Sea levels are rising.
changing its position.
Climate change happens naturally. There is more extreme weather.
Humans are victims of climate change not 97% of scientists blame humans for climate
the cause. change.
2 • In the first text, many of the main points 4 Answers should include examples for some of
are the first sentence in each paragraph. the following ideas:
• In the second text, they are sometimes the • Comparison of the more formal language
final sentence in the paragraph but also in used in Quotation A to create a detailed
the bulleted list. explanation. In contrast, Quotation B
uses more straightforward vocabulary, but
• The first text only uses a headline. It is
also more emotive language (suffers
quite a formal text. The second text uses
suffer).
a headline and subheadings. It also uses
bullet points. It is a less formal text and • Use of semi-colon in the first quotation to
perhaps has appeal to a wider readership link cause and effect. Use of capitalisation
so helps the reader find their way around of FACT in second quotation.
the text more.
• Complex sentence structures in the first
3 Example Purpose quotation compared to simple sentences
in the second.
Although it’s likely Introduces a
that . . . contrasting idea. • Exclamation marks are used to make the
However, it also Introduces a writing more dramatic.
works . . . new part of the 5 Answers should be a clear rewording of the
argument. main ideas of the article in more informal
. . . therefore, it’s a Concludes a point language. The second article should be used to
natural process generate ideas about vocabulary, punctuation
Hence, the ice caps Concludes a point and sentence types. Answers to Activities 2
melt and 4 should be used to prepare this answer.
5 Cambridge Lower Secondary English 8 – Creamer, Clare & Rees-Bidder © Cambridge University Press 2021
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6 Cambridge Lower Secondary English 8 – Creamer, Clare & Rees-Bidder © Cambridge University Press 2021
2 ‘Grandmother’s Song’
2.1 Life in the village Grandmother Granddaughter
Stood proud and Delicate as the
1 Answers may include some of the following
examples:
tall blossoms
Downy cheeks Tiny, bow lips
• The setting is dramatic and contrasting: stretched smooth
high mountains, gentle slopes. and plump
• The setting is beautiful: glistening rocks. Eyes were deep Wide-open
and warm brown eyes . . . black
• The use of colour: emerald green trees, . . . sad but also and clear
new green shoots, milk-white lilies. kind
2 The patterns link the present with the future. Powerful legs and As she played she
For example, They planted . . . then they sturdy feet . . . trembled
watched as new green shoots sprang . . . This rooted her to the
links the work of planting with the result in earth
the future of the crops growing. Also They Arms were strong She shook and
gathered . . . then took them to market . . . and her hands shivered
again shows the cycle of work developing into graceful
the next stage. It shows actions have results.
Prediction: the grandmother may get older
3 Learners’ answers will vary, but may suggest and weaker; the granddaughter may get
that the comparison to delicate blossoms stronger and braver.
suggests that the granddaughter is young and
innocent, pretty and sweet. 5 Answers may offer explanations of some of
the following examples:
4 Answers may include some of the following
examples: • as delicate as the blossoms
7 Cambridge Lower Secondary English 8 – Creamer, Clare & Rees-Bidder © Cambridge University Press 2021
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2 Learners’ answers will vary, but should use • Grandmother says that helping others
some of the ideas noted in Activity 1 using makes you stronger and braver using
examples from the text to illustrate the ideas in similar words to when she said the world
the third column. is frightening for those without courage
earlier on.
3 Learners’ answers will vary, but should include
explanations of clear examples that show the • The hummingbird allows granddaughter
power and effect of the grandmother’s direct to move forward / make progress in her
speech. Examples might be: attempts to be braver.
8 Cambridge Lower Secondary English 8 – Creamer, Clare & Rees-Bidder © Cambridge University Press 2021
4 Answers may include some of the following 2.4 Climbing the mountains
ideas:
alone
Example of Meaning and effect 1 Lights the fire. (Links to her grandmother
figurative language keeping her warm as a child in Extract 3.)
