CCPI 2024 Results

2024
Jan Burck
RESULTS
Thea Uhlich Monitoring Climate Mitigation Efforts
Christoph Bals
Niklas Höhne
of 63 Countries plus the EU – covering more than
Leonardo Nascimento 90% of the Global Greenhouse Gas Emissions
CCPI • Results 2024 Germanwatch, NewClimate Institute & Climate Action Network
Imprint
Germanwatch – Bonn Office Authors:
Kaiserstr. 201 Jan Burck, Thea Uhlich, Christoph Bals, Niklas Höhne,
D-53113 Bonn, Germany Leonardo Nascimento, Chetna Hareesh Kumar,
Ph.: +49 (0) 228 60492-0 Jolana Bosse, Merle Riebandt, Giovanni Pradipta
Fax: +49 (0) 228 60492-19
With support of:
Germanwatch – Berlin Office Pieter van Breevoort, Monica Tavares,
Stresemannstr. 72 Elisabeth Strietzel, Ana Tamblyn
D-10963 Berlin, Germany The authors would also like to thank Nicklas Forsell (IIASA)
Ph.: +49 (0) 30 57 71 328-0 for his great support regarding the LULUCF emissions.
Fax: +49 (0) 30 57 71 328-11
Editing:
E-mail: ccpi@germanwatch.org Adam Goulston, Tobias Rinn
www.germanwatch.org
Maps:
Made by 23°
Design:
Karin Roth – Wissen in Worten, based on a layout
by Dietmar Putscher
NewClimate Institute – Cologne Office Coverphoto: Efe Kurnaz / Unsplash
Waidmarkt 11a
D-50676 Cologne, Germany December 2023
Ph.: +49 (0) 221 99983300 You can find this publication as well
NewClimate Institute – Berlin Office as interactive maps and tables at
Schönhauser Allee 10-11 www.ccpi.org
D-10119 Berlin, Germany
Ph.: +49 (0) 030 208492742
CAN
Climate Action Network International
Kaiserstr. 201
Contents
D-53113 Bonn, Germany
Foreword 3
1. Reinforce the Rise of Renewable Energy 4
2. Overall Results CCPI 2024 6

2.1 Category Results – GHG Emissions 8
2.2 Category Results – Renewable Energy 10
2.3 Category Results – Energy Use 12
2.4 Category Results – Climate Policy 14
3. Key Country Results 16
4. Data Information & Disclaimer 29
5. About the CCPI 30
6. Endnotes 32
Annex 33
With financial support from

the Barthel Foundation
2
Foreword
Informing the process of raising climate ambition
Published annually since 2005, the Climate Change Perfor- In this context, the CCPI has gained further relevance as a
mance Index (CCPI) is an independent monitoring tool for long-standing and reliable tool to identify leaders and lag-
tracking the climate protection performance of 63 countries gards in climate protection.
and the EU. Every year, the CCPI sets off important public
and political debates within the countries assessed. The The impact of the CCPI as a climate protection monitor-
CCPI aims to enhance transparency in international climate ing and communication tool also depends on whether and
politics and enables comparison of climate protection ef- how the index is used by different actors. We are glad to
forts and progress made by individual countries. The cli- see that the CCPI is increasingly used by financial actors
mate protection performance of those countries, which to- to rate sovereign bonds. Given the key role of the financial
gether account for more than 90% of global greenhouse gas market in determining whether investments are made in
(GHG) emissions, is assessed in four categories: GHG Emis- high-emission or low-emission infrastructures and tech-
sions, Renewable Energy, Energy Use, and Climate Policy. nology developments for shifting the trillions. Therefore,
the CCPI is an important tool to promote the reallocation
The countries’ commitments under the Paris Agreement of investments by providing crucial information on climate
are still insufficient: to limit global warming to a maximum of change for Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG)
1.5°C a more ambitious climate action is urgently needed. ratings for finance actors.
Jan Burck Thea Uhlich Christoph Bals

(Germanwatch) (Germanwatch) (Germanwatch)
Niklas Höhne Leonardo Nascimento Tasneem Essop

(NewClimate Institute) (NewClimate Institute) (Climate Action Network
International)
Authors and acknowledgements

The Index is published by Germanwatch, NewClimate possible through the continued support and contributions
Institute, and the Climate Action Network. The CCPI’s of around 450 climate and energy experts. We express our
unique climate policy section, evaluating countries’ na- gratitude to these experts and greatly appreciate their time,
tional and international climate policy performance, is only efforts, and knowledge in contributing to this publication.*
* A list of contributors to the climate policy evaluation can be found in the Annex of this publication.
3
1. Reinforce the Rise of Renewable Energy

Signs are positive for renewables. In 2022, countries ambitious long-term visions are the foundation for the
installed more renewable capacity than ever before.1 continued rise of renewables.
Production and installation costs are steadily falling while
Many countries already use renewables to drive their
policy support and incentives are increasing.2 The mo-
climate change mitigation efforts.
mentum is clearly there, and now countries must build on
it to reinforce the rise of renewable energy. Some countries have ambitious 100% renewable electric-
ity targets. In August 2022, Estonia adopted the target
Ahead of COP28, many stakeholders are calling for a
for 2030 – after surpassing its previous target of 40% in
global renewable energy target. Tripling renewable ca-
2022. It now joins New Zealand, Austria, and Denmark as
pacity by 2030 could significantly contribute to meeting
countries with 100% targets in place.
the 1.5°C limit. This would represent an increase in re-
newable installed capacity to 11,000 GW.3 Such a target Other countries are sending a clear signal that renewa-
would anchor renewables as the backbone of the energy bles are vital for their decarbonisation strategies. Many
transition and support global climate action. European countries, which already planned for renewa-
bles to meet more than 60% of their electricity needs,
However, realising renewable expansion plans requires
pushed the ceiling in the past years. Portugal, Sweden,
fully rethinking current investment practices. In 2022,
Spain, Germany, Ireland, and Greece all now aim to sur-
the world spent $7 trillion on fossil fuel subsidies – a
pass 80% renewables in electricity supply or consump-
record high.4 This is partly explained by governments’
tion by 2030. Chile also improved its target from 60% in
response to the Russian invasion of Ukraine, yet it also
2035 to 80% in 2030.
shows that fossil fuel dependence runs deep. And while
renewables investments are steadily growing, invest- Although not all countries expect renewables to generate
ment in fossil fuels remains high.5 In 2022, major fossil most of their electricity by 2030, several moved forward.
companies profited more than ever. 6 A deep energy For example, Pakistan’s latest NDC adopts a more ambi-
transformation will remain a challenge as long as the tious 60% target in the electricity mix by 2030, up from
fossil business model works. It’s time to stop carrying the previous 30%. Vietnam adopts a 31–39% target share
dead fossil fuel weight. of renewables in the power mix by 2030 as part of its
latest Power Development Plan. Japan’s 6 th Strategic
Future looking strategies should ditch Energy Plan sets a 36–38% renewables target. China has
multiple renewable energy targets; for example, its 14th
fossil fuels Five Year Plan sets a 33% target share of renewables in
The recent global dash for fossil fuels intensifies the need electricity consumption by 2025, of which 18% is from
for governments to set strong renewable energy expan- non-hydro sources. It also has a 39% non-fossil target
sion targets and send signals to markets that fossil fuels share in electricity generation by 2025. China’s Energy
should not be part of any sustainable long-term strategy. Supply and Consumption Revolution Strategy 2016–2030
Strong and stable policy commitments combined with extends this target to 50% by 2030.
Photo: Shutterstock
Renewables are growing: In many countries, renewable capacity increased significantly in 2022.
4
Ambitious renewable targets pay off in ficient for curbing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. New
the CCPI Zealand (34th) and Austria (32nd) also target 100% renew-
able electricity by 2030, but they are located around the
Ambitious renewable electricity targets often pay off in middle of this year’s CCPI ranking. Although New Zealand
the CCPI ranking. Norway leads the Renewable Energy is one of the top 10 countries in the CCPI Renewable
category with almost 100% of its electricity coming from Energy category, it is not reducing its very high per capita
a combination of hydropower and, more recently, wind emissions fast enough (currently 11 t/capita) and is not
energy. The country ranks 12th in the overall ranking. making significant progress in its energy use since 1990.
Denmark (4th) and Estonia (5th) are countries with ambi- We see a similar picture for Austria in the Energy Use
tious targets and high CCPI rankings. Both already have category. The country has increased its energy supply
a high share of renewables in their electricity mix (84%
since 1990 and only decreased its per capita emissions
and 44%, respectively, in 2022) and are targeting 100%
by 15%. This shows that focusing only on renewables for
renewable electricity by 2030.
electricity is not enough. All sectors (especially agricul-
Ambitious renewable electricity targets and policies im- ture in New Zealand and the traffic and industrial sector
prove countries’ climate action but they alone are insuf- in Austria) need to be decarbonised.
Renewable electricity targets shift in the right direction

Renewable electricity targets for 2030 (%)
New Zealand *
Estonia
Portugal
Spain
Chile
Germany
Greece
Ireland
Pakistan
Japan **
Vietnam **
0 20 40 60 80 100
Previous target Difference between previous target – new target New target
* New Zealand's previous target is for 2025, ** These countries submitted target ranges
Source: NewClimate Institute © Germanwatch 2023
5
2. Overall Results CCPI 2024
Rating
© Germanwatch 2023
Very High
High
Medium
Low
Very Low
Not included
Top 3 remain empty as countries must

speed up implementation
Key results:
© Germanwatch 2023
The world map shows the aggregated results and overall

performance for countries evaluated in the CCPI. The table
shows the overall ranking and indicates performance in the
four index categories.
â No country was strong enough in all categories to

achieve an overall very high rating. Therefore, the top
three places continue to remain vacant. EU performance:
â Denmark remains the top-ranked country but does not â Overall, the EU rises three spots, to 16th, and now has a
perform well enough to earn an overall very high rating. high overall ranking.
â Fourteen EU countries are among the high and medium

G20 performance: performers, with Denmark (4th) and Estonia (5th) leading
â With India (7th), Germany (14th), and the EU (16th), only the overall ranking.
three G20 countries/regions are among the high per-
formers in CCPI 2024. Fifteen G20 countries receive an â The Netherlands improves its performance in three of
overall low or very low. The G20 is particularly respon- the four CCPI categories, up five spots to 8th and at
sible for climate mitigation, as its members account for a high level. Italy, however, plunges 15 spots to 44th,
more than 75% of the world’s greenhouse gas emis- mainly due to its poorer showing in the Climate Policy
sions. category vs. the previous year.
â Canada, Russia, the Republic of Korea, and Saudi Arabia â Poland (55th) is the remaining EU country receiving a
are still the G20’s worst-performing countries. very low rating. If the new Polish government will in-
crease its ambition regarding renewables, the country
should have a better showing next year.
The following sections look into the results for the

categories: GHG Emissions (2.1), Renewable Energy (2.2),
Energy Use (2.3), and Climate Policy (2.4).
6
Climate Change Performance Index 2024 – Rating table

Rank Rank Country Score** Categories
change
1.* – – –
2. – – –
3. – – –
4. 0 – Denmark 75.59
5. 4▲ Estonia 72.07
6. 6▲ Philippines 70.70
7. 1▲ India 70.25
8. 5▲ Netherlands 69.98
9. -2 ▼ Morocco 69.82
10. -5 ▼ Sweden 69.39
11. -5 ▼ Chile 68.74
12. -2 ▼ Norway 67.48
13. 1▲ Portugal 67.39
14. 2▲ Germany 65.77
15. 2▲ Luxembourg 65.09
16. 3▲ European Union (27) 64.71
17. new Nigeria 63.88
18. 5▲ Spain 63.37
19. 2▲ Lithuania 62.99
20. -9 ▼ United Kingdom 62.36
21. 1▲ Switzerland 61.94
22. -2 ▼ Egypt 61.80
23. 15 ▲ Brazil 61.74
24. 19 ▲ Romania 61.50
25. 17 ▲ Thailand 61.38
26. -11 ▼ Finland 61.11
27. 13 ▲ Vietnam 60.94
28. -4 ▼ Greece 60.34
29. -11 ▼ Malta 59.80
30. new Pakistan 59.35
31. -4 ▼ Colombia 58.68
32. 0 – Austria 58.17
33. -8 ▼ Latvia 57.68
34. -1 ▼ New Zealand 57.66
35. -5 ▼ Croatia 57.32
36. -10 ▼ Indonesia 57.20
37. -9 ▼ France 57.12
38. -7 ▼ Mexico 55.81 Rating
39. 0 – Belgium 55.00
40. -6 ▼ Slovak Republic 54.47 Very High
41. 0 – Slovenia 53.57 High
42. -7 ▼ Cyprus 53.09
43. -6 ▼ Ireland 51.42 Medium
44. -15 ▼ Italy 50.60 Low
45. -1 ▼ South Africa 49.53
46. -10 ▼ Bulgaria 46.94 Very Low
47. -1 ▼ Belarus 46.80
48. new Uzbekistan 46.68
49. 4▲ Hungary 45.93
50. 5▲ Australia 45.72 Index Categories
51. 0– China 45.56 GHG Emissions
52. -7 ▼ Czech Republic 45.41 (40% weighting)
53. -4 ▼ Argentina 45.39 Renewable Energy
54. -6 ▼ Algeria 44.54 (20% weighting)
55. -1 ▼ Poland 44.40 Energy Use
56. -9 ▼ Turkey 43.82 (20% weighting)
57. -5 ▼ United States 42.79 Climate Policy
58. -8 ▼ Japan 42.08 (20% weighting)
59. -3 ▼ Malaysia 38.57
60. 1▲ Kazakhstan 38.52
61. -4 ▼ Chinese Taipei 36.94
The labelled countries
62. -4 ▼ Canada 31.55 are the biggest pro-
63. -4 ▼ Russian Federation 31.00 ducers of oil, gas, and
64. -4 ▼ Republic of Korea 29.98 coal worldwide.
65. new United Arab Emirates 24.55
66. -3 ▼ Islamic Republic of Iran 23.53
67. -5 ▼ Saudi Arabia 19.33
* None of the countries achieved positions one to three. No country is doing enough to prevent dangerous climate change. © Germanwatch 2023
** rounded
7
2.1 Category Results – GHG* Emissions
Rating
Very High
© Germanwatch 2023
High
Medium
Low
Very Low
Not included
CCPI countries must have an emissions

peak by 2025
Key developments:
© Germanwatch 2023
The current IPCC synthesis report is clear: global emis-

sions must peak by 2025 to keep the 1.5°C goal in reach.
Moreover, emissions must be halved by 2030 (vs. 2020)
levels.7 Despite the urgent need to decarbonise all sectors,
global greenhouse gases increased in 2022 and atmos-
pheric CO2 is now 50% higher than pre-industrial levels.8
Collectively, the countries the CCPI covered are responsi- G20 performance:
ble for more than 90% of all GHG emissions.
â Only two G20 countries, India and the United Kingdom,
Key results: receive an overall high rating in this category.
The table on the right details the performance of all coun- â Seven G20 countries are among the very low perform-
tries surveyed in the CCPI in the four indicators comprising ers, including the United States, Canada, the Republic
the GHG Emissions category. of Korea, and China. Most G20 countries receive a low
or very low rating.
â Philippines, Sweden, and Chile are at the top, receiving
a high rating in this category. â Saudi Arabia remains the worst-performing G20 coun-
try.
â United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, and Iran are the
worst-performing countries. EU performance:
â As in previous years, the EU rates medium for its overall
performance, but it drops three ranks to 29.
â Sweden is the best-performing EU country, at 5th,

though Luxembourg, Romania, Denmark, and Portugal
rate high.
â For the first time, no EU country receives a very low

rating in this category – the Czech Republic and Ireland
* Greenhouse Gas Emissions are the worst performers.
8
Greenhouse Gas Emissions – Rating table

