Economics

SAMPLE PAPERS
CBSE EXAM 2024

Class 12th
Sub : Economics
CBSE Economics Class 12 Sample Paper 1 Page 1
Sample Paper 1
ECONOMICS (030)
Class XII Session 2023-24
Time: 3 Hours Max. Marks: 80
General Instructions:
1. This question paper contains two sections:
Section A – Macro Economics
Section B – Indian Economic Development
2. This paper contains 20 Multiple Choice Questions type questions of 1 mark each.
3. This paper contains 4 Short Answer Questions type questions of 3 marks each to be answered in 60 to 80 words.
5. This paper contains 4 Long Answer Questions type questions of 6 marks each to be answered in 100 to 150 words.
Section A -Macro Economics
Multiple Choice Questions (Q1 to Q10) 1 x 10=10
1. “Considering the depreciation of Indian Currency (`) in the international market, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI)
has decided to purchase Indian currency (`) in the open market.”
This represents exchange rate system.
(a) fixed (b) flexible
(c) managed floating (d) manipulated
2. Statement 1: Demonetisation was the step taken by the Government of India in order to tackle the problems of
corruption, black money, terrorism and circulation of fake currency in the Indian Economy.
Statement 2: Demonetisation has ensured improved tax compliance in India over the period of time.
In the light of the given statements, choose the correct alternative from the following:
(a) Statement 1 is false and statement 2 is true
(b) Statement 1 is true and statement 2 is false
(c) Both statements 1 and 2 are false
(d) Both statements 1 and 2 are true
3. Complete the table

Producer Value of Output Intermediate Consumption Value Added
Farmer 3,000 –– 3,000
Baker ...(i)... 3,000 3,000
Retail Seller 6,600 ...(iii)... 600
Total ...(ii)... 6,000 ...(iv)...
(a) 600, 15,600, 6,000, 6,000
(b) 6,000, 15,900, 6,000, 6,400
(c) 3,000, 9,000, 6,000, 6,600
(d) 6,000, 15,600, 6,000, 6,000
Page 2 Sample Paper 1 CBSE Economics Class 12
4. Identify the correct pair from the following Column I and Column II:
Column I Column II
A. At the Break Even point (i) Equals National Income
B. If MPC is equal to one (ii) Value of k is infinity
C. Value of aggregate demand (iii) Depends upon the investment
D. Consumption in the economy (iv) C >Y
Alternatives:
(a) C - (iii) (b) A - (i)
(c) D - (iv) (d) B - (ii)
5. Surplus in Balance of Payment (BoP) arises when:

(a) Autonomous payments > Autonomous receipts
(b) Autonomous receipts > Autonomous payments
(c) Accommodating receipts > Accommodating payments
(d) Accommodating payments > Accommodating receipts
6. Read the given chart carefully and choose the correct option from the alternatives given below:
(a) Import (b) Export

(c) Net Import (d) Net Export
7. If the value of export of goods of a country is `5,000 crores and the value of import of goods is `6000 crores, then
trade balance will be:
(a) 1,000 crores
(b) 2,000 crores
(c) -1,000 crores
(d) -2,000 crores
8. Identify the incorrect statement with reference to Balance of Payments.

(a) Export of machinery is recorded in capital account.
(b) Current account records Exports and Imports transactions of a nation.
(c) Current account records all such transactions, which do not impact asset or liability status of a country.
(d) Transfer of funds to the relatives abroad, entered on debit side of current account.
9. Assertion (A): Acquisition of a domestic (Indian) company by a foreign (Australian) company will be recorded
on the credit side of Balance of Payment Account.
Reason (R): It leads to outflow of foreign exchange from the domestic economy.
(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A)
(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A)
(c) Assertion (A) is false but Reason (R) is true
(d) Assertion (A) is true but Reason (R) is false
10. Gifts and remittances to abroad are recorded on the side and account in BoP Account.
(i) debit (ii) credit
(iii) current (iv) capital
(a) (i) and (iv)
(b) (ii) and (iv)
(c) (i) and (iii)
(d) (ii) and (iii)
Short Answer Questions (Q11 to Q12) 3x2=6
11. Explain how the allocation of resources can be influenced in the government budget through taxes, expenditure
and subsidies.
12. Calculate Net National Product at Market Price from the following data
Items ` (in crores)
Net factor income from abroad (–) 5
Private final consumption expenditure 100
Personal tax 20
Gross national disposable income 170
Government final consumption expenditure 20
Corporation tax 15
Gross domestic capital formation 30
Personal disposable income 70
Net exports (–) 10
Savings of private corporate sector 5
Net national disposable income 145
or
Explain how the government can use its budgetary policy in reducing the inequality of income in the country.
Short Answer Questions (Q13 to Q15) 4 x 3 = 12
13. Elaborate the `Banker’s bank and supervisor’ function performed by the Reserve Bank of India.
14. How is Real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) different from Nominal Gross Domestic Product (GDP)? Explain
using a numerical example.
or
Interpret the given picture on account of GDP and Welfare.
15. Explain the ‘AD = AS’ approach of the theory of income determination. Use diagram. What changes take place
in the economy when AD > AS?
Long Answer Questions (Q16 to Q17) 6 x 2 = 12
16. (a) Define externalities. Give an example of negative externality. What is its impact on welfare?
(b) On the basis of the following data about an economy which constitutes of only two firms A and B. find out
the Value-added by Firm A and Firm B.
(` in crores)
(i) Sales by Firm A 300
(ii) Purchases from Firm B by Firm A 120
(iii) Purchases from Firm A by Firm B 180
(iv) Sales by firm B 600
(v) Closing Stock of Firm A 60
(vi) Closing Stock of Firm B 105
(vii) Opening Stock of Firm A 75
(viii) Opening Stock of Firm B 135
(ix) Indirect taxes by both Firms 90
17. Why is AD curve also called C + I curve? What are its components? Explain.
or
Show graphically the derivation of savings function from consumption function.
Section B -Indian Economic Development
18. As per scholars, what was the reason of fall in GDP growth rate in 2015-17 in Pakistan?
(a) Reform process
(b) Corruption
(c) Political instability
(d) All of these
19. Identify the correct pair from Column I and Column II and choose the correct alternative:
Column I Column II
A. Apni Mandi (i) It is in Pune.
B. Rythu Bazars (ii) These are the fruit markets in Andhra Pradesh.
C. Hadaspur Mandi (iii) It is in Punjab, Haryana and Rajasthan.
D. Uzhavar Sandies (iv) These are farmers markets in Maharashtra
Alternatives:
(a) C - (iii)
(b) D - (iv)
(c) A - (i)
(d) B - (ii)
20. Arrange the following events of Pakistan in chronological order and choose the correct alternative:
(i) Nationalisation of capital goods
(ii) Initiation of reforms
(iii) Pakistan got independence
(iv) Announcement of First Five Year Plan
Choose the correct alternative:
(a) (ii), (iv), (i), (iii)
(b) (iv), (iii), (ii), (i)
(c) (iii), (iv), (i), (ii)
(d) (iii), (ii), (i), (iv)
21. In context of the given image, identify the correct option:

(a) A - India; B - China; C - Pakistan

(b) A - Pakistan; B - India; C - China
(c) A - China; B - India; C - Pakistan
(d) A - India; B - Pakistan; C - China
22. Nations are forming regional and global economic groupings for:
(a) to understand developmental processes of their neighbouring nations
(b) strengthening their own economies
(c) Neither (a) nor (b)
(d) Both (a) and (b)
23. Assertion (A): Animal husbandry is the part of diversification of productive activities in rural area.
Reason (R): It provides stable employment opportunities in off season.
24. The motive of British Government behind de-industrialisation was:

(i) To get raw material from India at cheap rate
(ii) To sell British manufactured goods in Indian market at high prices
(iii) To focus on development of agriculture
(iv) To get finished products from India at cheap rate
Choose correct option
(a) Only (iii) (b) (i) and (ii)
(c) Only (iv) (d) (ii) and (iv)
25. Study the following picture and answer the given question.
Women in rural households take up bee keeping as an entrepreneurial activity. Such kind of activities may be
envisaged under as diversification activity.
(a) animal husbandry (b) fisheries
(c) horticulture (d) poultry
26. Statement 1: India has an edge over Pakistan in health facilities and skilled manpower.
Statement 2: Pakistan has an edge over India in reducing the proportion of population below poverty line.
27. By May 2019, nearly crore women in India have become member in lakh women SHGs.
(a) 4, 44 (b) 2, 34
(c) 7, 64 (d) 6, 54
28. How are small scale industries distinguished from large scale industries?
or
What were the drawbacks of the licensing policy followed by the government before 1991?
29. It is believed by some of the economists that ‘once the technology is found profitable and is widely adopted,
subsidies should be phased out’. Accept/Refute the above statement.
30. Interpret the given picture on account of current environmental challenges.
31. What role can the government play in human capital formation in India?
or
How is agricultural diversification helpful for farmers? Explain.
32. Elucidate the role played by the industrial sector in India.
33. Compare the traditional approach with the recent approach towards environment.
or
Study the following chart showing the workers in formal and informal sectors and analyse the trend of the two
variables from 2011-12.
34. Read the following text carefully and answer the given questions on the basis of the same and common
understanding:
The term ‘sustainable development’ was used by the Brundtland Commission (1987) which coined what has
become the most often-quoted definition of sustainable development “development that meets the needs of the
present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.” Sustainable development
does not focus solely on environmental issues. The United Nations 2005 World Summit Outcome Document refers
to the four ‘interdependent and mutually reinforcing pillars’ of sustainable development as including: economic
development, social development and environmental protection. The fourth pillar is indigenous people and
culture. Proponents of Sustainable Development argue that it provides a context in which overall sustainability is
improved where cutting edge Green development is unattainable. For example, a cutting edge treatment plant with
extremely high maintenance costs may not be sustainable in regions of the world with fewer financial resources.
Sustainability requires that human activity only use nature’s resources at a rate, which they can be replenished
naturally. Inherently, the concept of sustainable development is intertwined with the concept of carrying capacity.
(a) What is sustainable development? Does sustainable development solely focus on environment? Why?
(b) Explain any two strategies for sustainable development in India.
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Sample Paper 2
ECONOMICS (030)
1. Read the following statements carefully:

Statement 1: A tax system that is progressive applies higher tax rates to higher levels of income.
Statement 2: A regressive tax is one where the average tax burden decreases with income.
2. Assertion (A): Highway and road works announced in Kerala, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal and Assam in budget
2021.
Reason (R): Such announcement will increase revenue expenditure of the government.
Choose one of the correct alternatives given below:
3. Read the following figure carefully and choose the correct pair from the alternatives given below:
(a) A - Revenue expenditure; B - Fiscal deficit

(b) A - Revenue expenditure; B - Fiscal budget
(c) A - Capital budget; B - Revenue expenditure
(d) A - Revenue expenditure; B - Capital budget
4. “Fiscal policy is a tool used by the government to stabalise the economy and promote economic growth.”
How does fiscal policy aim to stabilise the economy?
(a) By controlling interest rates (b) By regulating international trade
(c) By managing government spending and taxation (d) By controlling the money supply
5. While financing a deficit, under which measure government can print more currency?
(a) Disinvestment (b) By issuing bonds
(c) Deficit financing (d) None of these
6. On the basis of the given bars, identify the percentage change in the collection of GST in February 2019-20
(a) Negative (b) 8.5%

(c) 8.10% (d) 8.20%
7. Flow of Goods and Services and factors of production across different sectors in a barter economy is known as:
(a) Monetary Flow
(b) Circular flow
(c) Capital Flow
(d) Real flow
8. Find the missing figures and choose the correct option.

Income Consu-mption TC TY MPC
(Marginal Propensity to
Consume)
0 300 –– –– ––
200 350 50 ...(i)... 0.25
400 400 ...(ii)... 200 0.25
600 450 50 200 ...(iii)...
800 500 50 200 0.25
Alternatives
(a) 50, 200, 0.25
(b) 200, 50, 0.25
(c) 50, 200, 0.50
(d) 200, 50, 0.50
9. The shackles of agriculture during the colonial rule was permanently broken by the given revolution that resulted
from the application of .
(i) High Yielding varieties (HYV)
(ii) mechanisation of agriculture
(iii) chemical fertilisers and pesticides
(iv) organic fertilisers and pesticides
Codes
(a) (i), (ii) and (iv) (b) (i), (ii) and (iii)
(c) (ii), (iii) and (iv) (d) (i), (iii) and (iv)
10. Current account is in ‘Balance’ when .

(a) Receipts on current account < payments on current account
(b) Receipts on current account > payments on current account
(c) Receipts on current account = payment on current account
(d) None of these
11. “Foreign Institutional Investors (FIIs) remained net seller in the Indian capital markets over the last few weeks”.
—The Economic Times
State and discuss the likely effects of the given statement on foreign exchange rate with reference to the Indian
Economy.
12. Calculate intermediate consumption from the following:

(` in lakhs)
(i) Value of output 2,000
(ii) Depreciation 40
(iii) Subsidy 10
(iv) Sales tax 30
(v) Net Value Added at factor cost 1,600
or
If the Real GDP is `300 and Nominal GDP is `330, calculate the Price Index (base = 100).
13. Explain the concept of ‘Excess demand’ with the help of a diagram.
14. Explain the concept of ‘deficient demand’ with the help of a suitable diagram.
or
Explain any one fiscal and two monetary measures to correct the deflationary gap.
15. Explain the concept and working of multiplier with the help of a suitable schedule.
16. (a) Distinguish between stock and flow variables with suitable examples.
(b) Calculate Gross Domestic Product at factor cost from the following data:
(Z in crores)
(i) Gross national product at factor cost 3,750
(ii) Compensation of employees 2,000
(iii) Net exports (—)50
(iv) Profit 700
(v) Net domestic capital formation 1,000
(vi) Opening stock 150
(vii) Closing stock 200
(viii) Gross fixed capital formation 1,050
(ix) Interest 600
(x) Rent 400
(xi) Factor income from abroad 20
or
Explain the precautions that should be taken while estimating national income by value added method.
17. Read the following text carefully and discuss briefly the relevant function of the Central Bank, indicated.
The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) is the central bank of India whose primary function is to manage and govern
the financial system of the country. It is a statutory body established in the year 1935 under the Reserve Bank of
India Act, 1934. The central bank regulates the issue and supply of the Indian rupee. It also looks after the central
government’s money. The central bank plays the role of the bankers’ bank and regulates the banking sector. It also
plays an important role in India’s development story by supporting the government in its developmental projects
and policies.
18. Statement 1: Environment is able to perform its functions easily as long as the demand on these functions is within
its carrying capacity.
Statement 2: The Environment (Protection) Act was in passed 1990.
(a) Statement 1 is false and statement 2 is true (b) Statement 1 is true and statement 2 is false
(c) Both statements 1 and 2 are false (d) Both statements 1 and 2 are true
19. Assertion (A): Disguised unemployment is present in India.

Reason (R): Agricultural productivity at the margin is close to zero.
20. Jobless growth leads to unemployment because:

(a) GDP growth is slow
(b) Labour refuses to migrate
(c) Growth is due to technology
(d) Labour is very expensive
21. “Green revolution was a major reason of rise in productivity of farming”. What is/ are the advantage(s) of
conventional farming methods?
(a) Higher output
(b) Cost effective
(c) Wider range
(d) All of these
22. Due to the recent efforts of which international body the Indian government, initiated the modernization of
informal sector?
(a) WTO
(b) World Bank
(c) G-20
(d) International Labour ganisation
23. When extraction is above the rate of regeneration of the resource and the wastage are outside the absorptive
capacity of the environment, then environment fails to perform its one of the vital function. What is that function?
(a) It supplies resources (b) It assimilates waste
(c) It sustains life (d) It provides aesthetic services
24. Along with horticultural crops, golden revolution caused an increase in the production of .
(a) milk (b) honey
(c) livestock (d) dry fruits
25. Small Finance Banks had mobilised deposits of 82,488 crores and extended credit of 90,576 crores to small and
marginal farmers and Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) by the end of FY 2019-20. How will it
affect the economy?
(a) Economic strengthening of rural areas
(b) Financial inclusion of people
(c) Growth of MSMEs and agriculture sector become faster
(d) All of these
26. From the given image, it is clear that outsourcing from India is not always an advantage for developed countries.
Select the reason(s) for the same.
(a) Leads to managerial interference (b) Leads to unemployment in their country

(c) Neither (a) nor (b) (d) Both (a) and (b)
27. From the set of events/systems given in Column I and corresponding relevant fact given in Column II, choose the
correct pair of statement:
Column I Column II
A. Economic reforms in China (i) 1988
B. Great Leap Forward Campaign (ii) 1968
C. Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution (iii) Between 1980 - 1984
D. Special Economic Zones (iv) 1975
Alternatives:
(a) C - (iii) (b) D - (iv)
(c) A - (i) (d) B - (ii)
28. Elaborate the exploitative nature of the colonial government in India with the help of suitable examples.
29. Why were the benefits of Green Revolution restricted to few states and few crops in initial stages of planning?
or
How did the government promote regional equality in industrial development?
30. (a) Interpret the given picture on account of current environmental challenges.
(b) What do you mean by biocomposting? How is it helpful in promoting sustainable development?
31. Evaluate the role of the rural banking system in India.

or
“Is it possible to develop Information Technology as an alternate livelihood option”? Give reasons.
32. Enlist all the factors involved in the introduction of the economic reforms by way of the announcement of the
New Economic Policy (NEP).
33. Suggest measures to make the rural areas in India more vibrant (Include two success stories of rural development
experiments carried out in India).
or
The following table shows distribution of workforce in India for the year 1972-73. Analyse it and give reasons for
the nature of workforce distribution.
Place of Residence Workforce (in millions)

