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< Integrals
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iy logs) = a
si (og) =? S,
fora
[=== Noi in practice, we normally do not mention he interval over which he various
unetions ae define. However in fc problem one has to keep tin min.
12.1 Some properties of indefinite integral
In this sub section, we shall derive some properties of indefinite integrals
(0) The process of differentiation and integration ae inverses ofeach other in
sense of the following resus
4 fpeoae op
(2) +, where Cis any arbitary constant
a fred
Proof Lethe any adnan fi
Then Jordearenec
4 aoe
trevor — Afyarar= L¢reo40)
de
= dra=s0)
Similarly, we mote that
a
oye L100)
Ky +e
andtene fd
here Cis abivay constant calle cons oie
(1) Two indefinite integrals with the same desivative lead (the same family of
curves and so they are equivalent
Prva Lt and be two Funston such ht
@ a
{fpunds = Lfavree
@
« — Efpede-feurae]=0
Hence J /6)de—f (dsm Chere Cisany eal mumber (Why?)
a fron
jeavaree
Soe families of curves {f (0) d-+C,-C,< R}
and {fe0odr+C,.C€R} ae demic
Hence, inthis sense, fs) cand fg) are equivalent
[= Note] The equivalence of the fa
{Jetae+s€,€R) scusomaniy expresedby wring [/odc= fet dr,
a
1s [fsaecGeR) ana