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74.) Gallo vs. Cordero 245 SCRA 219

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Gallo vs.

Cordero 245 SCRA 219

Facts of the case:

The complaint is made connection with Criminal Case "People v. Cristuto Barreta" which complainant
filed in respondent judge's court for violation of P.D. No. 772, otherwise known as the Anti-Squatting
Law. The criminal complaint alleged that several years ago, at Barangay Bagong Silang, municipality of
Babatñgon, Leyte, the accused in the case, all taking advantage of the absence or tolerance of the land
owners succeeded in occupying and possessing certain portions of the property of the latter against their
will for residential and small farming purposes, and have refused to vacate the property despite demands.
On August 26, 1994, respondent issued a subpoena to complainant requiring him to appear and to testify
regarding his affidavit and to bring with him documents attesting to his ownership of the land.
Complainant appeared as directed and his affidavit states:

That on August 30, 1994 I saw Honorable Judge Jose Cordero in his office, having been summoned to
appear before him on that day; That he then asked me if I have papers of ownership of land, such as tax
declaration, and I said yes but did not bring them as this was no trial; and besides, he already had the
records submitted by the chief of police; That since he insisted on seeing our tax declaration, with his
permission I secured a certified copy of the tax declaration of land in Bagong Silang, and gave it to him;
and noting the area to be 21 hectares the Judge commented that ours is quite a big tract of land; That
when I asked the Judge if the accused have already been arrested, he said No; so I said, what about this
case of ours? And he asked what I really wanted. When I said I want them ejected from our land the
Judge said: "No, you cannot eject tenants now under the law." I countered that the four accused are not
tenants, but the Judge said, "Even then, nobody can eject them."

The following day, according to complainant, his son Roger Gallo went to respondent's office to deliver
his letter in which he inquired from the judge whether he had already issued a warrant of arrest against the
accused; that upon entering the office, Roger saw respondent conversing with the accused in the criminal
case.

Issue:

Whether respondent judge committed impropriety.

Held:

It would thus appear that respondent was confused about what to do. He says in his comment that he
found the criminal complaint to be insufficient because it does not state the time of commission of the
offense and the name of the offended party. He also contends that it does not charge an offense because in
accordance with the ruling in People v. Echaves, the offense punished under P.D. No. 772 is committed
only in urban communities, although in Jumawan v. Eviota 10 we overruled People v. Echaves and held
that what is punished by the law is squatting on land which is used for residential, commercial or other
purposes. Be that as it may, however, what respondent should have done was to dismiss the criminal case.
The fact, however, is that he did not dismiss the complaint; neither did he, on the other hand, order the
arrest of the accused in that case. Respondent judge also opened himself to charges of partiality and bias
by meeting privately with the four accused. He says that he merely wanted to apprise them of their
constitutional right. Whatever his purpose was, it was improper for respondent judge to meet them
without the presence of complainant. Thus, respondent judge not only has shown gross ignorance of law
and procedure but has also failed to live up to the norm that "judges should not only be impartial but
should also appear impartial."

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