Introduction:

This study employs Fairclough’s 3D model of discourse analysis to explore the multifaceted
dimensions of the classic fairy tale, Cinderella. Through a systematic examination of language,
power dynamics, and underlying ideologies, the researcher delves into the intricacies of
Cinderella’s narrative, uncovering its rich tapestry of themes and socio-cultural implications. The
analysis progresses through three stages: description, interpretation, and explanation, each
offering unique insights into the textual features, socio-political contexts, and ideological
underpinnings of the story. By dissecting the linguistic elements, character interactions, and
symbolic motifs within Cinderella, the researcher reveals the ways in which language constructs
and reinforces social hierarchies, gender roles, and beauty standards. Moreover, this examination
uncovers the tactful nuances and implicit messages embedded within the text, shedding light on
the intersections of power, identity, and representation. Ultimately, this study offers a deep
understanding of Cinderella’s enduring significance as a cultural artifact, highlighting its
complex interplay of language, ideology, and social reality.

Methodology:
Fairclough’s 3D model is chosen as the analytical framework to delve into the depths of
Cinderella’s story to unearth its diverse themes and implicit messages. This model comprises
three stages: description, interpretation, and explanation. Each stage allows for a deeper
understanding of the text and its underlying ideologies.

Description: In this stage, the focus is on describing the text itself, including its linguistic
features, such as vocabulary, grammar, and style. Fairclough argues that researchers in this stage
closely examine the language used in the discourse, identifying specific words, phrases, and
structures. This stage involves collecting data and providing a detailed account of the language
used.

Interpretation: Following the description stage, interpretation involves analyzing the

meaning behind the language used in the discourse. Researchers seek to understand how
language constructs and reflects power dynamics, social relations, and cultural ideologies. This
stage often involves identifying implicit meanings, hidden agendas, and underlying assumptions
within the text.

Explanation: In the final stage, researchers aim to explain the broader implications of the
language analyzed. This involves connecting the linguistic features identified in the description
stage to larger social structures, institutions, and ideologies. Researchers explore how language is
used to reinforce or challenge existing power relations and societal norms. Explanation also
involves considering the potential effects of the discourse on individuals and society as a whole.

Analysis:
The text is analyzed using fairclough 3D model of discourse analysis. The model is used to
understand and uncover the different ideologies of the text. Following is the elaborative analysis
of the “Cinderella’s script:

Fairclough 3D Model:

Description:
In the description stage we focus on the linguistics features, characters, setting and background,
plot overview,narration and dialogue, and different visual and sound elements of Cinderella play.

Linguistic analysis:
In “Cinderella”, the writer has adopted a third-person omniscient viewpoint, allowing the
narrator to delve into characters’ thoughts and feelings, enhancing the reader’s understanding of
their motivations. Moreover, he is very selective in his use of lexical items. Through careful
lexical choices, the writer invokes a sense of magic and fantasy with words like “enchanted,”
“fairy godmother,” and “ballgown,” while also establishing the social hierarchy with terms like
“stepmother,” “stepsisters,” and “servant.” Figurative language such as similes and metaphors
are used to enrich descriptions. For instance phrases like “soft as a whispering breeze,” ”Her
heart was a fluttering bird”,“The chateau fell into disrepair like a wilting flower” and “The
stepmother’s jealousy was a venomous serpent”, add depth to the storytelling.
Similarly, through the use of different sentence structures and modifiers, the writer unfolds the
story with rich detail and character development. Fore instance, in the opening lines, a
descriptive paragraph sets the scene: “Once upon a time, in a faraway land, there was a tiny
kingdom, peaceful, prosperous, and rich in romance and tradition.” This sentence employs
adjectives and adjectival phrases to paint a vivid picture of the setting, establishing the tone and
atmosphere of the story from the outset. Moreover, throughout the story, complex sentences with
multiple clauses provide detailed descriptions and convey complex ideas. For example, in
describing Cinderella’s father, the narrator describes: “Although he was a kind and devoted
father, and gave his beloved child every luxury and comfort, still, he felt she needed a mother’s
care.” Such sentence structures allow the narrator to portray nuanced emotions and relationships
within the story.

Characters in the play:

In the “Cinderella” story, there are several major and minor characters who play significant and
supporting roles in the narrative. Here’s a breakdown of the major and minor characters.

