Key to exercises.

Language : Gerund or Infinitive

A) Complete the sentences using a gerund or an infinitive.

Example: I mean _ to arrive ____ at the truth.

a) arriving b) to arrive

1. Stop __being ___ mean to your sister!

a) being b) to be

2. On my way home, I stopped __ to get __ some gas.

a) to get b) getting

3. After high school, Sally went on __ to study ___ medicine.

a) studying b) to study

4. Before you go to sleep, don't forget __ to lock ___ the door.

a) locking b) to lock

5. As soon as Ann turns 18, she means __ to move ___ to Hollywood.

a) moving b) to move

6. Jason remembered __ running ___ in to me at a party two years ago.

a) running b) to run

7. We regret __ to inform ___ you that we have suspended all business activity.
a) informing b) to inform

8. We will never forget __ being ___ called Mommy and Daddy for the first time.
a) being b) to be

9. I don't regret __ giving ___ up tennis and settling down with my wife and children.
a) giving b) to give

10. I had to go home early yesterday because my son had forgotten __ to take ___ his key.
a) taking b) to take

B) Put in the verbs in brackets in the Gerund or the infinitive.

Example: They promised ______ (sell) the old comics.

Answer: They promised to sell the old comics.

1) We decided to buy a new car.

2) They've got some work to do.

3) Peter gave up smoking.

4) He'd like to fly an aeroplane.

5) I enjoy writing picture postcards.

 6) Do you know what to do if there's a fire in the shop?

7) Avoid making silly mistakes.

8) My parents wanted me to be home at 11 o'clock.

9) I dream about building a big house.

10) I'm hoping to see Lisa.

C) Gerund or infinitive after "forget", "remember" and "stop"

1. You left the lights on all night. Don´t forget ____to switch____ (switch) them off when you go to bed.
2. I´ll never forget _____crossing_____ (cross) the Channel for the first time.
3. I´ll always remember _____flying______ (fly) for the first time.
4. Don´t forget ____to take______ (take) your raincoat. It hasn´t stopped raining all day.
5. Oh dear, I didn´t remember ___to buy_____ (buy) the tickets.
6. Don´t forget ____to buy_____ (buy) some milk when you go to the supermatket.
7. You mustn´t forget ___ to go_____ (go) to the doctor´s today.
8. I remember ______shutting______(shut) the door when I left.
9. Did you remember _____to shut_____(shut) the door when you left?

10. I can´t listen to you any more. Please stop ____talking_____ (talk).
11. After driving in his car for about half an hour Mr Duncan was lost. So he stopped ____to ask___ (ask) someone for
help.
12. As so many people die of cancer I strongly advise you to stop ____smoking_____(smoke).
13. I remember _____hearing_____(hear) a loud bang.
14. I will never forget _____taking_____(take) the final exams at school.
 Tense exercises
A) Choose the correct explanation :

1- When I got to Mary's, George had gone.

