International Organizations - Midterm Notes
International Organizations - Midterm Notes
International Organizations - Midterm Notes
What are the role of international organizations in Israel and Palestine war ?
The phrase "the world is bigger than five" refers to a sentiment often expressed regarding the
United Nations Security Council (UNSC). The UNSC is composed of five permanent
members with veto power: the United States, Russia, China, France, and the United Kingdom
—commonly referred to as the P5.
This phrase is used to critique the concentration of power and influence in the hands of these
five permanent members within the Security Council. It suggests that the decisions and
actions of the UNSC shouldn’t be solely dictated by the interests or perspectives of these five
countries, as the world consists of a much larger and more diverse group of nations.
Critics argue that the P5's veto power can at times hinder or prevent necessary action on
crucial global issues due to disagreements or conflicting interests among these nations. The
phrase emphasizes the need for a more inclusive and representative approach within the
UNSC, allowing a broader range of countries to have a voice and influence in global
decision-making processes.
It underscores the idea that in a world with nearly 200 nations, decisions regarding
international peace and security should not be dictated solely by a handful of countries, but
should consider the perspectives, needs, and concerns of the broader global community.
The phrase "the world is bigger than five" is a sentiment expressing the idea that the
influence and decision-making power of global affairs should not be monopolized or solely
determined by the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council (UNSC),
often referred to as the P5. These five countries are the United States, Russia, China, France,
and the United Kingdom.
The phrase signifies a call for broader representation and inclusivity in global governance. It
challenges the notion that the perspectives and interests of these five countries should
exclusively dictate or have a veto over critical decisions related to international peace,
security, and major global issues within the UN.
Critics argue that the structure of the UNSC, with its five permanent members holding veto
power, can lead to gridlock and prevent necessary actions due to disagreements or self-
interests among these nations. Therefore, the phrase emphasizes the need for a more
democratic and representative approach in global decision-making.
It underscores the importance of involving a more diverse range of nations, taking into
account the perspectives and concerns of a larger number of countries when addressing
global challenges. The phrase essentially asserts that the world's complexities and diversity
cannot be encapsulated or adequately represented by the interests of just five powerful
nations, advocating for a more inclusive, fair, and balanced international system
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In the United Nations (UN) and many other international organizations, the principal organ responsible for
law-making or legislative functions varies based on the organization's structure and mandate. However, in
the UN specifically, the primary organ involved in law-making is the General Assembly and, to a certain
extent, the Security Council.
General Assembly (UNGA): The UNGA is the main deliberative, policymaking, and
representative organ of the UN. It addresses a wide range of global issues and adopts resolutions
on various matters, including those related to international law. It is not a legislative body in the
traditional sense but can adopt non-binding resolutions and declarations that can influence
international norms and practices. It may also initiate the creation of conventions and treaties.
Security Council (UNSC): While primarily responsible for maintaining international peace and
security, the UNSC can also play a role in creating legally binding resolutions under Chapter VII
of the UN Charter. These resolutions can have the force of international law and are binding on
UN member states.
International Court of Justice (ICJ): As the principal judicial organ of the UN, the ICJ settles
legal disputes between states and offers advisory opinions on legal questions referred to it by the
UN organs and specialized agencies. While it doesn't make laws directly, its interpretations of
international law can have significant influence on legal developments.
Specialized Agencies and Committees: Within the UN system, specialized agencies like the
World Health Organization (WHO), UNICEF, or UNESCO may have the authority to establish
regulations or standards within their specific areas of expertise. Additionally, various committees
and working groups within the UN can draft and propose legal instruments or norms related to
specific issues.
Overall, the law-making process within the UN involves collaboration among multiple organs, where
resolutions, conventions, treaties, and agreements are proposed, negotiated, and adopted by different
bodies based on their specific mandates and functions.
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The role of the United Nations (UN) in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict has indeed been a subject of debate
and criticism, with some expressing concerns about the perceived limitations or insufficiencies in the UN's
efforts. Here are some of the criticisms regarding the UN's role:
Ineffectiveness in Resolving the Conflict: Despite numerous resolutions and efforts, the UN has
not been able to bring about a lasting resolution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. The lack of
substantial progress toward a two-state solution has led to criticism of the UN's ability to
effectively mediate the conflict.
Challenges in Implementing Resolutions: While the UN has passed numerous resolutions
calling for peace, cessation of hostilities, and a two-state solution, implementation of these
resolutions has often been limited due to lack of compliance by the involved parties.
Perceived Bias and Political Challenges: The perception of bias or favoritism toward one side
(Israel or Palestine) by some members or bodies within the UN has undermined its credibility as a
neutral mediator. This bias can affect the legitimacy of UN actions and resolutions related to the
conflict.
Security Council Impasse: The veto power held by permanent members of the UN Security
Council has led to challenges in passing resolutions addressing the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.
Differences among these members often result in gridlock, hindering decisive actions.
Humanitarian Concerns and Protection Issues: Critics argue that the UN has not adequately
addressed or prevented human rights violations and protection issues in the conflict, including
concerns about the treatment of Palestinian civilians and the impact of conflict on children and
refugees.
Limited Peacekeeping and Conflict Resolution: The UN's peacekeeping missions in the region
have faced challenges in maintaining peace and stability, often due to the complex nature of the
conflict and the lack of a comprehensive peace agreement.
Addressing these criticisms requires concerted efforts by the international community, reinvigorated
diplomacy, increased cooperation among relevant parties, and renewed commitment to finding a peaceful
and equitable resolution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.