Major characters:

1. Cinderella:

Cinderella is the protagonist of the story, whose journey forms the central arc of the narrative.
She is depicted as kind-hearted, resilient, and hopeful, despite facing mistreatment and hardship
from her stepfamily. Cinderella’s character embodies qualities of kindness, grace, and inner
strength, which ultimately lead to her transformation from servant to princess.Throughout the
story, she maintains her dignity and integrity, even in the face of adversity. Cinderella’s ultimate
triumph represents the fulfillment of her dreams and the triumph of goodness over cruelty.She
serves as a symbol of hope and perseverance, inspiring audiences with her resilience and
optimism.

2. Stepmother:

The stepmother is the primary antagonist of the story, who mistreats Cinderella and favors her
own daughters. She is depicted as cold, manipulative, and jealous of Cinderella’s charm and
beauty. The stepmother’s cruelty drives much of the conflict in the story, as she subjects
Cinderella to servitude and mistreatment. Her actions stem from a desire to advance the interests
of her own daughters and secure their social standing. Her character serves as a foil to
Cinderella, highlighting the contrast between kindness and cruelty.

3. Anastasia and Drizella (Stepsisters):

Anastasia and Drizella are Cinderella’s stepsisters, who contribute to her mistreatment and vie
for the Prince’s attention. They are portrayed as vain, selfish, and oblivious to the suffering they
cause Cinderella. Anastasia and Drizella follow their mother’s lead in mistreating Cinderella and
prioritize their own desires above others. Despite their flaws, they serve as foils to Cinderella’s
kindness and integrity, highlighting the contrast between selfishness and selflessness. Their
characters represent the negative consequences of vanity and jealousy, serving as cautionary
figures in the story.

4. Prince:

The Prince is the romantic interest for Cinderella, whose pursuit of her drives the plot toward
its resolution. He embodies ideals of nobility, compassion, and love.The Prince’s character
represents the fulfillment of Cinderella’s dreams and the promise of a better future. His pursuit of
Cinderella serves as a catalyst for her transformation and ultimate happiness.The Prince’s
character symbolizes the power of love to overcome obstacles and unite individuals from
different backgrounds.

Minor Characters:
King: The ruler of the kingdom, whose approval the Prince seeks in finding a suitable bride.

Duke: The Prince’s advisor or servant, who may assist in organizing events such as the ball.

Jack: A mouse who befriends Cinderella and helps her with tasks around the house.

Gus Gus: Another mouse who assists Cinderella and becomes her friend.

Bruno: The family dog, who may offer companionship to Cinderella and provide comedic relief.

Lucifer: The family cat, who serves as a foil to the mice and may cause trouble for Cinderella.
Narrator:Though not a character in the traditional sense, the narrator provides exposition and
commentary throughout the story.

Background and setting of the story:

The story of Cinderella takes place in a fairy tale kingdom, described as a “tiny kingdom” that is
“peaceful, prosperous, and rich in romance and tradition.” Within this kingdom, there is a stately
chateau where much of the story unfolds. The chateau serves as the home of Cinderella and her
family, providing a backdrop for the characters’ interactions and conflicts.

The setting is imbued with a sense of magic and enchantment, typical of classic fairy tales. It
evokes a world of fantasy and whimsy, where anything is possible, including the transformation
of cinderella's circumstances from rags to riches.

Moreover, the background of the Cinderella story sets the stage for the protagonist’s journey and
the conflicts she faces. It begins with the introduction of Cinderella’s family dynamics, including
her widowed father’s decision to remarry a woman with two daughters. This decision sets in
motion the events of the story, as Cinderella’s stepmother and stepsisters become central figures
in her life.

The untimely death of Cinderella’s father reveals the true nature of her stepmother, who is
depicted as cold, cruel, and bitterly jealous of Cinderella’s charm and beauty. With her father
gone, Cinderella is left vulnerable to her stepfamily’s mistreatment, leading to her transformation
into a servant within her own home.

The background also highlights Cinderella’s resilience and hopefulness in the face of adversity.
Despite the hardships she endures, Cinderella remains ever gentle and kind, clinging to the belief
that her dreams of happiness will one day come true.

