Consumer Chemistry 9 Module 2 Organic Compounds
Consumer Chemistry 9 Module 2 Organic Compounds
Consumer Chemistry 9 Module 2 Organic Compounds
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Consumer Chemistry
Quarter 1- Module 2
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
Region I
ALAMINOS CITY DIVISION
Alaminos City, Pangasinan
Project Write, Write, Write
Alternative Instructional
Module
CONSUMER CHEMISTRY 9
Alternative Instructional Module
Quarter 1 – Module 1: ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
First Edition, 2020
Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the
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Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks,
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exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners.
The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them.
Wilfredo E. Sindayen
Division CID Chief
Consumer Chemistry
Quarter 1 – Module 2
Organic Compounds
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:
This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators both from public
and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in helping the learners meet the
standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their personal, social, and economic
constraints in schooling.
This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent learning activities at
their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century
skills while taking into consideration their needs and circumstances.
In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of the module:
As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module. You also need to
keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage their own learning. Furthermore,
you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to depict skill, action
and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and accomplish. Hence, the hand in this
learning resource signifies that you as a learner is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the
relevant competencies and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in your own
hands!
This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for guided and
independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to process the contents of the
learning resource while being an active learner.
1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the module. Use a
separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities included in the
module.
5. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult
your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not alone.
We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and gain deep
understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!
Are you aware that your body is made up of organic compounds? Your skin, hair,
muscles, heart, lungs and other organs are all made from organic. Most of the products we are
using like medicines, clothing, school supplies, and wood and plastic furniture are all
manufactured from organic chemicals. The food you eat during breakfast, lunch and dinner
like rice, chicken adobo, fruit and vegetable salad, sugar, milk, chocolates are made from
organic compounds. If you look out a window, the beautiful flowers, green grasses, tall trees,
birds and insects you may see are also composed of organic compounds.
In this module, you will study a variety of organic compounds. It will help you
differentiate between organic compounds and inorganic compounds based on some
properties.
Understand of key concepts in organic chemistry, and the uses and benefits of
organic compounds to one’s health, industry, and the environment.
After using this module, you are expected to attain the following objectives
Compare the properties of organic and inorganic compounds
Explain the property of carbon to form single and multiple bonds in terms of
hybridization
Identify the hybrid orbitals of carbon and the number of sigma and pi bonds in a
molecule
Are you now ready to learn about organic compounds? Good! Have fun learning!
What I Know
Direction: Read the following questions carefully and write only the letter of the correct
answer on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Organic compounds are ______ based molecules.
A. Carbon C. Oxygen
B. Hydrogen D. Nitrogen
9. In the hybridization of carbon, sp3, sp2 and sp are the hybrid orbitals of C. How many
sigma and pi bonds are formed by sp3 orbitals?
A. 1 sigma and 1 pi bonds
B. 2 sigma and 2 pi bonds
C. 4 sigma bonds
D. 4 pi bonds
10. How many pi and sigma bonds does the compound have? H2C = HC – CH2 – CH3
A. 11 sigma bonds and 1 pi bond
B. 10 sigma bonds and 2 pi bonds
C. 5 sigma bonds and 4 pi bonds
D. 8 sigma bonds and 1 pi bond
11. Which of the following shows the correct covalent bonding pattern of carbon with other
elements?
A. = C = C. – C –
B. ≡ C = D. – C =
12. What type of hybrid exists between carbon – carbon in the structure of this compound:
H2C=CH2?
A. sp3 - sp3 C. sp -sp
2 2
B. sp - sp D. sp - sp2
13. Organic compounds are formed by covalent bonding of carbon with carbon and other
elements. What is covalent bonding?
A. It is the sharing of electrons between atoms
B. It is the free flow of electrons within an atom
C. It sis the transferring and sharing of electrons among atoms
D. It is the transferring of electrons from one atom to another atom.
14. Which of the following compounds shows sp2 - sp2 - sp2 type of hybrid between its C-C?
A. H2C = C = CH2
B. HC ≡ C – CH3
C. H3C – CH2 – CH3
D. H3C – CH = CH2
15. Which of the following statements explain why carbon is able to form more compounds
than any other element?
