This document discusses research methods and ethics. It covers quantitative and qualitative study designs, including surveys, experiments, case studies, and observational research. It also addresses philosophical approaches like phenomenology and interpretivism. Key ethical considerations are outlined, such as confidentiality, anonymity, equality, and avoiding misinformation. Paradigm shifts in scientific thinking and post-colonialism are briefly covered as well.
This document discusses research methods and ethics. It covers quantitative and qualitative study designs, including surveys, experiments, case studies, and observational research. It also addresses philosophical approaches like phenomenology and interpretivism. Key ethical considerations are outlined, such as confidentiality, anonymity, equality, and avoiding misinformation. Paradigm shifts in scientific thinking and post-colonialism are briefly covered as well.
This document discusses research methods and ethics. It covers quantitative and qualitative study designs, including surveys, experiments, case studies, and observational research. It also addresses philosophical approaches like phenomenology and interpretivism. Key ethical considerations are outlined, such as confidentiality, anonymity, equality, and avoiding misinformation. Paradigm shifts in scientific thinking and post-colonialism are briefly covered as well.
This document discusses research methods and ethics. It covers quantitative and qualitative study designs, including surveys, experiments, case studies, and observational research. It also addresses philosophical approaches like phenomenology and interpretivism. Key ethical considerations are outlined, such as confidentiality, anonymity, equality, and avoiding misinformation. Paradigm shifts in scientific thinking and post-colonialism are briefly covered as well.
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ETHICS AND RESEARCH Foundations are from writings of Edmund
QUANTITATIVE STUDY Husserl( German philosopher –father of
Numbers phenomenology) Statistical test Experiences can be bracketed or detached to each individual Survey (cross-sectional) 2. Interpretive Conceptual or theoretical framework Foundations are from the writings of Martin QUALITATIVE STUDY Heidegger(German philosopher Narrative text Impossible to detach oneself to other individuals Working framework experiences Flexible components 3. Ethnography Can change Immerse self to community Confounding variable- variable outside the study that shows different Do participant observation relationship Regression Analysis – controls confounding variable Concept of culture(not statistic changing
Theoretical/ Conceptual framework
For Quantitative study POST COLONIALISM Working Framework - Experiences of colonization - Beliefs and races pf colonialism still seen in contemporary world For Qualitative study - Power imbalance are seen Results can change - Scholars do their best to decolonize ways of thinking of post colonialism EPIDEMIOLOGY STUDY DESIGN Feudalism 1. Case Control Decolonization- exposed information unconsciously studying rare diseases Mary Seacole- Jamaican nurse who contributed during war ex: comparing of a person with disease and a person with no disease COMODIFICATION OF CULTURE 2. Cohort studies -significance is lost Following group of individuals Continuous collection and monitoring of data PARADIGM Lengthy Thomas Kuhn (Harvard Scholar) Doing follow- ups Ways of looking into the world 3. Cross-sectional Why existing theories cannot cover all anomalies/ new Survey phenomenon Analyze data from different statistics/ analysis in one Book Title: The structure of Scientific revolutions point Paradigm shift: Snapshot of a particular phenomenon Ex: Cupernicus believed that the earth is the Ex: Want to know kidney disease from 2010 and you center of the solar system while Galileo believed check same source of record that the sun is the center of the solar system. With 4. RTC (Randomized Control Trial) diff ideas the church did not allow Galileo as he is Gold standard spreading the info to people. Cause and effect Ex: Effect of vaccine in certain age group ETHICAL ISSUES 5. Meta-analysis 1. Confidentiality Combination of results of different studies identifiable characteristics Overall effect identity can be traced since characteristics were Similarities of data mentioned 2. Anonymity 6.Systemic Review Cannot trace identity of participants No quantitative data Even researchers cannot identify the participants Has variables identity ANALYZATION OF: Both protects identity QUALITATIVE STUDY 1. Equality 1. Framework Analysis Same set of resources 2. Thematic Analysis- no existing framework 2. Equity QUANTITATIVE STUDY Consider different socioeconomic status 1. SPSS(Statistical Package for social Sciences Knowing individual differences Needs subscription fees to access Difficult to access 1. Misinformation 2. Jamovi Accidentally/ Unconsciously sharing of wrong Open access information Computer Sciences were the ones using since they are 2. Disinformation already not using SPSS Intentional/Deliberate sharing of wrong information 3. LEARNING SOFTWARE a. Chat GPT Universal Health Care Act b. Coursera- platform/ open discussion - Centralized healthcare act