Rank Country Score* Overall GHG per Capita GHG per Capita GHG per Capita GHG 2030 Target
Rating – current level – current trend – compared to a – compared to a
(including (excluding well-below-2°C well-below-2°C
LULUCF)** LULUCF)** benchmark benchmark
1. – – Very High – – – –
2. – – Very High – – – –
3. – – Very High – – – –
4. Philippines 33.75 High Very high Medium Very high Very high
5. Sweden 32.93 High Very high High High High
6. Chile 32.31 High High Medium Very high Very high
7. Luxembourg 32.23 High Very Low Very High Very high High
8. Nigeria 31.51 High High Medium Very high Very high
9. India 31.22 High Very high Low Very high Very high
10. Morocco 31.18 High High Low Very high Very high
11. United Kingdom 30.95 High Medium High High High
12. Egypt 30.52 High High Medium Very high High
13. Thailand 30.42 High High Medium High High
14. Romania 29.94 High High Medium High High
15. Denmark 29.80 High Low High Medium High
16. Portugal 29.78 High High Very High Medium Medium
17. Norway 29.45 High Medium High Medium High
18. Pakistan 29.20 High Very high Very Low Very high High
19. Germany 28.47 Medium Low High Medium High
20. Malta 28.39 Medium High Medium Medium High
21. Mexico 27.83 Medium High Low High High
22. Spain 27.78 Medium Medium High Low Medium
23. Switzerland 27.77 Medium High High Medium Medium
24. Estonia 27.35 Medium Very Low Very high Medium Medium
25. Slovak Republic 27.33 Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium
26. Netherlands 27.24 Medium Low Very High Low Medium
27. Lithuania 27.23 Medium High Medium High Medium
28. France 27.02 Medium Medium High Medium Medium
29. European Union (27) 26.31 Medium Medium High Medium Medium
30. Greece 25.73 Medium Medium High Low Low
31. Finland 25.38 Medium Low Very High Low Low
32. Belgium 25.29 Medium Low High Low Medium
33. Belarus 24.92 Medium Medium Low High Medium
34. Austria 24.43 Medium Medium High Low Low
35. Hungary 24.30 Medium Medium Medium Medium Low
36. Slovenia 23.37 Low Medium High Low Very Low
37. Italy 23.20 Low Medium Medium Low Low
38. Australia 23.20 Low Very Low High Medium High
39. Colombia 23.17 Low Medium Low Medium Medium
40. Cyprus 22.90 Low Medium Medium Low Medium
41. Vietnam 22.80 Low High Very Low High Medium
42. Algeria 22.54 Low Medium Medium Low Low
43. Turkey 22.34 Low Medium Low Medium Low
44. New Zealand 21.99 Low Very Low High Very Low Medium
45. Croatia 21.67 Low High Low Low Low
46. Japan 21.42 Low Low Medium Very Low Low
47. Uzbekistan 21.36 Low Medium Medium Medium Very Low
48. Bulgaria 20.83 Low Low Low Low Medium
49. South Africa 20.77 Low Low Medium Very Low Very Low
50. Latvia 20.52 Low Medium Medium Very Low Low
51. Poland 20.51 Low Low Medium Very Low Low
52. Brazil 20.39 Low Low Low Low Low
53. Czech Republic 20.37 Low Very Low High Low Low
54. Ireland 20.17 Low Very Low Medium Very Low Medium
55. Indonesia 19.72 Low Medium Very Low Medium Medium
56. Russian Federation 18.85 Very Low Very Low Medium Medium Very Low
57. Argentina 18.77 Very Low Low Medium Very Low Very Low
58. United States 16.88 Very Low Very Low Medium Very Low Medium
59. Kazakhstan 14.66 Very Low Very Low High Very Low Very Low
60. Canada 14.59 Very Low Very Low High Very Low Low
61. Republic of Korea 13.96 Very Low Very Low Medium Very Low Very Low
62. China 13.45 Very Low Low Very Low Very Low Very Low
63. Malaysia 13.38 Very Low Very Low Low Very Low Very Low
64. Chinese Taipei 12.65 Very Low Very Low Medium Very Low Very Low
65. Islamic Republic of Iran 7.16 Very Low Very Low Very Low Very Low Very Low
66. Saudi Arabia 4.85 Very Low Very Low Medium Very Low Very Low
67. United Arab Emirates 2.43 Very Low Very Low Very Low Very Low Very Low
* weighted and rounded ** Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry © Germanwatch 2023
9
2.2 Category Results – Renewable Energy
Rating
© Germanwatch 2023
Very High
High
Medium
Low
Very Low
Not included
Renewables accelerate at a high pace

Key developments:
More policy support, concerns over energy security, and
© Germanwatch 2023
economic advantages drove the acceleration of renewable

energy over the past year. In 2022, the renewable capac-
ity grew significantly.9 Signals that renewable energy will
replace the fossil fuel system have become clearer:
 In 2022, 295 GW of capacity was installed globally,

which is the largest increase in renewable capacity
thus far.10 G20 performance:
 Solar PV is projected to become the most installed â Twelve G20 countries rank low or very low, with the
power capacity in 2027.11 United States, Mexico, and Russia among them.
A rapid and complete phase-out of fossil fuels, including â Indonesia and Brazil are the only G20 members receiv-
ending fossil fuel subsidies and no new fossil fuel extrac- ing a high.
tion licenses, is crucial.
EU performance:
Key results:
â The EU’s performance shows no improvement since last
The table details the performance of all countries covered
year’s CCPI, as it rates medium again.
in the CCPI in the four indicators comprising the Renewable
Energy category. â Seven EU countries receive a high, including Sweden,
Denmark, Finland, and Estonia.
The energy sector greatly contributes to a country’s GHG
emissions. Therefore, the results of the Renewable Energy â Again, no EU country shows a very low performance.
rating indicate substantial room for improvement in mitigat- France, the Slovak Republic, United Kingdom, and the
ing emissions by deploying renewable energy more quickly. Czech Republic are the worst-performing EU countries.
â For the third year in a row, Norway receives a very high

in this category.
â Algeria, Iran, and Uzbekistan are at the bottom of the

ranking.
10
Renewable Energy – Rating table

Rank Country Score** Overall Share of RE in RE current trend Share of RE in RE 2030 Target
Rating Energy Use (excl. hydro) Energy Use (TPES) (incl. hydro) –
(TPES)*** – (incl. hydro) – compared to a
current level compared to a well-below-2°C
(incl. hydro) well-below-2°C benchmark
benchmark
1.* – – Very High – – – –
2. – – Very High – – – –
3. Norway 19.12 Very High Very high Very high Very High Very High
4. Sweden 15.23 High Very high Medium High High
5. Denmark 15.01 High Very high High High High
6. Finland 13.39 High Very high Medium High High
7. Estonia 12.67 High Medium High Medium Very High
8. Latvia 12.63 High High Medium High High
9. New Zealand 12.52 High Very high Low Medium High
10. Croatia 11.63 High Medium Very high Low Low
11. Indonesia 10.83 High Medium Very high Medium Low
12. Netherlands 10.59 High Low Very high Low Low
13. Brazil 10.27 High Very high Low Low Low
14. Lithuania 9.95 Medium Medium High Medium Medium
15. Luxembourg 9.50 Medium Low Very high Low Low
16. China 9.06 Medium Low Very high Very Low Low
17. Chile 9.04 Medium High Medium Medium Low
18. Bulgaria 8.96 Medium Low Very high Low Low
19. Austria 8.92 Medium High Very Low Low Medium
20. Portugal 8.78 Medium High Medium Low Low
21. Vietnam 8.64 Medium Medium Very high Low Very Low
22. Turkey 8.40 Medium Low Very high Low Very Low
23. Greece 7.92 Medium Low High Low Low
24. Cyprus 7.64 Medium Low High Low Low
25. Switzerland 7.63 Medium Medium Medium Low Very Low
26. European Union (27) 7.46 Medium Low Medium Low Low
27. Italy 7.38 Medium Low Low Low Medium
28. Germany 7.38 Medium Low Medium Low Medium
29. Slovenia 7.21 Medium Low High Very Low Low
30. Philippines 7.12 Medium High Very Low Very Low Low
31. Ireland 7.06 Medium Low High Low Low
32. Spain 6.97 Medium Medium Medium Low Low
33. Malta 6.93 Medium Low High Very Low Low
34. Morocco 6.67 Medium Very Low Very high Very Low Very Low
35. Malaysia 6.59 Medium Very Low Very high Very Low Very Low
36. Belgium 6.26 Medium Low High Very Low Low
37. India 6.23 Medium Medium High Low Very Low
38. Hungary 6.17 Low Low High Very Low Low
39. Poland 5.79 Low Low High Very Low Low
40. Australia 5.57 Low Low High Very Low Very Low
41. Colombia 5.43 Low Medium Low Very Low Very Low
42. Kazakhstan 5.36 Low Very Low Very high Very Low Very Low
43. Czech Republic 5.33 Low Low Medium Very Low Low
44. United Kingdom 5.20 Low Low High Low Very Low
45. Romania 5.01 Low Low Very Low Very Low Low
46. Japan 5.00 Low Low High Very Low Very Low
47. Slovak Republic 4.99 Low Low Very Low Very Low Low
48. France 4.55 Low Low Medium Very Low Very Low
49. Thailand 4.52 Low Medium Very Low Very Low Very Low
50. Argentina 4.13 Low Low High Very Low Very Low
51. Chinese Taipei 3.76 Low Very Low High Very Low Very Low
52. Republic of Korea 3.46 Low Very Low High Very Low Very Low
53. Canada 3.40 Very Low Medium Very Low Very Low Very Low
54. Egypt 3.38 Very Low Low High Very Low Very Low
55. Nigeria 3.24 Very Low Low Low Very Low Very Low
56. Belarus 3.24 Very Low Low High Very Low Very Low
57. United Arab Emirates 3.15 Very Low Very Low High Very Low Very Low
58. Saudi Arabia 3.09 Very Low Very Low High Very Low Very Low
59. South Africa 3.06 Very Low Very Low Medium Very Low Very Low
60. United States 3.03 Very Low Low Medium Very Low Very Low
61. Pakistan 2.86 Very Low Low Low Very Low Very Low
62. Mexico 2.38 Very Low Low Medium Very Low Very Low
63. Russian Federation 2.26 Very Low Very Low High Very Low Very Low
64. Algeria 2.01 Very Low Very Low High Very Low Very Low
65. Islamic Republic of Iran 1.94 Very Low Very Low High Very Low Very Low
66. Uzbekistan 0.28 Very Low Very Low Very Low Very Low Very Low
* Only one country achieves a very high rating in this category. The first and second position in the ranking therefore remain empty. © Germanwatch 2023
** weighted and rounded *** Total Primary Energy Supply
11
2.3 Category Results – Energy Use*
Rating
© Germanwatch 2023
Very High
High
Medium
Low
Very Low
Not included
Energy demand grows

Key developments:
Energy demand continues growing, but not as fast as in the
© Germanwatch 2023
previous year.12 In addition to expanding renewable energy,

reducing and more efficiently using energy are crucial.
Key results:
The table details the performance of all countries included
in the CCPI in the four indicators comprising the Energy
Use category.
EU performance:
â No country receives a very high; with the Philippines, â As in previous years, the EU earns a medium.
Colombia, and Nigeria, three countries from the Global
South, leading. â Greece, Malta, and Portugal are the only EU countries
performing high, while Austria, the Czech Republic,
â Finland, the United Arab Emirates, and Canada bring up Belgium, Sweden, and Finland get a very low rating.
the rear.
G20 performance:
â Seven G20 countries perform very low.
â The United Kingdom, Mexico, India, and South Africa

perform high. All other G20 members rank medium, low
or very low.
* Increases in energy efficiency are, strictly speaking, complex to measure and would require a sector-by-sector approach. As no comparable data sources across all
countries are available, the CCPI evaluates a country’s per-capita energy use to measure improvements in this category.
12
Energy Use – Rating table