I. It can form single, double or triple bonds to other carbon atoms
II. It can form other structures from the same formula
III. It cannot be decomposed easily.
IV. It can branched and form cyclic with other carbons
A. I, II, III B. II, III & IV C. I, II & IV D. I, III &IV
Try to remember the questions which you were not able to answer as you read the
module and perform the activities and exercises. Find the answers to these questions in the
lessons that follow. Have a great day of learning!
What’s In
Before knowing the differences between organic and inorganic compounds, let’s
recall first some compounds, the elements, their symbols and their group numbers in the
periodic table.
Activity 1. Let’s Talk About the Elements
Direction: Complete the table by filling – up columns 2 (elements and their symbols) and 3
(group number).
In the above activity, you have identified the elements present in the given
compounds. Compounds are chemical combinations of elements and they can be classified
into organic and inorganic. Do you know their differences? Let’s find out in the next activity.
What’s New
Organic Chemistry deals with the study of organic compounds. Organic compounds
differ from inorganic compounds in terms of their properties, source of origin and chemical
formulas.
Activity 2: Organic Compounds VS Inorganic Compounds
Objective: After performing this activity, you should be able to compare organic and
inorganic compounds.
Material: paper and pencil
Procedure:
A. Identify which of the following properties belong to organic or inorganic compounds.
Write OC if it is organic compound or IC if it is Inorganic compound
1. Solution in water generally do not conduct electricity
2. Mostly ionic bonding
3. Are gases, liquids or solids with low melting points
4. Mostly insoluble in water (hydrophobic)
5. Slow to react with other chemicals
B. Classify the following materials as organic or inorganic compounds.
1. 4.
2. 5.
3.
6.
What is It
Early scientists defined organic compounds as compounds that originate from living
things. In 1828, however, the German chemist Friedrich Wohler (1800–1882) made an
organic compound called urea, CO(NH2)2, out of an inorganic compound called ammonium
cyanate, NH4CN. Urea is found in the urine of mammals. This was the first time in history
that a compound normally made only by living things was made from a non-living substance.
How do you tell the difference between an organic and an inorganic Compound?
In addition to the presence of carbon and the source of origin, organic and inorganic
compounds exhibit unique properties that differ from one another. Table 1 summarizes the
chemical and physical properties of substances.
Organic compounds are made up of the element CARBON. However, there are
compounds that inorganic even though they have carbon. These include the compounds
which contain the following: cyanides (-HCN), carbonates (-CO 3), bicarbonates (-HCO3) and
oxides of carbon (carbon dioxide CO2, and carbon monoxide CO)
Organic compounds are typically chains or rings of carbon atoms that contain other
elements such as O, N, P, S, Cl, Br and I. There are over five million of these compounds
known today and an almost infinite number of new compounds could possibly be
synthesized. This can be compared to the total number of inorganic compounds, which is
approximately half a million.
2. Synthesis: Substances no longer obtained directly from nature. They are manufactured in
laboratories from organic starting materials.
Examples: fibers, vegetable oils, animal oils and fats, alkaloids, cellulose, starch, sugars,
3. Fermentation: They are derived by the action of microorganisms upon organic matter.
Examples: Alcohols, acetone, glycerol, antibiotics, acids
What’s New
Carbon is a non-metal and is the basic component of organic compounds.
Let’s familiarize with the element carbon by doing the following activity.
Objective: After performing this activity, you should be able identify the properties of
carbon.
Procedure: Read and understand the poem, “I am Carbon and I am Special”. Then
answer the exercise below.
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My electrons are located in s and p orbitals What made me special? A query by all
In the periodic table, I belong to p-block Limitless bonding, man-made or natural
In each s orbital, there are 2 pairs of electrons Chain, straight. branched or ring
While in p orbital 2 are unpaired electrons. Millions are formed with hydrogen.one
2. Draw the energy levels and identify the shell and valence electrons of carbon.
1s 2s 2p
a. CH4 b. CCl4
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What is It
As a group 4A element, carbon atoms can share four valence electrons. Each carbon
atom usually forms a total of four covalent bonds. Thus, a carbon atom can connect to as
many as four other atoms. Carbon can bond to many other types of atoms, including
hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen.
1 single H – or –H
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What’s New
A carbon atom has the electron configuration of 1s 2 2s 2 2p 2, meaning that it has two
unpaired electrons in its 2p orbitals. We would expect to form only two covalent bonds.
However, experimental data show that carbon forms four covalent bonds such as in CH4 .