Plot overview:
The story begins with Cinderella living with her father and stepfamily in a peaceful kingdom.
After her father’s death, her stepmother and stepsisters mistreat her, making her work as a
servant in her own home. Despite this, Cinderella remains kind and hopeful. One day the Prince
announces a ball where he hopes to find a bride. Cinderella’s fairy godmother helps her attend
the ball in a beautiful dress, where she meets the Prince. They fall in love, but Cinderella has to
leave before midnight, leaving behind a glass slipper. The Prince searches for the owner of the
glass slipper, hoping to find Cinderella. When he finds her, they marry, and Cinderella’s kindness
is rewarded with a happy ending.

Dialogue and narration:

In “Cinderella”, the dialogue and narration conveys the story’s events, character interactions, and
background information. The dialogue consists of conversations between characters, revealing
their thoughts, feelings, and interactions. For Example:

Cinderella: “Good morning, Drizella. Sleep well?”

Drizella: “As if you care. Take that ironing and have it back in an hour. One hour, you hear?”

Cinderella: “Yes, Drizella.”

Moreover the narration provides exposition, commentary, and descriptions of characters,

settings, and events. Such as

Narrator: “Once upon a time, in a faraway land, there was a tiny kingdom, peaceful,
prosperous, and rich in romance and tradition.”

Narrator: “And yet, through it all, Cinderella remained ever gentle and kind. For with each
dawn, she found a new hope that someday her dreams of happiness would come true.”

Visual and sound elements:

In the script of Cinderella, visual elements are vividly depicted through descriptions of settings,
character appearances, and actions. The narrative paints a picture of a picturesque kingdom,
described as “peaceful, prosperous, and rich in romance and tradition,” evoking imagery of grand
castles and lush landscapes. Characters are visually portrayed through their appearances and
actions, such as Cinderella being described as “gentle and kind,” while her stepmother is
depicted as “cold, cruel, and bitterly jealous.” Additionally, scenes illustrate characters’
movements and interactions with their surroundings, like Cinderella performing household
chores or animals assisting her. These visual descriptions help the reader envision the world of
Cinderella, immersing them in its enchanting atmosphere.
Moreover, the sound elements also play a significant role in enhancing the storytelling
experience. These elements include dialogues, song lyrics, and sound effects, all of which
contribute to the auditory atmosphere of the story. Dialogues between characters provide insight
into their thoughts, emotions, and interactions. Meanwhile, song lyrics, such as “A dream is a
wish your heart makes, when you’re fast asleep…”, add a musical dimension to the narrative,
conveying characters’ dreams, hopes, and aspirations through melody and rhythm. Additionally,
sound effects described in the text, such as the ringing of bells or the meowing of a cat, help set
the scene and create ambiance, immersing the reader in the world of Cinderella.

Language used by different characters:

In “Cinderella”, the language used by different characters reflects power dynamics and social
roles, highlighting hierarchies and relationships within the story as elaborated below:

Stepmother

The stepmother typically uses authoritative and commanding language, asserting her power
over Cinderella and her stepsisters.Her speech is often condescending and manipulative,
reflecting her desire to maintain control and elevate her own status. For Example: “Take that
ironing and have it back in an hour. One hour, you hear?”

Stepsisters (Anastasia and Drizella):

Anastasia and Drizella often mimic their mother’s behavior, using demanding language to assert
their own dominance over Cinderella. They exhibit a sense of entitlement and superiority,
believing themselves to be superior to Cinderella due to their social status. Such as “You clumsy!
You did it on purpose.”

Cinderella:

Cinderella’s language contrasts with that of her stepfamily. She speaks with politeness and
humility, despite her mistreatment. Her speech reflects her kind-hearted nature and resilience in
the face of adversity. Example: “I’m sure I can. Oh, thank you, Stepmother.”

Narrator:
 The narrator’s language is descriptive and authoritative, guiding the reader through the story
and providing insights into characters’ thoughts and emotions. The narrator’s voice often sets the
tone for the story, establishing the mood and atmosphere of each scene.

Example: “Once upon a time, in a faraway land…”

Interpretation:
In the interpretation stage, the goal is to uncover the underlying meanings, power relations, and
ideologies embedded within the discourse of Cinderella.

Power dynamics:
In “Cinderella,” power dynamics are intricately woven throughout the narrative, reflecting the
hierarchical relationships among characters. Central to this dynamic is the authoritarian rule of
Cinderella’s stepmother, who exerts control over Cinderella’s life and tasks. Through her
commanding tone and strict directives, the stepmother establishes herself as the dominant figure
in the household. For instance, when Cinderella enters the stepmother’s room, she is immediately
met with orders: “Pick up the laundry and get on with your duties.” This succinct command
underscores the stepmother’s authority and Cinderella’s subordinate position, setting the tone for
their interactions.