a) George left after I arrived.
b) George left before I arrived.
2- The children had got up when their father arrived.
a) The children were already up before the father arrived.
b) The children got up after the father arrived.
3- The children got up when their father arrived.
a) The children were up before their father arrived.
b) The children got up after their father arrived.
4- When they heard the news, Rob and Chris left.
a) Rob and Chris left before they heard the news.
b) Rob and Chris left after they heard the news.
5- When they heard the news, Rob and Chris had left.
a) Rob and Chris heard the news and then left.
b) The news came after Rob and Chris left.
6- Gary entered the room. They told him to wait outside.
a) He entered the room first.
b) He was told to wait outside first.
7- Gary entered the room. They had told him to wait outside
a) He entered the room first.
b) He was told to wait outside first.
8- Pat had failed his exam. He became sick.
a) Pat was sick before the exam.
b) Pat was sick after the exam.
9- Pat failed his exam. He had been sick.
a) Pat was sick before the exam.
b) Pat was sick after the exam.
10- The storm damaged the bridge but the man had crossed it.
a) The man crossed it before the storm damaged it.
b) The man crossed it after the storm damaged it.
B) Put the verbs into the correct tense (Simple Past or Past Perfect).
1-The wind blew away the leaves that we had collected.
2-She threw away the letter that she had written .
3-They showed me the pictures, they had taken during their holidays.
4-In the evening, the children told their daddy what they had seen at the zoo.
5-The boy was very sorry for what he had done .
6-My friend ate up all the biscuit we had baked .
7-The teacher corrected the tests we had written .
8-I gave them some of the candies I had bought .
9-My sister did not see the note that I had laid on the kitchen table for her.
10-We wanted to watch a film that we had not seen before.
11-When Simon went out to play, he had already done his homework.
12-Jenny came home, sat down and switched on the telly.
13-Before that day in winter, the African boy had never seen snow in his life.
14-She gave me the book that she had read .
15-We visited the museum that our friend had told us about a month before.
16-When he woke up, his mother had already prepared breakfast.
17-We went to London because the Queen had invited us for tea.
18-He heard the news, went to the telephone and called a friend.
19-When she started to learn English, she had already learned French.
20-Jane had already typed ten pages when her computer crashed.
21-By the time he arrived at the pub, they had run out of beer.
22-Before that day we had never thought of going to Japan.
23-I had known him for a long time before I met his family.
24-They did not know where to meet because nobody had told them.
25-It had been cloudy for days before it finally began to rain.
26-We gave away the flowers that we had picked .
27-Wendy sent the letter that she had written .
28-The gardener watered the trees that he had planted .
29-I got into the taxi that my friend had called for me.
30-She wanted to wear the jumper that her mum had just washed.
31-Yesterday a boy destroyed the snowman that we had built .
32-Jimmy told us about the film that he had seen .
33-We found the mobile phone that Marwin had lost .
34-He sang a song that I had never heard before.
35-Cathrine opened the window that I had just closed .
36-When I arrived at school, the lesson had already started .
37-I went to New York last month. I had never been to the USA before.
38-Bob did not let us into his room because he had not cleaned it for weeks.
39-I felt very hungry because I had not eaten anything yet.
40-As Vanessa had seen the film before, she did not want to go to the cinema with us.
41-William had lived in Boston for six years before he moved to New York.
42-The blue car crossed the street after the lights had turned red.
43-When James tried to ring us, we had already left the house.
44-After Joanna had finished her presentation, we asked our questions.
45-On her first day at the driving school, we were very nervous because we had not driven a
car before.
46-It was a cold and rainy Sunday, so I decided to finish the essay that I had started writing a
few days before.
47-I switched on the computer and opened the document.
48-Then I began looking for my notes that I had handwritten on a sheet of paper.
49-But the notes were not on my desk and I could not remember where I had put them.
50-I turned the whole house upside down.
51-And where did I find my notes?
52-I had left them in the sitting room, under a huge staple of papers and magazines.
53-Now that I had found my notes, I wanted to continue writing my essay.
54-First I did not know what to write but then I had lots of ideas.
55-I had almost completed my essay when my computer suddenly crashed and I noticed that I
had forgotten to save the document.
56-After I had rebooted my computer, I saw that at least 5 of the pages I had typed were
missing.
57-So I had to start all over again.
 C) Put the verbs into the correct tense (Simple future or future Perfect).
1. I will have met the entire committee by the time I leave England.
2. She will have been prime minister for ten years by next year.
3. You look tired. Sit down and I will make you a cup of tea.
4. Another million people will have become unemployed by this time next year.
5. Whatwill you do when you've spent all your money?
6. By the time the police get here, the burglars will have vanished.
7. When you grow older, you will change your mind about this.
8. At this time next year they will have built a new school in our district .
9. I'm sorry I made you so angry. I won’t do that again.
10. Scientists will have finished the experiment by the end of the week.

D) Put the verbs into the correct tense (Simple future , future continuous, or future
Perfect).
1. This time next week I will be relaxing at the beach
2. This time tomorrow I will be flying to France.
3. Don't phone me between 8 a.m. and 12 p.m. I will be working .
4. By the end of the week he will have spent all his money.
5. Sorry, but I can't come at 5. I will be playing football with my mates.
6. Next month we will have been married for 25 years.
7. In half an hour everybody will be watching the film.
8. I will be very sad if you do that.
9. I suppose the concert will finish about 6.
10. John is very upset today. I will try to talk to him.
11. By the time you arrive, she will have gone .
12. I think she will pass tomorrow's exam.
13. I will tell you everything when I go back.
14. Tomorrow she will be writing a very important exam.
15. I can visit you at 5. We will have finished the game by then.
 Linking words exercises

A) Choose the appropriate linking words :

1. I couldn't get to sleep _____ because of ______the noise.

2. ( although – in spite of – because of)
3. I will give you this English book ____ so that _____you can pass your exam.

