A Lei Da Evolução Como Um Princípio Máximo - Alfred Lotka
A Lei Da Evolução Como Um Princípio Máximo - Alfred Lotka
A Lei Da Evolução Como Um Princípio Máximo - Alfred Lotka
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SEPTEMBER , 13)4 5
VOL. 17 No. 3
proceeds from less probable to more probable states. That this ap-
pearanceof precisionis fallaciouscan be seen froma simpleexample.
In a new pack of cardsthefirstthirteen cardsare theAce to Ten, Knave,
of
Queen, King, Spades, arranged in that order. If we shuffle
the cards
thoroughly, we shall presentlyfind the suit of spades distributedap-
proximatelyevenlythroughout the pack. We can expressthisby saying
thatin the originalarrangement the spades had a densityof one, or 100
percent, in the firstquarterof the pack, and a densityzero, in the rest
of the pack, whereasat the end of the shuffling theyapproachedmuch
more nearlya uniformdensityof 13/52 or 25 percentthroughoutthe
whole pack. In an actual trial the followingdistribution was observed
after thoroughshuffling:
Spades
Number Density
(percent)
Firstquarter
of pack 3 23.1
Secondquarter 3 23.1
Thirdquarter 2 15.4
Fourthquarter 5 38.4
ie For a
particularly surveyof the planetary
illuminating relations
involved,
see W. Vernadsky,La Géochimie,
Paris (Alean), 1924.
TABLE i
Net reproduction *
rate according to age-specific and fertility
mortality
at specified
dates