Rank Country Score* Overall Energy Use Energy Use Energy Use Energy Use
Rating (TPES)** (TPES) per Capita (TPES) per Capita 2030 Target
per Capita – – current trend – compared to a – compared to a
current level well-below-2°C well-below-2°C
benchmark benchmark
1. – – Very High – – – –
2. – – Very High – – – –
3. – – Very High – – – –
4. Philippines 17.88 High Very high Medium Very High Very High
5. Colombia 17.71 High Very high Medium High High
6. Nigeria 17.70 High Very high Medium High Very High
7. Egypt 17.18 High Very high Medium High High
8. United Kingdom 16.63 High Medium High High Medium
9. Mexico 16.55 High Very high High High Medium
10. India 16.42 High Very high Low High High
11. Greece 16.24 High High High Medium Medium
12. Pakistan 16.17 High Very high Very Low Very High Very High
13. Morocco 16.06 High Very high Very Low High Very High
14. South Africa 15.96 High High High Medium Medium
15. Thailand 15.67 High High High Low Medium
16. Malta 15.64 High Very high Medium High Medium
17. Portugal 15.59 High High High Low Medium
18. Argentina 15.33 Medium High High Low Low
19. Estonia 15.31 Medium Low Very High Very High Very Low
20. Cyprus 15.30 Medium High Medium Medium Medium
21. Switzerland 15.03 Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium
22. Brazil 14.77 Medium Very high Medium Medium Medium
23. Romania 14.77 Medium High Low High High
24. Indonesia 14.76 Medium Very high Very Low High Medium
25. Spain 14.68 Medium Medium High Low Low
26. Germany 14.54 Medium Low High Low Medium
27. Ireland 14.11 Medium Medium High Low Medium
28. Lithuania 14.08 Medium Medium Very Low High High
29. Algeria 13.80 Medium Very high Low Low Low
30. Belarus 13.78 Medium Medium Low Medium High
31. European Union (27) 13.72 Medium Low Medium Low Medium
32. Uzbekistan 13.55 Medium Very high Very Low Very High Medium
33. Denmark 13.53 Medium Medium Medium Low Low
34. Italy 13.52 Medium Medium Medium Low Medium
35. Netherlands 13.48 Low Low High Very Low Medium
36. Chile 13.41 Low High Medium Very Low Low
37. Japan 13.15 Low Low High Low Low
38. Latvia 13.15 Low Medium Low Medium Medium
39. Hungary 12.90 Low Medium Low Low Medium
40. France 12.84 Low Low High Very Low Very Low
41. Croatia 12.64 Low High Low Low Low
42. Slovenia 12.35 Low Low High Very Low Very Low
43. Vietnam 12.10 Low Very high Very Low Medium Low
44. Bulgaria 12.04 Low Medium Low Low Low
45. Slovak Republic 12.04 Low Low Low Low Low
46. Turkey 12.01 Low High Very Low Low Low
47. Luxembourg 11.84 Low Very Low High Low Low
48. Poland 11.78 Low Medium Low Very Low Low
49. New Zealand 11.34 Very Low Very Low Medium Very Low Very Low
50. Malaysia 10.99 Very Low Medium Low Very Low Very Low
51. Austria 10.95 Very Low Low Medium Very Low Very Low
52. Czech Republic 10.77 Very Low Very Low Medium Very Low Very Low
53. Belgium 10.55 Very Low Very Low Medium Very Low Very Low
54. Sweden 10.42 Very Low Very Low High Very Low Very Low
55. Kazakhstan 9.69 Very Low Low Medium Low Very Low
56. Norway 8.96 Very Low Very Low Medium Very Low Very Low
57. Chinese Taipei 8.52 Very Low Very Low Medium Very Low Very Low
58. Russian Federation 8.43 Very Low Very Low Very Low Very Low High
59. Australia 8.04 Very Low Very Low Medium Very Low Very Low
60. Islamic Republic of Iran 7.31 Very Low Low Very Low Very Low Very Low
61. China 7.14 Very Low Medium Very Low Very Low Very Low
62. United States 6.69 Very Low Very Low Medium Very Low Very Low
63. Saudi Arabia 6.30 Very Low Very Low High Very Low Very Low
64. Republic of Korea 5.61 Very Low Very Low Medium Very Low Very Low
65. Finland 4.49 Very Low Very Low Medium Very Low Very Low
66. United Arab Emirates 4.18 Very Low Very Low Medium Very Low Very Low
67. Canada 4.04 Very Low Very Low Medium Very Low Very Low
* weighted and rounded ** Total Primary Energy Supply © Germanwatch 2023
13
2.4 Category Results – Climate Policy
Rating
© Germanwatch 2023
Very High
High
Medium
Low
Very Low
Not included
1.5°C target is still alive, but just barely

Key developments:
Current climate targets and their implementation are insuf-
© Germanwatch 2023
ficient to keep global warming within 1.5°C. Eight years

after the Paris Agreement, countries worldwide are not on
track to meet their commitments.
Decisive action is needed right now to close both the ambi-

tion and implementation gaps.
G20 performance:
The Climate Policy indicators in CCPI 2024 not only assess â Seven G20 members receive a medium in this category.
national emissions policies and targets, but also sectoral
policies and targets and their specific implementation. â Thirteen of the G20 countries rate low or very low, with
Japan, Russia, and Turkey as the worst performers.
Key results:
The table on the right details the performance of all coun-
EU performance:
tries included in the CCPI in the two indicators comprising â The Netherlands, an EU country, leads the Climate
the Climate Policy category. Policy ranking, owing to its national and international
climate performance.
â No country receives a high for overall performance. The
Netherlands, Finland, and Vietnam lead the medium â Sixteen EU countries receive a low or very low – ten
performers. more than in the previous year.
â Hungary is the only remaining EU country with a very

â Five countries/regions receive a high rating for the in- low performance.
ternational climate policy indicator, including Denmark,
Brazil, Germany, and the EU.
14
Climate Policy – Rating table

Rank Country Score* Overall National International
Rating Climate Policy Performance Climate Policy Performance
1. – – Very High – –
4. Netherlands 18.67 Medium Medium High
5. Finland 17.86 Medium Medium Medium
6. Vietnam 17.40 Medium Medium Medium
7. Denmark 17.24 Medium Medium High
8. European Union (27) 17.22 Medium Medium High
9. Estonia 16.74 Medium Medium Medium
10. India 16.38 Medium Medium Medium
11. Brazil 16.30 Medium Medium High
12. United States 16.20 Medium Medium Medium
13. China 15.91 Medium Medium Medium
14. Morocco 15.91 Medium Medium Medium
15. Germany 15.39 Medium Medium High
16. United Arab Emirates 14.78 Medium Medium Medium
17. Chile 13.98 Medium Low Medium
18. Spain 13.94 Medium Low Medium
19. Austria 13.87 Medium Medium Medium
20. Portugal 13.24 Medium Low Medium
21. Belgium 12.90 Medium Low Medium
22. France 12.71 Medium Low Medium
23. Colombia 12.37 Medium Low Medium
24. Chinese Taipei 12.02 Low Low Medium
25. Philippines 11.95 Low Low Medium
26. Indonesia 11.90 Low Low Medium
27. New Zealand 11.81 Low Low Medium
28. Romania 11.78 Low Medium Low
29. Lithuania 11.73 Low Low Low
30. Luxembourg 11.52 Low Low Medium
31. Switzerland 11.52 Low Low Medium
32. Uzbekistan 11.49 Low Low Low
33. Nigeria 11.43 Low Low Medium
34. Latvia 11.38 Low Low Medium
35. Croatia 11.38 Low Low Low
36. Pakistan 11.12 Low Low Medium
37. Sweden 10.80 Low Low Low
38. Thailand 10.77 Low Low Low
39. Egypt 10.72 Low Low Medium
40. Slovenia 10.64 Low Low Medium
41. Greece 10.45 Low Low Medium
42. Slovak Republic 10.12 Low Low Low
43. Ireland 10.08 Low Low Medium
44. Norway 9.95 Low Low Medium
45. South Africa 9.74 Low Low Low
46. United Kingdom 9.58 Low Low Medium
47. Canada 9.52 Low Low Medium
48. Mexico 9.04 Low Low Low
49. Czech Republic 8.93 Low Low Low
50. Australia 8.90 Low Low Low
51. Malta 8.85 Low Low Medium
52. Kazakhstan 8.80 Low Low Low
53. Malaysia 7.61 Low Low Low
54. Cyprus 7.26 Low Low Low
55. Argentina 7.16 Low Low Low
56. Islamic Republic of Iran 7.12 Low Low Low
57. Republic of Korea 6.95 Low Low Low
58. Italy 6.49 Low Low Low
59. Poland 6.33 Low Low Low
60. Algeria 6.20 Low Low Low
61. Bulgaria 5.11 Low Low Low
62. Saudi Arabia 5.09 Very Low Low Very Low
63. Belarus 4.86 Very Low Low Very Low
64. Hungary 2.56 Very Low Very Low Very Low
65. Japan 2.50 Very Low Very Low Very Low
66. Russian Federation 1.45 Very Low Very Low Very Low
67. Turkey 1.07 Very Low Very Low Very Low
* weighted and rounded © Germanwatch 2023
15
3. Key Country Results
The following overview provides a brief summary on the The experts report that Denmark combines diplomacy
performance of 26 selected countries and the EU. The with concrete climate partnerships, such as with the
coloured boxes indicate a country’s rank in this year’s Beyond Oil and Gas Alliance (BOGA) and Global Offshore
CCPI, while the grey boxes refer to its rank last year. Wind Alliance (GOWA), where the country helps increase
international ambitions for offshore wind and promotes a
managed phase-out of oil and gas production. Still, even
Denmark 4 4
in Denmark, some regressive positions prevail, such as the
uncertainty about whether it is still among the EU coun-
Denmark ranks 4th in this year’s CCPI and is again the
tries demanding a reduction target increased to 65% by
highest-ranked of all countries surveyed.
2030, and net zero by 2040, as the government promoted
Overall, Denmark receives a high rating, but it was unable extensively in the previous two years.
to achieve an overall very high needed to enter the top
The CCPI experts demand updated sectoral climate tar-
three, which still remains vacant.
gets to reflect Denmark’s share of the remaining carbon
Despite its relatively strong showing, Denmark’s per- budget, an intact carbon tax on agriculture, and land-use
formance remains unaligned with limiting global warm- to support the country‘s 2030 target and the return of
ing to 1.5°C. Denmark receives high ratings in the GHG ambitious climate initiatives in Danish politics.
Emissions and Renewable Energy Categories, but only a
medium in Energy Use and Climate Policy.
Last year’s evaluation of the country‘s progress was opti-

Philippines 6 12
mistic, but this time, the CCPI national experts claim that The Philippines is a high-performing country in this
Danish climate action has nearly paused since October year’s CCPI, up six places and ranking 6th.
2022, when national elections were called. Before that
time, many of the sectoral climate agreements, such as The country earns a high in the GHG Emissions and
the legally binding economy-wide target of a 70% re- Energy Use categories, medium in Renewable Energy,
duction in 2030 and net zero in 2045–2050, were to be and low in Climate Policy. The Philippines performs very
strengthened in 2023. Denmark‘s reduction path has not well compared with other surveyed CCPI countries in per
been linear over the last two years. As a result, the re- capita emissions, with 2.27 tCO2eq.
maining Danish share of the global 1.5°C-compatible car- The CCPI country experts criticise the country’s Nationally
bon budget requires tightening of its 2030 target to 80% Determined Contribution (NDC) for lacking a long-term
and moving its net-zero target from 2050 to 2040. The emissions reduction strategy. The connection between
experts fear that, otherwise, the country will not meet its the NDC and climate policy implementation remains un-
national target for 2025 and 2030. This was also dispar- clear. Neither the NDC nor the policies mention any strong
aged by the Danish Independent Climate Council in its fiscal measures, such as the phase-out of fossil fuel sub-
February 2023 status report. sidies. Despite the country’s low per capita emissions
The actions that have been taken also heavily rely on compared with other CCPI countries surveyed, the CCPI
CCS to achieve 3.2-million-tonne reductions by 2030, experts remain apprehensive about the environmental
accounting for roughly 14% of necessary total reductions impact of future development plans, particularly in the
between 2022 and 2030. The experts underscore that transport sector, which is still not environmentally friendly
CCS must not be an excuse for delaying emissions cuts in and continues to harm ecosystems and biodiversity. The
sectors where they otherwise could be averted. NDC still lacks clarity on topics such as agriculture, land
use, and forestry.
All the experts agree that implementing a tax on agricul-
tural production would be a crucial step towards lowering The Philippines formulated the new Philippine Energy Plan
the country‘s high emissions in this sector. Moreover, (PEP) for the period 2023–2050. The plan targets 40%
Denmark urgently needs to stop its tax rebates and subsi- renewable energy in the energy mix by 2040 but includes
dies for biomass and include biomass in the CO2 tax. This nuclear in the mix. The Philippines also recently started
would reduce biomass use and would ensure true zero implementing the 2008 Renewable Energy Act, which
emissions. Additionally, decisions to expand motorways, should enable faster adoption and development of re-
reduce public transport, and eliminate a public transport newable energy. The act mainly gives mechanisms for
target all contribute to compromising climate actions in encouraging new investments in the sector by providing
Denmark and therefore need to be revised or paused. fiscal and non-fiscal measures, such as tax holidays and
introducing Renewable Portfolio Standards.
16
The Philippines was involved in more UNFCCC discus- they call for a faster phase-out of coal, reduced reliance
sions and joined multiple climate and renewable energy on gas, and expanded renewable energy. The experts
initiatives in recent years. The experts also note that dis- want to see the country fulfil its potential in climate ac-
cussions to integrate a just energy transition and net- tion by moving up the timeline for reaching net zero to no
zero development in national policy are rising, though no later than 2050. They want to see the creation of people-
friendly, climate-friendly, sustainable infrastructure that
concrete changes have yet been made to the policies
is affordable, accessible, and available to all, while taking
themselves. The experts also encourage the Philippines
the location’s cultural and social context into account.
to openly support global calls for a fossil fuel phase-out
to give the country greater climate ambition. Overall, our experts emphasise that while India is among
the top performers, it needs to increase its share of re-
newable energy and raise its targets.
India 7 8
India ranks 7th in this year´s CCPI, up one spot from Netherlands 8 13
the previous CCPI and remaining among the highest
performers. The Netherlands is trending upward, improving to 8th
in the current CCPI and among the highest overall per-
India receives a high ranking in the GHG Emissions and
formers.
Energy Use categories, but a medium in Climate Policy
and Renewable Energy, as in the previous year. The country receives a high in the Renewable Energy
category, and a medium in Climate Policy and GHG emis-
While India is the world’s most populous country, it has
relatively low per capita emissions. Our data shows that sions, but its high energy consumption leads to a low
in the per capita GHG category, the country is on track ranking in that respective category.
to meet a benchmark of well below 2°C. While it shows The CCPI data show that the share of renewable energy
a slightly positive trend in the share of renewable energy, supply in the Netherlands is still low, but there is a strong
this trend is advancing too slowly.
upward trend. The country has high energy consump-
Our CCPI country experts report that India is trying to meet tion (far above the EU average), and its greenhouse gas
its Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC), with clear (GHG) emissions are also very high. The country’s climate
long-term policies in place that focus on promoting renew- policy is based on the EU’s legal framework and policy
able energy and providing financial support for domestic guidelines, as the national climate law sets a target of 55%
manufacturing of renewable energy components. Despite
GHG reduction by 2030 and climate neutrality by 2050.
that, India’s growing energy needs are still being met by
The country has a well-developed climate policy system
its heavy reliance on coal, along with oil and gas. This de-
focusing on a circular economy, offshore wind, and solar
pendence is a major source of greenhouse gas emissions
and causes severe air pollution, especially in the cities. energy.
India has relatively high taxes on petrol and diesel, which The CCPI country experts report there are major incen-
are intended to act as carbon taxes. The impact of these tives for renewable energy, while support for new renew-
taxes on consumption remains disputed. While some ex- able electricity projects will be phased out from 2026 on
perts describe them as an effective tool to reduce the the assumption that new projects will no longer require
consumption of petrol and diesel, others point to the high subsidies. Grid constraints, however, are increasingly
dependence of the government on these tax revenues. hampering the development of large-scale solar PV fields
At the last COP, India, together with China, changed the (not rooftop systems) and onshore wind projects.
wording of the cover decision to ‘phase down’ rather than The Netherlands, the country with the highest livestock
‘phase out’ fossil fuels. This was a setback for the global density in Europe and one of the largest livestock traders
commitment to end the fossil fuel era.
in the world, faces the problem of high nitrogen levels.
Some of our experts also report that large-scale renewable The CCPI experts report that these levels are causing
energy projects have negatively affected the livelihoods problems in nature reserves and negatively affecting wa-
of local communities through land grabs and unequal ter quality. As this breaches EU nature protection laws,
distribution. Our experts report that policies are largely the Dutch government has adopted measures for reducing
mitigative, yet they should also focus on transformative
livestock numbers through voluntary buyouts of farmers.
adaptation and disaster risk management. Policymakers
This year, the European Commission affirmed that the
should also adopt ecosystem-based solutions and con-
plans are permissible under state aid rules.
sider equity.
Prime Minister Modi’s announcement at COP26 that India The Dutch energy supply is mainly based on natural gas
will achieve net-zero emissions by 2070 shows a lack of and other fossil fuels. The experts highlight that in recent
ambition and political will, according to our experts. The years the Netherlands has almost completely shut down
experts therefore call for more effective policy implemen- gas production in the Groningen gas field, one of the
tation that takes a more bottom-up approach, including world's largest such fields. Gas production in the area had
the demands of tribal and rural communities. Specifically, caused earthquakes, and homeowners were not compen-
17
sated. The experts also point out that the use of coal for be subsidised. The focus should be on reducing fossil fuel
power generation will be phased out by 2030. use. Drip irrigation systems and solar pumps should be
installed to reduce water wastage and fuel use. Also, more
In 2023, environmental organisations criticised the Dutch
sustainable agriculture should be promoted, and natural
government for continuing to subsidise fossil fuels at
ecosystems should be better preserved.
€46.4 billion a year, according to figures from the Ministry
of Economic Affairs and Climate Policy (based on the The experts view Morocco as an active and supportive
World Trade Organization’s definition of fossil fuel subsi- actor in international climate politics. They ask for poli-
dies). Ongoing protests have prompted the Lower House cies that enable reduced fossil fuels and for ecological
to ask the Cabinet to set a path for phasing out these protection.
subsidies.
The experts call for additional measures to promote sus- Chile 11 6

