Employee Safety Indiactors

TEACHING ON
EMPLOYEE
SAFETY
INDICATORS
EMPLOYEE SAFETY INDICATORS

Employee safety refers to providing a safe working environment for employees by incorporating safe
equipment and safe procedures at the workplace to ensure worker safety.
A condition of being protected from anything or situation which could likely cause danger, risk, or
injury.
Types of hazards
 Physical hazard: Exposure to noise, ionizing radiation, and temperature.
 Chemical hazard: Exposure to gases, vapours, fumes, and chemicals.
 Biological hazard: Exposure to viruses, bacteria, blood and blood products.
 Ergonomic hazard: Relate to the requirement of improper posture, monotony, repetitiveness, work
shifts, and situations causing stress.
 Psychosocial hazard
FALL PREVENTION
 There are over 265,000 nonfatal injuries from slips, trips, and falls
 Slips, trips, and falls result in 17% of all nonfatal workplace injuries per year
 More than 750 workers die each year in workplace falls
 Patients and visitors can also become statistics
Types of injuries
 Back or spine injuries
 Head injuries
 Muscle strains
 Sprains and torn ligaments
 Broken bones
 Even death
Common causes of slips, Trips and Falls

 Messy work areas
 Inadequate lighting
 Running or walking too fast
 Spills and wet floors
 Not watching where you are going
 Clutter
 Open drawers
 Flooring problems
 Failure to use handrails going up or down stairs
 Lack of caution on ladders
 Wearing inappropriate shoes
Eliminate FALLS….
 Put things away after use
 Pick up items you see on the floor
 Step over or around obstructions
 Walk slowly and change directions slowly, especially when carrying a load
 Watch for changes in floor levels
 Report lighting problems
 Don’t leave boxes, bags, stools, or other materials on the floor
 Don’t block walkways with carts, wheel chairs or other equipments
 Don’t leave cords or power cables in walkways
 Don’t place anything on stairs
 Don’t leave drawers open
 Watch out for slip hazards
 Clean up spills, drips and leaks immediately
 Put up signs or barriers to warm about
 wet floors
 Put down mats on wet floor
 Wear shoes with non-skid soles
 Walk slowly and slide your feet on wet and slippery surfaces
 Keep alert and use common sense
 Be aware of the hazards
 Pay attention to where you are going
 Don’t block your vision when carrying things
 Adjust your strides according to the walking surface
 Make wide turns at corners
 Be careful on stairs
 Use handrails
 Walk – don’t run
 Inspect for slippery surfaces or damaged steps
 Do not put objects on steps
 Be especially careful when carrying a load
Things to remember while using ladder
 Don’t stand on the top two steps of a step ladder
 Don’t place a ladder on boxes or barrels to gain height
 Don’t join two short ladder to form a longer ladder
 Place ladders on a firm level surface
 Allow only one person on the ladder at a time
 Face the ladder and hold on to rails with both hands
 Keep both hands free of tools
What to do if you are injured

 Get immediate medical attention
 Follow doctor’s order
 Report the incident to the supervisor
RADIATION SAFETY
Radiation protection is the science and practice of protecting people and the environment from the
harmful effects of ionizing radiation. The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) defines radiation
protection as: “The protection of people from harmful effects of exposure to ionizing radiation, and the
means for achieving this”
Radiation Causes Ionizations of: ATOMS which may affect MOLECULES which may affect
CELLS which may affect TISSUES which may affect ORGANS which may affect THE WHOLE BODY
Biological effects of radiation
 Somatic effects – damage to cells that are continuously reproducing - cancer
 Genetic effects - Cause DNA damage
 Teratogenic effects
 Acute radiation syndrome – developmental delay, prematurity, abortion
 Radiation induced cataract formation
 Severe skin injury
The extent of the potential damage depends on several factors, including:
 the type of radiation
 the sensitivity of the affected tissues and organs
 the manner and length of time exposed
 the radioactive isotopes involved
 characteristics of the exposed person (such as age, gender and underlying condition)
General Principles of Radiation Safety

