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International Organizations - Midterm Notes

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International Organizations

What are the international organizations?

What are the functions of international organizations?

What are the purposes of international organizations ?

What is the world is bigger than five ?

What are the role of international organizations in Israel and Palestine war ?

What are the types of international organizations ?

What is the law making process of international organizations ?

International organizations are institutions formed through agreements among multiple


countries, aiming to address global challenges, promote cooperation, and facilitate
international relations. Their general definitions and purposes encompass various aspects:
 Promotion of Peace and Security: Many international organizations aim to prevent
conflicts, resolve disputes between nations, and maintain global peace and security
through diplomacy, peacekeeping missions, and conflict resolution mechanisms.
 Protection of Human Rights: International organizations work to protect and
promote human rights globally, advocating for equality, non-discrimination, and the
fundamental rights and freedoms of individuals.
 Promotion of Global Health and Well-being: Organizations like the World Health
Organization (WHO) focus on improving public health, preventing diseases,
responding to health crises, and ensuring access to healthcare for all.
 Economic Development and Poverty Alleviation: Various international bodies
strive to foster economic growth, reduce poverty, and support sustainable
development in developing countries through financial aid, loans, and development
projects.
 Facilitation of International Trade and Cooperation: Organizations such as the
World Trade Organization (WTO) aim to promote free and fair trade, eliminate trade
barriers, and resolve trade disputes among member nations to facilitate economic
cooperation.
 Environmental Protection and Sustainability: Many international organizations
focus on addressing environmental challenges, advocating for environmental
protection, setting standards for sustainability, and coordinating efforts to combat
climate change and environmental degradation.
 Humanitarian Assistance: International organizations engage in humanitarian
efforts, providing aid, relief, and support in response to natural disasters, conflicts,
and humanitarian crises globally.
These purposes collectively reflect the overarching goals of international organizations: to
promote cooperation, address global issues, protect human rights, foster development, and
create a more peaceful and prosperous world for all nations and people.
- The United Nations (UN) plays several key roles on the global stage, serving as a forum for
international cooperation and addressing various global challenges. Some of its primary roles
include:
 Maintaining International Peace and Security: The UN Security Council, a key
organ of the UN, is responsible for identifying threats to peace, taking action to
prevent conflicts, and deploying peacekeeping missions to areas affected by conflicts
or tensions.
 Promoting Human Rights: The UN upholds and promotes human rights through
various mechanisms, including the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. It
monitors human rights abuses worldwide, supports initiatives to protect vulnerable
groups, and advocates for the enforcement of human rights standards.
 Fostering Sustainable Development: Through agencies like the United Nations
Development Programme (UNDP), the UN works to eradicate poverty, promote
economic growth, improve healthcare, advance education, and address environmental
sustainability globally.
 Providing Humanitarian Aid: The UN, particularly through agencies like the UN
Refugee Agency (UNHCR) and the World Food Programme (WFP), delivers aid,
relief, and assistance to people affected by natural disasters, conflicts, and
humanitarian crises worldwide.
 Convening International Diplomacy: The UN serves as a platform for international
dialogue and diplomacy, providing a space for countries to discuss global issues,
negotiate treaties and agreements, and find consensus on matters of international
concern.
 Addressing Global Challenges: The UN tackles diverse global challenges such as
climate change, health emergencies, gender equality, terrorism, and more by
coordinating efforts among member states and specialized agencies to find solutions
and implement global policies.
 Promoting International Law and Justice: The UN advocates for the rule of law,
supports the International Court of Justice (ICJ), and works towards the establishment
and enforcement of international legal norms and standards.
Overall, the UN serves as a central institution for multilateralism, bringing together countries
from around the world to address pressing global issues, promote cooperation, and work
towards a more peaceful and sustainable world.

The phrase "the world is bigger than five" refers to a sentiment often expressed regarding the
United Nations Security Council (UNSC). The UNSC is composed of five permanent
members with veto power: the United States, Russia, China, France, and the United Kingdom
—commonly referred to as the P5.
This phrase is used to critique the concentration of power and influence in the hands of these
five permanent members within the Security Council. It suggests that the decisions and
actions of the UNSC shouldn’t be solely dictated by the interests or perspectives of these five
countries, as the world consists of a much larger and more diverse group of nations.
Critics argue that the P5's veto power can at times hinder or prevent necessary action on
crucial global issues due to disagreements or conflicting interests among these nations. The
phrase emphasizes the need for a more inclusive and representative approach within the
UNSC, allowing a broader range of countries to have a voice and influence in global
decision-making processes.
It underscores the idea that in a world with nearly 200 nations, decisions regarding
international peace and security should not be dictated solely by a handful of countries, but
should consider the perspectives, needs, and concerns of the broader global community.

The phrase "the world is bigger than five" is a sentiment expressing the idea that the
influence and decision-making power of global affairs should not be monopolized or solely
determined by the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council (UNSC),
often referred to as the P5. These five countries are the United States, Russia, China, France,
and the United Kingdom.
The phrase signifies a call for broader representation and inclusivity in global governance. It
challenges the notion that the perspectives and interests of these five countries should
exclusively dictate or have a veto over critical decisions related to international peace,
security, and major global issues within the UN.
Critics argue that the structure of the UNSC, with its five permanent members holding veto
power, can lead to gridlock and prevent necessary actions due to disagreements or self-
interests among these nations. Therefore, the phrase emphasizes the need for a more
democratic and representative approach in global decision-making.
It underscores the importance of involving a more diverse range of nations, taking into
account the perspectives and concerns of a larger number of countries when addressing
global challenges. The phrase essentially asserts that the world's complexities and diversity
cannot be encapsulated or adequately represented by the interests of just five powerful
nations, advocating for a more inclusive, fair, and balanced international system

what are type of international organizations ?