Trembling grand- Personification is
daughter sensed a used to compare Boils water and cooks for her. (Links to the
strange pride pour the feeling of pride grandmother teaching her to plant and gather
through her body. to a liquid – ‘pour’ food in Extract 1.)
suggests a large, Washes and brushes her hair. (Links to her
fast-moving grandmother stroking her head as a child in
quantity. The effect Extract 3.)
of this is to show the
reader how much Massages her feet and hands. (Links to the
the granddaughter description of her grandmother’s sturdy feet in
has developed from Extract 1. Links to her grandmother stroking
a hesitant girl to her as a child.)
one whose positive Walks holding her arm to support her. (Links
emotions now move to the description of the grandmother’s
freely and quickly powerful legs in Extract 1.)
through her.
She stroked trust A metaphor is 2 a It symbolises grandmother dying and
and courage, skill used to show how leaving granddaughter.
and dignity into grandmother’s b Grief striking like lightning; trembling
trembling grand- actions have a like a raging storm; crying like a river.
daughter. positive effect on
granddaughter. c The writer used these images because
they represent the power of grief – it
She understood The metaphor is
is a natural and strong emotion that
well the language continued as grand-
cannot be controlled easily. The reader
of grandmother’s mother’s stroking
feels sympathy for granddaughter and
hands. communicates
empathises with her grief.
clearly to her.
5 Key events: showing the children the way to
3 Learners’ answers will vary, but should link
back to the idea expressed in Session 2.3
the river; helping the hummingbird; helping
Activity 6 b.
the boy accused of stealing.
4 a Spanish and North American
6 a Learners’ answers will vary.
9 Cambridge Lower Secondary English 8 – Creamer, Clare & Rees-Bidder © Cambridge University Press 2021
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• This shows that through her 6 Learners’ answers should include a plan,
grandmother’s loving touch she builds her organisational features and use formal
granddaughter’s confidence and character. language.
• This shows that the love is cyclical and the 2.6 Comparing texts
granddaughter repays the grandmother’s
love. 1 Discussions will vary, but may include:
• This shows that because they were so • The softness of her hair shows love and
physically close, she can still feel her tenderness.
grandmother’s presence.
• The delicacy of her head shows how frail
3 Quotations might be: she is.
• Human growth: instead of running away; • The last line shows the cyclical nature of
that’s progress; this is progress; you stood care in relationships.
tall between the earth and sky; her song
went so deep; she grew up into a strong • The poem is a memory but is very detailed
and confident woman; granddaughter has so is clearly an important one from the
become a grandmother many times now. past.
• The cycle of life: held the hummingbird • The link between the hair and the silk of
with the same tenderness as her the wedding dress.
grandmother had held her; this is my gift • She is referred to as a widow so there is a
that I am stroking into you. It is also a gift hint of sadness from the past.
of my grandmother; now granddaughter
had children of her own. • Her hair in the past was chestnut and
thick. Shows the changes time brings.
• Memory: no one even remembered that she
once ran from armadillos; Grandmother’s • My mother’s mother shows the
spirit is all around us. generations.
• Wisdom of older people: rooted her to the 2 a But there is a photo of her / Sitting swathed
earth, like an ancient tree; I have to go on in hair / That I imagine chestnut from the
alone. black and white, / Long enough to sit on.
10 Cambridge Lower Secondary English 8 – Creamer, Clare & Rees-Bidder © Cambridge University Press 2021
• She then looks after her grandmother 4 any example of a folk story (including
when she is old. ‘Grandmother’s Song’)
• She is devastated when grandmother 5 growing old; the cycle of life; developing as
dies but feels her influence and a person; the wisdom of age; the power of
presence. She becomes a human touch
grandmother herself.
6 a simple storyline; a journey; characters who
3 • Both granddaughters are very loving to are good or bad
their grandmothers as they get old; both
granddaughters like to touch and tend
their grandmothers as a way of showing
their love.