 Increase the distance between source and personnel.
 Use of protective barriers.
 Reduction of exposure factors and unnecessary radiography.
 Use of radiation monitoring devices.
 X-ray beam filtration and shielding of tube head
 Age and sex of involved personnel.
 Increase in Distance between Source and Personnel

 Distance is an important factor in reducing exposure.
 Doubling the distance from source will reduce the radiation exposure by four.
 No individual other than operator and essentially needed person should be there.
 Use of Protective Barriers

Barrier used are;
 Aprons: Material used is lead rubber covered with cloth or plastic impregnated with metallic lead.
Should have a minimum of 0.25mm lead covering.
 Gloves and Goggles: The lead equivalent of gloves should not be less than 0.33mm.
 X ray room should be away from public places
 Equipment should be checked for possible leakage.
 The wall of room should be at least 22cm thick and should be of
 Warning signs must be placed near X ray room regarding potential hazards.
 Reduction of Exposure factors and unnecessary Radiography

 Correct exposure factors must be used in first attempt.
 Repeated exposures definitely enhance exposure level.
 Many times owners demand radiography when it is not justified, unnecessary exposure should be
avoided.
 Use of Radiation Monitoring Devices
Radiation monitoring devices like “film badges” should be worn all the time by individuals involved
in radiographic work
 X-ray beam Filtration and Shielding of tube head

Filtration: Aluminum filters of at least 2.5mm thickness should be used to absorb the soft X rays to
reduce the amount of scatter radiation. By this exposure dose can be reduced up to three to four
times.
 X-ray tube head: It should be well shielded from all sides except the exit window.
 Age and Sex of involved Personnel
 Persons under 18 years of age should not be involved in radiography because of the sensitivity of the
growing tissues.
 Pregnant females should not be involved because of extreme sensitivity of embryos at certain stages
of development.
 Limit your exposure whenever possible.
ANNUAL HEALTH CHECK UP

Many employees do not practice a healthy lifestyle! Busy schedules, personal and professional
commitments further affect their mental as well as physical health. This leads to various health issues which
need to be diagnosed at an early stage.
Benefits of employee regular check-ups include:

 Early diagnosis of potentially life-threatening disease
 Reduces the risk of complications
 Improved chances for treatment and cure
 Reduces medical costs
 Avoid costly medical services
 Increases lifespan and improve health
Health check-up benefits to organizations:

 Access to health information and improves wellbeing
 Healthy employee means increased productivity
 Drop in absenteeism as employees don’t fall sick
 Greater employee satisfaction as the company gives them access to healthy living
 Positive and improved employee morale in the workplace
Annual health check-up includes…
 Complete health history
 General physical examination
 Blood tests
 Complete Blood Count (CBC)
 Blood sugar test
 Urine test
 Kidney function test
 Lipid profile
 Tests for vitamin deficiencies
 Liver function test
 Blood pressure
 Lung function tests
 X-ray
 ECG
 Sonography
 Pap smear
Bibliography
 https://www.slideshare.net/zohaibsaleem8/radiation-protection-63264015
 https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2011-123/pdfs/2011-123.pdf?id=10.26616/NIOSHPUB2011123
 https://www.sidrahcare.com/need-and-importance-of-employee-health-checkups/

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Employee Safety Indiactors

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TEACHING ON

EMPLOYEE SAFETY INDICATORS

Common causes of slips, Trips and Falls

What to do if you are injured

General Principles of Radiation Safety

 Increase in Distance between Source and Personnel

 Use of Protective Barriers

 Reduction of Exposure factors and unnecessary Radiography

 X-ray beam Filtration and Shielding of tube head

ANNUAL HEALTH CHECK UP

Benefits of employee regular check-ups include:

Health check-up benefits to organizations:

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