Assignment: Physical Education

Alpay, Joana Grace

BSN - 2B

1. What is Futsal?

Futsal is the FIFA-recognised form of small-sided indoor football (the word is a contraction of the
Spanish 'fútbol sala'). It is played between two teams who each have five players on the pitch at any
one time, with rolling substitutes and a smaller ball than soccer which is harder and less bouncy. The
small amount of space means players must have great technique and skill, and as well as a
professional sport in its own right with national and international championships, it is also considered a
development tool for 11-a-side football.

2. What is the difference between Futsal and Football?

● Football is played in the open air. Futsal is an indoor sport.

● A team in football consists of eleven players, whilst futsal teams have five.
● Football only allows for three substitutes, but futsal provides an unlimited number.
● A football game consists of two halves, with every half lasting 45 minutes. A futsal match is
divided into two halves, every half lasting 20 minutes.
● A player who is ejected off the field cannot be replaced in football. Such players will be
replaced after two minutes.
● The football clock runs continuously, whereas futsal uses a stopwatch.

3. History of Futsal

What became futsal was developed in 1930s Uruguay by a teacher named Juan Carlos Ceriani,
originally to play on a basketball court. In writing the laws he took the five-a-side team sizes and
40-minute match duration from basketball, pitch and goal dimensions from handball, and goalkeeper
rules from water polo.

The game soon spread throughout South America, where the rules were standardized and the first
international confederation was formed in 1965. In 1989, FIFA took over as the sport's governing body,
holding the first edition of its World Cup that January in the Netherlands, Brazil beating the hosts in the
final.

The first UEFA tournament came in 1996, won by hosts Spain, and there followed a full UEFA
European Futsal Championship in 1999, with Russia victorious. Eight teams were involved in those
finals; by 2022, there will be a 16-team competition in the Netherlands with 50 of UEFA's 55 members
entering qualifying. A club UEFA Futsal Cup began in 2001/02 and is now the UEFA Futsal Champions
League, dovetailing with professional competitions in much of the continent.

In countries like Brazil, Argentina, Portugal, and Spain, it is normal for young players to grow up
playing futsal, and even those that switch to football credit their skills to the small-sided game – stars
such as Cristiano Ronaldo, Lionel Messi, Neymar and Philippe Coutinho.

4. Rules and Regulations

◆ Teams have squads of 14, of which five (including one goalkeeper) can be on the pitch at any
one time, with rolling and unlimited substitutions.
 ◆ Teams can replace a regular goalkeeper with a 'flying goalkeeper'; an outfield player in a
special shirt in goalkeeper's colours. The power play-style tactic helps coaches to change
games and especially chase goals when losing.
◆ Each half lasts 20 minutes, with a clock that stops whenever the ball is out of play; both
coaches can also call a one-minute time-out each at any point in either half. In UEFA knockout
games, other than third-place play-offs,, the matches can go to extra time, comprising two
periods of five minutes. If scores are level after 50 minutes (or 40 in the third-place play-off), a
penalty shoot-out will ensue from the six-metre mark. In a recent change to the FIFA laws, the
shoot-out will now consist of five kicks each before any sudden death, back up from three.
◆ Free-kicks and penalties generally work as in football. However, once a team have committed
five fouls in one half, for every subsequent foul their opponents get a free shot at goal from the
second penalty mark, ten metres out (often known as a double penalty). If the foul is closer to
goal, the shot can be taken from where the infringement occurred. At half-time foul counts are
wiped clean, but they are not erased prior to either extra-time period, where second-half fouls
still count.
◆ There are four match officials: the referee on the touchline opposite the benches and a
second referee on other touchline (both can enter the pitch if needed), a third official by the
table on halfway to monitor the substitutions and foul count, and liaise with the other official,
the timekeeper.
◆ Players are dismissed for two yellow cards or a direct red, and take no further part in the
action. Following a sending-off, the penalised team play one man short for two minutes,
unless they concede during that time in which case they return to full strength immediately.
The player that was sent off, however, cannot be used again.
◆ Players can go into the penalty area and goalkeepers are allowed out, but the latter cannot
touch the ball again once they have cleared it (via as many touches as they like) until it has
gone into the opposition half or been touched by an opponent. Goal clearances must be
thrown, not kicked.
◆ If the ball goes over the touchline or hits the ceiling, play is resumed with a kick-in. Goals
cannot be scored direct from a kick-in. If the ball crosses the byline, it results in either a corner
or a thrown goal clearance by the keeper.
◆ For kick-ins, free-kicks, goal clearances and corner kicks, the player in possession of the ball
has four seconds to restart play which the referee will count with their fingers in the air. If play
isn't restarted within four seconds an indirect free-kick will be awarded to the opposing team.
The goalkeeper is not allowed to control the ball for more than four seconds in their own half.