Male Female Total
Rural 125 69 195
Urban 32 7 39
understanding:
The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) has deepened the decades-long strategic relationship between the
two nations. But it has also sparked criticism for burdening Pakistan with mountains of debt and allowing China
to use its debt-trap diplomacy to gain access to strategic assets of Pakistan.
The foundations of CPEC, part of China’s Belt and Road Initiative, were laid in May 2013. At the time, Pakistan
was reeling under weak economic growth. China committed to play an integral role in supporting Pakistan’s
economy.
Pakistan and China have a strategic relationship that goes back decades. Pakistan turned to China at a time when it
needed a rapid increase in external financing to meet critical investments in hard infrastructure, particularly power
plants and highways. CPEC’s early harvest projects met this need, leading to a dramatic increase in Pakistan’s
power generation capacity, bringing an end to supply-side constraints that had made rolling blackouts a regular
occurrence across the country.
Pakistan leaned into CPEC, leveraging Chinese financing and technical assistance in an attempt to end power
shortages that had paralysed its country’s economy. Years later, China’s influence in Pakistan has increased at an
unimaginable pace.
China as Pakistan’s Largest Bilateral Creditor: China’s ability to exert influence on Pakistan’s economy has grown
substantially in recent years, mainly due to the fact that Beijing is now Islamabad’s largest creditor. According to
documents released by Pakistan’s Finance Ministry, Pakistan’s total public and publicly guaranteed external debt
stood at $44.35 billion in June 2013, just 9.3 per cent of which was owed to China. By April 2021, this external
debt had ballooned to $90.12 billion, with Pakistan owing 27.4 per cent - $24.7 billion - of its total external debt
to China, according to International Monetary Fund (IMF).
Additionally, China provided financial and technical expertise to help Pakistan build its road infrastructure,
expanding north-south connectivity to improve the efficiency of moving goods from Karachi all the way to Gilgit-
Baltistan (PoK). These investments were critical in better integrating the country’s ports, especially Karachi, with
urban centers in Punjab and Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa provinces.
Despite power asymmetries between China and Pakistan, the latter still has tremendous agency in determining
its own policies, even if such policies come at the expense of the long-term socio- conomic welfare of Pakistani
citizens.
(a) Outline and discuss any two economic advantages of China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) accruing to
the economy of Pakistan.
(b) Analyse the implication of bilateral ‘debt-trap’ situation of Pakistan vis-a-vis the Chinese economy.
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Sample Paper 3
ECONOMICS (030)
1. Read the given news taken from the article “Currency caution: On the Indian rupee’s depreciation” published in
The Hindu on 23rd July, 2022.
“The Indian rupee is experiencing its worst slump in four years. Since the start of 2022, the currency has depreciated
by more than 7% against the US dollar, weakening past a historic low of 80 to a dollar mark earlier this week.”
In layman terms, which of the following is the reason for depreciation of Indian rupee?
(a) Increase in demand of US dollar and decrease in supply of US dollar
(b) Increase in both demand and supply of US dollar
(c) Increase in supply of US dollar and decrease in demand of US dollar
(d) Decrease in both demand and supply of US dollar
2. Find the missing figures and choose the correct alternatives

Income Consumption Average Propensity to Consume (APC)
0 30 ––
10 70 ...(iii)...
30 ...(ii)... 3.67
50 150 ...(iv)...
...(i)... 190 2.71
Alternatives
(a) 80, 120, 8, 4
(a) 60, 120, 8, 4
(c) 70, 110, 7, 3
(d) 60, 110, 7, 3
3. The economic reforms under the New Economic Policy of 1991 were made so that.......
(a) market forces would drive the economy towards growth and development
(b) the government would drive the economy towards growth and development
(c) the public would drive the economy towards growth and development
(d) None of the above
4. is exercised through discussions, letters and speeches to banks.

(a) Moral suasion
(b) Selective credit control
(c) Margin requirement
(d) Open market operation
5. Fees of government college is a revenue receipt because:

(a) It increases assets of the government.
(b) It creates liabilities of the government.
(c) It neither creates any liability nor reduces any asset of the government.
(d) It neither creates any asset nor reduces any liability of the government.
6. Read the following data carefully and choose the correct option from the alternatives given below:
Particulars Farmer Baker
Total production 100 200
Intermediate goods used 0 50
Value added 100 —
(a) 200
(b) 100
(c) 150
(d) 50
7. Statement 1: Activity resulting in benefits to others is called a “positive externality”.

Statement 2: ‘Pollution created by factories/vehicles’ is an example of negative externality.
Column I Column II
A. Expenditure on collection of taxes (i) Capital expenditure
B. Expenditure on scholarships (ii) Revenue expenditure
C. Expenditure on purchasing computers (iii) Revenue expenditure
D. Expenditure on building a bridge (iv) Revenue expenditure
Alternatives:
(a) D - (iv) (b) C - (iii)
(c) B - (ii) (d) A - (i)
9. Assertion (A): The monetary policy is a policy formulated by the central bank.
Reason (R): The policy involves measures taken to regulate the supply of money, availability, and cost of credit
in the economy.
10. From the given data of an imaginary economy, find the value of consumption expenditure:
(i) Autonomous Consumption = `150 crore
(ii) Marginal Propensity to Consume = 0.75
(iii) National Income = `1,000 crore
(a) `900 crore
(b) `700 crore
(c) `850 crore
(d) `800 crore
11. What are official reserve transactions (ORT)? Explain their importance in the Balance of Payments Account.
or
Explain why there is a rise in demand for foreign exchange when its price falls.
12. What is depreciation of Rupee? What is its likely impact on Indian imports and how?
13. Suppose in the budget, the government proposed to raise the excise duty on cement. It also proposed to raise the
income tax on individuals earning more than rupees one crore per annum.
(a) Identify and explain the type of taxes proposed by the government.
(b) Was the objective only to earn revenue for the government?
(c) What possible welfare objective could the government be considering?
14. ‘Lack of store of value’ was a major problem under barter system, but goods like diamond, gold can be easily
stored for future use. Then why this was not a popular mean under barter system?
15. “Economists are generally concerned about the rising Marginal Propensity to Save (MPS) in an economy.” Why
so? Explain.
or
Explain all the changes that take place in an economy, when AD is not equal to output.

16. (a) From the following data, calculate National Income by Income Method:
(` in crores)
(i) Interest 150
(ii) Rent 250
(iii) Government final consumption expenditure 600
(iv) Private final consumption expenditure 1,200
(v) Profits 640
(vi) Compensation of employees 1,000
(vii) Net factor income to abroad 30
(viii) Net indirect taxes 60
(ix) Net exports (—) 40
(x) Consumption of fixed capital 50
(xi) Net domestic capital formation 340
(b) “India’s GDP is expected to expand 7.5% in 2019-20: World Bank” —The Economic Times
Does the given statement mean that welfare of people of India increase at the same rate? Comment with reason.
or
(a) On the basis of the following data about an economy which constitutes of only two firms, find out Value added
by firms A and B.
(` in lakhs)
(i) Sales by firm A 300
(ii) Purchases from firm B by firm A 120
(iii) Purchases from firm A by firm B 180
(iv) Sales by firm B 600
(v) Closing stock of firm A 60
(vi) Closing stock of firm B 105
(vii) Opening stock of firm A 75
(viii) Opening stock of firm B 135
(ix) Indirect taxes by both firms 90
(b) If the Real Gross Domestic Product is `200 and the Nominal Gross Domestic Product is `210, calculate the
Price Index (base = 100).
17. Briefly explain the concept of under-employment equilibrium with the help of diagram. How does an increase in
investment help in achieving full employment equilibrium?
18. “The goal of equitable or rational distribution of land was not fully served by abolition of intermediaries”. Why?
(a) Owning to policy loopholes, former zamindars continued to owe large lands
(b) In some areas, zamindars claimed to be self-cultivators
(c) Lack of political will
(d) All of the above
19. Statement 1: Cultural Revolution in China is also known as Great Leap Forward Cultural Revolution.
Statement 2: In cultural revolution, students and professionals were sent to work and learn from the foreign
countries.
20. Name the state which is held as a success story in the efficient implementation of milk cooperatives.
(a) Gujarat
(b) Maharashtra
(c) Andhra Pradesh
(d) Punjab
21. When did regional rural banks initiated in India?

(a) 1975 (b) 1970
(c) 1985 (d) 1980
22. Arrange the following events of China in chronological order and choose the correct alternative:
(i) Great Leap Forward Campaign
(ii) First Five Year Plan
(iii) Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution
(iv) Introduction of Economic Reforms
(a) (ii), (i), (iii), (iv)
(b) (iv), (i), (ii), (iii)
(c) (ii), (iv), (iii), (i)
(d) (iv), (ii), (i), (iii)
23. Assertion (A): In order to attract foreign investors, Special Economic Zones (SEZs) were set up.
Reason (R): SEZ is a geographical reason that has economic laws different from the country’s typical economic
laws. Usually, the goal is to increase foreign investment.
24. In Pakistan, most of the foreign exchange earnings come from:

(i) Sustainable export of manufactured goods
(ii) Remittances from Pakistani workers working in Middle East
(iii) Export of highly volatile agricultural goods
(a) (i) and (iii)

(b) (i) and (ii)
(c) (i), (ii) and (iii)
(d) (ii) and (iii)
Column I Column II
A. Agrarian Economy (i) An economy with about 50% of the country’s population earning their living
from agriculture.
B. Export Surplus (ii) During the British regime, India’s imports exceeded its exports.
C. Mortality Rate (iii) Annual number of deaths per 100 people
D. Occupational (iv) Distribution of workforce as per their occupation
Structure
Alternatives :
(a) B-(ii) (b) A-(i)
(c) D-(iv) (d) C-(iii)
26. Observe the given picture carefully and answer the question that follows:
Roadside vending is an increasing variety of unemployment.

(a) informal
(b) formal
(c) Neither (a) nor (b)
27. Diversification of growth process can be achieved through the development of sector.
(a) Industrial
(b) Agricultural
(c) Service
(d) None of these

28. Explain the concept of ‘Privatisation’. Throw light on the “different status designated to the Public Sector
enterprises (PSEs)”.
29. Explain the ‘Permit license raj’.

or
Explain the ‘policy of protection’ in industries.
30. Answer the following questions on the basis of the following data:
Comment on the (a) Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) in Pakistan
(b) Percentage of Undernourished Children among the given two countries.
Country IMR (Per 1000 live births) Undernourished Children%

China 9 9
Pakistan 66 45
31. Mention any four features of small scale industries.

or
32. Analyse the growth of GDP and changing structure of employment.

Ans :
During the period of 1950-2010, Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of India grew at a positive rate and was higher
than the rate of employment growth. During this period the employment grew at the rate of not more than 2%
whereas fluctuations were always noticed in the field of growth of GDP.
(i) There had been a disheartening development in the late 1990’s as the employment growth started declining
and reached to the level it witnessed in the early stages of planning.
(ii) Another important observation of this period was the widening gap between the growth of GDP and
employment. This implies that in India we have been able to produce more goods and services without
generating employment. This phenomenon refers to “jobless growth”.
(iii) Distribution of workforce by the industrial sectors shows the following changes in the structure of
employment.
(iv) A substantial shift was noticed from farm work to non-farm work. Like during 1972-73 about 74% of
workforce was engaged in primary sector and in 2011-12, this proportion declined to about 50%.
(v) Share of secondary and service sector increased from 11% to 24% and 15% to 27% respectively, during the
same period.
(vi) The movement of people from self-employment and regular salaried employment to casual wage work has
been the other noticeable feature (1972-2012). But self-employment continues to be the major employment
provider. The above movement is known as Vasualisation of workforce’, which leads to their high
vulnerability.
33. “Global CO2 levels hit new record in 2017.”

— The United Nations
(a) Why is the world faced with an environmental crisis?

(b) Why do environmental problem emerge in recent times?
or
“Existence of widespread unemployment in India is the cumulative result of many causes.” Explain any four main
causes of unemployment in India.
understanding:
Chipko Movement, also called Chipko Andolan, non-violent social and ecological movement by rural villagers,
particularly women, in India in the 1970s, aimed at protecting trees and forests slated for government-backed
logging. The movement originated in the Himalayan region of Uttarakhand (then part of Uttar Pradesh) in 1973
and quickly spread throughout the Indian Himalayas. The Hindi word chipko means “to hug” or “to cling to” and
reflects the demonstrators’ primary tactic of embracing trees to impede loggers. The interior roads built for the
conflict attracted many foreign-based logging companies that sought access to the region’s vast forest resources.
Although the rural villagers depended heavily on the forests for subsistence-both directly, for food and fuel, and
indirectly, for services such as water purification and soil stabilisation-government policy prevented the villagers
from managing the lands and denied them access to the lumber. Many of the commercial logging endeavours
were mismanaged, and the clear-cut forests led to lower agricultural yields, erosion, depleted water resources and
increased flooding throughout much of the surrounding areas.
(a) What was Chipko Movement? How were villagers depended upon forest for their survival?
(b) How have people tried to prevent indiscriminate cutting of trees? Discuss the two movements started by them
for achieving the objective.
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Sample Paper 4
ECONOMICS (030)
1. Which of the following component(s) is/are not included in money supply?

(a) Stock of gold with RBI (b) Currency with private individuals
(c) Currency with business firms (d) All of these
2. Suppose that the Balance of Trade (BoT) of a nation, exhibits a surplus of `30,000 crores. The import of
merchandise of the nation is half of the exports of merchandise to the rest of the world.
The value of exports would be ` crores.
(a) 90,000 (b) 60,000
(c) 15,000 (d) 22,500
3. The transactions recorded in the current account of BoP are:

(a) Export and import of services (b) Transfers from and to abroad
(c) Export and import of goods (d) All of these
4. Find the missing figures and choose the correct alternatives.

Income Consumption Average Propensity to Consume (APC)
(`) (`)
0 20 ––
20 60 ...(iii)...
40 ...(ii)... 2.5
60 140 ...(iv)...
...(i)... 170 2.125
Alternatives
(a) 100, 100, 1.3, 2 (b) 70, 100, 3, 1.33
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(c) 80, 100, 3, 2.33 (d) 110, 90, 2, 3.33
5. “Considering the depreciation of Indian currency (`) in the international market, the Reserve Bank of Indian
(RBI) has decided to purchase Indian currency (`) in the open market.”
This represents exchange rate system.
(a) fixed (b) flexible
(c) managed floating (d) manipulated
6. Demand deposits include:

(a) Saving account deposits and current account deposits
(b) Saving account deposits and fixed deposits
(c) Current account deposits and fixed deposits
(d) All types of deposits
7. Which bank in India is the controller of credit?

(a) Axis bank (b) State Bank of India
(c) Reserve Bank of India (d) Punjab National Bank
8. Goods purchased for purpose(s) are final goods.

(a) investment (b) satisfaction of wants
(c) Both (a) and (b) (d) None of these
or
Read the following figure carefully and choose the correct option from the alternatives given below:
Alternatives:
(a) Real (b) Nominal
(c) Circular (d) Both (a) and (c)
9. Assertion (A): A country always tries to balance the BoP, i.e., balance in current account equals to balance in
capital account.
Reason (R): Balanced BoP indicates stable economic relations with rest of the world.

10. Statement 1: Balance of Payments is a systematic record of all economic transactions that take place between one
country and the rest of the world during a given period (say a year).
Statement 2: Balance of Trade is the difference between the value of goods exported and value of goods imported
in a given year.
11. “Indian Rupee (`) plunged to all time low of `80.10 against the US Dollar ($).”
—The Economic Times
In the light of the above report, discuss the impact of the situation on Indian imports.
12. Government is incurring expenditure on “Child immunisation programme”. Does the given statement mean that
welfare of the people of India will increase along with increase in its GDP. Comment with reason.
or
Calculate net value added at factor cost from the following:
(`in lakhs)
(i) Net factor income from abroad 30
(ii) Sales 3,500
(iii) Purchase of intermediate goods 2,000
(iv) Consumption of fixed capital 500
(v) Exports 400
(vi) Indirect taxes 350
(vii) Change in stock 50
13. State whether the following statements are true or false. Give reason for your answer.
(a) When MPC is greater than MPS, the value of investment multiplier will be greater than 5.
(b) The value of MPS can never be negative.
14. Define frictional and structural unemployment.
15. Define full employment. Can an equilibrium situation be reached in an economy at less than full employment
level? Explain.
or
Explain the role of margin requirements in dealing with the problem of excess demand.

16. (a) Calculate GNPFc from the given data:

(` in crores)
(i) Indirect tax 50
(ii) Consumption of fixed capital 60
(iii) Net factor income received from abroad (—) 10
(iv) NDPFC 120

(v) Net current transfers paid to rest of the world 30
(vi) Subsidies 25
(b) “Non-monetary exchanges are not included in the estimation of National Income.” Do you agree with the
above statement? Give reasons.
or
(a) Explain the ‘mixed income of self-employed’ with the help of a suitable example.
(b) Find net value added at factor cost:
(` in lakhs)
(` in lakhs)
(i) Durable use producer goods with a life span of 10 years 10
(ii) Single use producer goods 5
(iii) Sales 20
(iv) Unsold output produced during the year 2
(v) Taxes on production 1
17. (a) Interpret the given data on the basis of fiscal and primary deficit.
(b) The government under “UJJWALA Yojana” is providing free LPG connections to the families ‘below the
poverty line’. What objective the government is trying to fulfil through the government budget and how?
Explain.

18. The main objective of the zamindars during the land settlement system was to
(a) improve the economic condition of the cultivators
(b) improve the crop yield by making significant contributions in technology and fertilisers usage
(c) collect rent with no interest in the economic condition of the cultivators
(d) cooperate with colonial government to improve the condition of agriculture
19. What does the picture indicate about Indian economy on the eve of independence?
(a) Low productivity

(b) Traditional methods of farming
(c) Lower yield of production
20. are the institutional sources of agricultural credit.

(a) Commercial Banks
(b) Cooperative Credit Societies
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) Neither (a) nor (b)
21. Statement 1: The emergence of Self-Help Groups (SHGs) ensured the reduction in the fissures of the formal credit
system.
Statement 2: The borrowings from SHGs mainly confined to consumption purposes by its members.
22. Assertion (A): Major policy initiatives (land reforms and green revolution) helped India to become self-sufficient
in foodgrains production.
Reason (R): The proportion of people depending on agriculture did not decline as expected after the Green
Revolution.

23. Demonetisation is the policy wherein the legal status of a currency unit is cancelled and new one comes
into circulation.
(a) Legal (b) Social
(c) Political (d) Economic
24. campaign aimed at industrialising the China on a large scale.

