FUNDAMENTAL OF CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION WITH INTELLIGENCE FINAL COACHING

Prepared by: Prof. Karolina Erika A. Buted, RCrim, CCS

1. The art which deals with the identity, location and arrest of a person who committed a
particular crime and concurrently includes identification, collection, preservation, and
evaluation of evidence for the purpose of bringing criminal offender to the bar of
justice.
a. investigation
b. criminal investigation
c. probe
d. investigative process

criminal investigation is both a science and art

science  it involves scientific methods, applied sciences
art  felicity of inspiration, luck/chance

DR. HANS GROSS  father of criminalistics

Ultimate goal of criminal investigation  SEARCH FOR TRUTH
95% perspiration
3% inspiration
2% chance or luck

PHASES OF CI (ILP)
1. IDENTIFY THE PERPETARTOR
2. LOCATE THE PERPETRATOR
3. PROVIDE EVIDENCE FOR THE GUILT OF THE PERPETRATOR

1. IDENTIFICATION/RECOGNITION  appreciation of evidence

2. COLLECTION
Golden rule in collecting evidence/ criminal investigation
DO NOT MAC
MOVE/MUTILATE ALTER CONTAMINATE
3. PRESERVATION
Physical integrity  identify, seal, label the evidence
Legal integrity  maintain the chain of custody
4. EVALUATION  examination of the evidence
2. The following questions are part of the cardinal points of criminal investigation,
EXCEPT:
a. How was the crime committed?
b. Why was the crime committed?
c. What is the offender’s marital status?
d. Where was the crime committed?

Cardinal points
5Ws
1H
What  nature of the crime
Where  place or location of the crime
Who suspect /whom?  victim (who/whom  persons involved)
When  time and date
Why  motive of the suspect

How  manner/method of operation / modus operandi

3. Identification of criminals as the initial phase of criminal investigation can be done in

any/combination of the subsequent means, except:
1) by confession or admission by the criminal
2) by circumstantial evidence and associative evidence
3) by presentation of corpus delicti
4) by description of eyewitness*
a. 1, 2 and 3
b. 1 only
c. 1, 2 and 4
d. 3 only

METHODS OF IDENTIFYING CRIMINALS

CONFESSIO/ADMISSION
ACCOUNTS OR TESTIMONIES OF WITNESSES
CIRCUMSTANTIAL EVIDENCE / INDIRECT EVIDENCE
ASSOCIATIVE EVIDENCE LINKS THE PERPETRATOR TO THE CS
METHODS OF OPERATION (MODUS OPERANDI)

MODUS OPERANDI  THOMAS BYRNES

4. What are the minimum requirements needed for such extrajudicial confession be admissible
as evidence in court?
1. It must be taken under oath in the presence of his counsel
2. Confession be reduced into writing, in a particular dialect known to the
confessant himself
3. Such confession must be given voluntarily
4. The same must be signed by the confessant or otherwise thumb marked*
a. 1, 2 and 3
b. 1 and 3
c. 1, 2, 3 and 4
d. 1, 3 and 4

5. A crime may generate evidence in the form of physical objects, to make effective use of
articles found at the scene the investigator must _.
A. Preserve its physical and legal integrity
B. All of them
C. Recognize and collect them
D. Evaluate its worth in the investigation at hand

Identification/recognition
Collection
Preservation
Evaluation

6. As a criminal investigator, your primary duty is to establish the following facts,

EXCEPT
the
a. Corpus delicti or facts that the crime was committed “body of the crime”
b. Method of operation of the perpetrator
c. Identity of the accused by the guilty party
d. Damages to the victim caused to the victim or his/her family

7. The investigation technique is effective, but also risky because the operative conceals
his true identity, adopts and assumes a role to obtain information, is _ .*
A. Undercover  ROPING
B. Acting assignment
C. Room assignment
D. Work assignment