( so that- in order to – therefore)

3. She accepted the job ______ despite _________the salary, which was rather low.

( despite- however- in addition to)

4. ______ although _________the traffic was bad, I arrived on time.

( since- although- in spite of)

5. Yvonne is borrowing some English books ____ in order to ______learn more of this
language.

( in order to – so that – as a consequence)

6. I couldn't sleep ________ in spite of __________ being very tired.

( in spite of – though - nonetheless)

7. The house is nice and very well situated,________ yet ____________ it is overpriced.

( yet- because- consequently)

8. I went home early ______ as ________I was feeling unwell.

( although- as- so)

9. She can’t sleep ______ due to __________the noise.

( due to – as a result- as well as)

10. He passed the exam ______ even if __________he didn't study well.

( even if - however – furthermore)

B) Fill in the blanks with the right linking words : (Beside - Even if - Furthermore –
namely- in spite of - nevertheless- owing to - since – that is to say- whereas)

1-The team haven't been playing too well. ....Nevertheless........, they are expected to win this
afternoon.

2- ..Whereas..... in nearly every country in the world they drive on the right, in England they
insist on driving on the left.

3- I'm not tired at all. ... that is to say......, I'm feeling full of energy.

4-.. Even if…..the computer had recently been repaired, it still kept crashing.

5- The man was arrested ..In spite of...... claiming to have been nowhere near the scene of the
crime.

6- I overslept this morning. ...Furthermore... , my car ran out of petrol on the way to work.

7- ...Beside..…..the wonderful main meal ,we had a delicious pudding.

8- They decided to buy a new car ...since..... they were having problems with their old one.

9- We couldn't contact you ...owing to....... poor communication.

10- The two greatest soccer teams in spain, …namely… FC Barcelona and Real Madrid, are
having

a lot of fans in Morocco.

C) Connect the sentences using the linking words :

1- Peter failed the exam.He was lazy. (because of)

… Peter failed the exam because of laziness ……..

2- Brian stood on the chair. He wanted to reach the lamp.( so as to)

………… Brian stood on the chair so as to reach the lamp ………..

3- The old man was very rich. The young girl refused to marry him.( however)

.... The old man was very rich. However, the young girl refused to marry him ........

4- Mr Smith took his umbrella . He didn’t want to get wet. ( in order not to)

…... Mr Smith took his umbrella in order not to to get wet.......

5- Uncle Ben broke the axe while chopping the wood. He hurt himself, too.(not only..but ..as
well)

……Not only did Uncle Ben break the axe while chopping the wood , but he hurt himself as
well..

6- The policeman had a warrant. The suspect refused to be arrested.( although)

…… Although the policeman had a warrant, the suspect refused to be arrested ………….

7- The train stopped. The passengers got off. ( as soon as)

……… As soon as the train stopped, the passengers got off. …………….

8- Tom took a taxi to work. He wanted to get to work on time.( so that)

…… Tom took a taxi to work so that he would get to work on time ……………….

9- Although it was rainy, we went on a picnic. ( in spite of)

… In spite of the rain , we went on a picnic ……………..

10- Despite their parents’ wealth, the children are poorly dressed.( Nonetheless)

………Their parents are wealthy . Nonetheless, the children are poorly dressed…………
 D) Rewrite the sentences as suggested

1- The smiths didn’t send their daughter to university as they couldn’t pay for her studies.

Because The Smiths couldn’t pay for their daughter’ studies , they didn’t send her to
university……………

2- Yesterday, Mary had a very busy day. Nevertheless, she went to her son’s school annual
meeting.

Despite having a very busy day , Mary went to her son’s school annual meeting………..

3- Farmers can’t pay their taxes. It hasn’t rained enough for 2 years.

It hasn’t rained enough for 2 years.As a result, farmers can’t pay their taxes ………….

4- Women in rural areas are illiterate; consequently, they don’t use contraceptives

Because Women in rural areas are illiterate , they don’t use contraceptives
……………..

5- Hard work causes a lot of stress.

…… A lot of stress is due to hard work ………………………………………………………..

6- Brahim was seriously ill, but he was always cheerful.

Although Brahim was seriously ill , he was always cheerful ……………………..

7- Siham didn’t feel well. She had eaten too much chocolate.

The cause of not feeling well is that Siham had eaten too much
chocolate……………………

8- Aziza learnt how to read and write. She also learnt how to do business.