(a) Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution (b) Commune System
(c) Great Leap Forward (d) None of these
25. Arrange the following events of Pakistan in chronological order and choose the correct alternative:
(i) Nationalisation of Capital goods
(iii) Fertility Rate in Pakistan was 3.7
(iv) Agriculture grew at the rate of 4%
(a) (iv), (ii), (i), (iii)
(b) (iv), (i), (ii), (iii)
(c) (ii), (iv), (i), (iii)
(d) (ii), (i), (iv), (iii)
Column I Column II
A. Capital goods industry (i) industry which can produce machine tools
B. Zamindari System (ii) the interest of the ‘zamindars’ was not only to collect rent.
C. Demographic transition (iii) after 1935, the second stage of transition began
D. Life expectancy (iv) was very low - 52 years
Alternatives:
(a) B - (ii)
(b) C - (iii)
(c) A - (i)
(d) D - (iv)
27. Which one of the following is not a non-institutional source of credit?

(a) Relatives
(b) Moneylenders
(c) Land Development Bank
(d) Traders and commission agents

28. “Green Revolution enabled the government to procure sufficient food grains to build its stocks that could be used
during times of shortage.” Do you agree with the above statement? Give reason.
29. “Industrial Policy Resolution of 1956 (IPR 1956) formed the basis of the Second Five Year Plan.” Elaborate.
or
Explain the two forms of protection from imports.

30. Interpret the given chart in context of Employment as per 2011-12.
31. Explain the focus of the economic policies pursued by the colonial government in India. Analyse the impact of
these policies.
or
How did the government ensure that the small farmers also benefit from the Green Revolution as the rich farmers?
32. Study the following table showing distribution by workforce by Industry, 2011-12 and analyse the trend of the
workforce on the basis of industry and residence.
Distribution of Workforce by Industry, 2011-12
Industrial Category Place of Residence
Rural Urban
Primary Sector 64.1 6.7
Secondary Sector 20.4 35.0
Tertiary Sector 15.5 58.3
Total 100.0 100.0
33. “Micro-credit programmes are playing vital role in meeting credit requirements of the poor.” Elaborate.
or
Explain the principal role of human capital formation in accelerating the rate of economic growth.
understanding:
Special Economic Zones (SEZs) are intended to function as zones of rapid economic growth by using tax and
business incentives to attract foreign investment and technology. The first four special economic zones were
created in 1980 in southeastern coastal China and consisted of what were then the small cities of Shenzhen, Zhuhai,
and Shantou in Guangdong province and Xiamen (Amoy) in Fujian province. In these areas, local governments
have been allowed to offer tax incentives to foreign investors and to develop their own infrastructure without the
approval of the central government. Business enterprises have made most of their own investment, production
and marketing decisions, and foreign ownership of such ventures has been legalised. Though some of them
began as little more than small towns, the new SEZs soon attracted foreign investment and became boom towns,
with rapidly expanding light and consumer goods industries and growing population. Encouraged by the zones’
success, the Chinese government in 1984 opened 14 larger and older cities along the coast to foreign trade and
investment. In 1988, Hainan Island was made a separate province and a special economic zone, and in 1990 the
Pudong area within the Shanghai municipality became a special economic zone with policies even more flexible
than those already in force in the original four Special Economic Zones (SEZs).
(a) What are Special Economic Zones (SEZs)? Name any two cities in which special economic zones were
started in China in 1980.
(b) When were economic reforms initiated in China? What autonomy was given to local government for
motivating foreign investors in China under Special Economic Zones?
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Sample Paper 5
ECONOMICS (030)
1. If the value of export of merchandise is `1,500 crore and imports of goods are 20% more than exports, the value
of imports and trade deficit will be ` crores and ` crores respectively.
(a) 1,800, 3,300
(b) 1,800, 300
(c) 1,200, 300
(d) 1,200, 3,300
2. Choose the correct alternatives to be filled in given blanks A and B.
(a) Low level of income and low level of investment

(b) Low level of investment and low level of income
(c) Low mobilisation of savings and low level of investment
(d) Low level of investment and low savings
3. Assertion (A): Fiscal deficit shows a better position of the government expenditure in comparison to budget
deficit.
Reason (R): Fiscal deficit reflects borrowings requirement of the government.
4. Which of the following is not a reason for excess demand?

(a) Deficit financing (b) Fall in the propensity to consume
(c) Rise in aggregate demand (d) Increase in investments
5. Suppose you are a member of the Advisory Committee to the Finance Minister of India’. The Finance Minister is
concerned about the rising revenue deficit in the budget.
Which of the following measures can be used to control the rising revenue deficit of the government?
(a) Increase taxation (b) Reduce the burden of subsidy
(c) Reduce government administrative expenses (d) Any of these
6. Which of the following is the implication of revenue deficit?

(i) A high revenue deficit shows fiscal indiscipline.
(ii) It shows wasteful expenditure of government on administration.
(iii) It implies that government is dissaving.
(a) (i), (ii) and (iii) (b) (i) and (ii)
(c) (ii) and (iii) (d) (i) and (iii)
7. Statement 1: Sector which transforms one physical good into another physical good is tertiary sector.
Statement 2: Consumption of fixed capital refers to fall in the value of fixed assets due to normal wear and tear
and foreseen obsolescence.
8. The following information is given for an imaginary country:

(all figures in `lakh)
(i) Durable use producer goods with a life span of 10 years 10
(ii) Single use producer goods 5
(iii) Sales 20
(iv) Unsold output produced during the year 2
(v) Taxes on production 1
Identify the correct value of NVAFC from the given options.
(a) `10 lakh
(b) `20 lakh
(c) `15 lakh
(d) `25 lakh
I
9. Read the following figure carefully and choose the correct option from the alternatives given below:
Alternatives :
(a) Real
(b) Circular
(c) Nominal
(d) Either (a), (b) or (c)
10. Identify the correct pair from the following Column I and Column II.
Column I Column II
A. Excess demand (i) When AD is exceeds AS at the full employment level of income
B. Inflationary gap (ii) Ratio of change in consumption expenditure to change in income
C. Autonomous consumption (iii) When AD less than AS at the full employment level of income
D. Marginal Propensity to Save (iv) Consumption expenditure planned to be incurred during a given
period
Alternatives:
(a) C - (iii) (b) A - (i)
(c) D - (iv) (d) B - (ii)
11. Explain “Bankers” bank function of the Central Bank.

or
What do you know about the following?
(a) Legal tender
(b) Fiat money
(c) High powered money
12. Read the given text carefully and answer the questions that follow:
Money was historically an emergent market phenomenon that possess intrinsic value as a commodity; nearly
all contemporary money systems are based on unbacked fiat money without use value. Its value is consequently
derived by social convention, having been declared by a government or regulatory entity to be legal tender;
that is, it must be accepted as a form of payment within the boundaries of the country, for “all debts, public and
private”, in the case of the United States dollar. Contexts which erode public confidence, such as the circulation
of counterfeit money or domestic hyperinflation, can cause good money to lose its value.
(a) What is money?
(b) State the components of money supply.
13. Explain the ‘problem of double counting’ in the estimation of national income with the help of an example. How
can this problem be avoided?
or
What are ‘non-monetary exchanges’? Explain with suitable examples how they are a limitation of the GDP as an
‘indicator of welfare’.
14. Find Gross Value Added at Market Price from the given data:
(`Lakh)
(i) Depreciation 20
(iv) Domestic sales 200
(v) Net change in stocks (—)10
(vi) Exports 10
(vii) Single use producer goods 120
15. Read the given text carefully and explain the basis of classifying taxes into direct and indirect tax with examples.
To run a nation judiciously, the government needs to collect tax from the eligible citizens; paying taxes to the
local government is an integral part of everyone’s life, no matter where we live in the world. Now, taxes can be
collected in any form such as state taxes, central government taxes, direct taxes, indirect taxes, and much more.
For your ease, taxation is divided into two categories, viz. direct taxes and indirect taxes. This segregation is based
on how the tax is being paid to the government.
16. (a) On the basis of given figures interpret India’s performance in BoP and foreign exchange reserve.
(b) Distinguish between depreciation of a currency and devaluation of a currency.
17. Draw a hypothetical propensity to consume curve and from it derive the propensity to save curve. Explain the
steps involved.
or
Explain the ‘Consumption Function’ with the help of a schedule and diagram.
18. In which of the following areas, Pakistan has an edge over India?
(i) Export of software after economic reforms
(ii) Number of Phd’s produced in science and engineering every year
(iii) Percentage of undernourished children
(a) (i) and (iii) (b) (ii) and (iii)
(c) only (iii) (d) (i) and (ii)
19. Statement 1: In 1997, a UN conference on climate change was held in Japan.

Statement 2: Global warming refers to the destruction of ozone in the ozone layer, due to presence of chlorine
from man-made chlorofluorocarbons and other forces.
20. “The goal of equitable or rational distribution of land was not fully served by abolition of intermediaries”. Why?
(a) Owning to policy loopholes, former zamindars continued to owe large lands
(b) In some areas, zamindars claimed to be self-cultivators
(c) Lack of political will
21. What is the full form of PPP in terms of Gross Domestic Product?
(a) Purchasing Power Price
(b) Purchasing Power Parity
(c) Public Private Partnership
(d) None of these
22. Which of the following are major fish producing states in India?
(i) Odisha
(ii) Gujarat
(iii) Maharashtra
(iv) Andhra Pradesh
(a) (i), (ii) and (iii) (b) (i), (ii) and (iv)
(c) (i), (iii) and (iv) (d) (ii), (iii) and (iv)
23. Assertion (A): Pakistan shifted its policy orientation in late 1970s and 1980s.
Reason (R): A variety of regulated policy framework after independence lead to slow growth of Pakistan.
24. A campaign in China in 1958 where people were encouraged to set up industries in their backyard was named as:
(a) Anti-rightist Movement
(b) Great Leap Forward
(c) Four Pests Campaign
(d) Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution
25. Match the situations given in Column I with their respective implications given in Column II and choose the
correct alternative:
Column I Column II
A. White revolution (i) It is also known as the Neel Kranti Mission
B. Blue revolution (ii) It was found by MS Swaminathan
C. Golden revolution (iii) It is also known as Operation Flood.
D. Green revolution (iv) It is related to increased production of honey and horticulture.
Alternatives:
(a) A - (iii), B - (iv), C - (ii), D - (i)
(b) A - (iii), B - (i), C - (ii), D - (iv)
(c) A - (iii), B - (ii), C - (i), D - (iv)
(d) A - (iii), B - (i), C - (iv), D - (ii)
26. Observe the image given below and choose the most appropriate option.
(a) Higher population is a bane for the country

(b) Development is sustainable when there is inter-generational consideration
(c) Growth always stimulates personal development
27. Which duty has been removed to increase the competitive position of Indian goods in the international markets?
(a) Custom duty
(b) Import duty
(c) Export duty
(d) None of these
28. Give the steps taken towards ‘Privatisation’ in 1991.

or
State the fiscal reforms introduced under the New Economic Policy in 1991.
29. Interpret the given picture on account of economic reforms of 1991.

Country Annual Growth of Population (%) Sex Ratio
India 1.2 929
Pakistan 2.1 947
(a) Comment upon the annual population growth rate in India and Pakistan.
(b) Comment upon the Sex Ratio in both the above countries.
31. What do you mean by globalisation? Give its main features.

or
Highlight the main features of Indian economy on the eve of independence.
32. What activities you would suggest to generate employment in rural areas?
33. Why is the world faced with an environmental crisis?

or
Provide any three suggestions to improve agricultural marketing.
understanding: People, generally are emotionally attached to their place of birth. But millions of people leave
their places of birth and residence. There could be variety of reasons. These reasons can be put into two broad
categories, i.e., push factor, these cause people to leave their place of residence or origin; and pull factors, which
attract the people from different places.
In India, people migrate from rural to urban areas mainly due to poverty, high population pressure on the land, lack
of basic infrastructural facilities like healthcare, education, etc. Apart from these factors, natural disasters such
as flood, drought, cyclonic storms, earthquake, tsunami, wars and local conflicts also give extra push to migrate.
On the other hand, there are pull factors which attract people from rural areas to cities. The most important pull
factor for majority of the rural migrants to urban areas is the better opportunities, availability of regular work and
relatively higher wages. Better opportunities for education, better health facilities and sources of entertainment,
etc., are also quite important pull factors.
Hence, migration is a response to the uneven distribution of opportunities over space. People tend to move from
place of low opportunity and low safety to the place of higher opportunity and better safety. This, in turn, creates
both benefits and problems for the areas, people migrate from and migrate to. Consequences can be observed in
economic, social, cultural, political and demographic terms.
(a) Explain, why in India people mainly migrate from rural to urban areas?
(b) Explain, how expenditure on migration is a source of human capital formation?
Sample Paper 6
ECONOMICS (030)
1. “During January to November 2007, India experienced a rise in overseas investment amounting to a net $18.8
billion of stocks and bonds.”
This will be recorded in which account of balance of payments?
(a) Current account (b) Capital account
(c) Both (a) and (b) (d) Neither (a) nor (b)
2. Which of the following gives a correct definition of the term ‘near money’?
(a) Asset which has no store of value function.
(b) Asset which is a medium of exchange.
(c) Asset which has 100% liquidity.
(d) Asset which fulfils the store of value function and can be converted into a medium of exchange at a short
notice.
3. Credit creation by commercial banks is determined by .

(a) Statutory Liquidity Ratio (SLR)
(b) Initial deposits
(c) Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR)
(d) All of these
4. Choose the correct statement from given below.

(a) Accommodating items are only recorded in capital account of BoP.
(b) Import of machinery will be recorded in capital account of BoP.
(c) Balance of trade records the exports and imports of invisible items.
(d) A surplus in BoT can rectify the deficit in BoP.
5. Statement I : According to the theory of Keynesian Economics, the value of the Average Propensity to Consume
(APC) can never be zero.
Statement II : The Keynesian Aggregate Supply is perfectly elastic before the level of full employment is attained.
In the light of the given statements, choose the correct alternative from the following
(a) Both statements are false (b) Both statements are true
(c) Statement I is true and Statement II is false (d) Statement I is false and Statement II is true
6. The government of India has decided to vaccinate the adult population of India (with Covaxin/Covishield),
without any charge. This would be categorised as .
(a) revenue nature income (b) capital nature expenditure
(c) revenue nature expenditure (d) capital nature income
7. Analyse the following chart carefully and answer the given question
When money moves out of the circular flow of income, it is known as

(a) Leakages (b) Dividends
(c) Injections (d) None of the above
8. Which of the following is correct?

(a) APC + APS = 1 (b) APC = C/Y
(c) MPC = 1 – MPS (d) All of these

Consumption Saving Supply Aggregate
(C) (S) (C + S)
80 –80 0
240 ...(i)... 200
...(ii)... 0 400
560 40 ...(iii)...
...(iv)... 80 800
Alternatives
(a) –40, 600, 400, 560 (b) 40, 400, 600, 720
(c) –40, 400, 600, 720 (d) –40, 400, 800, 560
10. Assertion : There is an inverse relationship between the value of investment multiplier and marginal propensity
to consume.
Reason : Saving is a leakage in the circular flow of income. Greater the savings, greater the leakage and lower the
value of investment multiplier.
(a) Assertion is true, but Reason is false
(b) Assertion is false, but Reason is true
(c) Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.
(d) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion.
11. Calculate Net National Product at Market Price from the following data
Items ` (in crores)
Net factor income from abroad (–) 5
Private final consumption expenditure 100
Personal tax 20
Gross national disposable income 170
Corporation tax 15
Gross domestic capital formation 30
Personal disposable income 70
Savings of private corporate sector 5
Net national disposable income 145
12. India’s balance of payments is in disequilibrium. Enumerate some of the factors, which according to you, can be
the causes of disequilibrium.
or
What is meant by managed floating?
13. In an economy, if initial investments are increased by ` 100 crores, discuss the working of investment multiplier
presuming marginal propensity to consume is 0.8.
14. “There are various components of money supply as used by the RBI”. Do you agree with the given statement?
Explain.
15. ‘Mission Develop India’ is the plan of government to create basic infrastructure. It comprises of projects on
irrigation, roads, housing, water supply and telecommunication connectivity.
Above stated example is a government expenditure or government revenue. Elaborate it. Also, state the impact
of this programme on rural growth.
or
Can a fiscal deficit occur without a revenue deficit?
16. (i) Explain the circular flow of income.

(ii) Distinguish between Real Gross Domestic Product and Nominal Gross Domestic Product.
17. (i) The figure given explains the working of a ‘reverse repo rate’ in context of a given economy. In simple terms,
explain how reverse repo rate helps in correcting the situation of ‘excess demand’?
(ii) What are the elements important in the determination of investment?

or
(i) Explain the concept of deflationary gap and the role of ‘open market operations’ in reducing this gap.
(ii) Using a well-labelled diagram, show how saving curve can be derived from consumption curve.
18. “Modernisation as a planning objective refers to the use of new and modern technology in production process.”
In the context of the given statement, which of the following is/are the components of modernisation a planning
objective?
(a) Modernisation in the technology
(b) Modernisation in the outlook
(d) Neither (a) and (b)
19. Assertion : Government policies have failed to address the vast majority of vulnerable people who are living on
orjust above the poverty line due to unemployment.
Reason : High growth alone is not sufficient to reduce unemployment. Without the active participation of the poor,
successful implementation of any programme is not possible.
20. Which of the following provides a correct explanation of rural development?

(a) Social and legal upliftment of rural areas
(b) Social and economic upliftment of rural areas
(c) Economic and legal upliftment of rural areas
(d) Social and technical upliftment of rural areas
21. The main objective of the zamindars during the land settlement system was to
(a) collect rent with no interest in the economic condition of the cultivators
(b) cooperate with colonial government to improve the condition of agriculture
(c) improve the economic condition of the cultivators
(d) improve the crop yield by making significant contributions in technology and fertilisers usage
22. means designing and shaping the socio-economic processes in such a way so as to achieve an objective.
(a) Economic Planning
(b) Economic Growth
(c) Economic Process
(d) Economic Development
23. Arrange the given events in chronological order and choose the correct alternative
(i) Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution
(ii) Great Leap Forward Campaign
(iii) Introduction of Economic Reforms
(iv) First Five Year Plan
(a) (ii), (iv), (i), (iii)
(b) (ii), (iv), (iii), (i)
(c) (iv), (i), (ii), (iii)
(d) (iv), (ii), (i), (iii)
24. has followed the classical development pattern of gradual shift from agriculture to manufacturing and
then to service.
(a) India
(b) China
(c) Pakistan
(d) All of these
25. Choose the correct pair

Column I Column II
A. Voluntary unemployment (i) Worker is willing to work but is not getting work
B. Involuntary unemployment (ii) Worker is not willing to work at existing wage rate
C. Frictional unemployment (iii) A worker is not getting work in a particular season
D. Disguised unemployment (iv) Marginal productivity of a worker is zero
Codes
(a) C-(iii) (b) D-(iv)
(c) A-(i) (d) B-(ii)
26. Statement I : Institutional credit availability is imperative for development of rural areas.
Statement II : Reserve Bank of India is the apex institution in rural banking to regulate the banking system.
(a) Both the statements are correct
(b) Both the statements are incorrect
(c) Statement I is correct and Statement II is incorrect
(d) Statement II is correct and Statement I is incorrect
27. Observe the picture given below and choose the correct statement from the options given below.
(a) Investment in human capital reinforces GDP

(c) Health is the only component of human development
(b) Both the statements are false
28. The figure given below provides a snapshot of the report published by UN WOMEN and other associates. It asks
how the United Nations system, and each individual entity, can better support Member States to empower women
and promote women’s leadership in disaster and climate risk governance. On the basis of your understanding, can
you comment on the relationship between ‘Empowering women, means employing women’.
29. Defend or refute the following statement with valid explanation.