Natural cover  using the individual’s true identity, occupation or profession

Artificial cover  false documents, using false identity

COVER STORY  kwento mo

Fake documents (fake passports, forged id, fake documents etc) – BACKSTOPS
8. Which of the following is physical evidence which helps in locating the suspect?*
A. Corpus delicti
B. Trace evidence
C. Associative evidence
D. Documentary evidence

PHYSICAL EVIDENCE
 CORPUS DELICTI  BODY OF THE CRIME  FACTS THAT A CRIME HAS BEEN COMMITTED
 ASSOCIATIVE EVIDENCE  EVIDENCE WHICH LINKS A SUBJECT TO THE CS
 TRACING EVIDENCE  LOCATING THE SUSPECT
9. It refers to a process of identifying unknown fugitive commonly done in a
headquarters who is mixed with innocent person lined before the witness.*
a. Police Lineup IDENTIFICATION PARADE (7-10)
b. A or C
c. Physical Show up  crime scene / only one person
d. Police Identity

10. It refers to police files of photograph of known criminals, their modus operandi, hiding
places and names of associate criminals.*
a. Verbal description  portrait parle “speaking likeness:  physical description
b. General Photograph  showing different photography of features of a person
c. Artist Sketch/ cartographic sketch  reduced into drawing made by an artist based
onn the description of a witness
d. Rogues Gallery/

11. Which of the following is the best illustration of “eavesdropping the crime
scene”?
a. Playing the role of curious spectator and mixed with the crowd to listen
their conversation
b. Search physical evidence at the scene
c. None of these
d. Estimate the extent of the scene

BUGGING  recorder/device/ BUG

WIRETAPPING  intercepting a call

12. Which part of the Constitution mandates the protection of the citizen from
unreasonable search and seizure?
A. The Bill of Rights
B. National Security of the state
C. Preamble
D. Territorial Integrity of the State
General rule: no search can be made without a search warrant
10 days valid  cannot be extended

13. What is the process by which observation of a person, place or things by human or
technical means to acquire information is being conducted?
A. Intelligence
B. Surveillance
C. Instrumentation
D. Shadowing

Person  shadowing/tailing
Place  casing (police term)/ reconnaissance (military term)

SURVEILLANT  PERSON WHO PERFORMS THE OBSERVATION

SUBJECT/RABBIT  PERSON OR PLACE BEING WATCHED OR SURVEYED

LOOSE TAIL  GENERAL IMPRESSION OF THE SUBJECT’S HABIT AND ASSOCIATES IS REQUIRED
CLOSE TAIL  EXTREME PRECAUTION ARE TAKEN AGAINST THE LOSING SUBJECT
ROUGH TAIL/ROUGH SHADOWING  subject is aware that he is under surveillance

Convoy  Detect surveillance

Decoy  elude or escape surveillance

CONTACT

MADE
BURN OUT

14. The process in surveillance wherein the subject or suspect is being guarded against
by one who usually stays at the rear of the subject is (likod) _.
A. two-man shadow  best used
B. one-man shadow
C. convoy
D. envoy

15. For the purpose of applying the law regarding custodial investigation, mere invitation is
considered as?
A. Arrest
B. Detention
C. Habeas corpus
D. custody
RA 7438  RIGHTS OF THE PERSON ARRESTED, DETAINED OR UNDER CUSTODIAL
INVESTIGATION

16. Considering the highly technical knowledge of forensic science, it is also the duty of the
forensic scientist to provide _ .
A. Moral supports of investigators
B. Suggestions as to the motive of suspects
C. Expert testimonials in court
D. Training of non-criminologist- lawyer

17. How can chain of custody of evidence (PROPER HANDLING OF THE EVIDENCE)
be proven in court proceedings?
A. Any change in the condition of evidence can be explained.
B. The evidence offered is the same evidence found at the scene
C. There is no opportunity to replace or improperly alter the evidence
D. All of these

18. The following are some of the elements of investigative process EXCEPT:*
A. collection
B. recognition
C. preservation
D. presentation