11 Cambridge Lower Secondary English 8 – Creamer, Clare & Rees-Bidder © Cambridge University Press 2021
3 Strange islands
1.1 The mystery of Oak Island 4 Learners’ answers may include: Michigan’s
main men and coolest kids; local heroes;
1 Answers should form useful notes of key successful businessmen; if anyone can do it, the
points: Lagina brothers can!
12 Cambridge Lower Secondary English 8 – Creamer, Clare & Rees-Bidder © Cambridge University Press 2021
2
Island / country Key features Subsidiary features Strange feature
Skorpios, Greece Sandy beaches Aristotle Onassis bought it None
in 1963
Forests with 200 types of
trees In 2011, only 5 people were
living there
Large luxury resort built in
2018 Celebrity parties used to be
held there
It has a helipad
Okunoshima, Full of tame rabbits but There’s a museum Rabbits
uninhabited by humans dedicated to poison gas
Japan
on the island
Used to be a chemical
testing site
Museum of poisonous gas
Snake Island, The largest number of Most snakes are golden Snakes
snakes in such a small lancehead vipers
Brazil
place
The island used to be
Uninhabited inhabited by humans
Illegal to land boats There was a lighthouse
there until 1920
Poaching is a problem
Island of the Situated in the Xochimilco Don Julian Santana Barrera Dolls
Dolls, canals is thought to have put the
doll collection there over a
Mexico There are hundreds of dolls
50-year period until 2000
placed on the island
3 Short sentences and ellipsis (that’s right . . . change the landscape constantly. There’s only
dolls) creates a sense of disbelief. one solitary tree because the wind blows them
all over! The island is known as ‘the graveyard
Exclamation mark (or at least parts of dolls!)
of the Atlantic’ because so many ships have been
adds drama / a sense of horror.
wrecked there. You will not find many people
Question (creepy, eh?) invites reader to share who want to live in such a desolate place but
sense of horror. there are lots of wild horses galloping around.
Dashes (– or parts of dolls –) adds gruesome Strangeness rating: 2/5 – Too windy and lonely
detail for shock effect. for us!
4 Learners’ answers will vary, but should be 5 Learners’ answers will vary.
modelled on the original text. Example
answer: 3.3 Treasure Island: Meeting
Sable Island Ben Gunn
Where? Canada 1 tint: colour
13 Cambridge Lower Secondary English 8 – Creamer, Clare & Rees-Bidder © Cambridge University Press 2021
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1 Learners perform the script. They both get happier: suddenly Maya and
Simon both felt more cheerful.
2 Learners’ answers will vary.
b There is a jungle behind them and the sea
3 Learners’ answers will vary, but should be before them.
modelled on the original text. Sample answer:
There are palm trees moving in the breeze
BEN: Just you mention tell this to your squire,
at the edge of the beach.
Jim. You say this: Gunn is a good man, and
he puts a precious sight more confidence in The sand seems to sing as it moves.
14 Cambridge Lower Secondary English 8 – Creamer, Clare & Rees-Bidder © Cambridge University Press 2021
There are pools of water on the beach. • Helix seems to be warning Maya that she
might not find help on Tamarind.
There is a bright moon.
• Helix seems to be very wary about what
c Answers may include some of the
he says and is holding things back.
following ideas:
4 Answers may explore some of the following
• Simile – like thousands of delicate
ideas:
crystal chimes – adds a magical feeling
as though the island is enchanted. • Suggestions about why Helix is alone.
• Metaphor – tears welled up – • Why Helix has told Maya things are
exaggerates the amount of tears and different on the island than where she
stresses her strong emotions. comes from.
• Personification – muggy breath of the • Why he seems to doubt that they will finds
jungle – shows how hot and humid it their parents.
is but also makes the jungle seem alive
• Why he is interested in the logbook and
and mysterious.
what he read in it.
• Metaphor – little hillocks of moonlight
– describing how the shapes of the Check your progress
sand look almost moonlike. Gives it a
1 Hyperbole is exaggeration. Example: ‘The
feeling of a dreamy otherworld.
whole world has heard about . . .’
