Kotlin is a versatile language great for enhancing Java projects and Android development. Ruby excels at web development with its expressive syntax. R is specialized for statistical computing and data analysis. While Ruby prioritizes readability, Kotlin allows for diverse applications with its null safety and concise code. R is best for data-centric tasks or statistics. These languages each have unique strengths for different types of projects.
Kotlin is a versatile language great for enhancing Java projects and Android development. Ruby excels at web development with its expressive syntax. R is specialized for statistical computing and data analysis. While Ruby prioritizes readability, Kotlin allows for diverse applications with its null safety and concise code. R is best for data-centric tasks or statistics. These languages each have unique strengths for different types of projects.
Kotlin is a versatile language great for enhancing Java projects and Android development. Ruby excels at web development with its expressive syntax. R is specialized for statistical computing and data analysis. While Ruby prioritizes readability, Kotlin allows for diverse applications with its null safety and concise code. R is best for data-centric tasks or statistics. These languages each have unique strengths for different types of projects.
Kotlin is a versatile language great for enhancing Java projects and Android development. Ruby excels at web development with its expressive syntax. R is specialized for statistical computing and data analysis. While Ruby prioritizes readability, Kotlin allows for diverse applications with its null safety and concise code. R is best for data-centric tasks or statistics. These languages each have unique strengths for different types of projects.
Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the course CSADPRG
Baltasar, Nico Andrei
Del Mundo, Rahmon Khayle Madrinan, Raico Luis
Romualdo JR. M. Bautista
November 25, 2023
Introduction In the programming language Kotlin, this language is designed by JetBrains. This language is statically typed and a modern programming language that runs on the Java Virtual Machine or JVM. Kotlin seamlessly integrates with existing Java codes, which makes it an excellent choice for developers who are aiming to enhance or improve their Java projects. This language can support both object-oriented and functional programming paradigms, which offer a pragmatic and concise syntax. It is used by millions of developers globally, and also it is the official language for Android development. This language is also gaining more popularity in other domains like web development, server-side programming, and embedded systems. This language can be used as well in data science and machine learning. The next language is Ruby, this language is already 30 years old and this language is a dynamic, object-oriented, and reflective programming language. This language emphasizes simplicity and productivity. It supports both procedural, object-oriented, and functional paradigms. This is also known for its elegant syntax and its dynamic typing as well. This language was created by Yukihiro Matsumoto in 1993, his language gained global recognition with the advent of the Ruby on Rails web framework in the mid-2000s. Because of its expressive syntax and its focus on satisfying the developer when coding which made it a popular choice for web development. This language excels in web development, particularly with the Ruby on Rails framework. The language's readability and flexibility make it more suitable for building scalable and maintainable applications, which emphasizes convention over configuration. Lastly is the programming language R, this language is mostly for statistical computing and graphics. This language supports functional, object-oriented, and procedural programming paradigms. R is dynamically typed and provides an extensive ecosystem of packages for statistical analysis, data manipulation, and visualization as well. This language was created by Robert Gentleman and Ross Ihaka in 1993. This language has become a cornerstone in statistical computing and data analysis. This language is mostly used by data scientists, statisticians, and researchers as well. This language is mostly used in descriptive statistics, finance, data analysis, data visualization, statistical modeling, and a lot more that mostly requires statistics.
Language Comparison Kotlin's seven main features are intended to provide a modern and short syntax that improves code readability and maintainability. Null safety ensures more dependable and sturdy code by addressing a well-known source of bugs. With coding that can be expressive, developers can more easily communicate intricate concepts, promoting a more intuitive understanding of the codebase. Modern language features provide developers with sophisticated capabilities, but compatibility issues may arise when integrating with older systems. Because of Java interoperability, projects with existing Java code can transition more easily; however, subtleties in feature mapping must be carefully considered. The ability of Kotlin to transpile to JavaScript enables code sharing between the frontend and backend, but debugging transpiled code can be difficult. Although it has a smaller community than Java or JavaScript, the native conversion feature allows compilation to native binaries which improves performance. Figure 1: Null Safety (Kotlin)
For Ruby, The dynamic flexibility and interpreted nature make it ideal for developers looking for a fast-paced development environment with flexible code structures. The language's emphasis on expressiveness and readability improves human comprehension of the code. However, interpreted languages may execute more slowly than compiled languages, and because they are dynamic, they may introduce type-related errors that are visible only during runtime. Its emphasis on readability encourages clear code, but this can and would lead to verbosity for some cases.
Figure 3: Dynamic & Flexibility (Ruby)
Figure 4: Readability & Expressiveness (Ruby)
R on the other hand, is a programming language designed for statistical computing, data analysis, and machine learning because of its expertise in these areas. It can use a variety of statistical packages to simplify computed analysis. However, the language's narrow focus limits its utility to statistical and data-centric tasks, making it less suitable for developing general all-around software but this can be embedded with other programming languages.
Figure 5: Statistical computing (R)
Figure 5.1: Scatter plot code (R)
Figure 5.2: Printing (R)
Several trends affecting the software development process emerge from the evaluation of these programming languages. While Ruby's interpreted nature and readability encourage faster development cycles and code comprehension, Kotlin's expressive syntax, null safety, and concise code contribute to cleaner, faster development. However, distinct features such as dynamic typing in Ruby and null safety in Kotlin may force developers to change their approaches and ways of thinking. Despite being powerful, R's specialised characteristics limit its application to specific use situations for data science which can be integrated as well for both of these programming languages.
3. Weekly Payroll System (Kotlin)
Our main functionality of our Weekly Payroll System is made in Kotlin that features: Calculate Day Salary, Determine Day Type, Update Payroll Configuration, and Update Work hours.
Conclusion This concludes that Kotlin is a versatile language that is great for enhancing Java projects and Android development. Then Ruby excels in web development with its expressive syntax. Then R is mostly specialized for statistical computing and data analysis. As you can see Kotlin is also ideal for diverse applications. Ruby is also great for web projects prioritizing readability, and R is a must for data-centric tasks or statistics. Lastly, these languages have their unique strengths but it's not just them since there are a lot of programming languages that people use, not just these 3 languages but there are a lot, like a lot of programming languages. As you can see for programming language R it's a little bit complicated since R is used for statistics or data analysis. This language is more of a straightforward program, meaning this program is more suitable when the values are already given and don't have to ask for user input. While in Kotlin it can be appropriate in the application since it is like an extension of Java and we all know Java is a good programming language as well including having GUI as well. Ruby can be also appropriate in the application since it can be ideal for developers looking for a fast-paced development environment with flexible code structures but its interpreted language may execute more slowly than compiled languages and due to it being dynamic it may introduce type-related errors that may be visible only during runtime. References
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