(ICPE)
IDENTIFICATION/RECOGNITION
COLLECTION
PRESERVATION
EVALUATION

19. Which of the following is part of the Golden Rules in homicide investigation?*
A. Be careful with the processing of the evidence at the crime scene.
B. The investigator is the heart and soul of investigation.
C. Every crime leaves evidence that points to the suspect.
D. Never touch, alter and change the position of anything until measured and
photographed.  GOLDEN IN CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION

BRIDGES THAT SHOULD NOT BE CROSSED IN HOMICIDE INVESTIGATION

DO NOT MEC
WHEN THE DEAD BODY  MOVED
EMBALMED
CREMATED/BURNED
20. What kind of evidence that can be associated with the group?
A. Individual characteristics  PECULIAR TO A PERSON
B. Class characteristics
C. Testimonial evidence
D. Physical evidence

21. The evidence that can be associated with a single unique source is?
A. Class characteristics
B. Testimonial (ordinary witness (personal knowledge) & expert witness)
C. Physical  CAT
D. Individual characteristics

22. What is this process wherein confession is used to describe the events of the
crime?*
A. Re-enactment of crime
B. Reconstruction of crime scene  ASSESSMENT MADE BY THE INVESTIGATOR AFTER THE
CRIME SCENE INVESTIGATION

C. Mental reconstruction of crime  PHYSICAL RECONSTRUCTION  CONCLUSION

D. Physical reconstruction of crime PHYSICAL EVIDENCE AND ACCOUNTS OF WITNESSES

Crime reenactment  process by which the confession of the accused is used as a script to
DESCRIBE THE EVENT OF THE CRIME

23. In what order would the steps be done by the investigator upon the finding of an
evidential cigarette butt?
1. Making sketch;

2. Photographing;

3. Note Taking*
A. 2, 1 and 3
B. 3, 2 and 1
C. 2, 3 and 1
D. 1, 2 and 3

CRIME SCENE DOCUMENTATION

1. note taking
2. photographing
3. videography
4. sketching
CRIME SCENE PHOTOGRAPHY
Camera  SLR  single lens reflex camera
Lens  zoom lens  variable focal length  combination of convex/CONVERGING/POSITIVE
and concave lens/ DIVERGING/NEGATIVE
ENALRGE  CONVEX LENS
REDUCE  CONCAVE LENS

VIEWS/ RANGE
General view/long range view  over-all cs/ façade of the cs
Medium view/mid range  nature of the cs/immediate cs
Close up view  details of the crime/evidence/ extent of the damage (wound/evidence)
Extreme close-up  crime laboratory  for examination

Crime scene sketch

Rough sketch  crime scene (draft)
Finished sketch  HQ (complete)

24. What would be the best camera position in taking photographs showing a view of what a
witness might have seen?
A. at 6 feet distance from the camera man
B. overhead
C. parallel to the subject or witness
D. at the eye level

25. The search method or pattern that breaks the area into smaller ones is _.*
A. grid/ DOUBLE STRIP  COMBINATION OF STRIP SEARCH
B. Strip/LINE SEAERCH --. SEARCHERS WILL PROCEED AT THE SAME PACE 
PATH PARALLEL TO THE ONE SIDE OF THE RECTANGLE
C. Spiral --. SPIRALING FROM THE OUTSIDE TOWARDS THE INSIDE
D. quadrant/zone/sector  large cs
26. The measurement method that uses straight line measures from two fixed objects to the
evidence to create a triangle with the evidence in the angle formed by
the two straight lines is _ _.
A. Compass point
B. Baseline  SINGLE REFERENCE LINE
C. Triangulation
D. Rectangulation
RECTANGULAR COORDINATE METHOD  TWO WALLS IN A ROOM AS FIXED POINT , FROM
WHICHH DISTANCES ARE MEASURED AT RIGHT ANGLE TO THE OBJECT