5. Measurement of the Futsal Court

Futsal courts are around a third the size of a football field and lack goalposts, as do other 5-a-side
fields. Futsal penalty zones are semicircular, unlike traditional football fields are rectangular. Futsal
courts are around a third the size of a football field and lack goalposts, as do other 5-a-side fields.
Futsal penalty zones are semicircular, unlike traditional football fields are rectangular. The standard
dimensions of a professional futsal court are 20m x 40m.

6. Equipment

● Ball
The official game ball is 6 centimeters smaller than a conventional size 5 football in order to
encourage imaginative play. It is also heavier to aid in reducing bounce and enhancing first
touch and quick footwork.
● Jersey
A futsal shirt, commonly known as a jersey, must be provided prior to playing Futsal. To play
 Futsal, you can wear any clothing. But a random shirt will make you less comfortable, and
your appearance will be non-sporty. In addition to safeguarding the body from dirt, futsal
clothing serves as a distinctive identity for the opposition team. Jersey shirts are made of
polyester, a popular athletic clothing material. This material is sturdy, resistant to damage, not
easily torn, lightweight, and simple to use.
● Pants
The futsal pants come as a set with futsal clothes. You can wear any pants you like. However,
aside from the less stylish and uncomfortable appearance, the improper pants will be
challenging to play with. Wearing regular pants restricts movement and increases sweating.
● Shoes
Futsal shoes are crucial as the player might lag in performance without proper futsal shoes.
Great quality futsal shoes are often composed of synthetic leather that is elastic enough to
conform to the curve of the foot.
● Socks
Socks must be worn to protect the calves from scratches while playing Futsal. The socks
utilized for Futsal are long; they go up to the knees to protect the calves.
● Gloves
The keeper has to wear gloves. It increases the chance of a keeper catching the ball without
being harmed by its speed. If you don't wear gloves, you risk injuring yourself by getting
bruised or sprained fingers from rapid darting balls. Furthermore, the chances of capturing the
ball are low, and the ball may escape capture if gloves are not used.
● Futsal Goals
Futsal goals are placed at the ends of each side of the pitch. The objective of futsal is very
similar to the game of soccer where players have to shoot the ball into the goal. In futsal, the
goal is a lot smaller because the pitch is smaller as well.
● Shin Guards
They are very important because they protect athletes from being kicked and injured when
playing futsal.

7. Terminologies

● Ala: Another term for a futsal winger.