‘Chinese structural reform process have always been appreciated for its success with no failures’.
or
Critically evaluate various strategies that have been adopted by the Chinese government for its growth and
development.
30. State whether the following statements are true or false, with valid arguments :
(i) There has been a decline in growth rate of agricultural sector during the reform period.
(ii) There were several hurdles faced by the land reform and the land ceiling legislation during the pre-reform
period.
31. The following table shows distribution of workforce in India for the year 1972-73. Analyse it and give reasons for
the nature of workforce distribution.
Place of Residence Workforce (in millions)
Male Female Total
Rural 125 69 194
Urban 32 7 39
32. “India, China and Pakistan have many similarities in their development strategies.” Elaborate.
or
(i) Define liberty indicators.
(ii) ‘China’s rapid industrial growth can be traced back to its reforms in 1978.’ Support the given statement with
valid explanation.
33. (i) Differentiate between a worker, non-worker and an unemployed person.

(ii) Give two examples of overuse of environmental resources.
(iii) Give any two points of differences between physical and human capital.
or
(i) Read the given lines taken from the article on ‘Sustainable human development means living in harmony
with nature’ published by International Science Council on 17th July, 2020.
“We cannot be developed unless our lives become reconnected and in balance, cooperation and harmony with
nature.” In light of the given statement, explain how development has become a burden on the environment?
(ii) “Micro credit has an important role to play in meeting the credit requirements of the poor”. Defend or refute
the statement with valid explanation.
34. Read the following text carefully and answer the given question on the basis of the same and common understanding
India agreed to the conditionalities of World Bank and IMF and announced the New Economic Policy (NEP).
The NEP consisted of wide ranging economic reforms. The thrust of the policies was towards creating a more
competitive environment in the economy and removing the barriers to entry and growth of firms. This set of
policies can broadly be classified into two groups: the stabilisation measures and the structural reform measures.
Stabilisation measures are short-term measures, intended to correct some of the weaknesses that have developed
in the balance of payments and to bring inflation under control. In simple words, this means that there was a
need to maintain sufficient foreign exchange reserves and keep the rising prices under control. On the other
hand, structural reform policies are long-term measures, aimed at improving the efficiency of the economy and
increasing its international competitiveness by removing the rigidities in various segments of the Indian economy.
The government initiated a variety of policies which fall under three heads viz., liberalisation, privatisation and
globalisation.
Another reform measure taken to simplify the tax structure and avoid cascading of taxes has been taken in the new
millennial, in particular the Goods and Services Tax (GST). The genesis of the introduction of GST in the country
was laid down in the historic Budget Speech of 28th February 2006, wherein the then
Finance Minister laid down 1st April, 2010 as the date for the introduction of GST in the country. Thereafter,
there has been a constant endeavour for the introduction of the GST in the country whose culmination has been
the introduction of the Constitution (122nd Amendment) Bill in December, 2014.
(i) Justify the following statement with valid explanation
“Economic reforms have restricted the role of Public Sector Units (PSUs) in the country.” Discuss.
(ii) On the basis of your knowledge and understanding, can you think of some reasons how GST is beneficial
from trade and industry’s perspective.
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Sample Paper 7
ECONOMICS (030)
1. Two friends Madhu and Saroj were discussing the exchange rate systems. “Under this system, the exchange rates
are determined by the market forces of demand and supply.
However, deliberate efforts are made by the competent authority to keep the exchange rates within a specific
range”.
The above mentioned statement was given by Saroj, identify the type of exchange rate system was she talking
about.
(a) Fixed exchange rate
(b) Floating exchange rate
(c) Managed floating exchange rate
(d) Managed fixed exchange rate
2. From the following, identify the correct statement regarding inflationary gap.
(i) It raises the level of output.
(ii) It does not change the level of output.
(iii) It raises the general price level.
(a) (i) and (iii)
(b) (i) and (ii)
(d) (ii) and (iii)
3. Statement 1: Decrease in demand for foreign currency leads to currency depreciation.

Statement 2: Capital account is a part of Balance of Trade.
4. Welfare affected by factors like income is welfare, whereas the welfare affected by factors like pollution is
called welfare.
(a) non-economic; non-economic (b) economic; non-economic
(c) economic; economic (d) non-economic; economic
5. In an economy, the saving and investment functions are given as

S = – 100 + 0.2y
I = – 30 + 0.1y
The equilibrium level of income will be .
(a) 600 (b) 700
(c) 1,000 (d) 900
6. Find the missing figures and choose the correct alternative

Economy Nominal GDP (in crore) Real GDP (in crore) GDP
Deflator
(A) 3,500 6,000 ...(i)...
(B) 4,000 ...(ii)... 50%
(C) ...(iii)... 7,500 66.67%
(D) 2,000 2,500 ...(iv)...
Alternatives
(a) 50%, 6,000, 5,000, 58%
(b) 58%, 8,000, 5,000, 60%
(c) 58.33%, 8,000, 5,000, 80%
(d) 60%, 8,000, 4,000, 90%
7. Identify the correct pair of items from the following Column I and Column II:
Column I Column II
A. Exports of merchandise (i) Debit item in the Current Account of BoP
B. A gift from foreigner (ii) Credit item in the Capital Account of BoP
C. Imports of services (iii) Debit item in the Current Account of BoP
D. Lending abroad (iv) Debit item in the Capital Account of BoP
Alternatives:
(a) C - (iii)
(b) D - (iv)
(c) A - (i)
(d) B - (ii)
8. Observe the given figure carefully and choose the correct pair from the alternatives given below:
Alternatives:
(a) A : Medium of Exchange; B : Standard of Deferred Payment; C : Secondary Functions; Functions
(b) A : Standard of Deferred Payment; B : Medium of Exchange; C : Primary Functions; D Functions
(c) A : Standard of Deferred Payment; B : Medium of Exchange; C : Secondary Functions; Functions
(d) A : Medium of Exchange; B : Standard of Deferred Payment; C : Primary Functions; D Functions
9. Assertion (A): If aggregate demand is more than aggregate supply at any given level of income, it is not
equilibrium level of income.
Reason (R): Equilibrium level of income is the situation where investment is equal to savings.
10. An Indian company sells machinery to Zambia. This transaction will be recorded on side of .
(a) credit; current account (b) debit; current account
(c) debit; capital account (d) credit; capital account
11. Study the given information carefully

Union Budget of India at a glance (in ` crore) 2014-15
(i) Tax Revenue (net to centre) 9,86,417
(ii) Non-Tax Revenue 1,80,714
(iii) Capital Receipts 5,96,083
(iv) Recoveries of Loans 10,527
(v) Other Receipts 56,925
(vi) Borrowing and Other Liabilities 5,28,631
(vii) Non-plan Expenditure on Revenue Account 11,07,781
(viii) Of which, Interest Payment 4,27,011

(ix) Non-Plan Expenditure on Capital Account 1,00,111
(x) Plan Expenditure on Revenue Account 4,42,273
(xi) Plan Expenditure on Capital Account 1,13,049
(xii) National GDP 1,28,39,952
(xiii) Plan Expenditure of GDP Ratio A
What is value of ‘A’ is equal ?
12. State giving valid reasons, whether the following statements are true or false:
(a) Current account is a part of Balance of Trade.
(b) External assistance is recorded in Balance of Payments account.
or
Distinguish between fixed exchange rate and flexible exchange rate.
13. (a) Define money.

(b) Explain the process of deposit creation by a commercial bank, using an hypothetical example.
14. In an economy, the consumption function is given as C = 100 + 0.5 Y. Show that in this economy as income
increases, APC will decrease with the help of a numerical example.
or
(a) Define ‘Investment Multiplier’ and give its relationship with MPS.
(b) Define ‘Involuntary unemployment’. Is it taken into account while determining the labour force of the
country?
15. “Currency is issued by the central bank, yet we say that commercial banks create money”. Explain. How is this
money creation by commercial banks likely to affect the national income?
16. (a) On the basis of given table, comment on the performance of Gross Fixed Capital Formation as a measure of
Investment.
Components 2019-20 (1st RE) 2020-21 (PE) 2021-22 (1st AE) Recovery over 2019-20
Total Consumption 5.9 -7.3 7.0 99.2
Government Consumption 7.9 2.9 7.6 110.7
Private Consumption 5.5 -9.1 6.9 97.1
Gross Fixed Capital Formation 5.4 -10.8 15.0 102.6
Exports -3.3 -4.7 16.5 111.1
Imports -0.8 -13.6 29.4 111.8
GDP 4.0 -7.3 9.2 101.3
Source: NSO
Note: RE - Revised Estimates, PE - Provisional Estimates, AE - Advance Estimates
(b) ‘Should payment for which no service is rendered in return’ be included/excluded in the estimation of national
income. State with valid reason.
or
Suppose GDP of Nation C was `4,000 crores in 2018-19, when GDP of Nation D in the same year was ` 2,40,000
crores. If GDP of Nation C rises to `8,000 crores in 2019-20 and GDP of nation D rises to `4,00,000 crores in
2019-20.
Compare the rate of change of GDP of nations C and D taking 2018-19 as the base year.
17. (a) Elaborate how the “allocation of resources” can be influenced in the government budget through taxes,
expenditure and subsidies.
(b) Giving reason, classify the following items as revenue expenditure and capital expenditure:
(i) Subsidies
(ii) Repayment of Loan
18. National Bank for Agricultural and Rural Development (NABARD) was set up in 1982 as a/the body to
coordinate the activities of all institutions involved in the rural financing system.
(a) cooperative (b) apex
(c) micro credit (d) private credit
19. “It is an economic phenomenon in which an economy grows without maintaining or declining its level of
employment. i.e. when the economy expands without creating new jobs, unemployment stays persistently high”.
The situation highlighted in the above statement is an indicator of
(a) jobless growth (b) casual workforce
(c) unemployment (d) Both (a) and (b)
20. Which adverse effect of unemployment is being depicted in the picture below?
(a) Loss of output (b) Low productivity

(c) Increase in inequalities (d) Depression
21. Which among the following is a process that involves the assembling, storage, processing, transportation,
packaging, grading and distribution of different agricultural commodities across the country?
(a) Agricultural Management (b) Agricultural Banking
(c) Agricultural Diversification (d) Agricultural Marketing
22. Statement 1: As per the Human Development Report, 2018, India was ranked at 180th position.
Statement 2: China has the highest life expectancy.
23. was the notable estimator whose national income and per capita income estimates during the colonial
period were considered very significant.
(a) RC Desai (b) VKRV Rao
(c) Dadabhai Naoroji (d) William Digby
24. The motive of British Government behind de-industrialisation was:

(i) To get raw material from India at cheap rate
(ii) To sell British manufactured goods in Indian market at high prices
(iii) To focus on development of agriculture
(iv) To get finished products from India at cheap rate
(a) (ii) and (iv) (b) (ii) and (iii)
(c) (i) and (ii) (d) Only (iv)
(i) Special Economic Zones
(ii) Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution
(iii) Commune System
(iv) Establishment of People’s Republic of China
(a) (ii), (iv), (iii), (i) (b) (ii), (iv), (i), (iii)
(c) (iv), (i), (ii), (iii) (d) (iv), (iii), (ii), (i)
26. Assertion (A): In the first seven five year plans, trade in India was characterised by an ‘inward looking trade
strategy’ which is called ‘import substitution’.
Reason (R): The policy’s aim was to protect the domestic industries from foreign competition in the form of
tariffs and quotas.
27. From the set of events/systems given in Column I and corresponding relevant fact given in Column II, about
Pakistan, choose the correct pair of statement:
Column I Column II
A. Nationalisation of capital goods industries (i) 1970s
B. Medium-term Development Plan (ii) 1953
C. Reforms were initiated (iii) 1960s
D. Declining growth rate (iv) 41% people work in agriculture
Alternatives:
(a) D - (iv)
(b) C - (iii)
(c) B - (ii)
(d) A - (i)
28. “The traditional handicraft industries were ruined under the British rule.” Accept/Refute the above statement by
giving reasons.
or
Were there any positive contributions made by the British in India? Discuss.
29. Interpret the given picture on account of current environmental challenges.
30. State, giving valid reasons, whether the following statements are true or false:
(a) Unemployment is the reason for the rural-urban migration in India.
(b) Human capital formation gives birth to innovation, invention and technological improvements.
31. Explain the role of non-farm employment in promoting rural diversification.

or
Explain the steps taken by the government in developing rural markets.
32. Compare and analyse the given data of India and China with valid arguments.
Country Annual Growth Rate of Population (2015) Gender Ratio (per 1000 males)
India 1.2% 929
China 0.5% 941
33. (a) ‘The Indian government has been taking steps for human capital formation, yet human capital formation facing
problems.’ Explain any three such problems of human capital formation.
(b) ‘Education Commission 1964-66 had recommended that at least 6 per cent of GDP must be spent on
education.’ How far India has been able to achieve the said goal?
or
Critically evaluate the role of the rural banking system in the process of rural development in India.
understanding:
The cotton textile industry is one of the traditional industries of India. In the ancient and the medieval times, it
used to be only a cottage industry. India was famous worldwide for the production of muslin, a very fine variety
of cotton cloth, calicos, chintz and other different varieties of fine cotton cloth. The development of this industry
in India was due to several factors. One, it is a tropical country and cotton is the most comfortable fabric for a
hot and humid climate. Second, large quantity of cotton was grown in India. Abundant skilled labour required
for this industry was available in this country. In fact, in some areas the people were producing cotton textiles
for generations and transferred the skill from one generation to the other and in the process perfected their skills.
Initially, the British did not encourage the development of the indigenous cotton textile industry. They exported
raw cotton to their mills in Manchester and Liverpool and brought back the finished products to be sold in India.
This cloth was cheaper because it was produced at mass scale in factories in UK as compared to the cottage based
industries of India.
In 1854, the first modern cotton mill was established in Mumbai. This city had several advantages as a cotton
textile manufacturing centre. It was very close to the cotton producing areas of Gujarat and Maharashtra. Raw
cotton used to be brought to Mumbai port to be transported to England. Therefore, cotton was available in Mumbai
city itself. Moreover, Mumbai even then was the financial centre and the capital needed to start an industry was
available there. As a large town, providing employment opportunities attracted labour in large numbers. Hence,
cheap and abundant labour too was available locally. The machinery required for a cotton textile mill could
be directly imported from England. Subsequently, two more mills, the Shahpur Mill and the Calico Mill were
established in Ahmedabad. By 1947, the number of mills in India went up to 423 but the scenario changed after
partition, and this industry suffered a major recession. This was due to the fact that the most of the good quality
cotton growing areas had gone to West Pakistan and India was left with 409 mills and only 29 per cent of the
cotton producing area.
(a) Where were cotton textile industries mainly located in India? How their location and ownership was different
from that of Jute textile industries?
(b) Why were cotton textile mills mainly located in western parts of the country (specially Mumbai) only?
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Sample Paper 8
ECONOMICS (030)
1. “Suppose there has been an increased demand of Japanese Yen in July 2022, which has resulted in its appreciation
and depreciation of Indian rupee.” What could be the possible reason(s) for the same?
(a) There has been an increased demand of Japanese goods by Indian residents
(b) Indian government decided to repay the loan taken during Covid-19
(c) Indian tourists have considered visiting Japan during their vacations
2. Suppose in an economy, the initial deposits of `400 crores lead to the creation of total deposits worth `4,000
crores. Under the given situation, the value of reserve requirements would be .
(a) 0.01 (b) 1
(c) 0.1 (d) 0.4
3. Observe the image given below carefully and identify the objective that government should pursue to deal with
this situation.
(a) Increase in economic growth (b) Reducing inequality of income and wealth
(c) Reallocation of resources (d) None of the above
4. Statement 1: APC is the ratio of consumption expenditure to total income, i.e., APC = Y
C ∆Y
Statement 2: MPC is the ratio of change in consumption to change in income, i.e., MPC = ∆C
5. In a government budget, if ‘revenue receipts are ` 100, capital receipts are ` 50 and revenue deficit is ` 25, how
much is the revenue expenditure?
(a) ` 50 (b) ` 75
(c) ` 100 (d) ` 125
6. Assertion (A): Consumption and investment are the two components of aggregate demand in a closed economy.
Reason (R): Aggregate demand curve always start from origin with a positive slope.
7. Which of the following statements is correct?