As shown in the orbital notation of carbon below, there is a mixing of the 2s orbitals
and the 2p orbitals. Thus, it can generate four equivalent hybrid orbitals (sp3 = 1 s and 3p)
. ↑↓ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑
The three types of hybrid orbital of carbon are sp 3, sp2 and sp. A single bond between
the two carbons forms sp3 hybrid orbital. A double bond forms sp 2 hybrid orbital while a
triple bond forms sp hybrid orbital.
C - C ( sp3 - sp3) C = C ( sp2 –sp2) C ≡ C ( sp – sp)
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A. Identify the hybrid orbitals in each of the carbon atoms in the following molecules.
Example:
1. 2.
3.
What is It
Hybridization is the term applied to the mixing of atomic orbitals in an atom (usually
the central atom) to generate a set of hybrid orbitals. Hybrid orbitals are atomic orbitals
obtained when two or more non-equivalence orbitals of the same atom combine in
preparation for covalent bond formation.
There are 4 types of hybrid orbitals. These include the following:
A. Carbon - sp3 Hybridized
Ground State Excited State
C- ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑
6 ↑↓ ↑
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Carbon can form double bond with sp2 hybrid orbital and one p orbital
as in ethene (C2H2). The p orbitals from the two carbon atoms are parallel to
each other. The bonding between p orbitals in parallel arrangement is called pi
(π) bond. A double bond is formed from one sigma (σ) bond and one pi (π)
bond
C. Carbon - sp Hybridized
Ground State Excited State
↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑
6C- ↑↓ ↑
sp hybridized unhybridize
orbitals orbitals
What’s More
You have learned in this module the properties of organic compounds and its main
component element, carbon. The hybridization of carbon explains why it can form covalently
in chains and ring with another carbon or with other elements.
Let’s have some activities for you to understand further about the topic.
Activity 5. It Makes a Difference!
Objective: After doing this activity, you should be able to differentiate organic and inorganic
compounds
A. Direction: Make a foldable to compare organic and inorganic compounds based on
some properties. Select your answers from the box.
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Type of Bonding
Melting point
Boiling Point
Physical State
Flammability
Solubility in water
Conductivity in aqueous solution
Reactivity
B. Direction: Look for the10 common organic and inorganic compounds found in the
word grid. They are arranged horizontally, diagonally, vertically and backward. Then,
classify them as organic or inorganic compounds.
S L N Y L O N O I Q W
U Y R E B B U R S L A
C E C T T V O S A O T
R S A L T N U I P H E
O X K C O N N L Y O R
S X K X K O V I K C I
E O I U M M B C B L I
U D R M R O S A Z A T
E P A S T A R C H L E
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A. Direction: Fill in the boxes by writing the letters that will form words found in the
topic “CARBON” Refer to the given clues below.
1
C
2
A
3
R
4
B
5
O
6
. N
Clues:
1. ________ bond is formed by sharing two pairs of electron
2. A triple bond consists of one _____ bond and two pi bonds
3. There are maximum 2 electrons of carbon found in each ________ .
4. Mixing of two non-equivalence orbitals is called _____ orbitals
5. Carbon has the ability to form long ____ with another carbon or elements
6. There are 6 _____ electrons in the outermost shell of carbon atom
B. Direction: Identify the type of hybrid orbitals (sp, sp2, sp3) of C – C bond and the number
of sigma and pi bonds in each of the following molecules.
1. H H H H
l l I l
H–C–C=C=C–C–H
l l
H H
2. H H H H
l l I l
H–C=C–C=C–C≡C–H
CONGRATULATIONS! You are almost done with this module. Have you gain much
knowledge from the different lessons in this module? Now, let’s summarize what you have
learned.
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What I Can Do
Direction: Read and understand the paragraph below. Then answer the question in
your own words.
With numerous ways of bonding and complexity, carbon atoms can form a multitude
of different compounds. More than 16, 000, 000 are known compared to inorganic
compounds which are about 600, 000. Chemists make thousands of new compounds every
year, about 90% of which contain carbon and an almost infinite number of new compounds
could possibly be synthesized. The wastes produced in the processing of natural organic
materials and from the synthetic organic and fermentation industries constitute a major part of
the industrial and hazardous waste problems that environmental engineers and scientists are
called upon to solve.
