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    ES106 - Module 8-9

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    ILEENVIRUS
    It is a lecture note about topic 8 and 9

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    ES106 - Module 8-9

    Uploaded by

    ILEENVIRUS
    19 views16 pages
    It is a lecture note about topic 8 and 9

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

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    It is a lecture note about topic 8 and 9

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    19 views16 pages

    ES106 - Module 8-9

    Uploaded by

    ILEENVIRUS
    It is a lecture note about topic 8 and 9

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 16

    COMPUTER FUNDAMENTALS AND

    PROGRAMMING
    FUNCTIONS, PARAMETER PASSING, CALL BY
    VALUE, RECURSION, LOCAL AND GLOBAL
    VARIABLES

    A.Y. 2023 - 2024


    FIRST SEMESTER
    University of Science and Technology of Southern Philippines
    OBJECTIVES / INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOMES

    At the end of the lesson, students will be able to:


    • Students should be able to understand parameter passing in
    python and call by value
    • Students should be able to understand recursion in python
    programming
    • Students should be able to differentiate local and global
    variables
    • Students should be able to understand python GUI programming
    and be able to apply it in creating their python program

    ES106 – COMPUTER FUNDAMENTALS AND PROGRAMMING


    INTRODUCTION

    Python is a very popular programming language thanks to its great degree of

    readability, widespread adoption and most importantly, its beginner friendliness.

    While being incredibly useful for the fields of data science and machine

    learning, Python is also great for developing graphical user interfaces. In fact, it

    has many frameworks that even beginners can use to easily get started with

    developing a GUI.
    PYTHON: PARAMETER PASSING

    Keyword parameter passing is a technique in Python where arguments are passed to a


    function using their parameter names. This allows the arguments to be passed in any order,
    as long as their parameter names are specified.
    PARAMETER
    For example: FUNCTION NAMES

    ARGUMENTS

    ES106 – COMPUTER FUNDAMENTALS AND PROGRAMMING


    IDENTIFIERS

    Python utilizes a system, which is known as “Call by Object Reference” or “Call


    by assignment”. In the event that you pass arguments like whole numbers,
    strings or tuples to a function, the passing is like call-by-value because you
    can not change the value of the immutable objects being passed to the
    function. Whereas passing mutable objects can be considered as call by
    reference because when their values are changed inside the function, then it
    will also be reflected outside the function.

    ES106 – COMPUTER FUNDAMENTALS AND PROGRAMMING


    PYTHON: CALL BY VALUE

    ES106 – COMPUTER FUNDAMENTALS AND PROGRAMMING


    PYTHON: CALL BY VALUE

    Binding Names to Objects


    In python, each variable to which we assign a value/container is
    treated as an object. When we are assigning a value to a variable, we
    are actually binding a name to an object.

    Name of the objects as


    its values are the same.

    ES106 – COMPUTER FUNDAMENTALS AND PROGRAMMING


    PYTHON: CALL BY VALUE

    Output: [1, 2, 3, 4]

    ES106 – COMPUTER FUNDAMENTALS AND PROGRAMMING


    PYTHON: CALL BY VALUE

    In the above example, a string which is an immutable type of object is passed as argument
    to the function foo. Within the scope of the given function foo, a= “new value” has been
    bounded to the same object that string has been bound outside. Within the scope of the function
    foo, we modify “old value”` to “new value”. Once we leave the scope of function foo , a=”new
    value” is no longer in the name space, and the value that string refers to was never changed.

    ES106 – COMPUTER FUNDAMENTALS AND PROGRAMMING


    RECURSION

    WHAT IS RECURSION?

    ES106 – COMPUTER FUNDAMENTALS AND PROGRAMMING


    RECURSION

    Recursion is a common
    mathematical and programming
    concept. It means that a function
    calls itself. This has the benefit of
    meaning that you can loop
    through data to reach a result.

    ES106 – COMPUTER FUNDAMENTALS AND PROGRAMMING


    RECURSION

    Sample Recursion Output


    def sum_list(numbers):
    if len(numbers) == 0:
    return 0
    else:
    return numbers[0] + sum_list(numbers[1:])

    my_list = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
    result = sum_list(my_list)
    print(result)

    ES106 – COMPUTER FUNDAMENTALS AND PROGRAMMING


    Local Variables

    What is LOCAL VARIABLES?

    Local variables are those which are initialized inside a


    function and belongs only to that specific function. It
    cannot be accessed anywhere outside the function. Let’s
    see how to create a local variable.

    ES106 – COMPUTER FUNDAMENTALS AND PROGRAMMING


    Local Variables

    Sample Output

    ES106 – COMPUTER FUNDAMENTALS AND PROGRAMMING


    Global Variables

    What is GLOBAL VARIABLES?

    The global variables are those which are defined outside any
    function, and which are accessible throughout the program.

    ES106 – COMPUTER FUNDAMENTALS AND PROGRAMMING


    Global Variables

    Sample Output

    ES106 – COMPUTER FUNDAMENTALS AND PROGRAMMING

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