Alongside the stepmother, Cinderella’s stepsisters, Anastasia and Drizella, play significant roles
in perpetuating power imbalances within the household. They assert their dominance through
domineering behavior and dismissive attitudes towards Cinderella. When Cinderella attempts to
engage Drizella in conversation, her response, “As if you care,” showcases the stepsisters’
disdain and sense of superiority. This interaction underscores the stepsisters’ belief in their
inherent power over Cinderella, reinforced by their mother’s authority.

In contrast to the dominant figures in the household, Cinderella embodies a role of submission
and compliance. Despite enduring mistreatment and abuse, she obediently fulfills her
stepfamily’s demands without protest. This submissive behavior is evident in her interactions
with her stepsisters, where she complies with their commands without resistance. For example,
when Drizella orders her to return the ironing within an hour, Cinderella simply responds, “Yes,
Drizella,” embodying her submissive role within the power structure of the household.

Furthermore, the physical control exerted by the stepfamily over Cinderella symbolizes their
dominance and her lack of agency. They confine her to menial tasks and restrict her freedom,
reinforcing their power over her. When Cinderella suggests trying on the glass slipper, her
stepmother’s immediate dismissal and subsequent breaking of the slipper serve as a
manifestation of their attempt to maintain control and prevent Cinderella from challenging their
authority as in scene 27 the narrator says “The glass slipper was accidentally broken because of
stepmother” . This act of destruction not only symbolizes their dominance but also underscores
Cinderella’s vulnerability within the power dynamics of her household.

Social inequality and oppression:

In “Cinderella,” social inequality and oppression are pervasive themes that underscore the
disparity in power and privilege among characters. The narrative depicts a hierarchical society
where individuals are stratified based on factors such as wealth, status, and familial lineage. This
results in the oppression of certain characters, particularly Cinderella, who experiences
systematic mistreatment and marginalization at the hands of her stepfamily.

Cinderella’s oppression is evident in her familial environment, where she is relegated to the role
of a servant and subjected to physical and emotional abuse by her stepmother and stepsisters. For
instance in scene 7 Drizella commands her “Take that ironing and have it back in an hour. One
hour, you hear?” Similarly, in scene 9 when Cinderella is talking to her stepmother, she responds
“Hold your tongue. Now, it seems we have time on our hands.” Moreover, in scene 27 when
Cinderella asks if she can try on the glass slipper, her stepmother and stepsisters dismiss her and
discredit her, calling her “ridiculous” and “out of her mind.” This shows that despite being a
member of the household, Cinderella is denied basic rights and freedoms, forced to endure
menial labor and constant humiliation. This unequal treatment is exemplified in the scenes where
Cinderella is tasked with arduous chores, such as cleaning, cooking, and mending, while her
stepsisters enjoy leisurely activities and lavish attention.
Moreover, Cinderella’s oppression is compounded by her economic dependence on her
stepfamily, who exploit her labor for their own benefit. The narrative portrays Cinderella as
economically disadvantaged, lacking financial resources or autonomy to escape her oppressive
circumstances. For example, at the beginning of the story the narrator mentions Cinderella’s
father who provided her with every luxury and comfort. However, upon his untimely death, the
family fortunes were squandered on Cinderella’s stepsisters, leaving her economically
disadvantaged. The script states: “the family fortunes were squandered upon the vain and selfish
stepsisters, while Cinderella was abused, humiliated, and finally forced to become a servant in
her own house.” Thus, economic disparity further entrenches Cinderella’s subordinate position
within the household, as she is unable to challenge the power dynamics that govern her
existence.

Social inequality is also reflected in the wider context of the story, where characters are judged
and valued based on superficial criteria such as beauty and social status. Cinderella’s stepsisters,
Anastasia and Drizella, are portrayed as vain and self-centered, prioritizing their own desires and
aspirations over the well-being of others. Their privileged position within society affords them
opportunities and advantages denied to Cinderella, reinforcing the pervasive nature of social
inequality.