tainable agriculture. The government should also phase
out fossil fuel subsidies and note be reluctant to introduce Chile drops five ranks in this year’s CCPI, to 11th, but it
regulatory measures. remains among the high-performing countries.
Chile receives a high rating in the GHG Emissions catego-
ry, medium in Climate Policy and Renewable Energy, and
Morocco 9 7
low in Energy Use, due to the country’s unambitious target
Morocco is still among the high-performing countries, and weak showing in GHG per capita compared with a
ranking 9th in this year’s CCPI. well-below-2°C benchmark. The strong performance in
GHG Emissions owes to relatively low per capita emis-
Morocco receives medium ratings in both Renewable
sions of 3.18 CO2eq (including LULUCF). Nonetheless, the
Energy and Climate Policy, while obtaining a high rating
country ranks only 43rd in GHG per capita – current trend
in GHG Emissions and Energy Use. The country targets a
(excluding LULUCF).
45.5% GHG emissions reduction by 2030 compared with a
‘business-as-usual’ (BAU) scenario. The ranking as a high As in the previous year, the CCPI national experts value
performer owes to its low GHG emissions, trend towards Chile’s Framework Law on Climate Change, which was
greater energy efficiency, and progress in renewable en- adopted in June 2022 and includes a commitment to
ergy production. reach net zero by 2050, along with concrete policies for
implementation. This includes, for instance, the country’s
Fossil fuels still account for the majority of Morocco’s en- Long-Term Climate Strategy, Climate Change Financial
ergy consumption, and the country imports most of these Strategy, and both sectoral and local (regional- and mu-
fuels. The CCPI country experts criticise the government’s nicipal-level) mitigation and adaptation plans. However,
plans to explore domestic oil and gas reserves. Yet the the experts are still waiting for these policies’ anticipated
experts also welcome the increasing share of renewable GHG reduction and implementation. The Framework Law,
energy. They point out that prices for all forms of energy therefore, does not yet meet their expectations.
remain high and that solar energy is not subsidised in
Morocco. Citizens producing solar energy are also not Since 2008, there has been a quota for the feed-in of non-
connected to the grid. conventional renewable energies in the energy grid (10%
in 2024) and the experts are certain this quota will also
In Morocco, biomass production is mainly carried out in be achieved. However, gas and other fossil fuels, such as
mountainous areas. Deforestation exposes soil to erosion, diesel, continue to be subsidised. The high subsidies hin-
leading to flooding and to destruction of infrastructure, der the promotion of new technologies such as geothermal
and ultimately hurts natural ecosystems and local com- energy, which the experts indicate has great potential.
munities. Further, the agricultural sector as one of the
Meanwhile, the shares of coal and fossil fuels in the elec-
largest sectors in Morocco, requires a just transition as
tricity grid and truck transport have not reduced substan-
for example the cultivation of water-intensive species,
tially, despite the government’s focus on electromobility.
ground-water pumping, and the use of diesel pumps is
Overall, the experts identify a lack of coherence in Chile’s
not regulated, or at least regulation is not enforced. Our
climate policy.
experts note that the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries,
Rural Development, Water and Forests has incorporated The experts call for decreased fossil fuel subsidies (espe-
water conservation and environmental protection into all cially for gas and diesel), improved scheduling of the en-
its programmes in recent years. However, implementation ergy transition processes, a modal shift in transport, im-
and enforcement has been lacking. plementation of forest commitments, and improvements in
citizen participation and consideration of climate justice.
The experts suggest several policy measures. Utility-
scale as well as small-scale, people-centred solar and It is important to note that the declined performance
wind projects should be built while observing strict social of Chile is influenced by new and updated data on the
and environmental safeguards, and solar energy should LULUCF sector.
18
ruling. This led to huge protests by Sami and young envi-

Norway 12 10
ronmental activists this year.
Norway ranks 12th in this year’s CCPI, down two places The experts’ assessment of Norway’s international per-
and receiving an overall high rating. formance notes that the country is doing relatively well in
As one of the countries with the highest renewable en- climate finance, particularly regarding the rainforest. Yet,
ergy shares, it earns it a very high in that category, but despite huge government revenues from high gas and oil
its high energy consumption earns it a very low in Energy prices, funding is increasingly moving towards leveraging
Use. It receives a low in Climate Policy and a high in GHG private finance. The experts criticise the government and
Emissions. its negotiators for keeping oil and gas completely separate
from discussions on climate change policy, both domesti-
Norway is a frontrunner in renewable energy, but at the cally and internationally. Another object of criticism is that
same time, it’s one of the world’s largest oil and gas ex- changes in the way money is allocated – through regional
porters. Norway is among the 20 countries with the larg- allocations rather than thematic allocations (e.g. specific
est developed oil and gas reserves. The Scandinavian programmes for renewable energy) – is making it increas-
country is looking to expand its fossil fuel production, ingly difficult to assess Norwegian development funds’
including in the Arctic. In addition, the Norwegian gov- impact on climate action.
ernment has announced its intention to allow commercial
mineral extraction through deep-sea mining, which poses Considering the above issues, our experts have devel-
a threat to the habitats of numerous deep-sea species. oped a clear set of demands aimed at putting Norway on
The CCPI experts report that the current government (like track to meet its climate targets through domestic action.
previous governments) is promising to provide a stable In addressing the country’s high profits from fossil fuel
and predictable environment for its industry – ’to develop, extraction, they call for an end to exploration. The gov-
not phase out, oil and gas’. This includes how it uses its ernment should develop a plan for a just transition of the
majority stake in Equinor, which is seeking approval for oil and gas industry – one that creates alternative jobs.
several controversial new oil projects globally in the com- Norway should also join and lead efforts, such as BOGA,
ing period. to jointly reduce oil and gas production. The experts call
for coherence in transport policy, higher and more equi-
The year 2023 looks set to be a record year for new oil tably distributed carbon taxes, and plans for massively
and gas field approvals, thanks in part to the rush of pro- reducing consumption. Finally, they call for strategies to
jects resulting from the tax relief and deferral package meet energy efficiency targets.
during the COVID pandemic. The country’s carbon-pricing
framework contains a tax break for the oil sector, show- Though Norway has been successful in building an almost
ing how the fossil fuel industry profits from the legislative entirely renewable electricity system, it should commit to
framework. Our experts, therefore, call for a starkly differ- phasing out fossil fuels.
ent policy approach from the government.
Consistent with our findings from the quantitative part of Germany 14 16

the CCPI, the experts report that Norway’s challenge is its
Germany ranks 14th in this year´s CCPI.
high per capita energy consumption. They also point out
that the country lacks a comprehensive policy addressing The country receives a medium ranking in all four CCPI
the energy efficiency target. index categories: Renewable Energy, GHG Emissions,
Climate Policy, and Energy Use.
The experts report that Norway is not meeting its own
(10%) targets for forest protection. Programmes to plant The CCPI country experts unanimously report that the
inappropriate non-native species, for instance, are caus- current German government shows a slightly better per-
ing further problems. They also criticise the tendency for formance than the previous one. However, different in-
local councils to approve various infrastructure projects terests among the three coalition partners are preventing
(such as highways, energy projects, and second home more ambitious climate policies. Such policies are needed
settlements), as each local council’s decision has a large because Germany will fail to achieve its official target of
cumulative effect nationally. net-zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2045, according
to recent reports by government climate advisors and the
Tensions are rising around large wind farms, which not
Federal Environment Agency (UBA).
only threaten biodiversity but also lead to conflicts with
the indigenous Sami people who live in the areas where Particularly, the buildings and transport sectors are fall-
these large projects are being installed. These conflicts ing short. Moreover, the government changed the climate
have led to complaints filed with UN treaty bodies. The change law so that, instead of each sector reporting on
government lost a case in the country’s Supreme Court its progress towards the climate targets, now only the
in 2021, about wind farms violating Sami reindeer herd- overall progress for meeting the target is reported. In this
ing rights, but has not corrected the problem despite the way, sectors can compensate for each other, leading to a
19
lack of accountability, according to the experts. In public However, while the EU is likely to meet its 55% emissions
debate, social policies and climate policies seem to be reduction target by 2030, the CCPI experts conclude that
played out against each other, creating a lack of support, the target level is still not ambitious enough, as it will
such as for renewing heating systems. So, while the new not keep the EU in line with the 1.5°C target of the Paris
government has accelerated progress on climate legisla- Agreement. A report of the newly established European
tion, Germany is not on a track towards reducing global Scientific Advisory Board on Climate Change (ESABCC)
warming to 1.5°C. on the 2040 target, shows that at least 90-95% net emis-
sion cuts by 2040 are needed to increase the EU’s fair
The geopolitical situation has affected Germany’s energy
contribution to the fight against the climate crisis. There
politics. While an earlier phasing out of coal energy pro-
are also several systemic weaknesses, including the con-
duction was agreed upon (2030 instead of 2038), two
tinued allocation of free allowances to industry up to and
coal-fired power plants are being kept in operation longer
beyond 2030 and a high degree of flexibility for Member
than previously planned. The Russian war against Ukraine
States to trade, bank, and borrow their emission allow-
has also let Germany recognize renewable energies as
ances. This is likely to delay action considerably.
strategically important for securing energy independence
and lowering its reliance on Russian fossil fuels. The experts highlight the potential additional emission
reductions driven by the introduction of ETS 2, which will
Several policies have been adopted to accelerate the ex-
start in 2027 or 2028. The new carbon market will extend
pansion of renewable energy, but Germany remains one
carbon pricing to emissions from road transport, build-
of the nine countries responsible for 90% of global coal
ings and industrial and energy installations. At the same
production, and four new LNG terminals have been built
time more efforts are needed to make the transition more
in the North Sea. Several reports, including one by the
socially just, for example by further expanding the Social
NewClimate Institute, have shown that the construction of
Climate Fund, a new fund to help low-income households
new LNG terminals is undermining the energy transition.
make the transition. The experts criticise the fact that
This is because Germany could import almost two-thirds
the energy efficiency target remains non-binding at both
more fossil gas by land and sea than it currently con-
EU and national levels, making it difficult to hold Member
sumes if all the terminals are fully operational. The CCPI
States to account. A clear requirement for Member States
experts are divided on this issue, with some pointing to
to apply national bans on the installation of fossil fuel
the increased energy security that comes with more gas,
heating systems by 2025 is also needed.
while others warn that building new LNG infrastructure
creates the risk of carbon lock-in and stranded assets. The Renewable Energy Directive (RED) is the EU‘s policy
for promoting renewable energy. It was revised as part of
the Fit for 55 initiative, as EU lawmakers decided to raise
EU 16 19
the bar by increasing the share of renewable energy to
The European Union (EU) ranks 16th in this year’s CCPI, 42.5% by 2030. The experts say the improved legislation
up three spots. is an important step forward, but a target of at least 50%
renewables is needed to achieve net-zero emissions by
It receives a medium ranking in all four categories: GHG
2040. In particular, the EU has introduced the REPowerEU
Emissions, Renewable Energy, Energy Use, and Climate
plan, aimed at reducing its Member States‘ dependence
Policy.
on Russian fossil fuels. The experts point out that the new
In April 2023, the EU adopted the Fit For 55 package, supply agreements with the US, Azerbaijan, Algeria, and
which includes a series of measures aimed at upgrading other countries carry a high risk of fossil fuel gas lock-in
the EU‘s climate and energy legislation and ultimately and the creation of stranded assets because of the new
achieving a 55% net emissions reduction (compared with infrastructure required to import gas. The experts there-
1990) by 2030 and climate neutrality by 2050. The policy fore call for a legally binding phase-out of coal by 2030,
raises ambitions in three main areas. The EU Emissions fossil gas by 2035 and of all fossil fuels by 2040.
Trading System (ETS 1) was extended to the maritime sec-
The EU should also accelerate its efforts to reduce en-
tor, and emissions from road transport, buildings and small
ergy demand. The experts indicate an ambitious Energy
businesses are covered by a new and separate carbon
Performance in Buildings Directive (EPBD) including
market (ETS 2), the Effort Sharing Regulation (ESR), and
building-specific Minimum Energy Performance Standards
the Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry (LULUCF)
(MEPS) must be agreed to as soon as possible to increase
sector was given more ambitious EU-level carbon removal
the speed and scale of building renovation and the use of
targets. Collectively, these revisions are expected to en-
renewable heating solutions.
able the EU to slightly overshoot the EU’s current target
and achieve 57% net emission cuts by 2030. The EU also While the EU shows progress in some aspects, such as
updated its Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) increased ambition on renewables, the EU‘s contribution
in October. While there were no major changes, and no remains insufficient to contribute to the 1.5°C objective of
mentioning of the 57%, it was updated to be consistent the Paris Agreement, considering its historical responsibili-
with Fit for 55 and the European Climate Law. ty, global equity principles, and the region‘s capacity to act.
20
for technology transfer, more investments in climate-

