Lecture 22

TV News Reporting and
Production
Lecture # 22
Mr Uzair Ahmed
Technical Codes, Terminology, and
Production Grammar
TV Production
TV production is the process of making a
programme, from an initial story idea or
commission through scriptwriting, shooting,
editing and finally distribution to an audience.
Typically it involves a large number of people
and can take anywhere between a few months
and several years to complete.
Stages in TV Production
Pre-Production
Preparation for the shoot, in which cast and crew are hired,
locations are selected, and sets are built.
Production
The raw elements for the finished film are recorded.
Post-Production
The film is edited, sound effects, music and any computer

effects are added, and the film is completed.
Creativity
Creativity (or creativeness) is a mental process
involving the generation of new ideas or
concepts, or new associations between existing
ideas or concepts.
Idea
It is the plan of action, a general notion,
conception, comprehension, construct, thing,
formed in the mind, directly conceived or intuited
object of thought or something formed by
mentally combining all its characteristics or
particulars.
Idea
An idea is an image, also concept or abstraction
formed and existing in the mind. Human
capability to contemplate ideas is associated
with the ability of reasoning, self-reflection, and
the ability to acquire and apply intellect.
Concept
Concepts are expected to be useful in dealing

with reality.
Research
 Research is constant navigation to know the
truth.
 Research is continuous effort to dig out facts.
 Research is an endeavour to find something
new.
 Research is making new interpretation of
existing knowledge.
 Research is an addition to already present
knowledge.
Script / Screenplay
A screenplay or script is an outline, written by a

screenwriter, for a film or television program.
Screenplays can be original works or
adaptations from existing works such as novels.
Script
Screenplay
A screenplay differs from a script in that it is
more specifically targeted at the visual, narrative
arts, such as film and television, whereas a
script can involve an outline of "what happens"
in a comic, an advertisement, a theatrical play
and other creations.
Survey for Location
The location manager finds and manages the
film locations. Most pictures are shot in the
predictable environment of a studio sound stage
but occasionally outdoor sequences will call for
filming on location.
Casting
The process of talent hunt for anty programme is
casting. The casting director finds actors for the
parts in the script. This normally requires an
audition by the actor. Lead actors are carefully
chosen and are often based on the actor's
reputation or "star power.
Rehearsal
The actors rehearse their script and blocking
with the director. The picture and sound crews
then rehearse with the actors. Finally, the action
is shot with as many takes as the director
wishes.
Cameraman
One or more camera operators who operate the
television cameras, though in some instances
these can also be operated from Production
Control Room using remote heads.
Frame
Frame is one of the many single photographic

images in a motion picture.
Shots
Shot (film) is part of a film between two cuts.

Microphone
A microphone, sometimes referred to as a mike
or mic is an acoustic to electric transducer or
sensor that converts sound into an electrical
signal.
Switcher / Vision Mixer
A vision mixer (also called video switcher, video

mixer or production switcher) is a device used to
select between several different video sources
and in some cases composite (mix) video
sources together and add special effects. This is
similar to what a mixing console does for audio.
Camera Control Unit
It is technical director's station, with waveform

monitors, vectorscopes and the camera control
units or remote control panels for the camera
control units (CCUs).
Audio Mixing Console
Audio mixing console and other audio equipment

such as effects devices, character generator
creates the majority of the names and full screen
graphics that are inserted into the program and
digital video effects and/or still frame devices.
Videotape
Videotape is a means of recording images and
sound onto magnetic tape as opposed to movie
film. In virtually all cases, a helical scan video
head rotates against the moving tape to record
the data in two dimensions.
Encoding and Decoding
News
Teleprompter
Teleprompter
A teleprompter (also known as an autocue) is a

display device that prompts the person speaking
with an electronic visual text of a speech or
script. Using a teleprompter is similar to the
practice of using cue cards.
The screen is in front of the lens of the camera,
and the words on the screen are reflected to the
eyes of the speaker using a one-way mirror.
Electronic News Gathering
(ENG)
ENG is a broadcasting (usually television)

industry acronym which stands for electronic
news gathering. It can mean anything from a
lone reporter taking a single camcorder out to
get a story to an entire television crew taking a
satellite truck on location to do a live report for a
newscast.
Digital Satellite News Gathering
(DSNG)
Electronic Field Production
(EFP)
Electronic field production (EFP) is a television

industry term referring to television production
which takes place outside of a formal studio, in a
practical location or special venue.
Some typical applications of electronic field
production include, awards shows, concerts,
major newsmaker interviews, political
conventions and sporting events.
Video Editing
Non-Linear Editing System

Using computers with video editing software.
Linear Video Editing

Using videotape video editing is the process of re-
arranging or modifying segments of video to form
another piece of video.
Set Design
The production designer creates the look and
feel of the production sets and props working
with the art director to create these elements.
Set or Scenic design (also known as stage
design, set design or production design) is the
creation of theatrical scenery.
Panel
Control panel is a flat area containing controls

and indicators and may be associated with the
operation of any machinery.

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Lecture 22

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TV News Reporting and

The raw elements for the finished film are recorded.

The film is edited, sound effects, music and any computer

Concepts are expected to be useful in dealing

A screenplay or script is an outline, written by a

Frame is one of the many single photographic

Shot (film) is part of a film between two cuts.

A vision mixer (also called video switcher, video

It is technical director's station, with waveform

Audio mixing console and other audio equipment

A teleprompter (also known as an autocue) is a

ENG is a broadcasting (usually television)

Electronic field production (EFP) is a television

Non-Linear Editing System

Linear Video Editing

Control panel is a flat area containing controls

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