…… Aziza learnt how to read and write as well as how to do business

………………………….

9- I have been to many countries. However, my brother has never travelled abroad.

Whereas I have been to many countries , my brother has never travelled abroad
………….

10- Ashmov wrote many detective stories. He also wrote several books on scientific
subjects.

Ashmov wrote many detective stories .Besides, He wrote several books on scientific

subjects.
 Relative clauses exercises

a) Complete using the appropriate relative pronoun or adverb :

1. This is the bank which was robbed yesterday.

2. This is the station where Emily met James.
3. July and August are the months when most people go on holiday.
4. The man who robbed the bank had two pistols.
5. He wore a mask which made him look like Mickey Mouse.
6. He came with a friend who waited outside in the car.
7. The woman who gave him the money was young.
8. The bag which contained the money was yellow.
9. The people who were in the bank were very frightened.
10. A man whose mobile was ringing did not know what to do.
11. Do you know the reason why so many people in the world learn English?
12. A woman whose daughter was crying tried to calm her.
13. The car which the bank robbers escaped in was orange.
14. The robber whose mask was obviously too big didn't drive.
15. The man who drove the car was nervous.
16. He didn't wait at the traffic lights which were red.
17. A police officer whose car was parked at the next corner stopped and arrested them.
18. This is the church where Sue and Peter got married.
19. A boy whose sister is in my class was in the bank at that time
20. Edinburgh is the town where Alexander Graham Bell was born.
21. A famine was the reason why so many Irish people emigrated to the USA in the 19th century.
22. A greengrocer's is a shop where you can buy vegetables.
23. The day when I arrived was very nice.
24. There is the bridge which we have to cross.
25. The girl who lives next door is very nice.
26. December is the day when children in Great Britain get their Christmas presents.
27. The bus which takes you to the station should be here any minute.
28. This is the dog which barks every night.
29. This is the man who built our house.
30. A castle is a place where a king or queen lives.
31. An actress is a woman who plays in films or theatre plays.
32. This is the girl whose mother is from Canada.
33. This is the time of the year when many people suffer from fever.
34. The flowers which grow in the garden are beautiful.
35. A horror film was the reason why I couldn't sleep last night.
36. The woman who is sitting at the desk is Mr Winter's secretary.
37. I cannot remember the reason why he wanted us to leave.
38. Jane, whose mother is a physician, is very good at biology.
39. She didn’t see the snake which was lying on the ground.
40. Do you know the shop where Andrew picked me up?
 b) Rewrite the sentences as suggested.Use commas when necessary.

1. I gave you a book. It had many pictures.

The book which I gave you had many pictures.
2. Samuel Johnson was the son of a bookseller. Samuel Johnson was born in 1709.
Samuel Johnson , who was born in 1709, was the son of a bookseller.
3. In 1728, he went to Oxford. He studied at Pembroke College in Oxford.
In 1728, he went to Oxford, where he studied at Pembroke College.
4. I am reading a book at the moment. It is very interesting.
The book which I am reading at the moment is very interesting.
5. Johnson had to leave Oxford without a degree. He was too poor to pay the fees.
Johnson , who was too poor to pay the fees, had to leave Oxford without a degree.

6. You live in a town. The town is very old.

The town where you live is very old.
7. The sweets are delicious. I bought them yesterday.
The sweets that I bought yesterday are delicious.
8. In 1737, Johnson moved to London. There he wrote poetry, essays and biographies.
In 1737, Johnson moved to London, where he wrote poetry, essays and biographies.

9. The football match was very exciting. My friend played in it.

The football match which my friend played in was very exciting.
10. The letter hasn't arrived yet. I posted it three days ago.
The letter which I posted three years ago hasn’t arrived yet.
11. He lives in a house. The house is not very big.
The house where he lives is not very big.
12. In 1746, Johnson started to write his dictionary. It took him nine years to complete.
In 1746, Johnson started to write his dictionary, which took him nine years to complete.
13. His home at that time was in 17 Gough Square in London. It is a museum now.
17 Gough Square in London , which is a museum now, was his home at that time.

14. They are playing a song on the radio. Do you like it?
Do you like the song which they are playing on the radio?
15. Jane wore a beautiful shirt yesterday. Did you see it?
Did you see the beautiful shirt that Jane wore yesterday?
16. In this house, his wife died in 1752. Her name was Elizabeth Porter.
In this house his wife , whose name was Elizabeth Porter, died in 1752.