Nigeria 17 – new
resilient infrastructure, and a quicker shift from fossils
to renewables.
Nigeria, one of four new countries in this year’s CCPI,
ranks 17th overall, placing it among the medium-per-
forming countries. United Kingdom 20 11
Nigeria has a mixed performance across the four main The United Kingdom continues trending downward by
CCPI categories. It rates high in GHG Emissions and ranking 20th in this year’s CCPI.
Energy Use but low in Climate Policy and very low in
Renewable Energy. While the UK ranks high in the GHG Emissions and Energy
Use categories, it gets a low in Renewable Energy and
Nigeria is among the few developing countries to have Climate Policy.
set an economy-wide emissions reduction target. The
The UK government under Prime Minister Sunak has rolled
Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC), updated in
back several pieces of climate legislation. Instead of phas-
2021, pledges an unconditional contribution of 20% below
ing out fossil fuels, the government is increasing domestic
business-as-usual by 2030 and a 47% contribution condi-
fossil fuel extraction by approving a new coal mine in
tional on international support. The conditional target was
Cumbria and granting hundreds of new oil and gas licens-
increased from 45% to 47%. Nigeria has also a net-zero
es in the North Sea. These political actions are under-
target of 2060.
taken following the government´s official policy to ‘pursue
Despite these targets, fossil fuels are expected to remain all means for increasing UK oil and gas production‘.
a significant part of Nigeria’s energy mix in the near fu-
Moreover, the UK continues to implement fossil fuel subsi-
ture. The country’s fossil-based energy-generation infra-
dies, most recently with the introduction of an ‘investment
structure shows elements of its colonial past. Nigeria’s
allowance’ loophole within the windfall tax on oil and gas
substantial oil and natural gas reserves are why, for six
profits in 2022. This decision came despite a 2009 pledge
decades, multinational companies have operated there,
to phase out ‘inefficient‘ fossil fuel subsidies. The CCPI
especially in the ecologically devastated Niger Delta.
national experts note the government faced criticism from
Accordingly, there are high costs for a structural change
the Committee on Climate Change (CCC).
towards more renewable energies, making these new
technologies less competitive than fossil fuels. The experts report further policy changes that undermine
the UK´s climate ambitions. In September, the government
However, the Nigerian government has set a target of
delayed a ban on new combustion engines from 2030 to
generating at least 30% of its electricity from renewable
2035, and it watered down a plan to halt the installation
sources by 2030. To achieve this, it has taken several
of new gas boilers in homes by 2035. In another setback,
steps to encourage investment in renewable energy, such
evidently, no offshore wind projects were approved in
as creating a feed-in tariff system for renewable energy
2023, undercutting the UK´s plan to triple its offshore
projects and establishing the National Renewable Energy
wind power capacity by 2030.
and Energy Efficiency Policy (NREEEP). The NREEEP aims
to increase renewable energy’s contribution to the coun- Our experts report that the energy efficiency of many
try’s energy mix by providing incentives for developing UK buildings is very low, but the existing Great British
renewable energy projects, promoting energy efficiency Insulation Scheme would take an estimated 300 years to
measures, and bolstering the regulatory framework for meet the government´s own targets. Our experts there-
renewable energy investments. fore call for a massive increase in funding for home insu-
lation programmes, along with measures to replace fossil
The CCPI country experts demand stronger climate fi-
fuel heating systems with electric or heat pump systems.
nance with green bonds for adaptation and mitigation. In
2017, the Federal government and stakeholders, includ- There is, however, visible progress in the rail industry,
ing the World Bank and the United Nations Environment where the government provided £13.3 billion in funding
Programme (UNEP), issued green bonds for the first time over 2021/2022.
in Africa. The experts insist this money should be invested
to scale up and sustain finance for solar technologies to Considering the recent setbacks, our experts formulated
simultaneously achieve energy access and NDC climate clear demands: First, the government should set out de-
goals. The experts agree that Nigeria has significantly tailed sectoral delivery plans, which provide a clear road-
improved its regulatory framework over the last few years. map. Second, it should implement a plan to phase out
However, implementation must follow up on those ambi- coal, oil, and gas production through a just transition, stop
tious targets if the country’s policy evaluation is to sub- approving new coal, oil, and gas fields, and end fossil fuel
stantially improve. subsidies. Third, it should improve the auctioning system
to allow for more onshore and offshore wind production.
Overall, the experts demand a coherent implementation Finally, it should foster proactive implementation of home
of climate policy, development of a national strategy insulation and heat pumps.
21
The recent backtracking on climate policy has negatively ers, missing sectoral emissions limits and targets, and a
impacted the credibility of the previous host country of lack of guidance on how to achieve its short-term (48%
the COP. The UK government´s climate policies are not in below 2005 in 2025), medium-term (53% below 2005 in
line with the government’s aim of reducing economy-wide 2030), and long-term (net zero in 2050) emissions reduc-
GHG emissions by at least 68% by 2030, or with the goal tion goals.
of limiting global warming to below 1.5°C.
The experts indicate that concrete policies and actions,
such as phasing out fossil fuel subsidies, ramping up re-
Brazil 23 38 newable energy investments, and implementing stringent
regulations to curb deforestation, would be needed to
Brazil ranks 23rd in this year’s CCPI, vaulting 15 places prompt substantial emission reductions.
from the previous year’s CCPI. It’s now among the
ranking’s medium-performing countries. Over the previous year, the experts saw a record increase
in the installed capacity of solar and wind energy. Solar
Brazil shows a mixed performance across the main CCPI increased by 15 GW, mostly due to decentralized small-
categories, with a high rating for Renewable Energy, a scale generation. A regulatory framework approval for
medium in Energy Use and Climate Policy, and a low in microgeneration in January 2022 set a deadline for cur-
GHG Emissions. rent tax exemptions that rushed the market to this boom.
Since President Lula da Silva took office in January 2023, Wind generation contributed with capacity additions of
Brazilian climate policy has substantially turned, espe- more than 4 GW since 2021. The free market’s evolu-
cially regarding policies on reducing deforestation and tion has been a key factor for large-scale solar and wind
degradation in all Brazilian biomes. Such progress is a that allows an alternative for projects to be built in addi-
crucial step in preserving the Amazon, one of the world’s tion to regulated auctions promoted by the government.
most important emission sinks. The new government also Investments in wind and solar have increased and various
announced a Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC), tax benefits and incentives have been implemented to en-
which reverses the weakening of the target during the courage renewable energy projects. However, our experts
former administration. The NDC aims at returning to the criticise Brazil’s over-reliance on hydropower, which raise
absolute emissions level proposed in the original Brazilian environmental concerns and vulnerability to droughts.
NDC. It would do so by increasing the percentage reduc- The CCPI experts request a national climate change plan
tion target from 50% to 53% below 2005 levels by 2030. with a roadmap on how to implement the NDC targets.
Lula’s administration also committed to refining Brazil’s And they call for a fossil fuel phase-out and demand a
NDCs and starting an inclusive process towards a new shift from fossil to renewables subsidies
NDC for 2025 that includes civil society and indigenous
communities.
Pakistan 30 – new
The CCPI country experts recognise relevant and con-
crete steps in the right direction to reverse some of the Pakistan ranks 30th overall, placing it among the me-
rollbacks during the previous administration. The ex- dium performers.
perts positively emphasise that deforestation rates in the
Pakistan receives a low in the Climate Policy catego-
Brazilian Amazon have been reduced 50% in the first nine
ry, a very low in Renewable Energy, and a high in GHG
months of this year compared with the same period in
Emissions and Energy Use.
2022. This should lead to a significant emissions reduc-
tion in 2023. There is noticeable progress in the expan- Pakistan is one of the countries that are most vulnerable
sion of renewable electricity in previous years, especially to extreme weather events caused and/or exacerbated
wind and solar. Brazil currently has one of the highest by the climate crisis, such as the devastating floods in
shares of renewables globally, as renewables represent 2022. The country updated its Nationally Determined
approximately 80% of electricity generation and 45% of Contribution (NDC) in 2021; this includes a conditional
the primary energy supply. target of reducing projected emissions by 50% by 2030,
with 15% coming from domestic sources and 35% from
Despite the above, Brazil continues to expand its fossil
international grants. Pakistan also aims to shift to 60%
fuel extraction and production and faces challenges in
renewable energy and 30% electric vehicles by 2030 and
meeting its climate targets. It’s among the 20 countries
to completely ban imported coal.
with the largest developed oil reserves, and it currently
plans to increase its gas and coal production and develop One of the main issues the CCPI country experts identi-
new oil platforms on its northern seas. This could make fied is a lack of coordination between government institu-
Brazil the world’s fourth largest oil producer. Such ex- tions, which hampers policy implementation. The experts
panded fossil fuel production is clearly incompatible with describe a disconnect between federal and provincial
the 1.5°C global target. actors and an unclear division of responsibilities.
The experts also identify further obstacles on Brazil’s The experts also report that the existing policy frame-
path towards alignment with 1.5°C, noting funding barri- works are not aligned with the realities on the ground
22
that shape climate impacts in Pakistan. Specifically, there ranking, it must be noted that the updated NDC is only
have been no serious efforts to mention the phase-out provisional until 2024. The NDC’s net-zero target requires
of fossil fuels in relevant policy documents. There is also a more robust regulatory framework.
no mechanism for keeping account of emissions from
The CCPI experts welcome the combination of a com-
the corporate sector. Pakistan also faces problems with
mitment to phase out coal in the Just Energy Transition
dumping of the globally banned and highly hazardous
Partnership and Energy Transition Mechanism, together
chemicals known as persistent organic pollutants (POPs),
with Presidential Regulation 112/2022, in which construc-
as POP storage sites still need to be decontaminated.
tion of new power plants is blocked. But no policies have
Another point of criticism from the experts is that, while the been developed to stop or limit fossil fuel use, and no
expansion of renewable energy has had mostly positive im- targets developed to limit the production of fossil fuels in
pacts, in some cases, it has raised social justice issues. For line with the 1.5°C goal.
example, people have not been compensated for giving up Indonesia launched a new cap-and-trade system for its
their land for dam and hydropower plant construction. It is coal power plants. The experts welcome this development
worth noting that traditional biomass is not included in the but note that the carbon price is still very low and with a
CCPI's accounting of renewable energy. Pakistan still has a very lenient emissions cap, which makes it unclear how
significant share of traditional biomass in its renewable en- the measure could truly be effective at reducing GHG
ergy supply. Pakistan´s government also does not provide emissions. As of the current writing, the system’s precise
sufficient information to allow for transparency. Our experts implementation date remains uncertain and implementa-
note that, despite related laws such as the Right of Access tion of the system for other sectors is expected in 2025.
to Information, the Ministry of Climate Change avoids pro-
viding required information and evades being accountable. The experts indicate that 36 units of biomass-coal co-
firing power plants were active in 2022. There is also an
Internationally, our experts take a positive view of increase in biodiesel production from crude palm oil. The
Pakistan’s assuming a leadership role during the setup experts also note there are potential environmental justice
of the Loss and Damage Fund. Domestically, Pakistan is issues, problematic land use change, and preventable
developing long-term low-carbon development strate- deforestation as the palm oil and wood-based biomass
gies with support from GIZ and other actors, including plantations for coal co-firing power plants are expanded.
the Pathways 2050 platform, UNDP, and the World Bank. This could also influence the country’s GHG emissions
Robust afforestation programmes are also in place. from the forestry sector.
To respond to the above problems, our experts suggest The experts want to see the country reach its potential in
several ways to improve implementation. They stress the climate action by having a proper roadmap for renewable
importance of making policies more inclusive, transparent, energy and GHG emissions reduction. Indonesia needs to
and accountable. The role of women in natural resource bolster its NDC to align with the 1.5°C goal. It also needs
management should be strengthened, and local knowl- to set a higher renewable energy target to match the NDC
edge should be incorporated into new technologies to target, and to apply it with appropriate funding plans.
scale up nature-based solutions. There should be a fo-
cus on sustainable land management practices, and the
government should increase its support for decentralised South Africa 45 44
renewable energy systems.
South Africa maintains an overall low rating in this
The policy framework should also be more consistent, and year’s CCPI, falling one spot to 45th.
policies need to be realistic and implementable. A long-
The country receives mixed ratings across the four main
term vision for reducing emissions needs to be developed
CCPI categories: very low in Renewable Energy, low in
and there should be clear GHG reduction targets in the
Climate Policy and GHG Emissions, and high in Energy Use.
2050 NDCs. Improved cooperation between different lev-
els of government would be a step in the right direction. The Department of Energy revised its Integrated Resource
Plan (IRP), in which the country commits to increasing its
uptake of renewable energy. The plan was conceived as
Indonesia 36 26
a subset of the country’s Integrated Energy Plan, aim-
ing for safe and sustainable energy infrastructure and
Indonesia falls 10 places to rank 36 th in this year’s
supply, which minimises emissions and balances de-
CCPI, with an overall low rating.
mands. However, the CCPI country experts criticise the
The country receives a low rating in the GHG Emissions lack of coherence between the national GHG trajectory
and Climate Policy categories, medium in Energy Use, and and sectoral energy masterplans, such as the Gas User
high in Renewable Energy. Masterplan and the IRP, in which South Africa’s govern-
The CCPI country experts criticise that the updated ment maintains its commitment to long-term coal power.
Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) is still not South Africa is among the nine countries responsible for
aligned with the Paris goals and is only based on inflat- 90% of global coal produktion, which is incompatible with
ed ‘business-as-usual’ calculations. Per last year’s CCPI the 1.5°C target.
23
The proposed Upstream Petroleum Development Act, un- of renewable sources, including hydropower, is 8% of the
der discussion in Parliament, paves the way for extensive energy balance. Thus, the CCPI experts demand quick
exploitation of new gas finds both onshore and offshore. follow-up action to the government's ambitious plans.
Moreover, the poor implementation of just transition com-
To improve its ranking and make the ‘green transition’ more
mitments to date is highly undesirable. The experts regard
coherent, Uzbekistan needs to reverse its renewable trend
all of this with great concern.
through rapid expansion and set even more ambitious
Preparations for revising the national energy planning goals. Therefore, the experts also stress that Uzbekistan
process, starting in April 2024, might signal development has great potential in for solar energy. However, the ex-
in the right direction. perts still strongly advocate for Uzbekistan’s ambition and
legislative approaches.
In January 2023, limits for private power generation for
self-consumption were also reduced. This allows large Overall, the experts demand a progressive expansion of re-
energy consumers to invest in renewable energy, which newable energies and reduced dependence on natural gas.
the experts regard as a beneficial incentive.
The experts demand the urgent initiation of a just transi-

