Full Download Test Bank For Radiographic Image Analysis 3rd Edition Martensen PDF Full Chapter
Full Download Test Bank For Radiographic Image Analysis 3rd Edition Martensen PDF Full Chapter
Full Download Test Bank For Radiographic Image Analysis 3rd Edition Martensen PDF Full Chapter
4. PA cranium
a. Laterally, on side being identified
b. Anteriorly, identifying side positioned closer to IR
c. Place marker anywhere within exposure field
d. Laterally, identifying side situated closer to the IR
ANS: A REF: 9
5. PA oblique vertebrae
a. Laterally, on side being identified
b. Anteriorly, identifying side positioned closer to IR
c. Place marker anywhere within exposure field
d. Laterally, identifying side situated closer to the IR
ANS: D REF: 9
6. Lateral hand
a. Laterally, on side being identified
b. Anteriorly, identifying side positioned closer to IR
c. Place marker anywhere within exposure field
d. Laterally, identifying side situated closer to the IR
ANS: C REF: 9
7. Which guideline below should be used to position the identification (ID) plate?
a. Place the ID plate within the collimated field whenever possible.
b. Position the ID plate toward the direction in which the central ray was angled.
c. Position the ID plate next to the narrowest anatomic structure.
ANS: C REF: 9
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Test Bank 1-3
10. For an open joint space to be obtained, the central ray must be aligned ____ to the joint.
a. perpendicular
b. parallel
ANS: B REF: 24
11. When the central ray is angled, the structure situated ____ the IR is projected the most.
a. farther away from
b. closer to
ANS: A REF: 20-21
Two images were obtained on the same structure. Image 1 was obtained using a 48-inch
source–image receptor distance (SID) and a 5-inch object–image receptor distance (OID),
and image 2 was obtained using a 48-inch SID and a 3-inch OID.
14. A small focal spot should be used for each of the following situations, except when
a. fine detail demonstration is important.
b. extremities are imaged.
c. the milliamperage setting is above 300.
d. the patient can control motion.
ANS: C REF: 27
15. Which technical factor listed below is primarily used to regulate density?
a. kVp
b. mAs
c. grids
d. distances (SID, OID)
ANS: B REF: 34
16. Which of the following technical factors is primarily used to regulate contrast?
a. kVp
b. mAs
Elsevier items and derived items © 2011, 2006 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Test Bank 1-4
c. grids
d. distances (SID, OID)
ANS: A REF: 46
18. An image demonstrating motion and adequate density was obtained using 100 mA at 0.5
seconds. If the time was changed to 0.25 seconds, what mA should be used to maintain
density?
a. 100 mA
b. 200 mA
c. 300 mA
d. 400 mA
ANS: B REF: 36
19. An AP abdomen projection was obtained using 85 kVp at 10 mAs. The resulting image
demonstrated excessively low contrast, although the density was acceptable. What new
technique could be used to obtain the projection with equal density but higher contrast?
a. 72 kVp at 10 mAs
b. 72 kVp at 20 mAs
c. 81 kVp at 13 mAs
d. 98 kVp at 5 mAs
ANS: B REF: 48
20. The processor defaced an AP foot projection obtained at 50 kVp at 30 mAs. Before
repeating the projection, the technologist noticed that the image was slightly overexposed
at the area of interest. It would not have been dark enough to cause it to need repeating.
What new technique should the technologist use when she repeats the projection?
a. 48 kVp at 30 mAs
b. 50 kVp at 15 mAs
c. 50 kVp at 21 mAs
d. 42 kVp at 30 mAs
ANS: C REF: 34
21. A patient stepped on a needle left in the carpet. Because only half the needle has been
located and the patient has pain in the foot where the needle penetrated, it is suspected
that the other half of the needle is still in the patient’s foot. If the average technique for a
lateral foot projection is 60 kVp at 75 mAs, what new technique should be used for this
situation?
Elsevier items and derived items © 2011, 2006 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Test Bank 1-5
a. 51 kVp at 37 mAs
b. 51 kVp at 75 mAs
c. 55 kVp at 75 mAs
d. 60 kVp at 75 mAs
ANS: B REF: 59
Match the technical adjustment required with the trauma device or patient condition.