(i) Supply of money is a stock concept.
(ii) Supply of money does not include stock of money held by the government.
(iii) Supply of money includes the stock of money by the banking system of a country.
(a) (i) and (iii) (b) (i), (ii) and (iii)
(c) (ii) and (iii) (d) (i) and (ii)
8. Two friends discussed the recent changes made in the taxation system by the Government in the year 2017 and
commented, “this revolutionary tax exhibits a unified system of taxation while subsuming all the other taxes and
making the previously cumbersome process of taxes easy.” Which tax they are discussing and one quality that
particular tax possesses?
(a) Corporate tax, burden cannot be shifted (b) Income tax, burden can be shifted
(c) Value-added tax, burden can be shifted (d) Goods and Services tax, burden can be shifted
9. Choose the correct alternatives to be filled in given blanks A, B and C.
(a) A - Government budget, B - Revenue receipts, C - Capital receipts

(b) A - Revenue receipts, B - Capital receipts, C - Government budget
(c) A - Capital receipts, B - Revenue receipts, C - Government budget
(d) A - Capital receipts, B - Government budget, C - Revenue receipts
10. Find the missing figures and choose the correct option.
Income MPC MPS Saving (S) Average Propensity to Save (APS)
0 –– –– –90 ––
100 0.6 0.4 ...(i)... 0.4
200 0.6 0.4 ...(ii)... ...(iv)...
300 0.6 0.4 ...(iii)... 0.4
(a) 40, 60, 80, 0.4 (b) 40, 80, 120, 0.4
(c) 60, 80, 120, 0.4 (d) 80, 100, 120, 0.6
11. ‘Many large Multinational Corporations (MNCs) have recently shifted their investments from China and have
started their production in India, thereby boosting the Make in India plans of the Government’. Presuming other
factors being constant, discuss the effects of the given statement on Foreign Exchange rates with reference to the
Indian Economy.
12. ‘Exchange rate of US$ rose considerably in India.’ Explain the impact of this statement on Indian exports and
analyse its repercussion on the general masses.
or
State the components of the current account of Balance of Payments.
13. Read the following text carefully and explain the relevant function of the money indicated here.
It was virtually impossible to store surplus value in the barter economy. The discovery of money has eliminated
this difficulty. With the help of money, people can store surplus purchasing power and use it whenever they wish
to. Savings in the form of money are not only secure but the possibility of it being disrupted is very low. Besides,
money can be carried around and is portable. By facilitating accumulation of money, money has become the only
basis of promoting capital formation.
14. How is GST administered in India?

or
Explain the role of government budget in fighting inflationary and deflationary tendencies.
15. India’s GDP contracted 23.9% in the April-June quarter of 2020-21 as compared to same period of 2019-20,
suggesting that the lockdown has hit the economy hard”.
— Hindustan Times, 1st September 2020
State and discuss any two fiscal measures that may be taken by the Government of India to correct the situation
indicated in the above news report.
16. (a) Calculate GDP at market price by Income Method:

(` in crores)
(i) Compensation of employees 120
(ii) Exports 25
(iii) Mixed Income of the self-employed 140
(iv) Imports 30
(v) Interest on national debt 5
(vi) Private final consumption expenditure 255
(vii) Gross fixed capital formation 65
(viii) Consumption of fixed capital 40
(ix) Subsidies 10
(x) Government’s final consumption expenditure 35
(xi) Change in stocks 20
(xii) Indirect tax 45
(xiii) Net factor income from rest of the world (—) 10
(xiv) Rent, interest and profit 50
(b) Explain the basis of classifying goods into final goods and intermediate goods, with the help of suitable
examples.
or
(a) Calculate Net National Product at Market Price from the following data:
(` in thousand crores)
(i) Compensation of employees 250
(ii) Mixed income of self-employeds 600

(iii) Profit 80
(iv) Interest 40
(v) Rent 30
(vi) Net factor income to abroad (—) 10
(vii) Net exports 15
(viii) Consumption of fixed capital 20
(ix) Net indirect taxes 10
(x) Net current transfers to abroad 8
(b) Explain how the following should be treated while estimating national income:
(i) Free medical facilities by the employer
(ii) Income arising out of the sale of shares
17. Interpret the given shown trend in capital expenditure. Also state reason why government has relied on it after
Covid-19 disruptions.
18. “Green revolution leads to marketable surplus”. What does it refers to?
(a) Production of crops for self-consumption
(b) Production of crops for selling in market
(c) Production of crops for maintaining sufficient stock
19. Assertion (A): Privatisation process leads to a change in management with a change in ownership.
Reason (R): Change in management is not a necessary condition for the process of privatization. In the light of
the given statements, choose the correct alternative from the following:
(a)Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A)
20. As per the image given below, which of the following facilitates free trade?
(a) Liberalisation (b) Privatisation

(c) Globalisation (d) Both (a) and (c)
21. Three-tire system of rural co-operative credit societies is:

(a) Central Co-operative Banks (b) State Co-operative Banks
(c) Primary Agricultural Credit Societies (PACS) (d) All of these
22. Before introducing new technology, a firm provides the basic skills to the workers regarding its usage. Which of
the following sources of human capital formation is being highlighted here?
(a) Expenditure on information\ (b) Study programme for adults
(c) Investment in education (d) On-the-job training
23. ‘Since independence, India has witnessed a considerable fall in the Infant Mortality Rate in India. Identify which
of the following may not be one of the reasons for the fall in the Infant Mortality Rate?
(i) Improvement in health facilities over the years
(ii) Improvement in educational standards over the years
(iii) Fall in standard of living of the population of the nation over the years
(iv) Technological expansion over the years
(a) (iii) and (iv) (b) (i) and (ii)
(c) only (iii) (d) (ii) and (iv)
24. Statement 1: The production of a diverse variety of crops rather than one specialized crop is called diversification
of crop production.
Statement 2: The ‘Golden Revolution’ was a period of very high productivity in horticulture.
25. Identify the correct pair from Column I and Column II and choose the correct alternative:
Column I Column II
A. Objective of planning (i) Equal distribution
B. MRTP Act (ii) Protection of large scale industries
C. Second five year plan (iii) 1956-1961
D. Full employment (iv) A situation of zero unemployme
Alternatives:
(a) C - (iii) (b) A - (i)
(c) D - (iv) (d) B - (ii)
26. Data on unemployment in India can be obtained from

(a) National Sample Survey Organisation (b) Directorate General Employment of India
(c) Reports of Census of India (d) All of these
27. About per cent of female workforce is employed in the primary sector in India.
(a) 57 (b) 67
(c) 77 (d) 47
28. Observe the given figure carefully and answer the question that follows:
What was the offer before green revolution and why Indian farmers were not ready for the same offer after green
revolution?
29. Highlight the positive contributions made by the British in India.

or
What was the two-fold motive behind the systematic deindustrialisation affected by the British in pre-independent
India?
30. ‘Under the colonial regime the real motive behind the development of infrastructure was to meet various colonial
interests.’ Accept/Refute the above statement. Give reason in support of your answer.
31. Elucidate the functions of Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) to address the environmental concerns in
India.
or
“Indiscriminate felling of trees led to environmental problems.” Do you agree? Give reason to justify your answer.
32. On the basis of the following data answer the following questions.
Country Urbanisation Infant Mortality Rate
(Per 1,000 live births)
India 33 38
Pakistan 39 66
(a) Comment on the Infant Mortality Rate among India and Pakistan.
(b) ‘Pakistan is more urbanised than India.’ Do you agree?
33. ‘We have a moral obligation to hand over the planet earth in good order to the future generation’. Do you agree
with the above statement? Suggest any five measures to achieve the above obligation.
or
‘The reform process initiated in the early 1990s resulted in a decline in the number of workers employed in the
formal sector.’ Critically analyse.
understanding:
India’s land is undergoing degradation or desertification. In 2011-2013, it stood at 29.3 per cent of the total land,
representing an increase of 0.57 per cent (which is 1.87 million hectares in area) compared with 2003-2005,
according to a report-cum-atlas by ISRO’s Space Applications Centre. Soil erosion due to water and wind, and
degradation of vegetation cover were the main processes that has led to land degradation. Almost 90 per cent of
the states experienced a rise — notably Delhi and the northeastern states — in land degradation in 2011-2013
compared with 2003-2005 while four states showed slight decreases in land degradation. Reclaiming degraded
lands will require a strict land-use policy and better watershed management initiatives, say experts.
Land degradation can exacerbate climate change and threaten agricultural productivity, water quality, biodiversity,
sustainable development, and the living conditions of humans and wildlife, among other effects. Globally, a third
of our land is degraded, affecting 3 billion people, and it is expected to worsen with rising demand for food.
(a) What is land degradation? State the factors responsible for land degradation.
(b) State and discuss any two principal causes of environmental degradation.
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Sample Paper 9
ECONOMICS (030)
1. The estimated income receipts of the government in the budget of 2019-20 is `25,000 crore. The estimated
expenditure of the government in the same budget is `30,000 crore. The budget of the government is .
(a) balanced (b) deficit
(c) surplus (d) None of these
2. Observe the image given below carefully.
Which of the following about the money is indicated above?

(a) Money demand (b) Components of money supply
(c) Evolution of money (d) Modes of money supply
3. “Budget is used as an important policy instrument to combat fluctuations in an economy”.

In the light of above lines, identify the related objective of government budget.
(a) Allocation of resources (b) Stabilisation of price
(c) Growth of the economy (d) Redistribution of income
4. Assertion : Capital of balance of payment is non -recurring in nature.

Reason : Capital transfers affects the assets and liabilities of a country.
5. Find the missing figure and choose the correct alternative.

S.No. Income (Y) Saving (S) APS = S
Y
(i) 0 –400 ––
(ii) 1,000 –200 ...(i)...
(iii) 2,000 0 ...(ii)...
(iv) 3,000 200 ...(iii)...
(v) 4,000 ...(iv)... 0.1
Alternatives
(a) –0.4, 0, 0.034, 400 (b) –0.2, 0, 0.067, 400
(c) 0.2, 0, 0.067, 2 (d) 0.4, 0, 0.34, 400
6. Statement I : Intersectoral flows refer to the flow of goods and services as well as flow of money among different
sectors of the economy.
Statement II : Intersectoral interdependences are satisfied through a system of mutual exchanges, and mutual
exchanges lead to intersectoral flows of money as well as goods and services.
(a) Both statements are false
(b) Both statements are true
(c) Statement I is true and Statement II is false
(d) Statement I is false and Statement II is true
7. In the COVID-19 times, many economists have raised their concerns that Indian economy may have to face a
deflationary situation, due to reduced economic activities in the country. Suppose you are a member of the high
powered committee constituted by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI). You have suggested that as the supervisor of
commercial banks, of the money supply be ensured, by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI).
(a) release
(b) restriction
(c) contraction
(d) None of these
8. The money multiplier in an economy increases with .

(a) increase in banking habits of the population
(b) increase in the population of the country
(c) increase in cash reserve ratio
(d) increase in statutory liquidity ratio
9. Suppose that the Balance of Trade (BoT) of a nation, exhibits a surplus of ` 20,000 crores.
The import of merchandise of the nation is half of the exports of merchandise to the rest of the world.
The value of exports would be ` crores.
(a) 24,000
(b) 35,000
(c) 30,000
(d) 40,000
10. S = – 100 + 0.2Y is the saving function in an economy. Investment expenditure is ` 5,000. Calculate the equilibrium
level of income.
(a) ` 23,000
(b) ` 25,000
(c) ` 25,500
(d) ` 24,500
11. Calculate ‘Gross National Product at Factor Cost’ (GNP,c) from the following data by expenditure method
Items (in crores)
Private final consumption expenditure 1,000
Net domestic capital formation 200
Profits 400
Compensation of employees 800
Rent 250
Consumption of fixed capital 60
Interest 150
Net current transfers from rest of the world (–) 80
Net factor income from abroad (–)10
Net indirect taxes 80
12. Describe any three sources of demand for foreign exchange.

or
What is Balance of Payments? Give meanings of trade balance and current account balance.
13. Derive the formula,

1
K = MPS
Where K = Investment Multiplier
MPS = Marginal Propensity to Save
14. In the given figure, what does the gap ‘KT’ represent ? State and discuss any two fiscal measures to correct the
situation.
15. Read the given excerpt taken from the article ‘What is ‘Money” published by The Economic Times on 20th
September 2022
“The money came into existence to overcome the drawbacks of the barter system. Earlier, people used to exchange
goods and services as a form of commerce. This often led to many disadvantages, one of which was the double
coincidence of wants. To solve this problem, a standard medium of exchange, money, was introduced.”
Explain in brief the function of money highlighted in the given excerpt.
or
Define credit multiplier. What role does it play in determining the credit creation power of the banking system?’Use
a numerical illustration to explain.
16. (i) “Management of a water polluting oil refinery says that the it (oil refinery) ensures welfare through its
contribution to Gross Domestic Product”. Defend or refute the argument of management with respect to GDP
as a welfare measure of the economy.
(ii) Giving reason, explain the treatment assigned to the following while estimating national income
(a) Interest paid by banks on deposits by individuals
(b) National debt interest
17. (i) From the following data about a government budget, find out the following
(a) Revenue deficit
(b) Fiscal deficit
(c) Primary deficit
Contents ` (in Arab)
Tax revenue 47
Capital receipts 34
Non-tax revenue 10
Bornowings 32
Revenue expenditures 80
Interest payments 20
(ii) Explain the budgetary measures for achieving the objective of setting up of production units in backward
regions.
or
(i) Classify the following taxes into direct and indirect tax. Give reasons for your answer.
(a) Corporation tax
(b) Entertainment tax
(c) Excise duty
(ii) Distinguish between primary and revenue deficit?
18. “The Human Development Index (HDI) is a widely used measure to compare the development levels of different
countries”.
Which of the following statements is correct regarding the Human Development Index (HDI)?
(a) HDI only considers economic factors
(b) HDI is based on a single indicator
(c) HDI includes indicators of education, health and income
(d) HDI is applicable only to developed countries
19. When the consumption of natural resource is equal to the nature’s ability to replenish, then sustainability is
called
(a) not sustainable
(b) steady state economy
(c) environmentally sustainable
20. What does picture indicate about the movement of labour?
(a) Informalisation of workforce

(b) Casualisation of workforce
(c) Jobless growth
(d) Either (a) or (b)
21. Which of the following factors are not considered while constructing the HDI Index?
(a) A good environment as measured by appropriate environment policies
(b) A decent standard of living as measured by GDP per capita
(c) Long and healthy life measured by life expectancy at birth
(d) Knowledge as measured by the adult literacy rate
22. Assertion (A) Primary sector is an important source of labour supply to the secondary and tertiary sectors of the
economy.
Reason (R) When productivity rises in agriculture (owing to the use of innovative technology), less labour is
needed to produce a given level of output.
23. Which of the following measures does not come under the purview of an improved agricultural marketing system?
(a) Assurance of MSP, provision of food through PDS and maintenance of buffer stocks
(b) Regulation of markets to create an orderly and transparent marketing system
(c) Cooperative marketing, in realising fair prices for farmers’ products
(d) All of the above comes under the purview of an improved agricultural marketing system
24. Match the following

Column I Column II
A. Economic Development in China (i) Mao
B. India’s new Development Policy (ii) China
C. The Great Leap Forward (iii) 1978
D. Commune (iv) 1991
Codes
A B C D
(a) (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (b) (ii) (i) (iv) (iii)
(c) (iii) (iv) (i) (ii) (d) (iv) (ii) (i) (iii)
25. Statement I : There is a need for the owner of the human capital to be present in the place of production.
Statement II : Human capital is intangible; it is endogenously built in the body and mind of its owner.
26. Agricultural marketing does not comprise of

(a) storage of the produce for sale in future
(b) credit taken to meet expenditure on agriculture
(c) transportation of the produce to the market place for sale
(d) grading of the produce according to the quality
27. is a form of market intervention by the Government of India to insure agricultural produces against
any sharp fall in farm prices.
(a) Quality Assured Prices (QAP)
(b) Structural Adjustment Prices (SAP)
(c) Minimum Support Prices (MSP)
(d) Adequate Prices
28. The figure given below depicts that India’s environmental problems pose a dichotomy- they are poverty induced
and at the same time arise due to affluence in living standards. Do you agree with the given statement? Justify.
29. Bring out the need for on-the-job-training for a person.

or
Defend or refute the statement with valid explanation
“There are more number of regular salaried employees found in urban areas than in rural areas”.
30. Compare and analyse the given data of India and China, with valid reasons.
Country Annual Growth Rate of Population (2015) Gender Ratio (Per thousand males)
India 1.2 % 929
China 0.5 % 941
Source World Development Indicators, 2015
31. (i) Give the meaning of demonetisation?

(ii) Discuss briefly any two major steps taken by the Government of India on ‘Financial Sector’ front under the
Economic Reforms of 1991.
or
Deepesh argues that in the era of privatisation, there is no need for government intervention in education and
health sectors. However, his friend Mahesh argues that education and health care services create social benefits
and therefore there is a need for government intervention in education and health sectors. Decide with reasons,
who is right?
32. State whether the following statements are true or false, with valid arguments
(i) Substituting fertiliser subsidies with agricultural subsidies as the farmer was benefitting fertiliser industry
and not the target group has been the topic of immense debate regarding provision of subsidies during
1960’s and 70’s.
(ii) The main reason for constituting Karve Committee in 1955 was setting capital good industries in rural areas
and thus promoting rural development.
33. (i) Define worker population ratio.