Australia 50 55
tion process to a low-carbon economy by investing in
renewable energy, not in coal, gas, or new nuclear, and Australia’s overall ranking improves by five spots to
implementation of tax incentives for more energy effi- 50th in this year’s CCPI. Australia is now among the low
ciency investments. performers.
The country gets a low in the GHG Emissions, Renewable

Uzbekistan 48 – new Energy, and Climate Policy categories, and a very low for
Energy Use.
Uzbekistan, one of four new countries added to the
CCPI this year, ranks 48th – an overall low performer. Australia’s 2030 climate goal is to reduce GHG emissions
by 43% vs. 2005 levels. The country plans to achieve
Uzbekistan receives mixed ratings in the four main cat- net zero by 2050. The government also sets a renewable
egories: medium in Energy Use, low in GHG Emissions and electricity target of 82% by 2030. The CCPI climate ex-
Climate Policy, and very low in Renewable Energy. perts welcome these goals. Nevertheless, the ambitions
In 2021, Uzbekistan published its updated Nationally lack detailed plans and policies for achieving the targets,
Determined Contribution (NDC), in which it commits to and there seems to be no intent to set more ambitious
reducing specific greenhouse gas emissions per unit of targets. Australia has still not addressed the rising emis-
GDP by 35% by 2030 compared with 2010 levels, instead sions from transport with either updated fuel policies or
of the 10% in the first NDC. effective incentives to purchase battery-powered electric
vehicles.
The government plans to achieve this target by increas-
ing the share of renewable energy in power generation Australia continues to develop fossil fuel projects and in-
to 25%, prioritizing energy efficiency measures, and ex- frastructure, and its developed gas reserves rank it among
panding renewable energy sources. It’s also scheduled the world’s top 20. The country is one of nine countries
to reduce the carbon intensity of the country’s GDP and collectively responsible for 90% of global coal production
introduce energy-effective technologies in key economic and it plans to increase coal and gas production by 2030.
sectors, as reported in the Strategy on the Transition of The increase is not compatible with the global 1.5°C tar-
the Republic of Uzbekistan to the ‘Green’ Economy for the get. There is no fossil fuel phase-out in sight, nor is there
Period of 2019–2030. a concrete plan to limit fossil fuel extraction. The CCPI
experts demand a clear fossil fuel phase-out, the end of
The strategy also aims to meet Uzbekistan’s growing de-
fossil fuel subsidies, and government investment in more
mand for electricity and ensure further balanced develop-
renewable energy.
ment of the electric power industry while being in line with
the Paris Agreement. However, the CCPI country experts In international climate politics, Australia has shown some
indicate that Uzbekistan clearly still has a long way to progress in joining the Global Methane Pledge but it is
go. The country continues to strongly rely on natural gas, donating little to the Green Climate Fund and does not
which is widely used in the economy and frequently runs take a leading role in climate diplomacy.
out, causing massive power outages.
Overall, the experts demand a concrete phase-out plan
Uzbekistan’s rankings indicate the country’s plans will also for fossil fuels and for Australia to take a leading role in
pose major challenges. Currently, Uzbekistan is last overall climate politics. Joining the Beyond Oil and Gas Alliance
in the Renewable Energy category. Hydropower remains and Powering Past Coal Alliance would be first steps.
the dominant renewable source in the electricity sys- The country has good potential for renewable energy and
tem, providing 1.85 GW of capacity, with other renewable should use this potential to ensure its renewable electric-
sources accounting for no more than 1%. Overall, the share ity goals are implemented.
24
Poland has not announced a long-term strategy to re-

China 51 51
duce GHG emissions for 2050. The proposed update to
China holds onto the 51st spot in this year’s CCPI. It the Energy Policy of Poland until 2040 aims for 73% of
remains among the low performing countries. electricity from renewable energy sources and nuclear
power. The country´s energy mix currently has a very
The country receives a very low rating in the GHG low share of renewable energy sources, but a positive
Emissions and Energy Use categories, while it receives a trend can be seen. The energy crisis led Poland to ac-
medium in Renewable Energy and Climate Policy. celerate renewable energy deployment, and businesses
China’s plans of a GHG emissions peak in 2030 are un- and local authorities are increasing their investments in
changed. It aims for carbon neutrality by 2060. Despite such energy. The experts welcome the growing interest
that, it has not updated its Nationally Determined in renewables but criticise the government's emphasis on
Contribution (NDC) in three years. nuclear energy and the lack of a clear, progressive energy
supply policy. Strict restrictions on onshore wind energy,
Overall, the CCPI country experts welcome China’s climate however, have recently been eased.
policies, especially the growing renewable energy sector
and energy efficiency measures. China is increasing its Biomass is one of the most used forms of renewable en-
renewable energy targets. The country is on track to pro- ergy in the Polish energy mix, mainly for heating in large
duce 1,200 GW of wind and solar power by 2025, reaching cities and individual houses. Its use has increased in the
its 2030 goal five years ahead of schedule. Nevertheless, wake of Russia´s war on Ukraine. The experts note that
coal power continues to expand, and it’s still uncertain this development contributes to increased harvesting of
whether coal use will peak in 2024. forests in Poland, which reduces the capacity to absorb
carbon dioxide and threatens forest conservation sta-
In the transport sector, the share of electric cars in total tus. Widespread use of biomass also harms Poland’s air
domestic auto sales reached 29% in 2022, exceeding its quality. Moreover, the experts point to a flawed institu-
2025 target several years earlier. China’s energy demand tional design, as the government body in charge of forest
is expected to rise by more than 12% in 2030 compared management is responsible for maximising profits from
with 2021, this is also reflected in China’s very low rating the sale of wood, while at the same time preserving the
in Energy Use. forests – a conflict of interest.
China is among the 20 countries with the largest de- Poland does not play an active role in international climate
veloped oil and gas reserves. It’s also among the nine policy. At the EU level, Poland opposes the ban on com-
countries responsible for 90% of global coal production. bustion engines by 2035 and higher energy standards for
China also plans to increase its gas and coal production buildings.
by 2030. This is incompatible with the 1.5°C target. The
experts note that economic growth’s slowing in China led On a positive note, Poland met the EU’s energy and cli-
to there being no announcements regarding more ambi- mate policy targets set for 2020. It’s among the leading
tious climate targets in the current year. EU countries in terms of heat pump sales. The government
launched different programs to support the installation of
In international climate politics, the experts welcome the
solar panels and heat pumps, as well as the purchase of
support of developing countries, note a stronger focus on
electric cars and buses.
green energy projects in 2023, and call for a continuation
of this trend. The experts also stress the importance of The CCPI experts expect from Poland a long-term GHG
China taking a leading role in climate policy. reduction policy, strategies for becoming less depend-
ent on coal and other fossil fuels, and most importantly a
coherent national vision for transformation.
Poland 55 54
Poland ranks 55th in this year’s CCPI, still among the Turkey 56 47
lowest-performing countries.
Turkey drops nine ranks in the CCPI to 56th, making it a
It receives a low rating in all CCPI index categories: GHG
very low-performing country.
Emissions, Renewable Energy, Energy Use, and Climate
Policy. The country receives a medium ranking in the Renewable
Energy category, low in GHG Emissions and Energy Use,
Coal power dominates Poland’s energy mix. While the
and very low in Climate Policy.
government plans to phase out coal by 2049, the CCPI
country experts criticise this target as too late, and a Turkey plans to increase its GHG emissions until 2038 and
general fossil fuel phase-out is not in sight. Despite an announced 2053 as its net-zero target date. The CCPI
agreement to close coal mines by 2049, our experts indi- country experts emphasise that the main shortcoming of
cate the just transition plans are too weak. the policy to reduce GHG emissions is that it is calculated
25
with in a ‘business-as-usual’ scenario (BAU) and there- lute reduction target. A coal phase-out policy should be
fore does not aim to reduce net greenhouse gas (GHG) adopted and coal subsidies should be transferred to a
emissions. Turkey updated its Nationally Determined renewable energy support scheme. Policy instruments for
Contribution (NDC) in April 2023, but the experts indicate decarbonisation of all sectors should be introduced. And
it is not in line with the country’s net-zero vision and the a more transparent and participatory approach should be
Paris Agreement’s 1.5 C target. adopted in the climate change bill currently being drafted.
Turkey still heavily depends on fossil fuels for energy. It

has no fossil fuel phase-out policy and is still conducting United States 57 52
gas and oil exploration in different regions. It also contin-
ues to subsidise fossil fuels. The CCPI country experts The United States falls five ranks to 57th in this year’s
call for an immediate end to fossil fuel exploration and CCPI, with an overall very low rating.
extraction and the closure of old coal-fired power plants. As in the previous year, the US receives a very low in the
They urge for the development of transition plans for coal GHG Emissions, Renewable Energy, and Energy Use cat-
regions, and with a fair perspective. egories. However, it receives a medium in Climate Policy.
Official IEA data show that the share of renewables has The United States under the Biden administration signed
increased slightly, but needs tripling to be compatible with the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) in 2022. This new policy
1.5°C. The Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources pub- aims to halve GHG emissions by 2030 vs. 2005 levels. The
lished a National Energy Plan in January 2023. This plan US’s goal is to become net zero by 2050. The IRA has also
projects high levels of renewable capacity, particularly led to significant investments in renewable energy and it
solar. And while it envisions a gradual reduction in the supports energy efficiency measures.
share of fossil fuels in electricity generation, the experts The CCPI country experts welcome the IRA climate poli-
criticise it for including expanded nuclear power. Current cies, but note that more concrete implementation poli-
legislation also does not favour decentralised renewa- cies will be needed to reach net zero. The Republican
ble energy production, resulting in most projects being opposition and some Democrats are blocking stronger
centralised and large-scale. The targets for wind energy climate policy. Continuing domestic fossil fuel extraction
are not ambitious and the plan does not include a coal is a significant weak point in US climate policy. The newly
phase-out. The experts suggest mandating installation of permitted oil drilling in Alaska is a glaring step backwards.
solar panels on the roofs of public service infrastructure,
automobile parking, and open marketplaces. Energy co- The US is among the 20 countries with the largest de-
operatives should also be regulated to make it easier to veloped oil and gas reserves. It’s also among the nine
set up and maintain them, with fewer legal burdens and countries responsible for 90% of global coal production.
obstacles. Moreover, the US plans to increase its gas and coal pro-
duction by 2030. This is not compatible with the 1.5°C
Regarding energy efficiency, the experts paint a mixed target.
picture. The National Energy Efficiency Action Plan (2017–
The CCPI experts demand concrete phase-out goals for
2023) aims to reduce primary energy consumption by
fossil fuels and redirection of fossil fuel subsidies towards
14% by 2023. The plan expires at the end of 2023, but
renewable energy, transport electrification, and energy
the energy efficiency target seems to have been missed,
efficiency projects.
partly due to the electricity distribution network’s inef-
ficiency. Progress has been made in rail infrastructure, as The experts expect the IRA to set an example in inter-
large investments in developing high-speed railways are national climate politics. If the act is implemented as
promising. Production of the country's first electric car planned, the United States will likely increase its ranking
also began in 2023. The experts want to see energy ef- in future CCPI editions.
ficiency given a higher priority in energy policy.
Turkey’s agricultural and forestry sectors suffer from a Japan 58 50

lack of protective legislation. The experts report that cur-
Japan’s CCPI ranking continues to fall, to place 58th in
rent forestry policy treats forests as production areas
this year’s edition, giving it a very low rating.
rather than as natural assets to be protected. The growing
timber industry is leading to a huge increase in deforesta- Japan receives a low rating in the GHG Emissions,
tion, even in protected areas such as national parks. This Renewable Energy, and Energy Use categories. The coun-
poses a major threat to carbon sinks. The experts there- try also maintains its very low rating in Climate Policy.
fore call for the proportion of protected land and marine
At the May 2023 G7 Summit in Hiroshima, Japan commit-
areas to be increased to at least 30% by 2030, in line with
ted to largely decarbonising its energy sector by 2035,
the Global Biodiversity Framework.
while also promising it would have no new coal power
The experts offer several policy recommendations. They plants. A target of reaching carbon neutrality by 2050 has
want to see the NDC revised with an ambitious abso- also been given.
26
Despite these commitments, the CCPI country experts policy has been delayed, and there are important efforts
criticise the lack of a concrete roadmap towards achiev- led by the oil and gas lobby to undermine its stringency
ing the targets. The experts indicate Japan will continue and level of ambition. Regulations have also been tabled
using coal power plants in 2050. Japan also formulated for a net-zero electricity grid in Canada by 2035.
its Green Transformation policy in 2023. However, rather
Overall, the CCPI country experts expect Canada to take
than promoting a transition from fossil fuels, it enables
responsibility in climate politics. Canada is a wealthy
Japan to maintain fossil fuel usage through so-called ‘in-
country and a large oil and gas producer. The experts
novative technologies’.
demand plans for a strong emissions cap, a fossil fuel
Biomass power in Japan has seen rapidly increasing use. phase-out from the provinces that meaningfully supports
A new feed-in premium program has been in effect since resource-intensive communities, a transparent Emissions
April 2022, with biomass power reaching a 3,610 MW ca- Reduction Plan progress report, and climate-aligned fi-
pacity that June. Most of the biomass is imported, and it nancial regulations.
is increasing year on year.
The CCPI experts note that in the G7 process, Japan