22. Emphysema
a. +5 kVp or +25%-30%
b. +5-7 kVp or 50%-60% mAs
c. –15%-20% kVp
d. +50% mAs
e. +35% mAs
f. –8% kVp
g. +35%-50% mAs
ANS: F REF: 40
25. Ascites
a. +5 kVp or +25%-30%
b. +5-7 kVp or +50%-60% mAs
c. –15%-20% kVp
d. +50% mAs
e. +35% mAs
Elsevier items and derived items © 2011, 2006 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
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“We found the village crowded with the representatives of all the
neighbouring tribes; long strings of men, women, and children were
continually arriving as we approached. Directly we ascended the
notched tree that served as a ladder to the Orang Kaya’s house, we
found that we were no longer free agents. A crowd of old women
instantly seized us and pulled off our shoes and stockings and
commenced most vigorously washing our feet: this water was
preserved to fertilize the fields. We were then conducted to a
platform but slightly raised above the floor and requested to sit down,
but the mats were so dirty that we could scarcely prevail upon
ourselves to do so—perhaps the only time it has occurred to us;
generally the mats are charmingly neat and clean. The arrival of our
bedding freed us from this difficulty.
“We were surrounded by a dense mass of men, women, and
children who appeared all to be talking at once; in fact, more
excitement was shewn than I have before observed. We had to do
so many things, and almost all at once,—to sprinkle rice about, to
pour a little water on each child that was presented to us, until, from
force of example, the women and even the men insisted upon the
ceremony being performed on them.
“Silence being at last restored, Kasim explained in a long speech
the object of Captain Brooke’s visit. He spoke in Malay, interlarding it
occasionally with Dayak phrases—I say Malay, but Malay that is only
used when addressing the aborigines,—clipping and altering words,
changing the pronunciation, until I find that some have been
deceived into believing this was the true Dayak language. It is to
these people what the Lingua Franca is to Western Asia.
“We got a little respite while eating our dinner; but as soon as we
had finished we were again surrounded. The priestesses of the place
were especially active tying little bells round our wrists and ancles
and bringing rice for us to—how shall I explain it?—in fact for us to
spit on, and this delectable morsel they swallowed. No sooner had
these learned women been satisfied than parents brought their
children and insisted upon their being physicked in the same way,
taking care to have a full share themselves. One horrid old woman
actually came six times.
“The Orang Kaya now advanced and there was strict attention to
hear what he was about to say. He walked to the window and threw
some grains out, and then commenced a kind of prayer asking for
good harvests, for fertility for the women, and for health to them all.
During the whole invocation he kept scattering rice about. The
people were very attentive at first, but soon the murmur of many
voices almost drowned the old man’s tones. He did not appear very
much in earnest, but repeated what he had to say as if he were
going over a well-remembered but little understood lesson; in fact, it
is said these invocations are in words not comprehended even by
the Dayaks themselves—perhaps they are in some Indian language.
Then a space was cleared for dancing; the old Orang Kaya and the
elders commenced and were followed by the priestesses. They
walked up to us in succession, passed their hands over our arms,
pressed our palms, and then uttering a yell or a prolonged screech,
went off in a slow measured tread, moving their arms and hands in
unison with their feet, until they reached the end of the house and
came back to where we sat; then another pressure of the palm, a
few more passes to draw virtue out of us, another yell, and off they
went again; at one time there were at least a hundred dancing. Few
of the young people joined in what appeared in this case a sacred
dance.
“For three nights we had had little sleep on account of these
ceremonies; but at length, notwithstanding clash of gong and beat of
drum, we sank back in our beds and were soon fast asleep. In
perhaps a couple of hours I awoke; my companion was still sleeping
uneasily; the din was deafening, and I sat up to look around.
Unfortunate movement! I was instantly seized by the hands of two
priests and led up to the Orang Kaya who was leisurely cutting a
fowl’s throat. He wanted Captain Brooke to perform the following
ceremony, but I objected to his being awakened, and offered to do it
for him. I was taken to the very end of the house and the bleeding
fowl put in my hands; holding him by his legs I had to strike the
lintels of the doors, sprinkling a little blood over each. When this was
over I had to waive the fowl over the heads of the women and wish
them fertility, over the children and wish them health, over all the
people and wish them prosperity; out of the window and invoke good
crops for them. At last I reached my mats and sat down preparatory
to another sleep, when that horrid old woman led another
detachment of her sex forward to recommence the physicking:
fortunately but few came, and after setting them off dancing again I
fell asleep and in spite of all the noises remained so till morning.”
