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    2204 Course Work Individual

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    NAMANYA ASA MUHOOZI
    This document provides an overview of two social behavioral change theories: the Health Belief Model and the Transtheoretical Model/Stages of Change. It defines key terms and describes the main constructs of each theory. The Health Belief Model focuses on perceptions of threat, benefits, and barriers related to health behaviors. The Transtheoretical Model proposes that behavior change involves progress through six stages: precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance, and termination. Each stage is associated with processes of change to progress to the next stage. The document concludes that behavioral theories can help design effective public health interventions but also have limitations, so a combination is often best.

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    2204 Course Work Individual

    Uploaded by

    NAMANYA ASA MUHOOZI
    5 views5 pages
    This document provides an overview of two social behavioral change theories: the Health Belief Model and the Transtheoretical Model/Stages of Change. It defines key terms and describes the main constructs of each theory. The Health Belief Model focuses on perceptions of threat, benefits, and barriers related to health behaviors. The Transtheoretical Model proposes that behavior change involves progress through six stages: precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance, and termination. Each stage is associated with processes of change to progress to the next stage. The document concludes that behavioral theories can help design effective public health interventions but also have limitations, so a combination is often best.

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    This document provides an overview of two social behavioral change theories: the Health Belief Model and the Transtheoretical Model/Stages of Change. It defines key terms and describes the main constructs of each theory. The Health Belief Model focuses on perceptions of threat, benefits, and barriers related to health behaviors. The Transtheoretical Model proposes that behavior change involves progress through six stages: precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance, and termination. Each stage is associated with processes of change to progress to the next stage. The document concludes that behavioral theories can help design effective public health interventions but also have limitations, so a combination is often best.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    5 views5 pages

    2204 Course Work Individual

    Uploaded by

    NAMANYA ASA MUHOOZI
    This document provides an overview of two social behavioral change theories: the Health Belief Model and the Transtheoretical Model/Stages of Change. It defines key terms and describes the main constructs of each theory. The Health Belief Model focuses on perceptions of threat, benefits, and barriers related to health behaviors. The Transtheoretical Model proposes that behavior change involves progress through six stages: precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance, and termination. Each stage is associated with processes of change to progress to the next stage. The document concludes that behavioral theories can help design effective public health interventions but also have limitations, so a combination is often best.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
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    KYAMBOGO UNIVERSITY

    SCHOOL OF VOCATIONAL STUDIES

    DEPARTMENT OF NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE AND DIETETICS

    COURSE: BACHELORS OF SCIENCE IN HUMAN NUTRITION AND DIETETICS

    COURSE UNIT: NUTRITION AND HEALTH EDUCATION ASSIGNMENT.

    COURSE CODE: VND 2204

    LECTURER: MR. KIKOMEKO KATO

    YEAR: TWO

    SEMESTER: TWO

    TASK: INDIVIDUAL COURSE WORK

    REG NO: 21/U/HND/16305/GV

    NAMES: NAMANYA ASA MUHOOZI


    Without regurgitating information provided in the handout;

    1- Describe the meaning of theory in behavioral and social sciences


    2- Describe two social behavioral change theories

    Introduction

    Definition of key terms key terms;

     A theory is a set of interrelated concepts, definitions, and propositions that explains or


    predicts events or situations by specifying relations among variables, Additional to the
    above presents a systematic event, behaviors and/or situations.
     Broadly two types of theory exit that is explanatory and the change theory that may have
    different emphasis but are complementary for example the health belief model was
    originally developed as explanatory model whereas the stages of change in contrast was
    constructed of transtheoretical model conceived to help guide planned change efforts.
     Social and behavioral science is the study of how human behavior impacts personal
    thoughts and decisions, interactions and actions. A developed understanding of human
    behavior can serve as a powerful tool for those who wish to influence people’s health
    choices. For example, many chronic diseases are as a result of personal behaviors, by
    addressing those behaviors, many leading risk factors can be prevented or controlled
    retrieved from onlinemasters.ohio.edu August 13,2020

    Meaning of theory in behavioral and social sciences

    Refers to the science and art of using health behavior theories reflect an amalgamation of
    approaches, methods and strategies from social and behavioral sciences. This broad range of
    perspectives from social and behavioral sciences are referred to as social and behavioral science
    theory.