Additionally, the narrative highlights the role of gender in perpetuating social oppression, as
women are expected to conform to restrictive gender norms and expectations. Cinderella’s
stepmother embodies the archetype of the oppressive matriarch, enforcing rigid gender roles and
punishing deviations from societal norms. This gendered oppression is evident in scenes where
Cinderella is subjected to gendered expectations, such as wearing dresses and performing
feminine tasks, regardless of her own preferences or desires.

Explaination:
The explanation stage focuses on the interpretation and analysis of the script,“Cinderella”, to
uncover underlying meanings, hidden ideologies, and social structures.

Traditional gender roles and social hierarchies:

In “Cinderella,” gender roles and social hierarchies are prominently depicted, reflecting the
societal norms and expectations of the time period in which the story is set. The characters
adhere to traditional gender roles, with women typically occupying domestic and subordinate
positions, while men hold positions of authority and power. This dynamic is evident in the
division of labor within Cinderella’s household, where women are responsible for domestic
chores and caregiving, while men hold positions of leadership and control.

Cinderella’s stepmother and stepsisters embody the societal expectations of women’s roles in the
household, primarily focused on domestic duties and maintaining appearances. The stepmother
assumes the role of head of the household, dictating tasks and overseeing Cinderella’s labor. It is
shown in various scenes where she gives commands to Cinderella such as “There’s the large
carpet in the main hall. Clean it! And the windows, upstairs and down. Wash them! Oh, yes. And
the tapestries and the draperies.” “Pick up the laundry and get on with your duties.” Meanwhile,
Anastasia and Drizella engage in activities such as sewing and playing music, emblematic of
their roles as young women expected to cultivate domestic skills and feminine attributes. For
instance, im scene 11 Anastasia is seen playing the flute in the stepmother’s room and both are
singing, Stepmother: “The pear-shaped toad.” Drizella: “Sing, sweet nightingale. Sing, sweet
nightingale. High above me. Oh, sing, sweet nightingale.” Similarly in scene 7 she meets
Anastasia and instructs her “Good morning, Anastasia. Well, it’s about time. Don’t forget the
mending. Don’t be all day getting it done, either.” This reflects the expectation of women to
engage in activities associated with refinement and cultural pursuits.

Conversely, male characters in the story occupy positions of authority and power, reinforcing
traditional gender roles and social hierarchies. The King and the Duke exemplify male
dominance and control, as they dictate the terms of the Prince’s marriage and organize the ball to
find him a suitable bride. Their actions reflect the expectation that men hold decision-making
power and determine the course of events, particularly in matters of courtship and marriage. For
example, when the King expresses his desire for his son to marry and settle down as he says ”My
son has been avoiding his responsibilities long enough. It’s high time he married and settled
down”, it underscores the expectation that men are expected to fulfill their familial duties and
uphold dynastic traditions.
Cinderella’s interactions with the male characters further reinforce gender roles and social
hierarchies, as she navigates her subordinate position within the patriarchal structure of society.
Despite her resilience and inner strength, Cinderella is ultimately beholden to the authority of the
men in her life, from her deceased father to her eventual husband, the Prince. This power
dynamic is evident in the resolution of the story, where Cinderella’s fate is ultimately determined
by the Prince’s search for a suitable bride and his ability to identify her as the owner of the glass
slipper.

Thus, “Cinderella” portrays traditional gender roles and social hierarchies, with women
occupying subordinate positions focused on domestic duties and men holding positions of
authority and power.

Beauty standards and gender depiction:

The beauty standards portrayed in Cinderella reveal entrenched gender roles that dictate societal
expectations and norms regarding femininity. In the story, female characters are predominantly
judged and valued based on their physical appearance, conforming to traditional gender roles that
prioritize women’s beauty and domesticity.

Cinderella’s stepmother and stepsisters embody stereotypical feminine ideals of beauty,

emphasizing the importance of attractiveness and refinement in a woman’s identity. They are
preoccupied with their appearance, constantly striving to enhance their beauty through elaborate
grooming and attire. Their obsession with physical appearance and attraction is evident in their
desire to attend the ball to attract the prince’s attention as Anastashia says “ I’m so eligible for
the Prince” and Drizella replies” yes! That’s us.” They don’t want to take Cinderella with them
because of her poor dressing as Drizella says “oh no! You are looking ugly….Anastashia and
Drizella are going to break Cinderella’s gown”. Their behavior reflects the societal expectation
for women to prioritize their physical appearance and adhere to conventional standards of
femininity in order to be deemed desirable and worthy of attention.