As a responsible student in consumer chemistry, how can you help solve this problem?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
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Assessment
Direction: Read the following questions carefully and write only the letter of the correct
answer on a separate sheet of paper.
1. What are organic compounds?
A. Organic compounds are based on carbon, and they usually contain carbon-nitrogen
and carbon-silicon bonds.
B. Organic compounds are based on nitrogen, and they usually contain carbon-nitrogen
and carbon-hydrogen bonds.
C. Organic compounds are based on carbon, and they usually contain carbon- hydrogen
and carbon-carbon bonds.
D. Organic compounds are based on hydrogen, and they usually contain carbon
hydrogen and carbon-oxygen bonds.
2. In the hybridization of carbon, sp3, sp2 and sp are the hybrid orbitals of C. How many
sigma and pi bonds are formed by sp2 orbitals?
A. 1 sigma and 1 pi bonds
B. 2 sigma and 2 pi bonds
C. 4 sigma bonds
D. 4 pi bonds
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7. Which of the following shows the correct covalent bonding pattern of carbon with other
elements?
A. = C =
B. ≡ C =
C. – C =
D. – C –
9. How many pi and sigma bonds does the compound have? H2C = HC – CH2 – CH3
A. 11 sigma and 1 pi
B. 10 sigma and 2 pi
C. 5 sigma and 4 pi
D. 8 sigma and 1 pi
10. What type of hybrid exists between carbon – carbon in the structure of this compound:
HC ≡ CH?
A. sp3 – sp3
B. sp2 – sp2
C. sp – sp
D. sp – sp2
11. The electron configuration of carbon is 1s2 2s2 2p4. What is its period and group number?
A. Period 1, Group IV
B. Period 1, Group VI
C. Period 2, Group IV
D. Period 2, Group VI
12. Organic compounds are formed by covalent bonding of carbon with carbon and other
elements. What is covalent bonding?
A. It is the sharing of electrons between atoms
B. It is the free flow of electrons within an atom
C. It sis the transferring and sharing of electrons among atoms
D. It is the transferring of electrons from one atom to another atom
13. Which of the following statements explain why carbon is able to form more compounds
than any other element?
I. It can form single, double or triple bonds to other carbon atoms
II. It can form other structures from the same formula
III. It cannot be decomposed easily.
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15. Which of the following compounds shows sp3 - sp2 - sp2 type of hybrid between its C-C?
A. H2C = C = CH2
B. HC ≡ C – CH3
C. H3C – CH2 – CH3
D. H3C – CH = CH2
Additional Activities
HYBRID ORBITALS
A. Direction: Identify the hybrid orbitals in each of the carbon atoms in the following
molecules.
Ex: CH3 - CH2 - CH = CH - CH2 - CH3
1 2 3 4 5 6
sp3 sp3 sp2 sp2 sp3 sp3
1. H3C – CH3
2. H3C – CH = CH2
3. H3C – C ≡ C – CH2-OH
4. CH3 CH3CH = O
5. CH3COOH
B. Direction: Determine the number of sigma and pi bond in each of the following
molecules.
1.
H
I
Cl―C― Cl
I
H 21
H Cl
2. \ /
C = C
/ \
H H
N≡ C C≡ N
3. \ /
C = C
/ \
N≡C C ≡N
H H
l l
H―C―C = C ―C≡ C―H
4.
I I
H H
H H H H H
5.
l l l l l
H–C –C – C – C =C–H
l l l
H H H
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References
Brown, Theodore L, et. al. CHEMISTRY, The Central Science. USA: Prentice Hall
Publishing Inc. 2012
Bruice, Paula Y. Organic Chemistry, USA: The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 2000.
Carey, Francis A. Organic Chemistry, 4th edition, USA. The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
2000
Chang, Raymond CHEMISTRY, New York: MCGraw Hill Companies, Inc. 2007
Hoffman, Robert V. Organic Chemistry an Intermediate Text, Canada.John Wiley & Sons,
Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey. 2004
Magno, Marcelita C, et, al CHEMISTRY, Science and Technology Textbook for Third Year,
Quezon City: Vibal Publishing House Inc.
Mendoza, Estrella E, Religioso, Teresita F. You and the Natural World Series, Science and
Technology, CHEMISTRY. Quezon City: Phoenix Publishing House, Inc. 2000
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Email-Address: alaminos.city@deped.gov.ph