Russian Federation 63 59
blocked discussions on decarbonised power and trans-
port systems. The experts stress this blocking continues Russia is ranked 63rd in this year´s CCPI – down four
in other international fora, such as the UNFCCC. Some places and remaining among the very low performers.
Japanese investments in other Asian countries also sup-
It receives a very low in all four CCPI index categories,
port the deployment of ‘false solutions‘ that lead to con-
GHG Emissions, Renewable Energy, Energy Use, and
tinued use of fossil fuels without meaningfully lowering
Climate Policy.
carbon emissions, such as with hydrogen and ammonia
co-firing with fossil fuels. Data show that the country has high per capita energy
consumption that has been steadily increasing. As Russia
The CCPI experts strongly recommend Japan halt its efforts
continues to use fossil fuels as its main source of energy,
in maintaining coal power plants and set a concrete target
its target and current share of renewable energy is be-
for phasing out coal-fired power. Along with this, Japan
low 5%. Russia is among the 20 countries with the larg-
needs to develop and implement effective carbon pricing
est developed oil and gas reserves. It’s also among nine
and a robust renewable energy development plan. Japan’s
countries collectively responsible for 90% of global coal
Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) also needs to be
production. Russia also plans to increase its gas, coal, and
reviewed to be aligned with the Paris 1.5°C goal, and clear
oil production by 2030. This is incompatible with the 1.5°C
targets are needed for moving away from fossil fuels.
target of the Paris Agreement.
The CCPI country experts note that it’s been difficult

Canada 62 58
to verify Russia’s climate actions since the start of the
Canada falls four ranks and is now at 62nd in the CCPI. Russian war against Ukraine.
The country remains among the very low performing
The experts report that, under current legislation, green-
countries.
house gas (GHG) emissions reductions remain voluntary,
Canada receives a very low rating in the GHG Emissions, which significantly weakens policy strength. A law on
Renewable Energy, and Energy Use categories. Climate limiting GHG emissions was introduced in 2021, but it
Policy is rated low. Canada’s Emissions Reduction Plan contains no substantive measures. The CCPI experts do
includes the 2030 target of an emissions reduction of welcome the increasing use of electric buses for public
40% below 2005 levels by 2030 and net-zero emissions transport in large cities. The experts call for a clear politi-
by 2050. cal signal on decarbonising the economy.
In 2019, Canada introduced a carbon price system. In

2023, the price per tonne CO2 was increased to $65,
rising to $170/tonne by 2030. However, most of the emis- Republic of Korea 64 60
sions generated by oil and gas producers are exempted, The Republic of Korea (ROK) continues to be a very
meaning these companies pay a very low average price low-performing country in the CCPI, ranked 64th and
for their emissions. down four places from the previous year.
Although the country is transitioning from coal power and
As the fourth-worst overall performer in the CCPI, the
reducing methane, it plans to increase its gas and oil pro-
ROK ranks very low in the GHG Emissions and Energy Use
duction by 2030. Canada is among the 20 countries with
categories, and for Renewable Energy and Climate Policy,
the largest developed oil and gas reserves. This is not
the low ratings are only a bit better.
compatible with the 1.5°C target. There are no plans for an
oil and gas phase-out, but the government has committed Despite the country’s updated Nationally Determined
to adopting oil and gas emissions cap regulations. The Contribution (NDC) the CCPI national experts noted that
27
the Korean government has been regressing on its prom- In the run-up to COP28, many have been critical of the
ises. For example, the renewable energy target (share of role of COP President Sultan Al Jaber, who is the CEO
electricity) is down from 30.2% to 21.6% by 2030 in the of the state-owned Abu Dhabi National Oil Company
10th Power Plan announced in early 2023. Moreover, most (ADNOC). The company wants to further expand oil and
retired coal power plants will be replaced by gas plants gas production.
and will take up a substantial share of the national power
capacity. Among other non-climate friendly solutions, the
renewable energy share reduction is followed by the rise
Saudi Arabia 67 62
of nuclear capacity planning. Saudi Arabia ranks 67th in this year’s CCPI, making it
The experts also criticise that the Korean government has the lowest ranking country of all those surveyed.
not yet ended public financing of oil and gas projects, and It scores very low in all four CCPI index categories:
there have been calls for cooperation with other foreign Energy Use, Climate Policy, Renewable Energy, and GHG
governments in gas power plants projects. The experts Emissions.
stress that the ROK should align its development and
renewable energy targets with the Paris Agreement 1.5°C Saudi Arabia’s per capita greenhouse gas emissions are
goal while phasing out coal and other fossil fuels in all rising steadily. Its share of renewable energy in total pri-
sectors. mary energy supply (TPES) is close to zero and its target
is too low, but the country is clearly starting to promote
Use of biomass energy is also a growing trend. There renewable energy projects. Saudi Arabia also has high en-
have been efforts to increase the production and usage ergy consumption. It has committed to achieving net-zero
of domestic biomass resources, but this raises concerns emissions by around 2050.
about harm to the ROK’s biodiversity.
The Saudi Green Initiative adopted in 2021 includes a
target of planting 10 billion trees by 2030. Thus far, the
United Arab Emirates 65 – new
country has not addressed the fact that fossil fuel pro-
duction is responsible for the majority of its emissions. In
The United Arab Emirates (UAE) enters the CCPI at
addition to investing in carbon capture and storage tech-
65th, as one of the lowest performing countries.
nologies, Saudi Arabia should seek to reduce its emissions
The country receives a very low in the GHG Emissions, by, for example, using its high potential for renewable
Renewable Energy, and Energy Use categories and a me- energy production.
dium in Climate Policy.
At the last COP in Egypt, Saudi Arabia played a notably
The UAE‘s per capita greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions unconstructive role in the negotiations. Its delegation in-
are among the highest in the world, as is its per capita cluded many fossil fuel lobbyists. It also tried to water
wealth, while its national climate targets are inadequate. down the language used in the COP’s umbrella decision.
The UAE continues to develop and finance new oil and
Overall, the country's policies, actions, and climate targets
gas fields domestically and abroad.
are not in line with the Paris Agreement’s 1.5°C limit.
The country submitted an updated Nationally Determined
Contribution (NDC) this year. While it has increased its
ambition, the targets remain below its fair share and im-
plementation needs to follow. While the CCPI country  More country texts can be found at:
experts welcome the government's efforts to expand www.ccpi.org/countries
large-scale solar projects, the share of renewables in
total primary energy supply (TPES) remains below 1%. In
addition to investing in carbon capture and storage tech-
nologies, the UAE should seek to reduce its emissions in
ways such as exploiting its strong potential for renewable
energy production.
The experts also criticise the UAE’s uncoordinated waste

management practices, which result in expensive projects
but neglect large sources of emissions. And the experts
call for stricter building codes to improve energy effi-
ciency, as energy consumption should be reduced.
The UAE is planning the largest COP ever and is highly

motivated to make it a success. To this end, it plans to
launch several of its own policy initiatives, in addition to
successful negotiations.
28
4. Data Information & Disclaimer
Changes since the last edition

The CCPI 2024 edition includes four new countries: Nige- larger differences in LULUCF data for some countries.
ria, Pakistan, Uzbekistan, and the United Arab Emirates. This has influenced their ranking and rating results. The
This should be considered when analysing rank changes. countries with significantly higher LULUCF emissions are:
We annually review data on Land Use, Land Use Change, Chile, Estonia, Finland, Latvia, and Malta. The countries
Forestry, and Forest Degradation (LULUCF) with the help with significantly lower LULUCF emissions are: Malaysia,
of Nicklas Forsell (IIASA). This year’s review has revealed Mexico, Romania, and Thailand.
Comparability to previous CCPI editions

The CCPI 2024 (for 63 selected countries and the EU) is 2018. However, this year’s results are comparable to the
based on the methodological design introduced in 2017 CCPI 2018 to CCPI 2023.
covering all greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions* and evalu-
ates the 2030 targets and the well-below-2°C compatibil- Please note that there have been slight methodological
ity of countries’ current levels and targets in the categories changes compared to the CCPI 2021. In the categories
“GHG Emissions”, “Renewable Energies” and “Energy Use”. “GHG emissions” and “Energy Use” the 2030 target indi-
Therefore, there is only limited comparability between this cators are now calculated using an absolute difference to
year’s results and versions of the index prior to the CCPI the 2°C-pathway rather than a relative difference.
Disclaimer on maps
The depictions of territorial boundaries on maps displayed any names used/borders depicted are in conflict with your
in the CCPI do not imply a political opinion or judge- national identity or your general beliefs. We would like to
ment on the legal status of any state territory. The state point out that the CCPI, focusing solely on the global goal
boundaries shown are aligned with the official stance of of climate protection, in no way intends to spark geopoliti-
the United Nations (UN) on said matter. We apologise if cal controversy.
Disclaimer on data
Due to data availability, past CCPI editions until 2022 were 2022 (relying on numerical methods and linear extrapola-
calculated using data recorded two years prior. Since the tion). The Renewable Energy and Energy Use categories
CCPI 2023 edition we were with the help of PRIMAP able are calculated with data recorded in 2021, as this is the
to use GHG Emissions data with only one year time lag. most recent data available. Thus, CCPI 2024 is still influ-
This means that we use for the CCPI 2024 GHG data from enced by COVID-19.
Disclaimer on Ukraine
In this year's CCPI, Ukraine's climate performance was for the country. The war has caused massive damage and de-
the second time not assessed. This decision was due to struction in the energy, industry, transport and construc-
the far-reaching impact of Russia's aggressive war against tion sectors.
29
5. About the CCPI

Country coverage: covering more Compatibility of countries’ performance
than 90% of global GHG emissions with well-below-2°C pathway and NDC
analysis
On the basis of standardised criteria, the CCPI currently
evaluates and compares the climate protection perfor- In 2017, the methodology of the CCPI was revised to fully
mance of 63 countries and of the European Union (EU), incorporate the 2015 Paris Agreement, a milestone in inter-
which are together responsible for more than 90% of global national climate negotiations with the goal to limit global
greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. warming to well below 2°C or even to 1.5°C. Since then,
the CCPI includes an assessment of the well-below 2°C
compatibility of countries’ current performances and their
Methodological approach
own targets (as formulated in their Nationally Determined
and data sources Contributions, or NDCs). Within the quantitative index cate-
The CCPI assesses countries’ performance in four gories – “GHG Emissions”, “Renewable Energy” and “Energy
categories: Use” – current performance and the respective 2030 target
are evaluated in relation to their country-specific well-
“GHG Emissions” (40% of overall score), below-2°C pathway. For the well-below-2°C pathways,
ambitious benchmarks are set for each category, guided
“Renewable Energy” (20% of overall score), by the long-term goals of the Paris Agreement. The three
benchmarks are: nearly zero GHG emissions (taking into
account country-specific pathways, which give develop-
“Energy Use” (20% of overall score) and
ing countries more time to reach this goal); 100% energy
from renewable sources; and keeping to today’s average
“Climate Policy” (20% of overall score).
global energy use per capita levels and not increasing
beyond. The CCPI compares where countries actually are
Aiming to provide a comprehensive and balanced evalua- today with where they should be to meet the ambitious
tion of the diverse countries evaluated, a total of 14 indi- benchmarks. Following a similar logic, the CCPI evaluates
cators are taken into account (see figure below). Around the countries’ own 2030 targets by comparing these to the
80% of the assessment of countries’ performance is same benchmarks.
based on quantitative data taken from the International
Energy Agency (IEA), PRIMAP, the Food and Agriculture
Organization (FAO) and the national GHG inventories (sub- Interpretation of results
mitted to the UNFCCC). The categories “GHG Emissions”,
In interpreting the results, it is important to note that the
“Renewable Energy” and “Energy Use” are each defined by
CCPI is calculated using production-based emissions only.
four indicators: (1) Current Level; (2) Past Trend;13 (3) well-
Thereby the CCPI follows the currently prevailing method
below 2°C Compatibility of the Current Level; and (4) well-
of accounting for national emissions and the logic that
below 2°C Compatibility of the Countries’ 2030 Target. The
the nation producing the emissions is also the one held
remaining 20% of the assessment is based on the glob-
accountable for them. Further, it is important to note that
ally unique climate policy section of the CCPI. The index
more than half of the CCPI ranking indicators are quali-
category “Climate Policy” considers the fact that climate
fied in relative terms (better/worse) rather than absolute.
protection measures taken by governments often take sev-
Therefore even those countries with high rankings have no
eral years to have an effect on the emissions, renewable
reason to sit back and relax. On the contrary, the results
energy and energy use indicators. This category thereby
illustrate that even if all countries were as committed as
covers the most recent developments in national climate
the current frontrunners, efforts would still not be sufficient
policy frameworks, which are otherwise not projected in
to prevent dangerous climate change.
the quantitative data. This category’s indicators are (1)
National Climate Policy and (2) International Climate Policy,
and the qualitative data for these is assessed annually in a
comprehensive research study. Its basis is the performance  More detailed information on the CCPI methodology
rating provided by climate and energy policy experts from and its calculation can be found in the “Background
non-governmental organisations (NGOs), universities and and Methodology” brochure, available for download
think tanks within the countries that are evaluated.14 at: www.ccpi.org/methodology
* All Kyoto gases (CO2, CH4, N2O, HFKW, PFKW and SF6) including the emissions coming from Land Use, Land Use Change and Forestry (LULUCF).
30
Components of the CCPI
International Climate Policy Current Level of GHG Emissions

10% 10%
per Capita
National Climate Policy Past Trend of GHG Emissions
10% 10% per Capita
20%
TPES/Capita 2030 Target Climate
compared to a well-below-2°C 40%
Policy GHG
compatible pathway 5% Current Level of GHG Emissions
Emissions
20% 10% per Capita compared to a well-
Current Level of TPES/Capita below-2°C compatible pathway
5% Energy
compared to a well-below-2°C
Use
compatible pathway 20%
5% Renewable
Past Trend of TPES/Capita Energy 10% GHG Emissions Reduction
5% 2030 Target compared to a well-
Current Level of Energy Use below-2°C compatible pathway
(TPES/Capita) 5% 5%
5% 5%
Renewable Energy 2030 Target compared Current Share of Renewables per TPES
to a well-below-2°C compatible pathway
Current Share of Renewables per TPES compared Development of Energy Supply

to a well-below-2°C compatible pathway from Renewable Energy Sources
GHG = Greenhouse Gases | TPES = Total Primary Energy Supply © Germanwatch 2023
• Financial Market Cycle of the season:

• Media Response
IMPACT
• Science
• Civil Society
How the CCPI is built Most emitting nations responsible
for more than 90% of global GHG
• Government emissions
• Country Ranking
• Detailed
RESULT Country Pages
pact 63 c
• Presentation at
& Im ou
UN climate talks lt n
su
tri
Re
es+
EU
80% of the assessment is based

on quantitative data from:
M et
ta
• International Energy Agency

Da
do (IEA)
ho
log • PRIMAP
y
• Food and Agriculture
Using standardised criteria, the Organization (FAO)
CCPI looks at 14 indicators • national GHG inventories
in the following four categories: submitted to the UNFCCC
40% GHG Emissions/Capita 20% of the assessment is based

on own data from an annual sur-
20% Renewables/Energy Supply
vey of 450 experts worldwide
20% Energy Supply/Capita
20% Climate Policy
© Germanwatch 2023
The CCPI aims to analyse whether countries are on track to fulfill their promises and obligations to combat the climate crises. Over the
years, the index has developed into an important reference for science, media, civil society groups, and the financial market.
31
6. Endnotes
1 IRENA (2023), Renewable Capacity Statistics 2023. Available at: https://www.irena.org/Publications/2023/Mar/Renewable-capacity-
statistics-2023.
2 IRENA (2023), Renewable Power Generation Costs in 2022. Available at: https://www.irena.org/Publications/2023/Aug/Renewable-Power-
Generation-Costs-in-2022.
3 IRENA (2023), COP28, IRENA and Global Renewables Alliance outline roadmap at Pre-COP on fast-tracking the energy transition by
tripling renewable power and doubling energy efficiency by 2030, Joint Press Release. Available at: https://www.irena.org/News/pressre-
leases/2023/Oct/COP28-IRENA-and-Global-Renewables-Alliance-outline-roadmap-at-Pre-COP.
4 IMF, Fossil Fuel Subsidies. Available at: https://www.imf.org/en/Topics/climate-change/energy-subsidies.
5 IEA, World Energy Investment 2022: Overview and key findings. Available at: https://www.iea.org/reports/world-energy-investment-2022/
overview-and-key-findings.
6 Milman, O. (2023), “Monster profits” for energy giants reveal a self-destructive fossil fuel resurgence. Available at: https://www.theguardian.
com/environment/2023/feb/09/profits-energy-fossil-fuel-resurgence-climate-crisis-shell-exxon-bp-chevron-totalenergies.
7 IPCC (2021), AR 6 Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Available at: https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/.
8 NOAA (2023), Greenhouse gases continued to increase rapidly in 2022. Available at: https://www.noaa.gov/news-release/greenhouse-
gases-continued-to-increase-rapidly-in-2022.
9 IEA (2023), Renewable Energy Market Update – June 2023: Executive summary. Available at: https://www.iea.org/reports/renewable-
energy-market-update-june-2023/executive-summary.
10 See note 1.
11 See note 1.
12 Enerdata, Total energy consumption. Available at: https://yearbook.enerdata.net/total-energy/world-consumption-statistics.html.
13 The CCPI takes into account a five-year linear trend.
14 The survey for the CCPI 2024 was carried out between September and October 2023. The results therefore cover recent policy develop-
ments until mid of October.
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In particular, content of third parties is marked as such. Nevertheless, should you notice a breach of copyright, you
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32
Annex
List of contributors to the climate policy evaluation
About 450 climate and energy experts contributed to this year’s edition of the Climate Change Performance Index with
their evaluation of national climate policies and international climate policy performance. The following national experts
agreed to be mentioned as contributors to the policy evaluation of this year's CCPI:
Country Name Organisation
Algeria Mustapha Saadi Association les amis de l'environnement

Argentina Enrique Maurtua Konstantinidis
Australia BCSD Australia
Mark Ogge & Rod Campbell The Australia Institute
Dr Simon Bradshaw Climate Council of Australia
Climateworks Centre
Austria Forum Wissenschaft & Umwelt
Jasmin Duregger & Lisa Panhuber Greenpeace Austria
Belarus Ivan Filiutsich UNDP
Belgium Koen Stuyck WWF
Brazil Claudio Angelo, David Tsai & Stela Observatório do Clima
Herschmann
Ricardo Baitelo Instituto de Energia e Meio Ambiente
William Wills CentroClima/COPPE, Federal University of Rio
de Janeiro
Bulgaria Apostol Dyankov WWF Bulgaria
Canada Mitchell Beer Energy Mix Productions
Alex Cool-Fergus, Caroline Brouillet & Climate Action Network Canada
Pratishtha Singh
Julia Levin Environmental Defence Canada
John Bennett Friends of the Earth Canada
André Bélisle AQLPA
Chile Sam Leiva Fundación Territorios Colectivos
Cecilia Ibarra Centro de Ciencias del Clima y la Resiliencia
Chinese Taipei Gloria Kuang-Jung Hsu Mom Loves Taiwan Association
Environmental Quality Protection Foundation
Columbia Giovanni Pabon Transforma
Asociación Ambiente y Sociedad
Cyprus Terra Cypria - The Cyprus Conservation
Foundation
Czech Republic Jan Svoboda AMO - Asociace pro mezinárodní otázky
Karel Polanecký Friends of the Earth Czech Republic
Denmark Gunnar Boye Olesen SustainableEnergy
Dan Belusa Danish 92 Group
Christian Jarby Green Transition Denmark
Mattias Söderberg DanChurchAid
Tobias Johan Sorensen Denmark's Green think tank
Egypt Amena Sharaf
Estonia Tiit Kallaste Estonian Association of Hydrogen Technolo-
gies
33
EU Chiara Martinelli, Cornelia Maarfield & Climate Action Network (CAN) Europe
Klaus Röhrig
Elena Hofmann DNR
Germanwatch
Wendel Trio
Finland Veikko Sajaniemi Third Rock Finland Oy
Greece Alexandros Moulopoulos WWF Greece
Hungary András Lukács Clean Air Action Group
Adam Harmat WWF Hungary
András Perger Greenpeace Hungary
India Nakul Sharma Climate Action Network South Asia
Indonesia Putra Adhiguna Institute for Energy Economics and Financial
Analysis
Ahmad Ashov Birry Trend Asia
Fabby Tumiwa Institute for Essential Services Reform
Satrio Swandiko Prillianto
Ahmad Ashov Birry Trend Asia
Italy Mauro Albrizio Legambiente
Gianni Silvestrini Kyoto Club
Japan Kiko Network
Yuri Okubo Renewable Energy Institute
Kazakhstan Vladimir Grebnev CAREC
Dmitriy Kalmykov Karaganda Ecological Museum
Vadim Ni Socio-Ecological Fund
Kaisha Atakhanova Civil Society Development Association
Republic of Korea Jieon Lee Korea Federation for Environmental Move-
ments
Latvia Maksis Apinis Green Liberty
Malaysia Faizal Parish Global Environment Centre
Malta Suzanne Maas Friends of the Earth Malta
Mexico Mariana Gutiérrez Grados, Analuz Iniciativa Climática de México
Presbítero & Jorge Villarreal
Jose Maria Valenzuela InSIS & University of Oxford
Morocco Dr. Mohammed Saddik l'AESVT- MAROC
High Atlas Foundation
Naima Benazzi HAF
Prof. Touria Barradi
Rabiae Khamlichi Conseil de la Région Tanger-Tétouan-Al
Hoceima
Netherlands Sible Schöne HIER
New Zealand Jessica Palairet Lawyers for Climate Action NZ
Nick Henry Oxfam Aotearoa
Adam Currie 350 Aotearoa
David Tong Oil Change International
Dr Kayla Kingdon-Bebb WWF-New Zealand
Amanda Larsson Greenpeace Aotearoa
Nigeria Smith Nwokocha Voice of The Vulnerable
Michael David GIFSEP
34
Norway Aled Dilwyn Fisher Friends of the Earth Norway

(Naturvernforbundet)
Johan Hermstad Reinertsen & Embla The Future in our Hands (FIOH)
Husby Jørgensen
Pakistan Hussain Jarwar Indus Consortium
Azhar Qureshi Eco-Conservation Initiatives
Philippines John Leo Algo Aksyon Klima
Rei Panaligan Center for Renewable Energy and Sustainable
Technology
Rodne Galicha Living Laudato Si’ Philippines
Alaya de Leon, Niner Guiao & Nicole Parabukas
Torres
Jameela Joy Reyes Manila Observatory
Poland Andrzej Kassenberg & Wojciech Institute for Sustainable Development
Szymalski
Zofia Wetmańska & Aleksander Reform Institute
Śniegocki
Portugal ZERO – Association for the Earth Sustainability
Romania Laura Nazare Bankwatch Romania
Russian Federation Ekaterina Bliznetskaya MGIMO University
Michael Yulkin CarbonLab
Slovak Republic Katerina Chajdiakova Slovak Climate Initiative
Slovenia Umanotera - The Slovenian Foundation for
Sustainable Development
Focus Association for Sustainable
Development
South Africa Project 90 by 2030
James Reeler WWF South Africa
Spain Group of Scientists and Engineers for a Non
Nuclear Future
Mario Rodríguez Vargas Transición Justa y Alianzas Globales
Pablo Barrenechea Abecia Director de Acción Climática
Carlos Martinez Camarero Comisiones Obreras (CCOO)
Switzerland Georg Klingler Greenpeace Schweiz
Noe 21
Thailand Tara Buakamsri Greenpeace Thailand
Boonrod Yaowapruek Creagy
Wanun Permpibul Climate Watch Thailand
Turkey Ümit Şahin Istanbul Policy Center
Özlem Katısöz & Elif Cansu İlhan Climate Action Network Europe
United Arab Emirates Tobias Koch Circular Carbon Solutions Ltd.
United Kingdom WWF-UK
Uplift
CF Energy Research & Consulting UG
E3G
United States CF Energy Research & Consulting UG
Uzbekistan Nargis Kosimova Ecolog
Vietnam Hoang Tung Duong
35
Germanwatch NewClimate Institute
Following the motto of Observing. Analysing. Acting. NewClimate Institute is a non-profit think tank support-
Germanwatch has been actively promoting global equi- ing implementation of action against climate change in
ty and livelihood preservation since 1991. We focus on the context of sustainable development around the world.
the politics and economics of the Global North and their NewClimate Institute connects up-to-date research with
worldwide consequences. The situation of marginalised real world decision-making processes with a focus on
people in the Global South is the starting point for our international climate negotiations, national and sectoral
work. Together with our members and supporters, and climate action and corporate climate commitments.
with other actors in civil society, we strive to serve as a
strong lobbying force for sustainable development. We www.newclimate.org
aim at our goals by advocating for prevention of dangerous
climate change and its negative impacts, for guaranteeing
food security, and for corporate compliance with human
Climate Action Network

rights standards.
Germanwatch is funded by membership fees, donations,

programme funding from Stiftung Zukunftsfaehigkeit CAN members work to achieve this goal through informa-
(Foundation for Sustainability), and grants from public and tion exchange and the coordinated development of NGO
private donors. strategy on international, regional, and national climate
issues. CAN has regional network hubs that coordinate
You can also help us to achieve our goals by making an
these efforts around the world.
online donation:
www.germanwatch.org/en/donations CAN members place a high priority on both a healthy en-

vironment and development that “meets the needs of the
present without compromising the ability of future genera-
If you add the keyword
Climate Change Performance Index, tions to meet their own needs” (Brundtland Commission).
you can directly support the CCPI CAN’s vision is to protect the atmosphere while allowing
with your donation. for sustainable and equitable development worldwide.
www.climatenetwork.org
You can also make a donation via the following account:
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CCPI 2024 Results

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2024

1. Reinforce the Rise of Renewable Energy 4

2. Overall Results CCPI 2024 6

3. Key Country Results 16

4. Data Information & Disclaimer 29

5. About the CCPI 30

With financial support from

Jan Burck Thea Uhlich Christoph Bals

Niklas Höhne Leonardo Nascimento Tasneem Essop

Authors and acknowledgements

1. Reinforce the Rise of Renewable Energy

Renewable electricity targets shift in the right direction

Source: NewClimate Institute © Germanwatch 2023

2. Overall Results CCPI 2024

Top 3 remain empty as countries must

The world map shows the aggregated results and overall

â No country was strong enough in all categories to

â Fourteen EU countries are among the high and medium

The following sections look into the results for the

Climate Change Performance Index 2024 – Rating table

2.1 Category Results – GHG* Emissions

CCPI countries must have an emissions

The current IPCC synthesis report is clear: global emis-

â Sweden is the best-performing EU country, at 5th,

â For the first time, no EU country receives a very low

Greenhouse Gas Emissions – Rating table

2.2 Category Results – Renewable Energy

Renewables accelerate at a high pace

economic advantages drove the acceleration of renewable

 In 2022, 295 GW of capacity was installed globally,

â For the third year in a row, Norway receives a very high

â Algeria, Iran, and Uzbekistan are at the bottom of the

Renewable Energy – Rating table

2.3 Category Results – Energy Use*

Energy demand grows

previous year.12 In addition to expanding renewable energy,

â The United Kingdom, Mexico, India, and South Africa

Energy Use – Rating table

2.4 Category Results – Climate Policy

1.5°C target is still alive, but just barely

ficient to keep global warming within 1.5°C. Eight years

Decisive action is needed right now to close both the ambi-

â Hungary is the only remaining EU country with a very

Climate Policy – Rating table

3. Key Country Results

Last year’s evaluation of the country‘s progress was opti-

The experts call for additional measures to promote sus- Chile 11 6

ruling. This led to huge protests by Sami and young envi-

Consistent with our findings from the quantitative part of Germany 14 16

for technology transfer, more investments in climate-

The experts demand the urgent initiation of a just transi-

The country gets a low in the GHG Emissions, Renewable

Poland has not announced a long-term strategy to re-

Turkey still heavily depends on fossil fuels for energy. It

Turkey’s agricultural and forestry sectors suffer from a Japan 58 50

The CCPI experts note that in the G7 process, Japan

The CCPI country experts note that it’s been difficult

In 2019, Canada introduced a carbon price system. In