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International organizations come in various forms and serve different purposes based on their
structure, membership, and functions. Here are the main types of international organizations:
 Intergovernmental Organizations (IGOs): These organizations consist of sovereign
states as members and are formed through treaties or agreements among governments.
Examples include the United Nations (UN), World Trade Organization (WTO), and
the European Union (EU).
 Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs): NGOs are independent, non-profit
organizations that operate internationally, focusing on various issues such as human
rights, environmental conservation, healthcare, and humanitarian aid. They often
work in partnership with governments and international bodies. Examples include
Amnesty International, Greenpeace, and Doctors Without Borders.
 Regional Organizations: These are organizations formed by countries within a
specific region to address regional issues, promote cooperation, and strengthen ties
among member states. Examples include the African Union (AU), Association of
Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), and Organization of American States (OAS).
 Supranational Organizations: Supranational organizations have authority and
powers that transcend national borders, often having the ability to make decisions
binding on member states. The European Union (EU) is a prime example with its
supranational characteristics, including a common currency (Euro) and legal
framework.
 Quasi-Governmental Organizations: These entities possess elements of both
governmental and non-governmental organizations. They might have government
representation but operate with autonomy, addressing specific issues with global
implications. The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement is an
example, working in humanitarian aid under international conventions but
maintaining independence from direct government control.
 Trade and Economic Organizations: These organizations primarily focus on
international trade, economic development, and financial stability. Examples include
the International Monetary Fund (IMF), World Bank, and World Trade Organization
(WTO).
Each type of international organization serves different purposes, operates with distinct
structures, and engages in specific areas of global cooperation and governance.

which organ is responsible for law making in UN or international organizations ?

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In the United Nations (UN) and many other international organizations, the principal organ responsible for
law-making or legislative functions varies based on the organization's structure and mandate. However, in
the UN specifically, the primary organ involved in law-making is the General Assembly and, to a certain
extent, the Security Council.

 General Assembly (UNGA): The UNGA is the main deliberative, policymaking, and
representative organ of the UN. It addresses a wide range of global issues and adopts resolutions
on various matters, including those related to international law. It is not a legislative body in the
traditional sense but can adopt non-binding resolutions and declarations that can influence
international norms and practices. It may also initiate the creation of conventions and treaties.
 Security Council (UNSC): While primarily responsible for maintaining international peace and
security, the UNSC can also play a role in creating legally binding resolutions under Chapter VII
of the UN Charter. These resolutions can have the force of international law and are binding on
UN member states.
 International Court of Justice (ICJ): As the principal judicial organ of the UN, the ICJ settles
legal disputes between states and offers advisory opinions on legal questions referred to it by the
UN organs and specialized agencies. While it doesn't make laws directly, its interpretations of
international law can have significant influence on legal developments.
 Specialized Agencies and Committees: Within the UN system, specialized agencies like the
World Health Organization (WHO), UNICEF, or UNESCO may have the authority to establish
regulations or standards within their specific areas of expertise. Additionally, various committees
and working groups within the UN can draft and propose legal instruments or norms related to
specific issues.
Overall, the law-making process within the UN involves collaboration among multiple organs, where
resolutions, conventions, treaties, and agreements are proposed, negotiated, and adopted by different
bodies based on their specific mandates and functions.

insufficent role of un in ısarel palestine war

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The role of the United Nations (UN) in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict has indeed been a subject of debate
and criticism, with some expressing concerns about the perceived limitations or insufficiencies in the UN's
efforts. Here are some of the criticisms regarding the UN's role:

 Ineffectiveness in Resolving the Conflict: Despite numerous resolutions and efforts, the UN has
not been able to bring about a lasting resolution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. The lack of
substantial progress toward a two-state solution has led to criticism of the UN's ability to
effectively mediate the conflict.
 Challenges in Implementing Resolutions: While the UN has passed numerous resolutions
calling for peace, cessation of hostilities, and a two-state solution, implementation of these
resolutions has often been limited due to lack of compliance by the involved parties.
 Perceived Bias and Political Challenges: The perception of bias or favoritism toward one side
(Israel or Palestine) by some members or bodies within the UN has undermined its credibility as a
neutral mediator. This bias can affect the legitimacy of UN actions and resolutions related to the
conflict.
 Security Council Impasse: The veto power held by permanent members of the UN Security
Council has led to challenges in passing resolutions addressing the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.
Differences among these members often result in gridlock, hindering decisive actions.
 Humanitarian Concerns and Protection Issues: Critics argue that the UN has not adequately
addressed or prevented human rights violations and protection issues in the conflict, including
concerns about the treatment of Palestinian civilians and the impact of conflict on children and
refugees.
 Limited Peacekeeping and Conflict Resolution: The UN's peacekeeping missions in the region
have faced challenges in maintaining peace and stability, often due to the complex nature of the
conflict and the lack of a comprehensive peace agreement.
Addressing these criticisms requires concerted efforts by the international community, reinvigorated
diplomacy, increased cooperation among relevant parties, and renewed commitment to finding a peaceful
and equitable resolution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.

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