(ii) What do you understand by the term ‘distress sale’?
(iii) Literacy rates in India have increased but so has the absolute number of illiterates. Why?
or
(i) Enlist some problems faced by farmers during the initial years of organic farming.
(ii) “In recent times, the Indian economy has experienced the problem of casualisation of the workforce. This
problem has only been aggravated by the outbreak of Covid-19.”
Do you agree with the given statement? Discuss any two disadvantages of casualisation of the workforce in the
light of the above statement.
understanding
One of the most compelling reasons for studying environmental science and management is the fact that, in the
view of many leading authorities, we are now experiencing an environmental crisis, indeed, many authors have
claimed that the present environmental crisis is unprecedented in its magnitude, pace and severity (Park 2001).
Awareness of this environmental crisis has grown since the 1970s, partly as a result of the prominence given to
major so-called ‘environmental’ disasters such as the Sahelian droughts of the 1970s and 1980s and the nuclear
accident at Chernobyl in 1986.
A major assessment of the global environment published in 1999, the UNEP Global Environment Outlook 2000
Report (UNEP 1999), drew attention to two critical, recurring themes
 the fact that the global human ecosystem is threatened by grave imbalances in productivity and in the
distribution of goods and services as evidenced by the fact that a large proportion of the human population
lives in poverty and that a widening gap exists between those who benefit from economic and technological
development and those who do not
 the fact that accelerating changes are occurring at the global scale, with rates of economic and social
development outstripping progress in achieving internationally co-ordinated environmental stewardship-
with the result that improvements in environmental protection due to new technologies are being ‘cancelled
out’ by the magnitude and pace of human population growth and economic development.
Consequently, a wide range of environmental problems has emerged, those problems include anthropogenic
climate change (‘global warming’), the depletion of stratospheric ozone (the ‘ozone hole’), the acidification of
surface waters (‘acid rain’), the destruction of tropical forests, the depletion and extinction of species, and the
precipitous decline of biodiversity. Yet, while all of these problems have physical (environmental) manifestations,
their causes - and their potential solutions - are invariably bound up with human attitudes, beliefs, values, needs,
desires, expectations and behaviours. Thus, the symptoms of the environmental crisis cannot be regarded purely
as physical problems requiring solutions by environmental ‘specialists’, instead, they are intrinsically human
problems and they are intimately related to the question of what it means to be human.
(i) “Opportunity costs of negative environ-mental impact are high.” Comment.
(ii) There exists a positive correlation between environmental sustainability and economics development. Do
you agree? Give suitable reason in support of your answer.
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Sample Paper 10
ECONOMICS (030)
1. In the Covid-19 times, many economists have raised their concerns that Indian economy may have to face a
deflationary situation, due to reduced economic activities in the country. Suppose you are a member of the high
powered committee constituted by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI). You have suggested that as the supervisor of
commercial banks,. of the money supply be ensured, by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI).
(a) restriction
(b) release
(c) contraction
2. Complete the table

Producer Value of Intermediate Consumption Value Added
Output
Baker 4,000 –– 4,000
Farmer ...(i)... 4.000 4,000
Retail Seller 8,800 ...(iii)... 800
Total ...(ii)... 12,000 ...(iv)...
Alternatives
(a) 4,000, 20,800, 4,000, 8,800
(b) 8,000, 20,800, 8,000, 8,800
(c) 8000, 10,400, 4,000, 8,800
(d) 4,000, 20,800, 8,000, 88,000
3. Which of the following situations of government budget is represented in the image below?
(a) Budget deficit (b) Budget surplus

(c) Balanced budget (d) None of these
4. Which of the following is/are not an assumption(s) of credit creation process?

(i) Entire banking system is taken as a single unit.
(ii) All transactions are done through banks.
(iii) There is no saving in the economy.
(a) Only (iii) (b) Only (i)
(c) Only (ii) (d) Both (i) and (ii)
5. ‘A’ has a good that ‘B’ wants and ‘B’ has a good that ‘A’ wants. This is referred to as under barter system of
exchange.
(a) store of value (b) double coincidence of want
(c) unit of account (d) None of the above
6. Balance of payments of an economy records for a fiscal year.

(a) inflow and outflow of foreign exchange to/from the economy
(b) inflow and outflow of loans to/from the rest of the world
(c) income an expenditure of the government
(d) inflow and outflow of funds of the government
7. Statement I : Marginal Efficiency of Capital (MEK) has a positive relationship both with prospective yield as well
as supply price.
Statement II : With the rise in the level of income, Average Propensity to Consume (APC) tends to fall.
(a) Both statements are false
(b) Both statements are true
8. Choose the correct alternatives to be filled in given blanks A and B.
(a) Low level of investment and low level of income

(b) Low level of income and low level of investment
(c) Low level of investment and low savings
(d) Low mobilisation of savings and low level of investment
9. If Marginal Propensity to Save (MPS) is 0.25 and initial change in investment is ` 250 crore, then the final change
in income would be
(a) ` 500 crore
(b) ` 3,500 crore
(c) ` 1,000 crore
(d) ` 1,200 crore
10. Assertion : During periods of economic depression, economy is caught in a low level equilibrium trap as
investment in the private sector tends to slide to its bottom.
Reason : The government can break the deadlock of low demand side factors by pumping investment into an
economy and thereby raising AD till such time the private investment is revived to achieve higher level of output
and employment.
Alternatives
11. Giving reasons, explain whether the given statements are true or false.
(i) Current account of balance of payments account records only export and import of goods and services.
(ii) Foreign investments are recorded in the capital account of balance of payments.
or
What is meant by flexible exchange rate system and fixed exchange rate systems?
12. From the information given below, find Net Value Added at Factor Cost.
Item (` in crore)
Durable use capital goods with a life span of 10 years 100
Single use producer goods 50
Sales 200
Unsold output produced during the year 20
Taxes on production 10
13. Read the following statements carefully and write true or false with a reason
(i) Excess demand raises the market value of output.
(ii) Prices and output increase in a situation of inflationary gap in an economy.
14. Consider the information given below

(i) Autonomous consumption = ` 5,000
(ii) Marginal Propensity to Save (MPS) = 0.2
(iii) Investment = ` 20,000
On the basis of the above informations, calculate
(a) Equilibrium level of national income
(b) Investment multiplier
15. ‘Lack of store of value’ was a major problem under barter system, but goods like diamond, gold can be easily
stored for future use. Then why this was not a popular mean under barter system?
or
Explain the ‘unit of account’ function of money. How has it solved the related problem created by barter?
16. (i) Why are export receipts not a part of net factor income from abroad?
(ii) Giving reasons explain how should the following be treated in estimation of national income
(a) Payment of corporate tax by a firm
(b) Purchase of machinery by a factory for own use
(c) Purchase of uniforms for nurses by a hospital
17. (i) The figure given below explains the situation of mounting fiscal deficit in context of Indian economy.
Explain any three implications of large fiscal deficit.
Source GOI Controller General Accounts

(ii) Explain how government budget can be helpful in bringing economic stabilisation in the economy.
or
(i) In the context of government budget, giving reasons, explain whether the following are a revenue receipt or
a capital receipt.
(a) Interest received on the loans given to Sri-Lankan government during Covid-19
(b) Sale of public sector undertaking
(ii) Public expenditure is necessary for the development of the country. In the light of the statement, explain any
two significance of public expenditure.
18. An adulterated element leak into the ground filtration, and carried into a ground water reservoir is known as
(a) land contamination (b) noise pollution
(c) water pollution (d) air pollution
19. Following image indicates which of the following source of human capital formation?
Above image indicates which of the following source of human capital formation?
(a) Investment in health (b) Migration
(c) Investment in education (d) On-the-job training
20. Match ‘labour force’ with the appropriate item from amongst the following.
(a) Employed + Unemployed (b) Work force
(c) All educated (d) All rural workers
21. Environment has many resources for us. A resource that can be totally replaced or is always available naturally,
or that is practically inexhaustible is known as .
(a) non-renewable resource (b) conventional resource
(c) non-conventional resource (d) renewable resource
22. What was the treatment given by the indigo planters to the peasants?
(a) Advancement of loans at a lower rate of Interest
(b) Peasants voluntarily agreed with the indigo planters to produce indigo
(c) They were paid low prices for growing indigo
(d) They were given support measures on how to grow indigo along with a piece of land
23. Marketed surplus refers to .

(a) portion of industrial produce sold in the market
(b) sale of consumer goods in the domestic market
(c) a certain proportion of both industrial and domestic produce sold in the market
(d) portion of agricultural produce sold in the market by farmers
24. The main issue(s) with protectionist or trade restrictive policies is/are .
(a) consumer sovereignty narrows down
(b) there is very less incentive for the domestic producers to improve the quality of their products
(d) it result in huge amount of capital inflows
25. Match the following :

Column I Column II
A. Economic Development in China (i) Mao
B. India’s new Development Policy (ii) China
Codes
A B C D
(a) (i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
(b) (ii) (i) (iv) (iii)
(c) (iii) (iv) (i) (ii)
(d) (iv) (ii) (i) (iii)
26. Statement I : A worker is an individual who is doing some productive work to earn a living.
Statement II : Majority of population in India is finding employment in the service sector which is growing at a
fast pace and growing continuously.
(a) Both statements are true
(b) Both statements are false
27. Assertion : It is imperative for Indian economy to undertake measures which help promote the rural development.
Reason : Almost two-third of India’s population depends on agriculture and nearly one-third of rural India lives
under the trap of poverty.
Alternatives
28. ‘Farmers resort to onion distress sale’, an article published by Orissa Post on 17th May, 2021. On account of the
figure given below, give the meaning of ‘distress sale’. Also explain any two obstacles that hinders the mechanism
of agricultural marketing.
29. How does finance sector be regularised so that the objective of rural development can be achieved?
or
Defend or refute the statement with valid explanation.
“Population explosion and the advent of industrial revolution have resulted in environmental crisis.”
30. State whether the following statements are true or false, with valid arguments
(i) It was quintessential for a developing country like India to pursue the goal of self-reliance on the eve of
independence.
(ii) Indian government followed inward looking trade policy before initiation of economic reforms in 1991.
31. Compare and analyse the ‘women worker population ratio’ in rural and urban areas based on following information
Worker Population Ratio in India, 2017-2018
Sex Worker Population Ratio
Total Rural Urban
Men 52.1 51.7 53.0
Women 16.5 17.5 14.2
Total 34.7 35.0 33.9
32. (i) Define a plan.

(ii) “The New Economic Policy is said to be liberal.” Comment.
or
Discuss briefly the condition of agricultural sector at the time of independence.
33. (i) What is meant by the term ‘affluence trap’?

(ii) Explain the concept of sustainable development.
(iii) Sometimes people prefer to be voluntarily unemployed. Why?
or
(i) “Multinational companies have not only contributed towards the IT sector but also have a tremendous role
to play towards rural development”.
Justify the given statement with valid arguments.
(ii) “The opportunity costs of negative environmental impacts are high”. Defend or refute the given statement
with valid reasons.
understanding.
Comparative development of India and its neighbours is an important knowledge to possess as an Indian citizen.
As a rational citizen of a country, it is crucial to have a deep understanding of the developments in your country.
In fact, it is also very important to learn about the developmental processes of your neighbouring countries.
Not only citizens but countries are also eager to understand the developmental system of their neighbours. This
understanding enables comprehension of strengths and weaknesses of yours as well as the neighbouring countries.
Due to the process of globalisation, it is essential for every nation to compete with developed countries.
Hence, it is important to study the comparative development of India and its neighbours.
The Chinese reform process began more strongly and comprehensively during the 1980s. At this time, India
was in the mid-stream of a rather slow growth process. Although the two countries (Pakistan and India) started
together, Pakistan has seen a better result in certain areas.
However, India is better placed than Pakistan in the area of skilled manpower and research and development
institutions. It is common to find developmental strategies of a country as a model to others for lessons and
guidance for their own development. It is particularly evident after the introduction of the reform process in
different parts of the world.
In order to learn from economic performance of our neighbouring countries, it is necessary to have an understanding
of the roots of their successes and failures. It is also necessary to distinguish between and contrast, the different
phases of their strategies.
(i) “India, China and Pakistan have many similarities in their development strategies”. Elaborate any three
points.
(ii) Mention the areas where Pakistan have performed better than India.
Sample Paper 11
ECONOMICS (030)
1. The following news report appeared in The Hindu on 1st June, 2023.
“Saudi Arabia has agreed to provide Pakistan with a ‘sizeable package’ of around $8 billion to help the cash-
starved country bolster dwindling forex reserves and revive its ailing economy.”
On which account and which side, it will be recorded in Pakistan’s BoP statement?
(a) Current account, debit side (b) Current account, credit side
(c) Capital account, debit side (d) Capital account, credit side
2. Assertion (A): Demand curve of foreign currency is negatively sloped.

Reason (R): If price of foreign currency increases, it become costlier for home country.
3. Statement 1: Demonetisation was an initiative taken by the Government of India to curb black money, terrorism
and circulation of fake currency.
Statement 2: Demonetisation has lead people to shift from cash payments to electronic payments.
4. All currencies other than the domestic currency of a country are called as .
(i) Foreign exchange rate
(ii) Foreign exchange
(iii) Foreign aid
Identify the correct alternative from the following:
(a) (i) and (iii) (b) (i) and (ii)

(c) Only (ii) (d) (i), (ii) and (iii)
5. The image given below is indicating which of the following options correctly?
(a) Foreign reserve (b) Foreign exchange

(c) Foreign exchange rate (d) Both (b) and (c)
6. “Economic growth means increasing per capita income over a period of time.” Economic growth objective of the
government budget depends on .
(a) profit maximisation (b) rate of saving and investment
(c) fair distribution of income (d) removal of poverty
Column I Column II
A. Devaluation of domestic currency (i) Causes a desired fall in the value of rupee
B. Merchandise (ii) Managed Floating Exchange Rate
C. Current account surplus (iii) Fixed Exchange Rate System
D. Depreciation of domestic currency (iv) Export and Import of Services
Alternatives:
(a) B - (ii) (b) A - (i)
(c) D - (iv) (d) C - (iii)
8. From the following functions of the Central Bank, identify the odd one out:
(a) D (b) C
(c) B (d) A
9. Demand Deposits include and .

(i) Saving account deposits
(ii) Fixed deposits
(iii) Current account deposits
(iv) Post office savings
Alternatives:
(c) (i) and (iv) (d) (ii) and (iii)
Income (Y) Consumption (C) Average Propensity to Consume (APC)
0 300 ––
200 350 ...(i)...
400 ...(ii)... 1
...(iii)... 450 0.75
800 500 ...(iv)...
Alternatives
(a) 0.75, 400, 800, 0.65 (b) 1.75, 400, 600, 0.625
(c) 1.75, 400, 625, 0.6 (d) 1.75, 400, 600, 0.55
11. The single tax implemented from 1st July 2017 was likely to reduce prices of which kind of products? Give
example of any three items which are exempted from GST and why? Give reason.
12. Government provides essential items of food grains almost free to the families below the poverty line. Which
objective the government is trying to fulfil through the government budget and how ? Explain.
or
The Government, under Ujjwala Yojana, is providing free LPG kitchen gas connections to the families ‘below the
poverty line’. What objective the government is trying to fulfil through the government budget and how? Explain.
13. “Government incurs expenditure to popularise yoga among the masses.” Analyse its impact on Gross Domestic
Product and welfare of the people.
or
How is Real GDP different from Nominal GDP? Which of these is a better indicator of economic welfare?
14. “Central bank utilises both qualitative and quantitative tools in order to control the credit creation process in the
economy”. Briefly explain any two qualitative tools used to control money supply in the economy.
15. Explain the meaning of ‘underemployment equilibrium’. Give two monetary measures by which full employment
equilibrium can be reached.
16. (a) On the basis of given table, comment on the performance of total consumption, private consumption and
government consumption in context or tneir recovery.
Components 2019-20 (1st RE) 2020-21 (PE) 2021-22 (1st AE) Recovery over 2019-20
Total Consumption 5.9 -7.3 7.0 99.2
Government Consumption 7.9 2.9 7.6 110.7
Private Consumption 5.5 -9.1 6.9 97.1
Gross Fixed Capital Formation 5.4 -10.8 15.0 102.6
Exports -3.3 -4.7 16.5 111.1
Imports -0.8 -13.6 29.4 111.8
GDP 4.0 -7.3 9.2 101.3
Source: NSO
Note: RE - Revised Estimates, PE - Provisional Estimates, AE - Advance Estimates
(b) From the following data, calculate Gross Domestic Product at market price.
(` in crores)
(i) Compensation of employees 1,000
(ii) Net exports (-)50
(iii) Profits 400
(iv) Interest 250
(v) Rent 150
(vi) Gross national product at factor cost 1,850
(vii) Gross domestic capital formation 220
(viii) Net fixed capital formation 150
(ix) Change in stock 20
(x) Factor income from abroad 30
(xi) Net indirect taxes 100
or
Find the missing values of ‘Private Final Consumption Expenditure’ and ‘Operating Surplus’ from the following
data:
(` in crores)
(i) Profits 500
(ii) Wages and Salaries 10000
(iii) National Income 25000
(iv) Net Indirect Taxes 200
(v) Private Final Consumption Expenditure ?
(vi) Gross Domestic Capital Formation 9000
(vii) Government Final Consumption Expenditure 6500

(viii) Consumption of Fixed Capital 400
(ix) Mixed Income of Self-employeds 7000
(x) Net Exports 1000
(xi) Operating Surplus ?
(xii) Net Factor Income from Abroad 250
17. In a economy, investment increased by 1,100 and as a result of it, income increased by 5,500. Had the marginal
propensity to save been 25%, what would have been the increase in income?
18. medicine includes medical practices which are designed to avoid or avert diseases.
(a) Preventive medicine (b) Curative medicine
(c) Social medicine (d) Any of the above
19. Assertion (A): Animal husbandry is the part of diversification of productive activities in rural areas.
Reason (R): It provides stable employment opportunities in off season.
20. The main thrust of the economic policies pursued by the government considers .
(a) ensuring balanced regional development
(b) expanding the urban-rural wage gap
(c) a complete switch from agricultural to manufacturing sector
21. Statement 1: India has an edge over Pakistan in skilled manpower, investment in education and health facilities.
Statement 2: Special Economic Zones (SEZs) policy has proved to be a boon for FDI flow in China.
22. Which of the following gives the correct sequence explaining the commencement of five year plans in chronological
order?
(a) India, China and Pakistan (b) Pakistan, China and India
(c) China, India and Pakistan (d) India, Pakistan and China
23. “Most of the agricultural labourers depend upon loans from informal sector”. Which of the following statements
about this sector is correct?
(a) There are government bodies to supervise informal sector
(b) Money lenders ask for a reasonable rate of interest
(c) Cost of informal loans to the borrower is quite high
(d) Money lenders use fair means to get their money back
(i) Great Leap Forward Campaign
(iii) Economic Reforms introduced
(iv) Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution
(a) (iv), (i), (ii), (iii)
(b) (ii), (iv), (i), (iii)
(c) (ii), (i), (iv), (iii)
(d) (ii), (iv), (iii), (i)
Column I Column II
A. Human capital (i) Overall development and well-being of a nation’s human capital
B. Human development (ii) Movement of people in search of jobs from one place to another
C. Migration (iii) Stock of nation’s skill and expertise at a particular point of time
D. Physical capital (iv) Capital completely mobile between countries except for trade restriction
imposed
Alternatives:
(a) D - (iv)
(b) C - (iii)
(c) B - (ii)
(d) A - (i)
26. Main intention of the British rulers behind the introduction of railways in India was:
(a) to break geographical and cultural barriers.
(b) to earn profit through foreign trade.
(c) to develop India’s cotton and jute industry.
(d) cheap and rapid movement of people from one place to another.
27. System where farmers and industrial units were to buy and sell fixed quantities of raw material and products on
the basis of price fixed by government was termed as:
(a) Dual pricing
(b) Great Leap Forward
(c) Special Economic Zones
(d) Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution
28. Answer the following questions on the basis of given data on employment pattern in India:
Employment pattern (Status wise) 1972-2012 (in %)
Status 1972-73 2011-12
Self-employed 61.4 52.0
Regular salaried employees 15.4 18.0
Casual wage labourers 23.2 30.0
Total 100.0 100.0
(a) Analyse the trend in the employment pattern on the basis of the above table.
(b) Which source is the major employment provider?
(c) What is the above process of status movement termed as?
or
29. On the basis of given image, answer the questions that follow in context to National Education Policy, 2020.
(a) How much gross enrolment ratio is expected in Pre-school to Secondary Level by 2030?
(b) How much investment in education sector of GDP is targeted and what is the current level of investment in
education sector?
30. ‘Colonial era was responsible for the decline of traditional handicraft industries.’ Accept/Refute the above
statement by giving reason.
or
Enumerate the main causes of limited success of planning in India.
31. ‘A skilled worker like software professional generates more income than an unskilled worker.’ Substantiate the
above statement.
32. Write a short note on the following:

(a) SAARC (b) European Union
(c) ASEAN (d) G-8 or G-7
33. Define environment. What are its main functions?

or
Elaborate how the following factors contribute to the environmental crisis in India:
(a) Air pollution
(b) Water contamination
(c) Illiteracy
understanding:
Indian agricultural economy was largely subsistence in nature before Independence. It had dismal performance
in the first half of twentieth century. This period witnessed severe droughts and famines. During partition, about
one-third of the irrigated land in undivided India went to Pakistan. This reduced the proportion of irrigated area
in independent India. After independence, the immediate goal of the Government was to increase foodgrains
production by switching over from cash crops to food crops; intensification of cropping over already cultivated
land; and increasing cultivated area by bringing cultivable and fallow land under plough. Initially, this strategy
helped in increasing foodgrains production. But agricultural production stagnated during late 1950s. To overcome
this problem, Intensive Agricultural District Programme (IADP) and Intensive Agricultural Area Programme
(IAAP) were launched. But two consecutive droughts during mid-1960s resulted in food crisis in the country.
Consequently, foodgrains were imported from other countries.
New seed varieties of wheat (Mexico) and rice (Philippines) known as High Yielding Varieties (HYVs) were
available for cultivation by mid-1960s. India took advantage of this and introduced package technology
comprising HYVs, along with chemical fertilisers in irrigated areas of Punjab, Haryana, Western Uttar Pradesh,
Andhra Pradesh and Gujarat. Assured supply of soil moisture through irrigation was a basic pre-requisite for the
success of this new agricultural technology. This strategy of agricultural development paid dividends instantly
and increased the foodgrains production at very fast rate. This spurt of agricultural growth came to be known as
‘Green Revolution’. This also gave fillip to the development of a large number of agro-inputs, agro-processing
industries and small-scale industries. This strategy of agricultural development made the country self-reliant in
foodgrain production. But Green Revolution was initially confined to irrigated areas only. This led to regional
disparities in agricultural development in the country till 1970s, after which the technology spread to the Eastern
and Central parts of the country.
(a) Why was Green Revolution implemented and how did it benefit the farmers?
(b) What were the spillover benefits of Green Revolution and how did it led to regional disparities?
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Sample Paper 12
ECONOMICS (030)

1. “It has been observed in recent times that Indian currency is depreciating against US Dollar.” Which of the
following reason can be accounted for the same?
(a) Rising inflation in the country (b) Fall in stock prices
(c) Rise in global prices (d) All of the above
2. Under the Balance of Payments structure of a nation, the two main categories of accounts for the classification of
the transactions are and .
(i) current account (ii) unilateral transfer account
(iii) capital account (iv) loan account
Identify the correct alternatives from the following:
Alternatives:
(a) (iii) and (iv) (b) (iv) and (i)
(c) (i) and (iii) (d) (i) and (ii)
3. Assertion (A): Import of goods and services reflects demand of foreign currency.
Reason (R): Import of goods and services shows inflow of foreign exchange.
4. Statement 1: Accommodating items of trade are undertaken in order to maintain the balance in the BoP account.
Statement 2: Accommodating items are net consequences of autonomous transactions that are undertaken to
correct disequilibrium in autonomous items of BoP.
5. If primary deficit is ` 4,500 and interest payment is ` 750, the fiscal deficit is
(a) ` 4,100 (b) ` 4,200
(c) ` 5,250 (d) ` 4,000
6. Choose the correct alternatives to be filled in given blanks A, B and C.
(a) A - Export of goods, B - Gifts, remittances and grants, C - Net non-factor income
(b) A - Gifts, remittances and grants, B - Export of goods, C - Net non-factor income
(c) A - Net non-factor income, B - Export of goods, C - Gifts, remittances and grants
(d) A - Export of goods, B - Net non-factor income, C - Gifts, remittances and grants
7. If the Marginal Propensity to Consume is greater than Marginal Propensity to Save, the value of the multiplier
will be:
(a) less than 2 (b) equal to 2
(c) equal to 5 (d) greater than 2
8. Which function of the money is being depicted in the following picture?
(a) Measure of value (b) Store of value

(c) Medium of exchange (d) Transfer of value
9. Which out of the following items is not included in money supply of a country?
(a) Demand deposits (b) Coins and Currency
(c) Time deposits (d) All of these
10. Calculate Net Value Added at Factor Cost (NVAFC) from the following data
Items ` (in lakhs)
Value of output 800
Intermediate consumption 200
Indirect taxes 30
Depreciation 20
Subsidies 50
Purchase of machinery 50
(a) `400 crore (b) `500 crore
(c) `600 crore (d) `800 crore
11. It is stated that “amalgamation of many central and state taxes into a single tax called ‘Goods and Services tax
(GST)’ would facilitate a common national market.” Do you agree with the statement? Justify your answer.
12. State whether the following statements are true or false. Support your answer with reason.
(a) Taxation is an effective tool to reduce the inequalities of income.
(b) Revenue deficit increases when government fails to recover loans forwarded to different nations.
or
On the basis of given figure, answer the questions that follow:
(a) Interpret the above trends of GST collections.

(b) When was GST implemented in India?
13. Suppose a ban is imposed on consumption of tobacco. Examine its likely effects on (a) gross domestic product
and (b) welfare.
or
Government spends on child immunisation programme. Analyse its impact on Gross Domestic Product and
welfare of the people.
14. “Lack of store of value was the major problem under the barter system, however this problem has been solved
with the introduction of money.” Do you agree with the given statement? Explain.
15. In an economy, investment expenditure is increased by `400 crores and marginal propensity to consume is 0.8.
Calculate total increase in income and savings.
16. (a) Calculate Net Domestic Product at Factor Cost from the given data:
(` in crores)
(i) Net factor income to abroad 30
(ii) Sales 2,000
(iii) Subsidies 20
(iv) Consumption of fixed capital 50
(v) Closing stock 100
(vi) Opening stock 200
(vii) Intermediate costs 1,000
(viii) Indirect tax 150
(b) Transfer payments should not be included in the estimation of National Income? Do you agree? Give reason
in support of your answer.
or
(a) Given nominal income, how can we find real income?
(b) Calculate National Income:
(` in crores)
(i) Compensation of employees 2,000
(ii) Profit 800
(iii) Rent 300
(iv) Interest 250
(v) Mixed income of self-employed 7,000
(vi) Net current transfers to abroad 200
(vii) Net exports (—) 100
(viii) Net indirect taxes 1,500
(ix) Net factor income to abroad 60
(x) Consumption of fixed capital 120
17. Discuss the working of the adjustment mechanism in the following situations.
(a) Aggregate demand is greater than aggregate supply.
(b) Ex-ante investment are lesser than Ex-ante savings.
18. “The origin of the financial crisis can be traced from the inefficient management of the Indian economy.” Which
of the following reasons are responsible for the same?
(a) Government did not able to generate sufficient revenue
(b) Government expenditure began to exceed its revenue
(c) Government borrowed money for meeting consumption needs
19. People as a resource means .

(a) country’s natural capital in terms of their existing productive skill
(b) country’s human capital in terms of their existing productive skill
(c) country’s overall capital in terms of their existing productive skill
(d) country’s technical capital in terms of their existing productive skill
20. A person got two job offers, one from Mumbai while other from Chennai. Before deciding which one to opt, he
go through the cost and benefit analysis. Which source of human capital formation he takes into account?
(a) Expenditure on Training (b) Expenditure on Education
(c) Expenditure on Migration (d) Expenditure on Health
21. Identify the type of unemployment reflected in the picture below.
(a) Open unemployment (b) Seasonal unemployment

(c) Disguised unemployment (d) None of the above
(i) Special Economic Zones
(ii) Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution
(iii) Great Leap Forward Campaign
(iv) Economic reforms were initiated

(a) (iii), (ii), (iv), (i) (b) (iv), (i), (ii), (iii)
(c) (iv), (ii), (i), (iii) (d) (ii), (iv), (iii), (i)
23. Assertion (A): Rural development in India is of key significance.

Reason (R): Nearly two-third of population in India is dependent on agriculture.
24. Statement 1: Seasonal workers are the worst affected by seasonal unemployment in India.
Statement 2: Population is the total number of people who reside in a particular locality at a particular point of
time.
25. From the set of events/systems given in Column I and corresponding relevant fact given in column II, choose the
Column I Column II
A. The growth rate of agriculture sector decelerated to about 3% per annum. (i) 1995
B. A major change occurred when India adopted social banking. (ii) after 1989
C. A thrift and credit society was started in Kerala. (iii) 1995

D. By March end more than seven lakh SHG’s been credit linked. (iv) 2010
Alternatives:
(a) C - (iii) (b) A - (i)
(c) D - (iv) (d) B - (ii)
26. Identify the option which is/are not true in the context of demographic condition of India during the British rule ?
(i) High Birth Rate
(ii) Low Death Rate
(iii) Low Infant Mortality Rate
(iv) High life expectancy
(a) (i) and (iii)
(b) (i) and (ii)
(d) (ii), (iii) and (iv)
27. Which of the following is not true for small scale industries?
(a) SSI is capital intensive and therefore, increases productivity.
(b) SSI is labour intensive and therefore, employment oriented.
(c) SSI shows locational flexibility and is therefore, equality oriented.
(d) SSI needs small investment and is therefore, equity oriented.
28. “Subsidies were needed to encourage farmers.” Discuss the importance of subsidies in relevance to the Indian
farmers.
or
“Small scale and cottage industries are important in the development of Indian economy.” Elaborate.
29. Interpret the given picture on account of World Trade Organisation (WTO).
(a) Comment upon the People Below Poverty line among the three countries.
(b) Comment upon the percentage of Undernourished Children among China and Pakistan.
Country People Below Poverty Line (%) Undernourished Children (%)
India 37 39
China 32 9
Pakistan 44 45
31. Elaborate any four positive contributions made by Britishers in India.

or
Throw light on the ‘economic drain’ during the colonial period.
32. Discuss the importance of credit in rural development.

33. Elucidate the function of Pollution Control Board in India to address the environmental concerns in India.
or
(a) Give any three causes of backwardness of Indian agriculture.
(b) Give any three challenges facing Indian education system.
understanding:
Blessed with a varying climate and soil conditions, India has adopted growing of diverse horticultural crops such
as fruits, vegetables, tuber crops, flowers, medicinal and aromatic plants, spices and plantation crops. These crops
play a vital role in providing food and nutrition, besides addressing employment concerns. Horticulture sector
contributes nearly one-third of the value of agriculture output and six per cent of Gross Domestic Product of India.
India has emerged as a world leader in producing a variety of fruits like mangoes, bananas, coconuts, cashew
nuts and a number of spices and is the second largest producer of fruits and vegetables. Economic condition
of many farmers engaged in horticulture has improved and it has become a means of improving livelihood for
many unprivileged classes. Flower harvesting, nursery maintenance, hybrid seed production and tissue culture,
propagation of fruits and flowers and food processing are highly remunerative employment options for women
in rural areas.
(a) Differentiate how the term ‘Golden Revolution’ is different from ‘Green Revolution’?
(b) How horticulture as an alternative source of employment improves the economic condition of farmers?
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Sample Paper 13
ECONOMICS (030)

1. Read the given news taken from the article “Currency caution: On the Indian rupee’s depreciation” published in
The Hindu on 23rd July, 2022.
“The Indian rupee is experiencing its worst slump in four years. Since the start of 2022, the currency has depreciated
by more than 7% against the U.S. dollar, weakening past a historic low of 80 to a dollar mark earlier this week.”
In layman terms, which of the following is the reason for depreciation of Indian rupee?
(a) Increase in supply of US dollar and decrease in demand of US dollar
(b) Decrease in both demand and supply of US dollar
(c) Increase in demand of US dollar and decrease in supply of US dollar
(d) Increase in both demand and supply of US dollar
2. Statement I: Government raises money through sale of treasury bills and other securities.
Statement II :Treasury bills are considered as risk free and the return so achieved are referred as risk free rate of
return.
(a) Both statements are true (b) Both statements are false
3. Demand deposits include and

(i) saving account deposits (ii) fixed deposits
(iii) current account deposits (iv) post office savings
Codes
(c) (i) and (iv) (d) (ii) and (iii)
4. Assertion : During periods of economic downturn, central bank raises cash reserve ratio as a monetary policy tool
to stabilise the economy.
Reason : This in turn will increase the credit creation power of the commercial banks and thus reduces the level
of AD in an economy.
(a) Assertion is true, but Reason is false.
(b) Assertion is false, but Reason is true.

5. The figure given below represents one of the important features of the barter system. Identify.
(a) Unit of account (b) Store of value

(c) Double coincidence of wants (d) None of the above
6. If utensils worth ` 100 are produced with steel worth ` 50, wages paid are ` 10, depreciation of machinery is ` 0
and other material purchased is ` 10, then the value added in the process is
(a) ` 100 (b) ` 10
(c) ` 40 (d) ` 50
7. Suppose in a hypothetical economy, the income rises from ` 500 crores to ` 600 crores. As a result, the consumption
expenditure rises from ` 400 crores to ` 500 crores. Marginal propensity to consume in such a case would
be
(a) 1.0 (b)0.6
(c) 0.8 (d)0.4
8. Find the missing figures and choose the correct alternative.

Income Consumption Saving APS
(Y) (C) (S) (Average Propensity to Save)
0 300 –300 ––
200 350 –150 ...(i)...
400 400 ...(iii)... 0
600 ...(iii)... 150 (iv)
Alternatives
(a) –0.75, 0, 400, 0.25 (b) –0.75, 0, 450, 0.25
(c) –0.5, 0, 350, 0.25 (d) –0.5, 0, 350, 0.75
9. The impact of ‘excess demand’ under Keynesian theory of income and employment, in an economy will be
(a) decrease in income, output, employment and general price level
(b) decrease in nominal income, but no change in real output
(c) increase in income, output, employment and general price level
(d) no change in output/employment but increase in general price level
10. Given the saving function S = – 20 + 0.2Y and autonomous investment (I) = ` 100 million, the equilibrium level
of consumption would be
(a) 700
(b) 400
(c) 500
(d) 600

11. Find Net Value Added at Market Price.
Items (in lakhs)
(i) Fixed Capital Good with a Life 30
Span of 5 Years
(ii) Raw Materials 12
(iii) Sales 50
(iv) Net Change-in-stock (–) 4
(v) Taxes on Production 2
12. Explain any three major functions of foreign exchange market.

or
State on which side of capital account/ current account will the following transactions be recorded and why?
(i) Interest on loan received from Nepal
(ii) Import of mobile phones from China

13. As per the following news published in The Wire on 18th May, 2021
“The biggest toll of the COVID-19 second wave is in terms of a demand shock - loss of mobility, discretionary
spending and employment, besides inventory accumulation, while the aggregate supply is less impacted”.
In light of the above statement, explain the economic implications of an increase in government expenditure when
the economy is in a state of depression.
14. The saving function of an economy is given as
S = – 250 + 0.25Y
If the planned investment is ` 100 crores, calculate the following
(i) Equilibrium level of income in the economy.
(ii) Aggregate demand at income of ` 300 crores.
15. Giving a numerical example, explain the process of money creation by the commercial banks.
or
Government of India has launched ‘Jan-Dhan Yojana’ aimed at every household to have atleast one bank account
due to which credit creation capacity of banks has expanded manifold. Comment.
16. (i) Explain how Non-monetary exchanges’ act as a limitation in taking GDP as an index of welfare.
(ii) Explain the treatment assigned to the following while estimating national income. Give reasons.
(a) Family members working free on the farm owned by the family
(b) Rent free house from an employer
17. (i) In light of the given figure, explain in simple terms the meaning of revenue, fiscal and primary deficit.
(ii) The government of a country is operating on ‘Zero primary deficit’ and also follows
‘Re-allocation of resources as an objective of budget’. Explain the above two concepts.
or
(i) Classify the following as revenue receipts and capital receipts. Justify your answer.
(a) Profit of public sector undertakings.
(b) Market borrowing by the government.
(c) Income from sale of its share in public sector undertakings.
(ii) Distinguish between capital expenditure and revenue expenditure of the government, with suitable examples.
18. The environment performs four vital functions and the environment is able to perform these functions without any
interruptions as long as the demand of these functions is within its carrying capacity.
In the given statement, ‘carrying capacity’ implies
(i) the resource extraction is not above the rate of regeneration.
(ii) waste generated is beyond the absorptive capacity of the environment.
(iii) the resource extraction is not below the rate of regeneration.
(iv) the resource and the wastes generated are within the assimilating capacity of the environment.
Codes
(a) (i), (ii) and (iv)
(b) Both (ii) and (iv)
(c) Both (i) and (iv)
(d) All of these
19. Which of the following is not true for small scale industries?
(a) SSI is capital intensive and therefore, increases productivity.
(b) SSI is labour intensive and therefore, employment oriented.
(c) SSI shows locational flexibility and is therefore, equality oriented.
(d) SSI needs small investment and is therefore, equity oriented.
20. Look at the picture given below and identify the policy, which lead to the lower population growth in china in
1970s.
(a) Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution (b) 1978 Reforms

(c) One Child Norm (d) Great Leap Forward (GLF) campaign
21. Which of the following factors are not considered while constructing the HDI Index?
(a) A good environment as measured by appropriate environment policies
(b) A decent standard of living as measured by GDP per capita
(c) Long and healthy life measured by life expectancy at birth
(d) Knowledge as measured by the adult literacy rate
22. Select the correct combination between the following columns

Column I Column II
A. Trade Barriers (i) Reduction in the value of domestic currency in comparison to foreign currencies
as a result of market forces
B. Devaluation (ii) Tariff and Quota
C. Depreciation (iii) Selling part of equity of PSEs to the public
D. Disinvestment (iv) Deliberate downward adjustment of domestic currency with respect to foreign
currencies
Codes
A B C D
(a) (ii) (iii) (i) (iv) (b) (ii) (iv) (i) (iii)
(c) (iii) (i) (iv) (ii) (d) (ii) (i) (iv) (iii)
23. Statement I : There is a need to bridge the skill-gap in India in order to enhance human capital and bring about
more productive labour force.
Statement II : Skills are tangible in nature and can be separated from its owner.
In the light of the given statements,. choose the correct alternative from the following
(a) Both statements are true
(b) Both statements are false
24. Assertion : India, Pakistan and China have started planning their developmental strategies in the same way.
Reason : India, China and Pakistan have started working on their developmental plans at the same time.
(a) Assertion is true, but Reason is false.
(b) Assertion is false, but Reason is true.
25. Which of the given reasons is incorrect with regard to the introduction of Economic reforms in 1991 in India?
(a) Depletion of the foreign exchange reserves
(b) Persistent level of unemployment and poverty
(c) A high level of fiscal deficit
(d) Inflationary pressures
26. institutions(s) is/are part of formal sector lending in rural banking.