When, in the year 1818, Captain Basil Hall undertook what was in
those days considered a formidable undertaking—a voyage of
discovery to the coast of Corea and the great Loo Choo Island—he
was entertained at the former place by a potentate of so remarkable
a character as to entitle him to a place among the necessarily few
and consequently rare specimens of savage royalty which figure on
these pages. It will be understood that Captain Hall’s ship, the
“Alceste,” had anchored off Corea, and in the morning sent a boat
ashore to feel the way to closer intimacy.
“The curiosity of the natives was already aroused; every boat was
crowded with people, and ornamented with numerous flags and
streamers; but one of them being distinguished by a large blue
umbrella, we steered towards it, on the supposition that this was an
emblem of rank, in which opinion we were soon confirmed by the
sound of music, which played only on board this boat. On coming
closer we saw a fine patriarchal figure seated under the umbrella; his
full white beard covered his breast and reached below his middle; his
robe or mantle, which was of blue silk and of an immense size,
flowed about him in a magnificent style. His sword was suspended
from his waist by a small belt; but the insignia of his office appeared
to be a slender black rod tipped with silver, about a foot and a half
long, with a small leather thong at one end, and a piece of black
crape tied to the other; this he held in his hand. His hat exceeded in
breadth of brim anything we had yet met with, being, as we
supposed, nearly three feet across. The old chief by signs expressed
his wish to go to the ships. We accordingly rowed to the “Lyra,”
which lay nearer to the shore than the “Alceste.” When the chief’s
boat was within ten yards of the brig, they let go their anchor and
threw a rope on board her by which they drew the boat alongside in
a very seamanlike style. The old man did not find it an easy matter to
get up the ship’s side, encumbered as he was with his splendid
robes; he was no sooner on board, however, than we were crowded
with the natives, who boarded us on all sides. Some climbed up the
rigging so as to overlook the quarter-deck, others got on the poop,
and a line was formed along the hammock netting from one end of
the brig to the other. As the evening was fine, it was thought best to
entertain the venerable chief upon deck, rather than give him the
trouble of going down to the cabin, which, indeed, we had reason to
fear would prove too small for the party. Chairs were accordingly
placed upon deck, but the chief made signs that he could not sit on a
chair, nor would he consent for a time to use his mat, which was
brought on board by one of his attendants. He seemed embarrased
and displeased, which we could not at the moment account for,
though it has since occurred to us that he objected to the publicity of
the conference. At length, however, he sat down upon his mat and
began talking with great gravity and composure, without appearing in
the smallest degree sensible that we did not understand a single
word that he said. Meanwhile the crowd of natives increased, and
their curiosity became so great, that they pressed round us in a way
nowise agreeable. Some of them roved about the ship and appeared
highly entertained with everything they saw. The chief himself,
however, did not appear at ease, but continued giving directions to
his officers and people about him with an air of impatience. He more
than once ordered them all into their boats, but they always returned
after a few minutes. One man persevered in climbing over the
hammocks close to the chief to see what was going on; the noise
made to keep him back attracted the chief’s attention, who
immediately gave orders to one of the attendants for his being taken
away: it will be seen by and by what was his fate. It was nearly dark
when the chief gave directions for preparing the boats, and at the
same time to two of his attendants to assist him to get on his legs.
Each took an arm, and in this way succeeded in raising him up,
which was no sooner observed by the people, than they jumped into
their boats with the utmost alacrity, and the chief, after many bows
and salaams, walked into his boat. This did not give him so much
trouble as he had experienced in coming on board, for a platform of
grating and planks had been prepared for his accommodation during
his visit, an attention with which he seemed much pleased. So far all
seemed well; but there was still something amiss, for the old man,
seated in state under his umbrella, remained alongside with his
attendants ranged on deck about him, he and his people preserving
the most perfect silence, and making no signs to explain. We were
greatly puzzled to discover what the old gentleman wanted, till at
length it was suggested that, having paid us a visit, he expected a
similar compliment in return. This idea was no sooner started than
we proceeded to pay our respects to him in his boat. He made signs
for us to sit down, honouring us at the same time with a corner of his
own mat. When we were seated he looked about as if in distress at
having nothing to entertain us with, upon which a bottle of wine was
sent for and given him. He ordered an attendant to pour it into
several bowls, and putting the bottle away, made signs for us to
drink, but would not taste it himself till all of us had been served. He
was nowise discomposed at being obliged to entertain his company
at their own expense; on the contrary, he carried off the whole affair
with so much cheerfulness and ease as to make us suspect
sometimes that he saw and enjoyed the oddity of the scene and
circumstances as fully as we did ourselves. After sitting about ten
minutes we left the chief in great good humour and returned on
board, thinking of course that he would go straight to the shore; but
in this we were mistaken, for we had no sooner left him than he
pushed off to the distance of ten or twelve yards, and calling the
other boats round him, gave orders for inflicting the discipline of the
bamboo upon the unfortunate culprit who had been ordered into
confinement during the conference. This exhibition, which it was
evidently intended we should witness, had a very ludicrous effect, for
it followed so much in train with the rest of the ceremony, and was
carried on with so much gravity and order, that it looked like an
essential part of the etiquette. During the infliction of this punishment
a profound silence was observed by all the party, except by five or
six persons immediately about the delinquent, whose cries they
accompanied by a sort of song or yell at each blow of the bamboo.