Conversely, Cinderella’s own beauty is portrayed as natural and effortless which causes jealousy
in her stepmother as the narrator mentions, “Cold, cruel, and bitterly jealous of Cinderella’s
charm and beauty…” Her beauty is aligned with the idealized image of feminine beauty that
emphasizes softness, purity, and grace. Despite facing mistreatment and oppression from her
stepfamily, Cinderella maintains her composure and dignity for instance during the royal when
the Prince sees Cinderella “he goes out (to dance with her) because he is attracted by her
enchanting beauty”. Moreover, even her transformation for the royal ball reinforces traditional
gender roles, as her beauty serves as a means to secure a desirable outcome (i.e., marrying the
prince) rather than being valued for its own sake. For intance, in the final scene the narrator says
“ beautiful Cinderella and the Prince are married and they lived happily ever after”.

Class hierarchies and social mobility:

Class hierarchies and social mobility ideologies are promoted in “Cinderella”, reflecting societal
structures and aspirations. The story portrays a clear divide between the aristocracy, represented
by the royal family, and the lower classes, exemplified by Cinderella and her stepfamily. This
divide is reinforced through various elements of the narrative, including the characters’ social
statuses, living conditions, and opportunities for advancement.

Cinderella’s family is depicted as belonging to the lower class, having fallen from their previous
affluent status following the death of her father. They live in a dilapidated chateau and struggle
financially, relying on Cinderella’s labor to maintain their household. In contrast, the royal
family enjoys wealth, privilege, and power, residing in a grand palace and commanding the
respect of their subjects.

Despite her disadvantaged position, Cinderella represents the possibility of social mobility within
the story. Through her kindness, resilience, and eventual marriage to the prince, Cinderella
transcends her humble origins and ascends to the upper echelons of society. Her transformation
from servant to princess symbolizes the attainment of upward mobility and the realization of the
“Cinderella story” archetype, wherein individuals from modest backgrounds achieve success and
prosperity through determination and virtue.

The royal ball serves as a pivotal moment in Cinderella’s journey toward social mobility. By
attending the ball, Cinderella gains access to the highest levels of society and catches the
attention of the prince, ultimately leading to her marriage and elevation to royalty. This event
highlights the potential for individuals to change their circumstances and rise above their social
station through fortuitous opportunities and personal merit.
However, the story also underscores the limitations of social mobility and the perpetuation of
class divisions. Cinderella’s stepfamily, motivated by envy and resentment, attempt to thwart her
aspirations and maintain their own social standing. Their actions reflect the entrenched nature of
class hierarchies and the reluctance of those in positions of privilege to relinquish their power or
status.

Meritocracy and Virtue:

Despite the emphasis on social hierarchy, Cinderella also promotes the ideology of meritocracy
and the belief that goodness and virtue will ultimately be rewarded. Cinderella’s kindness,
humility, and perseverance are portrayed as virtuous traits that lead to her eventual reward of
marrying the prince. This is evident in the scene where Cinderella forgives her stepfamily and
demonstrates compassion towards them, despite their mistreatment of her. Additionally, the fairy
godmother’s intervention to help Cinderella reflects the idea of divine or cosmic justice
rewarding those who are morally deserving.

Conclusion:
In short, the analysis of Cinderella movie through Fairclough’s 3D model has revealed the
reinforcement of traditional gender roles, social hierarchies, class mobility, virtue and
meritocracy and beauty standards within the narrative. The examination of power dynamics,
social inequality, and oppression sheds light on broader societal issues. Through this model,
we’ve gained insights into how language constructs and perpetuates cultural ideologies.
Ultimately, the analysis serves as a valuable tool for understanding the complexities of discourse
in Cinderella and its reflection of societal norms and values.
References:
Disney, W. (Producer), & Geronimi, C., Jackson, W., & Luske, H. (Directors). (1950). Cinderella
[Film]. Walt Disney Productions.

Fairclough, N. (1995). Critical discourse analysis: The critical study of language. Longman.

Fairclough, N. (2001). Language and power (2nd ed.). Pearson Education Limited.

Lazar, M. M. (2005). Feminist critical discourse analysis: Gender, power and ideology in
discourse. Palgrave Macmillan.

Wodak, R., & Meyer, M. (Eds.). (2015). Methods of critical discourse studies (3rd ed.). SAGE
Publications.