27. With all the talent of an investigator, the value of physical evidence is greatly
reduced by human failure to ____ it.
a. Appreciate
b. Understand
c. Study
d. Find

28. The following are considered as an “Elusive” DIFFICULT TO FIND object in crime scene
investigation, EXCEPT:
A. associative evidence
B. testimonial evidence
C. object evidence / REAL/ AUTOPTIC
D. physical evidence
29. The most unusual style of interrogation: (December 2018 Board Exam Question)
A. Jolting  BIGLANG SISISGAW
B. Hypnotism
C. Mutt and Jeff (MUTT – STRICT / JEFF – MABAIT) / SWEET AND SOUR /GOOD
COP AND BAD COP
D. Bluff on a split pair  SUSPECTS ARE SEPARTED AND ONE IS INFORMED
THAT THE OTHER HAS TALKED

30. When is the labeling  INFORMATION REGARDING THE EVIDENCE / of evidence: (June
2019 Board Exam Question)
A. In the crime scene upon collection
B. After tagging the evidence
C. Upon taking photographs
D. None of these
31. What specific offense has been committed? Who committed it? When it was
committed? Where it was committed? Why it was committed? And how it was
committed? These are called of criminal investigation.
A. Cardinal Points
B. Three I’s
C. Golden Rule
D. Bridges burn

THREE TOOLS OF INVESTIGATION

1. Information
2. Interview and Interrogation
3. Instrumentation

INFORMATION  raw data

OPEN SOURCES  99%
CLOSED SOURCES  1%

Regular sources  documents

Cultivated sources  informer (reward) and informant (thanku)
Grapevine sources  underworld characters  prisoners, ex convict, members of ocg

2. Interview and interrogation

Interview  cooperative subject
Interrogation  uncooperative, hostile, reluctant witness
3. Instrumentation  application of various sciences
CRIMINALISTICS  FORENSIC SCIENCE  FORENSICS
Forensic  legal

32. Which of the following must be done to maintain the physical integrity of
evidence?
A. Evidence must be photographed and packaged
B. Evidence must be properly documented
C. Maintain its chain of custody  legal integrity
D. Identify, tag and seal the evidence

33. Person who by social or professional position possesses or has access to information of
continuing interest, and who willingly provides information to the police either in response to a
specific request or his own initiative.
a. Incidental informant c. Automatic informant
 b. Casual informant d. Recruited informant
AUTOMATIC INFORMANT  by virtue of their official position they are expected or obligated
to furnish information openly
INCIDENTAL INFORMANT  no intention of repeating his service of furnishing info on a
continuing
Recruited informants  selected, trained, utilized

34. He is known as the father of organized military espionage.

a. Frederick the Great c. Napoleon Bonaparte – one
spy on a right position is greater than 20,000 man on field
b. Alexander The Great  letter sorting d. Julius Caesar  ten
speculators/ codes and ciphers/ pigeons

35. This functional classification intelligence relates to the knowledge essential to ensure the
protection of lives and properties.
a. Internal Security Intelligence c. Public Safety Intelligence
b. Criminal Intelligence d. None of them

CRIMINAL INTELLIGENCE  knowledge essential to the prevention of crimes, investigation,

arrest and prosecution
INTERNAL SECURITY INTELLIGENCE  maintain peace and order

36. The type of intelligence which deals with the gathering of information regarding
people, weather, enemy and terrain, which is essential in counter insurgency
operations refers to:
a. Strategic intelligence c. Counter intelligence
b. Line intelligence d. Armed forces intelligence

strategic intelligence - walang practical or immediate operational value.

Long range
- deal with the activities of foreign nations

Counter-intelligence  blocking of information to the enemy.

Active counter-intelligence  actively block the enemy’s efforts  para hndi umabot or
mag engage sa  ESPIONAGE (AN ACT OF SPYING)/SUBVERSION (OVERTHROWING THE GOVT),
SABOTAGE (DESTRUCTION OF PROPERT)

PASSIVE COUNTER INTELIIGENCE  SEEK TO CONEAL INFORMATION FROM ENEMY --.