This speedy execution of justice was, no doubt, intended to impress
us with notions of Corean discipline. As it was now dark we did not
expect the chief to pay any more visits this evening; but we
underrated his politeness, for the moment the above scene was
concluded he steered for the ‘Alceste.’ He was in great good
humour, and seemed entertained with the efforts which were made
to please him. He asked to look at a mirror which had caught his
attention. When it was put into his hands he seemed very well
satisfied with the figure which it presented, and continued for some
time pulling his beard from side to side with an air of perfect
complacency. One of the attendants thought there could be no harm
in looking at the mirror likewise; but the chief was of a different
opinion, and no sooner observed what he was doing, than he very
angrily made him put down the glass and leave the cabin. The
secretary, too, fell under his displeasure, and was reprimanded with
much acrimony for overlooking our paper when we were writing.
Scarcely five minutes elapsed in short during his stay, without his
finding some cause of complaint against his people; but we could not
determine whether this arose from mere captiousness, or was done
to give us a higher notion of his consequence, because in the
interval he was all cheerfulness and good humour. He was offered
tea and cherry-brandy, which he took along with us, and appeared at
his ease in every respect. We thought that he made signs implying a
wish for us to visit him on shore; to this we cheerfully assented, and
an arrangement for landing in the morning was made accordingly by
means of similar signs, with which the chief appeared much pleased,
and rose to go away. He had not got much beyond the cabin-door,
however, before the serenity of his temper was once more
overturned. On passing the gun-room skylight, he heard the voices
of some of his people whom the officers had taken below, and who
were enjoying themselves very merrily amongst their new
acquaintance. The old chief looked down, and observing them
drinking and making a noise, he called to them in a loud passionate
voice, which made them leave their glasses and run up the ladder in
great terror. From thence alarm spread along the lower deck to the
midshipmen’s berth, where another party was carousing. The grog
and wine with which they had been entertained was too potent for
this party, as they did not seem to care much for the old chief, who,
posting himself at the hatchway, ascertained by personal
examination who the offenders were. On this occasion his little rod of
office was of much use; he pushed the people about with it to make
them speak, and used it to turn them round in order to discover their
faces. One man, watching his opportunity when the chief was
punching away at somebody who had just come up, slipped past and
ran off; but the quick eye of the old man was not so easily deceived,
and he set off in chase of him round the quarter-deck. The man had
an apron full of biscuits which had been given to him by the
midshipmen; this impeded his running, so that the chief,
nothwithstanding his robes, at last came up with him; but while he
was stirring him up with his rod, the fellow slipped his cargo of bread
into a coil of rope, and then went along with the chief quietly enough.
The old man came back afterwards and found the biscuits, which he
pointed out to us to show that they had not been taken away. He
continued for some time at the hatchway, expecting more people, but
finding none come up, he went below himself to the main-deck and
rummaged under the guns and round the mainmast to discover
whether any one was concealed, but finding no person there he
came upon deck, and shortly after went into his boat.”
The reader has already made the acquaintance of King Finow;
here are some further particulars of him and the manner of his court
in connection with the marriage of his daughter. He had three
daughters, the eldest of whom, about eighteen years of age, had
been long betrothed to Tooitonga, who having expressed his wish
that the marriage should take place, Finow gave orders for the
necessary preparations. Tooitonga was now about forty years of age.
The particulars of this chief’s marriage, which was somewhat
different from those of other chiefs, shall be here described.