17. Sue is going out with a boy. I don't like him.

I don't like the boy whom Sue is going out with.
18. In 1755, the work was published. It was called A Dictionary of the English Language.
In 1755, the work , which was called A Dictionary of the English Language, was
published.
19. Samuel Johnson died in 1784. He is buried in Westminster Abbey.
Samuel Johnson , who died in 1784, is buried in Westminster Abbey.
20. We spent our holiday in Scotland last year. Scotland is in the north of Great Britain.
Last year we spent our holidays in Scotland, which is in the north of Great Britain.
21. People live in Scotland. They are called Scots.
The people who live in Scotland are called Scots.
22. We first went to Edinburgh. Edinburgh is the capital of Scotland.
We first went to Edinburgh, which is the capital of Scotland.
23. Arthur Conan Doyle was born in Edinburgh. He wrote the Sherlock Holmes stories.
Arthur Conan Doyle , who wrote the Sherlock Holmes stories, was born in Edinburgh.
24. Then we visited a lake. It is in the Highlands.
The lake we then visited is in the Highlands.
25. Loch Ness is 37 km long. People know it for its friendly monster.
Loch Ness , which people know for its friendly monster, is 37 km long.
26. There we met an old man. He told us that he had seen Nessie.
An old man we met there told us that he had seen Nessie.
27. We then travelled to a mountain. The mountain is near the town of Fort William.
We then travelled to a mountain which is near the town of Fort William.
28. The mountain is the highest mountain in Great Britain. It is called Ben Nevis.
The mountain , which is the highest mountain in Great Britain, is called Ben Nevis.
29. I sent you a postcard. It was written on the summit of Ben Nevis.
The postcard which I sent you was written on the summit of Ben Nevis.
30. I watched a film last night. The film was interesting.
The film that I watched last night was interesting.
31. Carly helps a man. The man is my teacher.
The man whom Carly helps is my teacher.
32. We ate chicken at the restaurant. It was delicious.
The chicken that we ate at the restaurant was delicious.
33. The boy is very nice. I know him from school.
The boy whom I know from school is very nice.
34. The shoes are too big. My grandma bought them for me.
The shoes which my grandma bought for me are too big.
35. We bought a car last week. The car is blue.
The car which we bought last week is blue.
36. The girl is a singer. We met her at the party.
The girl whom we met at the party is a singer.
37. The bananas are on the table. George bought them.
The bananas that George bought are on the table.
38. We watched a film last night. It was really scary.
The film which we watched last night was really scary.
39. I have to learn new words. They are very difficult.
The new words which I have to learn are very difficult.
40. A monk is a man. The man has devoted his life to God.
A monk is a man who has devoted his life to God.
41. I have one black cat. His name is Blacky.
I have one black cat, whose name is Blacky.
42. A herbivore is an animal. The animal feeds upon vegetation.
A herbivore is an animal that feeds upon vegetation.
43. Carol plays the piano brilliantly. She is only 9 years old.
Carol , who is only 9 years old, plays the piano brilliantly.
44. Sydney is the largest Australian city. It is not the capital of Australia.
Sydney , which is not the capital of Australia, is the largest Australian city.
c) Combine the sentences using relative pronouns or adverbs. Use commas when
necessary.

1. We ordered a book. It was very expensive.

The book we ordered was very expensive.
2. You are sitting on a bench. The paint on the bench is still wet.
The paint on the bench you are sitting on is still wet.
3. The photographer could not develop the pictures. I had taken them in Australia.
The photographer could not develop the pictures I had taken in Australia.
4. One of the bins smells awful. You haven’t emptied the bin for 3 weeks.
The bin you haven't emptied for 3 weeks smells awful
5. They are singing a song. I don’t know the song.
They are singing a song I don't know.
6. The city seems to be abandoned. It is usually crowded with people.
The city, which is usually crowded with people, seems to be abandoned.
7. You made an offer. We cannot accept it.
We cannot accept the offer you made.
8. A midwife is a woman. She assists other women in childbirth.
A woman who assists other women in childbirth is a midwife.
9. Three youngsters were arrested by the police. They had committed criminal offences.
The police arrested three youngsters who had committed criminal offences.
10. The World Wide Web has become an essential part of our lives. It was invented by Tim
Berners-Lee.
Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web, which has become an essential part of
our lives.