    Behavioral and social science theories ad models have been used to provide a comprehensive
    understanding of all the determinants and influences relevant to a particular health issue and
    informing the development of efficacious, practitioner -delivered life style change interventions
    to address these issues at public health and societal level. Retrieved from International
    encyclopedia of social and behavioral science (second edition 2015, pages 545-551)

    Discussed below are the two social behavioral change theories;

    The Health Belief Model (HBM) is a psychological model that attempts to explain and predict
    health behaviors by focusing on the attitudes and predict health behaviors by focusing on the
    attitudes and beliefs of individuals. The HBM was developed in the 1950’s as part of an effort by
    social psychologists in the United States public health service to explain lack of public
    participation in health screening and prevention programs.

    The key variables of the health belief model are as follow (By Rosenstock, Strecker and Becker,
    1994);

     Perceived Threats: Consists of two parts: Perceived susceptibility and perceived severity
    of a health condition.
     Perceived Susceptibility: One’s subjective perception of the risk of contracting a health
    condition
     Perceived Severity: Feelings concerning the seriousness of contracting an illness or
    leaving it untreated (including evaluations of both medical and clinical consequences and
    possible social consequences.
     Perceived benefits: The believed effectiveness of strategies designed to reduce the threat
    of illness.
     Perceived barriers: The potential negative consequences that may result from taking
    particular health actions, including physical, psychological, and financial demands.
     Cues to action: Events, either bodily (e.g., physical symptoms of a health condition) or
    environmental (e.g., media publicity) that motivate people to take action. Cues to action
    is an aspect of the health belief model that has not been systematically studied.
     Other variables: Diverse demographic, sociopsychological, and structural variables that
    affect an individual’s perceptions and thus indirectly influence health-related behavior.
     Self-Efficacy: The belief in being able to successfully execute the behavior required to
    produce the desired outcomes (This concept was introduced by Bandura in 1977)
    Stages of change/Transtheoretical Model

    Psychologists developed the stage of change theory in 1982 to compare smokers in therapy and
    self-changers along a behavior change continuum. The rationale behind “staging” people, as
    such, was to tailor therapy to a person’s needs at his/her particular point in change process. As a
    result, the four original components of the stages of change. Since then, a fifth stage (preparation
    for action) has been incorporated into the theory, as well as ten processes that help predict and
    motivate individual movement across stages. In addition, the stages are no longer considered
    liner; rather, they are components of a cyclical process that varies from each individual. The
    stages and processes, as described by Prochaska, DiClemente and Norcross (1992), are listed
    below,

     Precontemplation: Individual has the problem (whether he/she reorganizes it or not) and
    has no intention of changing
    Processes: Consciousness raising (information and knowledge)
    Dramatic relief (role playing)
    Environmental reevaluation (how problem affects physical environment)
     Contemplation: Individual reorganizes the problem and is seriously thinking about
    changing
    Processes: Self-reevaluation (assessing one’s feeling regarding behavior)
     Preparation for action: Individual reorganizes the problem and intends to change behavior
    within the next month. Some behavior change efforts may be reported, such as
    inconsistent condom usage. However, the defined behavior change criterion has not been
    reached (I.e., consistent condom usage).
    Processes: Self-liberation (commitment or belief in ability to change)
     Action: Individual has enacted consistent behavior change (i.e., consistent condom usage)
    for the next six months.
    Processes: Reinforcement management (overt and convert rewards)
     Helping relationships (social support, self-help groups)
     Counterconditioning (alternatives for behavior)
     Stimulus control (avoid high-risk cues)
     Maintenance: Individual maintains new behaviors for six months or more.
    Conclusion

    In summary, the theories, approaches and models have contributed immensely in the
    development, implementation and evaluation of public health and health promotion intervention
    and their success. It is also important to appreciate that each theories complement one another
    since each has its strengths and limitations.

    References

    1- Becker, M.H.& Maiman, L.A., (1975). Sociobehavioral determinants of compliance with


    health and medical care recommendations. Medical Care, 134(1), 10-24. Figure 1, p. 12.
    2- Prochaska, J.O.& DiClemente C.C.& Norcross, J.C. (1992). In search of how people
    change-application to addictive behavior. American Pyschologist,47(9), 1102-1114
    3- Ajen, J. Fishbein, M. (1980) Understanding attitudes and predicting social behavior. New
    Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc.
    4- onlinemasters.ohio.edu August 13,2020
    5- International encyclopedia of social and behavioral science (second edition 2015, pages
    545-551)

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