The young lady having been profusely anointed with cocoa-nut oil,
and scented with sandal-wood, was dressed in the choicest mats of
the Navigator’s Island, of the finest texture, and as soft as silk. So
many of these costly mats were wrapped round her, perhaps more
than forty yards, that her arms stuck out from her body in a ludicrous
manner, and she could not, strictly speaking, sit down, but was
obliged to bend in a sort of half-sitting posture, leaning upon her
female attendants, who were under the necessity of again raising her
when she required it. A young girl, about five years of age, was also
dressed out in a similar manner to be her immediate and particular
attendant; four other young virgins, about sixteen years of age, were
also her attendants, and were dressed in a manner nearly similar,
but not with quite so many mats. The lady and her five attendants
being all ready, proceeded to the marly of Tooitonga, who was there
waiting for their arrival together with a number of other chiefs, two
matabooles sitting before him. The lady and her attendants being
arrived, seated themselves on the green before Tooitonga. After the
lapse of a little time, a woman entered the circle with her face
covered up with white gnatoo; she went into the house of the marly,
and proceeded towards the upper end, where there sat another
woman in waiting with a large roll of gnatoo, a wooden pillow, and a
basket containing bottles of oil. The woman, whose face was veiled,
took the gnatoo from the other, wrapped herself up in it, and laying
her head upon the wooden pillow went, or pretended to go, fast
asleep. No sooner was this done than Tooitonga rose up, and taking
his bride by her hand led her into the house, and seated her on his
left hand. Twenty baked hogs were now brought into the circle of the
marly, and a number of expert cooks came in with knives (procured
from European ships; formerly they used bamboo) to try their skill in
carving with speed and dexterity, which is considered a great
recommendation. A considerable part was shared out to the chiefs,
each taking his portion and putting it in his bosom.
The remainder of the pork was then heaped up and scrambled for
at an appointed signal. The woman who had laid herself down,
covered over with gnatoo, now rose up and went, taking with her the
gnatoo and the basket containing the bottles of oil as her perquisites.
Tooitonga then took his bride by her left hand and led her to his
dwelling, followed by the little girl and the other four attendants. The
people now dispersed each to their home. Tooitonga being arrived
with his bride at his residence, accompanied her into the house
appropriated for her, where he left her to have her mats taken off and
her usual dress put on, after which she amused herself in
conversation with the women. In the meantime a feast was prepared
for the evening, of pigs, fowls, yams, etc., and cava. This was got
ready on the marly, where, about dusk, Tooitonga presiding, the
company sat down to receive their portions, which the generality
reserved to take home with them; the lower orders, indeed, who had
but a small quantity, consumed theirs on the spot. After this cava
was shared out and drunk. The musicians (if so they can be called)
next sat down at the bottom of the ring, opposite to Tooitonga, in the
middle of a circle of flambeaus, held by men who also held baskets
of sand to receive the ashes. The musical instrument consisted of
seven or eight bamboos of different lengths and sizes (from three to
six feet long), so as to produce—held by the middle, and one end
being struck on the ground—different notes according to the
intended tune (all the knots being cut out of the bamboo, and one
end plugged up with soft wood). The only other instrument was a
piece of split bamboo, on which a man struck with two sticks, one in
each hand, to regulate the time. The music was an accompaniment
to dancing, which was kept up a considerable time. The dancing
being over, one of the matabooles addressed the company, making
a moral discourse on the subject of chastity. The company then rose
and dispersed to their respective homes. The bride was not present
at this entertainment. Tooitonga being arrived at his house, sent for
the bride, who immediately obeyed the summons. The moment they
retired together, the lights were extinguished, and a man appointed
at the door for the purpose announced it to the people by three
hideous yells (similar to the war whoop), which he followed up
immediately by the loud and repeated sounds of the conch.
For the accuracy of the following description of an Australian
monarch Mr. W. H. R. Jessop is responsible:—
“King John, chief of the great Adelaide tribe, after reigning many
years to the satisfaction of his numerous subjects, was taken ill and
died. His body was not buried as would have been the fate of a
common body, but disembowelled, thoroughly washed, and trussed
like a fowl. Then a triangle was erected like that of a gipsey’s fire,
and from it he was reverently suspended. Over all a tabernacle was
made of green boughs and grass, something in the shape of a
beehive. Beneath the venerated remains thus shrouded, a slow fire
was kindled—so slow as to burn three weeks and not consume the
body, against which calamity every precaution was taken by
watching day and night.
“Meanwhile the subjects of the deceased monarch assembled,
each one bearing in his hand a shell, and crowding round the
enclosure where the body was roasting. Then followed a ceremony
much too horrid for detail. It shall only be hinted at. Like all animal
bodies subjected to the action of fire ... the saucer-like shells that
were held beneath ... with which every subject anointed the tip of his
tongue!