(a) Commercial banks
(b) Regional rural banks
(c) Cooperative societies
27. The economic reforms under the New Economic Policy of 1991 were made so that
(a) The public would drive the economy towards growth and development.
(b) Market forces would drive the economy towards growth and development.
(c) The government would drive the economy towards growth and development.
28. Interpret the given picture and suggest any two traditional methods for replacement of the chemical pesticides.
29. “In recent times, the Indian economy has experienced the problem of casualisation of the workforce. This problem
has only been aggravated by the outbreak of COVID-19.”
Do you agree with the given statement? Discuss any two disadvantages of casualisation of the workforce in the
light of the above statement.
or
“The Prime Minister urged to increase the rural income by increasing non-farm activities.”
Explain how non-farm activities can lead to rise in income of people in rural sector.
30. State whether the following statements are true/false, with valid arguments
(i) Literacy rate in India have increased but so has the absolute number of illiterates.
(ii) Regional disparities in India are high and have been rising in recent years.
31. (i) Why are less women found in regular salaried employment? Give any one reason.
(ii) Analyse the recent trends in sectoral distribution of workforce in India
Trends in Employment Pattern (sector-wise),
1993 – 2012 (in %)
Sector 1993 – 94 1999 – 2011 – 2012
2000
Primary 64 60.4 48.9
Secondary 16 15.8 24.3
Service 20 23.8 26.8
32. “India is often called as outsourcing destination of the world.” Discuss the prime reasons for this name given to
India.
or
State the meaning of import substitution.
Explain how import substitution can protect the domestic industries.
33. (i) Discuss briefly, the rationale behind “equity with growth” as planning objectives for Indian economy.
(ii) “Institutional reforms such as land reforms has played a significant role in transforming Indian agriculture.”
Defend or refute the given statement with valid reason.
or
(i) State any two positive contributions made by the British in India.
(ii) Comment upon any two salient features of demographic conditions of India on the eve of Independence.
(iii) What was the two-fold motive behind the systematic de-industrialisation effected by the British in pre-
independent India?
34. Sino-Pak Friendship Corridor

The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) has deepened the decades-long strategic relationship between
the two nations.
But it has also sparked criticism for burdening Pakistan with mountains of debt and allowing China to use its,
debt-trap diplomacy to gain access to strategic assets of Pakistan. The foundations of CPEC, part of China’s Belt
and Road Initiative, were laid in May, 2013. At the time, Pakistan was reeling under weak economic growth.
China committed to play an integral role in supporting Pakistan’s economy.
Pakistan and China have a strategic relationship that goes back decades. Pakistan turned to China at a time when it
needed a rapid increase in external financing to meet critical investments in hard infrastructure, particularly power
plants and highways. CPEC’s early harvest projects met this need, leading to a dramatic increase in Pakistan’s
power generation capacity, bringing an end to supply-side constraints that had made rolling blackouts a regular
occurrence across the country.
Pakistan leaned into CPEC, leveraging Chinese financing and technical assistance in an attempt to end power
shortages that had paralysed its country’s economy. Years later, China’s influence in Pakistan has increased at an
unimaginable pace.
China as Pakistan’s Largest Bilateral Creditor China’s ability to exert influence on Pakistan’s economy has grown
substantially in recent years, mainly due to the fact that Beijing is now Islamabad’s largest creditor. According to
documents released by Pakistan’s finance ministry, Pakistan’s total public and publicly guaranteed external debt
stood at $ 44.35 billion in June 2013, just 9.3 percent of which was owed to China. By April 2021, this external
debt had ballooned to $ 90.12 billion, with Pakistan owing 27.4 percent – $ 24.7 billion – of its total external debt
to China, according to the International Monetary Fund (IMF).
Additionally, China provided financial and technical expertise to help Pakistan build its road infrastructure,
expanding North-South connectivity to improve the efficiency of moving goods from Karachi all the way to Gilgit-
Baltistan (POK). These investments were critical in better integrating the country’s ports, especially Karachi, with
urban centers in Punjab and Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa provinces.
Despite power asymmetries between China and Pakistan, the latter still has tremendous agency in determining
its own policies, even if such policies come at the expense of the long-term socio-economic welfare of Pakistani
citizens.
(i) Outline and discuss any two economic advantages of China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) accruing
to the economy of Pakistan.
(ii) Analyse the implication of bilateral ‘debt-trap’ situation of Pakistan vis-a-vis the Chinese economy.
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Sample Paper 14
ECONOMICS (030)
1. “Exchange rate between US dollar and Indian rupees have changed several times in last couple of years. As per
a given data, Rupee-Dollar exchange rate was 71.49 in November 2020 and changed to 72.82 in January 2021.”
This leads to which of the following situations?
(a) Decrease in exports from India
(b) Increase in exports from India
(c) Increase in exports from USA
(d) Both (a) and (c)
2. Assertion : The value of marginal propensity to consume can be greater than one.
Reason : The value of marginal propensity to save can be negative as well.
3. As a custodian of nation’s reserves, RBI keeps

(a) reserves of foreign treasury bills (b) reserves of foreign currencies
(c) reserves of gold (d) All of the above
4. The image given below is indicating which type of exchange rate regime?
(a) Fixed exchange rate

(b) Floating exchange rate
(c) Managed floating exchange rate
5. “Household and firms are planning to purchase less than what producers are planning to supply”. The possible
reason for this situation could be .
(a) Aggregate demand = Aggregate supply (b) Aggregate demand > Aggregate supply
(c) Aggregate demand < Aggregate supply (d) None of the above
6. “During the outbreak of the second wave of Covid-19 in the country, India received medical equipments from
many countries.” On which account and which side it will be recorded?
(a) Capital account, debit side (b) Current account, debit side
(c) Capital account, credit side (d) Current account, credit side
7. Statement I : SLR is increased to correct the situation of deflationary gap.

Statement II : Higher SLR increases credit creation capacity of commercial banks which in turn increases liquidity
in the capital market.
8. If gross domestic capital formation is ` 3,000, net domestic fixed capital formation is ` 2,000 and inventory
investment is ` 150, what will be the value of consumption of fixed capital?
(a) ` 550 (b) ` 850
(c) ` 900 (d) Can’t be determined
9. If the value of Average Propensity to Consume (APC) is 0.8 and National Income is ` 4,000 crores, the value of
savings will be .
(a) ` 800 crores (b) ` 600 crores
(c) ` 200 crores (d) ` 700 crores
10. Find net value added at market price.

S.No. Items ` (in crores)
(i) Output sold (units) 800
(ii) Price per unit of output 20
(iii) Excise 1,600
(iv) Import duty 400
(v) Net change in stock (–)500
(vi) Depreciation 1,000
(vii) Intermediate cost 8,000
(a) `5,500 crore (b) `6,500 crore
(c) `7,500 crore (d) `8,500 crore
11. Suppose the GDP at market price of a country in a particular year was ` 2,200 crore. Net Factor Income from
Abroad was ` 200 crore. The value of Indirect taxes – Subsidies was ` 300 crore and National Income was ` 1700
crore. Calculate the aggregate value of depreciation.
12. Name the broad categories of transactions recorded in the capital account of the balance of payments account.
or
Give the difference between devaluation and depreciation of domestic currency.
13. As per the following news published in The Economic Times on 13th April, 2020
“Monetary policy by itself may not be effective in mitigating the economic crisis created by the Covid pandemic
in a demand deficient economy like India, according to MPC member Chetan Ghate who voted for only a 50
bps points cut in repo rate against a 75 bps reduction vote by the majority. Instead he called for wider structural
reforms along with tax stimulus for the revival of the economy from the Covid induced slowdown.”
In the light of the above statement, give the meaning of deficient demand. What fiscal measures would you
recommend to the Gol to correct the situation of deficient demand?
14. If the ratio of marginal propensity to consume and marginal propensity to save is 3 : 1, the value of investment
multiplier will be 5. True or false? Justify your answer.
15. “Managing the government’s banking transactions is a key RBI role. Like individuals, businesses and banks,
governments need a banker to carry out their financial transactions in an efficient and effective manner, including
the raising of resources from the public.”
In the light of the above statement, explain the function performed by the Central Bank.
or
Currency is issued by the Central Bank, yet we say that commercial banks create money. Explain. How is this
money creation by commercial banks likely to affect the national income? Explain.
16. (i) Social welfare may not increase even when real GDP increases. Explain.
(ii) Define the problem of double counting in the estimation of national income. Discuss two approaches to
correct the problem of double counting.
17. (i) In light of the given figure, explain how fiscal deficit has a bearing on inflationary woes?
Source Economic survey and CGA; RBI

(ii) State any three objectives of government budget.
or
(i) Is the following, a revenue receipt or a capital receipt in the context of government budget and why?
(a) Tax receipt
(b) Disinvestment
(ii) Can a fiscal deficit occur without a revenue deficit?
18. “Colonial government systematically industrialised Indian handicraft”. What were the outcome of the same?
(i) Increase in unemployment
(ii) Increase in demand for British goods
(iii) Increase in demand for imports
Codes
(a) (i) and (ii) (b) (ii) and (iii)
(c) (i) and (iii) (d) (i), (ii) and (iii)
19. Statement I Pakistan is ahead of India in providing improved sanitation facilities.

Statement II China ranks ahead in terms of development experience with respect to India and Pakistan.
(a) Both statements are true (b) Both statements are false
(c) Statement I is false and Statement II is true (d) Statement I is true and Statement II is false
20. Assertion (A) China has done better than India and Pakistan, as it is a socialist economy.
Reason (R) In socialism, government can implement policies which are in interest of the people.
21. Co-operative marketing societies have faced a downfall in the recent years. Identify which of the following was
not a reason behind its downfall?
(a) Lack of co-ordination between processing and marketing societies.
(b) Inefficient financial management
(c) Inadequate coverage of all the members
(d) Intervention of the government is most essential
22. Match the following :

Column I Column II
A. Economic Development (i) Mao
in China
B. India’s new (ii) China
Development Policy
Codes
A B C D
(a) (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (b) (ii) (i) (iv) (iii)
(c) (iii) (iv) (i) (ii) (d) (iv) (ii) (i) (iii)
23. What was the treatment given by the indigo planters to the peasants?
(a) Advancement of loans at a lower rate of Interest
(b) Peasants voluntarily agreed with the indigo planters to produce indigo
(c) They were paid low prices for growing indigo
(d) They were given support measures on how to grow indigo along with a piece of land
24. Match ‘labour force’ with the appropriate item from amongst the following.
(a) Employed + Unemployed (b) Work force
(c) All educated (d) All rural workers
25. Environment has many resources for us. A resource that can be totally replaced or is always available naturally,
or that is practically inexhaustible is known as .
(a) non-renewable resource (b) conventional resource
(c) non-conventional resource (d) renewable resource
26. Marketed surplus refers to .

(a) portion of industrial produce sold in the market
(b) sale of consumer goods in the domestic market
(c) a certain proportion of both industrial and domestic produce sold in the market
(d) portion of agricultural produce sold in the market by farmers
27. The correct sequence explaining the commencement of five year plans in chronological order is .
(a) China, India and Pakistan (b) India, China and Pakistan
(c) India, Pakistan and China (d) Pakistan, China and India
28. Explain how health and expenditure on information are a source of human capital formation?
or
Compared to women, more men are found working in India. It has been observed that for every 100 urban
females, only about 15 work.

In rural areas, for every 100 rural women, only about 25 work. Why are women not working? Give any three
reasons.
or
Explain how health and expenditure on information are a source of human capital formation?
29. In light of the given figure, give the meaning of sustainable development and list any four strategies towards
sustainable development in India.
30. State whether the following statements are true or false, with valid argument
(i) Private moneylenders are being replaced by institutional source of credit.
(ii) ‘Economic growth’ and ‘Economic Development’ means on end the same.
31. Compare and analyse the given data of India and China with valid arguments.
Annual Growth of Gross Domestic
Product (%) , 1980-2017
Country 1980-90 2015-2017
India 5.7 7.3
China 10.3 6.8
Source Key Indicators for Asia and Pacific 2016, Asian Development Bank, Philippines; World Development
Indicators, 2018.
32. Agricultural sector appears to be adversely affected by the reform process. Why?
or
(i) What were the objectives behind demonetisation?
(ii) Import restrictions were imposed in India with the dual objective to save foreign exchange reserves and to
be self-sufficient. Justify the given statement with valid arguments.
33. (i) The Education Commission in 1966, had recommended that at least 6% of GDP should be spent on education
in India. However, even after 50 years of such a recommendation, the government continues to spend 3-4% of
GDP on education.
How has this affected’the education sector in India? What value stands violated by the Central Government?
(ii) “Unemployment is related to poverty.”Comment.
or
(i) What do you mean by agricultural marketing?
(ii) State the meaning of subsidy.
(iii) Agricultural marketing refers to the farmers’ act of bringing their produce to the market for sale’. Is the
statement correct?
understanding
In the late 1980s, government expenditure began to exceed its revenue by such large margins that meeting the
expenditure through borrowings became unsustainable. Prices of many essential goods rose sharply. Imports grew
at a very high rate without matching growth of exports. Foreign exchange reserves declined to a level that was
not adequate to finance imports for more than two weeks. There was also not sufficient foreign exchange to pay
the interest that needs to be paid to international lenders. Also, no country or international funder was willing to
lend to India.
India approached to World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF), and received $7 billion a loan to
manage the crisis. India agreed to the conditionalities of World Bank and IMF and announced to New Economic
Policy (NEP).
This new set of policy measures changed the direction of our development strategies.
(i) What does the New Economic Policy of 1991 means in context of the Indian economy? Enlist some reasons
for its introduction?
(ii) “IMF and World Bank granted $7 billion loan to India with a major restriction to follow a closed economy
model.” Do you agree with the given statement? Justify
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Economics Paper 29 Economics Paper 30
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SAMPLE PAPERS

CBSE EXAM 2024

Section A -Macro Economics

Multiple Choice Questions (Q1 to Q10) 1 x 10=10

3. Complete the table

5. Surplus in Balance of Payment (BoP) arises when:

(a) Import (b) Export

8. Identify the incorrect statement with reference to Balance of Payments.

Short Answer Questions (Q11 to Q12) 3x2=6

Short Answer Questions (Q13 to Q15) 4 x 3 = 12

Long Answer Questions (Q16 to Q17) 6 x 2 = 12

Section B -Indian Economic Development

Multiple Choice Questions (Q18 to Q27) 1 x 10=10

21. In context of the given image, identify the correct option:

(a) A - India; B - China; C - Pakistan

24. The motive of British Government behind de-industrialisation was:

(c) horticulture (d) poultry

Short Answer Questions (Q28 to Q29) 3x2=6

Short Answer Questions (Q30 to Q32) 4 x 3 = 12

30. Interpret the given picture on account of current environmental challenges.

32. Elucidate the role played by the industrial sector in India.

Long Answer Questions (Q33 to Q34) 6 x 2 = 12

Section A -Macro Economics

Multiple Choice Questions (Q1 to Q10) 1 x 10=10

1. Read the following statements carefully:

(a) A - Revenue expenditure; B - Fiscal deficit

(a) Negative (b) 8.5%

8. Find the missing figures and choose the correct option.

10. Current account is in ‘Balance’ when .

Short Answer Questions (Q11 to Q12) 3x2=6

12. Calculate intermediate consumption from the following:

Short Answer Questions (Q13 to Q15) 4 x 3 = 12

Long Answer Questions (Q16 to Q17) 6 x 2 = 12

Section B -Indian Economic Development

Multiple Choice Questions (Q18 to Q27) 1 x 10=10

19. Assertion (A): Disguised unemployment is present in India.

20. Jobless growth leads to unemployment because:

(a) Leads to managerial interference (b) Leads to unemployment in their country

Short Answer Questions (Q28 to Q29) 3x2=6

Short Answer Questions (Q30 to Q32) 4 x 3 = 12

31. Evaluate the role of the rural banking system in India.

Long Answer Questions (Q33 to Q34) 6 x 2 = 12

Place of Residence Workforce (in millions)

Section A -Macro Economics

Multiple Choice Questions (Q1 to Q10) 1 x 10=10

2. Find the missing figures and choose the correct alternatives

4. is exercised through discussions, letters and speeches to banks.

5. Fees of government college is a revenue receipt because:

7. Statement 1: Activity resulting in benefits to others is called a “positive externality”.

Short Answer Questions (Q11 to Q12) 3x2=6

Short Answer Questions (Q13 to Q15) 4 x 3 = 12

Long Answer Questions (Q16 to Q17) 6 x 2 = 12

Section B -Indian Economic Development

Multiple Choice Questions (Q18 to Q27) 1 x 10=10

(d) All of the above

21. When did regional rural banks initiated in India?

24. In Pakistan, most of the foreign exchange earnings come from:

(a) (i) and (iii)

Roadside vending is an increasing variety of unemployment.

Short Answer Questions (Q28 to Q29) 3x2=6