● Attacking System: How a team operates on offense during the game of futsal. Each team
uses a different attacking system that suits its players best. Most teams use systems such as
4-0, 3-1, or 2-2 formations. Attacking systems involve every player on a team except for the
goalie (as futsal teams are five players).
● Direct Opponent: The opponent that is nearest to a defender.
● Fast Attack: The last part of an attack, which involves shooting at the goal.
● Fixo: Another term for a futsal defender.
● Fly Goalkeeper: When the goalkeeper abandons their post at the goal and joins in on an
attack to turn the game's tide.
● Isolation: When attacking teammates move away from the man with the ball to draw
defenders and give their teammate space.
● Pivot: The player who is positioned most forward in the futsal court. Also referred to as a
target.
● Positional Attack: A positional attack occurs when all defenders are behind the ball.
● Set Plays/Set Pieces: A crafted play based on deadball situations such as a kick-off, free kick,
corner, or kick-in.
● Sweeper: A player other than the goalie who remains on their side of the court and is primarily
responsible for reading the game and defending their goal.
● Winger: Players who operate on a forward diagonal from the ball carrier. They are generally
fast and good at dribbling
● Block: Attacking players often have to keep defenders from impeding their offense. They can
perform a block by standing in the way of defenders, allowing their teammates to operate
successfully on offense.
● Counter-Attack: To launch an offensive attack directly after a change in possession. Defending
teams that come in possession of the ball will quickly start attacking with the ball, hoping to
catch their opponents off guard. One-third of all goals in futsal are scored off of
counter-attacks.
● Opening: The first pass by an attacking team after they regain possession of the ball.
● Passing Line: The imaginary line between the ball carrier and their teammate. It is open if no
defenders obstruct this line; if they are obstructing, it is closed.
● Parallel: A progressive pass that flies slightly up in the air to avoid interception. Its goal is
usually to open up a strong shot on the goal.
● Rotations: Attacking teams attempt to throw their opponents off-balance on defense by
rotating their players during an offensive push. After moving around enough, an attacking
team may set up a positional attack and score a goal
● Screen: To block a defender from pressuring the ball carrier.
● Backdoor Cut: Defending players often attempt to anticipate what their opponents will do with
the ball. An offensive player does a backdoor cut by faking a defender out, effectively opening
up a passing lane.
● Closed Defense: A closed defense is a type of defensive formation where a team creates a
wall of players near their own goal to stop an attack.
● Defensive Height: The place where a defending team engages the attacking team; the
defensive height can occur at three-fourths of the court or in the middle of the court, wherever
the team wants to start to defend the ball.
● Defensive Line: Each defender gives off their own imaginary horizontal defensive line where
they stand on the court. Therefore, if a team stacks their defenders farther and farther down
the court, they can operate with a maximum of five defensive lines (including the goalie). The
more defensive lines a team has, the more defensive cover it has.
● Defensive with Exchanges: A kind of man-to-man defense that recognizes the need for
switching targets occasionally.
● Man-to-Man Defense: When each player on defense targets and stays on a single opponent.
● Pressure: When a defense makes a special effort to crowd a ball carrier, they put more
defensive pressure.
● Pressing: If all players on defense are putting added pressure on the ball, the defense is
pressing. Pressing often involves crowing the ball carrier, closing gaps between attackers and
defenders, and paying close attention to passing lines.
● Zonal Defense: The opposite of man defense, where defenders defend zones of the court
rather than individual players.
● Between the Lines: Whenever an attacking player performs an offensive action inside the
opposing team's defensive lines, the attacking player's move is considered between the lines.
● Ball Time: A Ball Time can only be completed by a defending player and is essentially an
interception. When a defending player nabs the ball on its way to an attacking player after a
pass, it is referred to as Ball Time.
● Delaying: If a player tries to slow the pace of the game to allow their teammates to recover or
get in the correct positions, that player is in the act of delaying
● Exit the Press: After shooting on goal or giving up the ball, the attacking team must rush back
to their side of the court to defend their opponent's counter-attack; this is called exiting the
press.
● Feint: Since futsal courts are not large, it is difficult to get open. Therefore, attacking players
without the ball will suddenly change their direction to lose their defenders and get open,
which is called feinting.
● Numerical Superiority/Inferiority/Equality: Numerical superiority occurs when a team has more
players attacking than defending; inferiority occurs when a team has fewer players acting than
their opponents; equality means that both teams have an equal number of players in action.
● Positional Superiority/Inferiority: Teams have either an advantage or disadvantage based on
their players' positions.
● Recovery: When a team attempts to rush back to defend their goal after a change in
possession.
● Russian Change: When four players sub out for four new players.
● Strong Side: The end of the court where the ball is and most of the defense is.
● Transition: Another word for change in possession.