“Well, when the body had been duly smoked, and as far as
possible mummied, the king’s dutiful lubras took it down, wrapped it
up carefully, and for three months, by means of relief squads, carried
it to and fro through the entire length and breadth of the defunct
king’s domains. The bounds having thus been beaten they return to
head-quarters, and there having selected a gum-tree, proper and
tall, they set the old man gently and firmly in a fork of the topmost
bough. But he might get cold, for they don’t believe in his death while
his body is to be seen, so they build over him a little tent of twigs and
grass, and then leave him to his fate.”
In an earlier part of Mr. Jessop’s hook (Sturtland and Flindersland)
mention is made of a certain “King John,” the proprietor of a skull of
marvellous thickness, which was deposited as a natural curiosity in
the “office” at the Sturtland station. Whether there were two
monarchs of the same name, or this was the veritable skull of the
king of Adelaide fallen from its nest in the gum-tree is not known,
though as the latter monarch was renowned for shrewdness and
intelligence, it is probable that the thick skull belonged to him. “Of his
prowess and the difficulties of his position,” writes Mr. Jessop, “his
skull is a lasting monument, more durable than brass or stone,”
graven by art or man’s device. “Upon it I counted fourteen cavities, in
each of which a marble would rest, all dents made by the waddies or
clubs of enemies whom he had encountered.”
As already intimated the plebeian Bushman receives none of the
sepulchral honours paid to the king. When he shows signs of giving
up the ghost, his friends carry him out of his “wurley,” or hut, and one
of them lays him straight along the ground as though he were
already dead, with his hands by his side, and his feet close together.
The dying man’s friend then commences what to a looker on would
pass for a sort of mesmeric process: he strokes the patient from
head to foot, carefully drawing his hands down the whole length of
the body, and when arrived at the extremities pretending to throw
something away. When this has gone on for the proper time, he pulls
up stones and casts them with angry gestures at some imaginary
spirit; not, however, to drive off any that he had just cast out, but to
keep away the chief of evil spirits, who is always at hand to snatch
away a Bushman’s life when he is so weakened by sickness as to be
unable to take fast hold on it.
Should he recover, well and good; but should he die (and it is
more than likely), he is wrapped in his opossum rug after the fashion
of a mummy, strings being wound round his body from his neck to
his feet; and when he is laid in the grave, stones are placed upon
him till they reach the surface of the ground. In some cases,
however, the body is buried upright, and in a bent or sitting posture.
The grave is of an oval or elliptical shape, as might be expected; but
what is very remarkable, the body when laid straight always has its
feet to the east and head to the west, as though to be able to
welcome the rising sun.
Mourning seems to be a very prevalent custom among all the
natives, and they show by their adoption of pretty nearly the same
mode a common bond which seldom appears in any other of their
ways and actions. There are two fashions which take the lead of all
others, one in which red and blue colours are used, and the other in
which white is most conspicuous. These colours are painted on the
face in streaks of various forms, strongly suggestive of the tattooing
of the New Zealanders; but sometimes laid on in such a way that the
nose is half of one colour and half of another.
The women are said to restrict their exhibitions of grief to the
colours alone, but the men extend their signs of woe to plastering the
head with white clay, which their respect will not allow them to
remove; time alone has the power of assuaging their sorrow by
crumbling the nightcap to pieces. As the women work or hunt for
food while the men sit in the wurley all day, this excess of pain and
grief is probably nothing more than an excess of laziness, especially
as it lasts from one to two months at a time. The red earth or ruddle
is found in one spot only in the northern country, somewhere near
the gorge in the Hayward Range. This is much celebrated, and is
sought after by every tribe far and near; and although these tribes
are hostile to each other, and on any other occasion to meet would
be to fight, like the North-American Indian and his “Pipe-stone
Quarry,” the Ruddle plain is neutral ground on which Bushmen foes
may meet and dig in harmony.
Australian Weapons.
Polynesian War Canoe.
PART VIII.
SAVAGE M.D.’s.
CHAPTER XX.
Polynesian Surgeons—Figian treatment—A shipwrecked Figian—
Samoan Priests and Doctors—Samoan physics—Polynesian
Disease-makers—Namaquan cruelty—Left to die—Savage
arithmetic—Bartering for Sheep—The Abiadiongs—A Pawnee
M.D.—An Indian Sawbones—A medicine dance—An Indian
vapour bath—Cupping three Queens—What is expected of a
Physician—Hints to Travellers in the East—Stimulants to be
avoided in the East—Cold water bathing in Nubia.