4 Answers should give a clear example of each
2 Writers use informal language with
sentence type with an appropriate explanation
contractions, or deliberate misspelling to show
of its effectiveness.
how a word is pronounced. They also use
• Simple: Maya knelt down ... pools. This dashes and exclamation marks.
simple sentence describes her movement
3 He was left on the island three years earlier by
concisely.
the rest of the crew after they failed to find the
• Compound: The pools stretched out down treasure.
the beach, and ... moon. This compound
He was scared as he watched the ship sail away
sentence gives an overview of the scene.
and disappear.
• Complex: As she watched ... jagged
He made a shelter in a clump of bushes.
pieces. This complex sentence slows the
writing down and allows the writer to He made a fire and drank seawater.
develop a mysterious atmosphere through
He survived on berries and fruit.
describing what is happening in detail.
4 Scripts are written and laid out as dialogue.
5 Answers should use the example as a guide.
Scripts have stage directions containing guidance
6 Learners predict how the story might develop.
for the actors on how to move or speak.
1 Learners’ answers will vary. 5 Genre clues help the reader to anticipate what a
story may be about and what kinds of things will
2 a desperately/loudly/angrily/petulantly
happen, for example, fantasy, Science fiction.
b quietly/hopelessly/nervously
6 Sound out the word by reading aloud each
c sincerely/sadly/wistfully letter or syllable using phonetic knowledge.
3 Answers may include some of the following Use knowledge of word patterns, for example
ideas: knowing that y on the end of a word becomes
ies when pluralised.
• Helix appears to be thoughtful as he
moves away with Maya but reassures her
that they will keep her brother and sister
in view.
15 Cambridge Lower Secondary English 8 – Creamer, Clare & Rees-Bidder © Cambridge University Press 2021
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1983: ARPAnet allowed National Science Foundation Network to use part of its network
1989: the World Wide Web as we know it was created with the invention of http by Tim Berners-Lee
2 Structural features and effects include: use of questions to arouse curiosity; chronological structure
for clarity; use of dates creates a clear timeline; subheadings organises the material logically; final
paragraph shifts in tone as it looks to the future. Images are included to add interest.
3 Learners’ answers will vary, but should address all bullet points and offer clear examples from the text.
4 Learners’ answers will vary but should address all bullet points and offer clear comparisons with
examples from the texts.
Article 1 Article 2
Structure • Uses heading and subheadings. • Uses heading only.
• Has an introduction in italics. • Goes straight into the article.
• The paragraphs are mostly short • There are three longer
and there are 6 of them. paragraphs.
• It uses lots of rhetorical questions. • There are no rhetorical questions.
• It is mostly chronological but does • The information is organised
move around a bit. logically giving a chronological
account.
• both articles use images.
• both articles use images.
Formality of • Includes a mini timeline at the • The language is formal
language end as a summary. throughout.
• The article uses informal language • There is no informal language.
and addresses the reader directly.
• It uses informal words and
phrases such as crazy I know! and
daddy!
Use of • It uses brackets for chatty asides. • Brackets are used to explain
punctuation acronyms.
• It uses dashes to add extra
information. • There are no dashes.
• use of exclamation marks to make
the text more immediate.
Learners answers will vary but they should cover some of the features highlighted in the table.
16 Cambridge Lower Secondary English 8 – Creamer, Clare & Rees-Bidder © Cambridge University Press 2021
5 Learners’ answers will vary, but should include • Technology has made young people
the features outlined in the bullet points and better at communication.
show evidence of research from different
sources. The content and tone should be
• Her daughter is good at reading people.
suitable for the target audience of people aged • Technology allows knowledge to be
over 70. accessed easily.
17 Cambridge Lower Secondary English 8 – Creamer, Clare & Rees-Bidder © Cambridge University Press 2021
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1 Notes will vary but may include: 5 Learners’ answers will vary.
18 Cambridge Lower Secondary English 8 – Creamer, Clare & Rees-Bidder © Cambridge University Press 2021
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