SECRECY DISCIPLINE, MOVEMENT CONTROL, ETC.

37. An item of information of the characteristics of the area of operations and the enemy which
the commander feels he needs before he can reasonably arrive at a decision.
a. Essential Element of Information c. Line Intelligence
 b. Priorities d. Strategic
INFORMATION --. RAW DATA
INTELLIGENCE  END-RESULT OF INFORMATION

PHASES OF INTELLGENCE CYCLE

1. PLANNING
Determine the EEI  Essential elements of information
Determine PIR  Priority Intelligence Requiremtn

2. COLLECTION OF INFORMATION
Eavesdropping
Bugging
Wiretapping
Elicitation
Informer and informant
Surveillance
Undercover
Odex  observation and description

3. PROCESSING  this is where the information becomes intelligence (REI)

 Recording  Reduction into writing
 Evaluation  determine the PRC
o Pertinence
o Reliability
o Credibility/accuracy
Admiralty scale

reLiability (CUFNUR) ACCURACY (CProPoDIT) SOURCE (SCRApIGPD)

A – COMPLETELY RELIABLE 1 – Confirmed by other S – Signal intelligence
sources
B – USUALLY RELIABLE 2 – Probably true T – direct observation of a
COMMANDER
C – FAIRLY RELIABLE 3 – Possibly true U – REPORT by a penetration
or resident agent
D- NOT USUALLY RELIABLE 4 - Doubtfully true V – AFP or PNP personnel
E – UNRELIABLE 5 -Improbable W – Interrogation of
captured enemy
F – R RELIABILITY CANNOT BE 6 – Truth cannot be judged X  government
JUDGED
Y  populace
Z  document

 Interpretation (AID)
 o Analysis

o Integration

o Deduction

4. DISSEMINATION  end-users

38. The most unusual style of interrogation: (December 2018 Board Exam Question)
a. Jolting
b. Hypnotism
c. Mutt and Jeff
d. Bluff on a split pair

39. He was the most famous THIEF-CATCHER in 1720s.

a. Jonathan Wild
b. Henry Fielding  bow street runners
c. Eugene ‘Francois” Vidocq  national detective organization in France  LA SURETE
d. Allan Pinkerton  Pinketon Detective Agency / motto: we never sleep

40 was organized as the first law enforcement agency with statewide investigative authority,
the forerunner of the Federal Bureau of Investigation.
a. Texas rangers
b. Office of Strategic Services  forerunner of CIA (Central Intelligence Agency – US)
NICA – NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE COORDINATING AGENCY - PH
c. Bureau of Investigation
d. None of the above

41. America’s most famous private investigator and founder of Criminal Investigation in USA.
a. Allan Pinkerton
b. Kate Wayne  first female detective
c. Charles Dickens  introduced the term DETECTIVE  in his story the BLEAKHOUSE
d. Hans Gross

42. this approach in the investigation is contrary to the former as this starts from general to
specific such that investigators will first start looking at the body of the crime (corpus delicti)
before proceeding with the individual evidence as to how the crime was committed.
a. Deductive approach  general to specific
b. Inductive approach  specific to general (will first look at the evidence before
concluding as to what crime has been committed)
c. Inside approach
d. Downward approach
43. this pertains to the dimension and the distance of the relative object to one another
a. Measurement
b. Legend
c. Compass Direction
d. Scale of Proportion

ELEMENTS OF SKETCH
Legend  use of words or numbers to represent an item in the crime scene

CAPITAL LETTERS  basic parts or accessories of the place

NUMBERS  INDIVIDUAL EVIDENCE
COMPASS DIRECTION --, refers to the north direction
Scale of proportion  representation of the sketch to the actual size of the scene

44. includes the basic information regarding the case as the nature of the crime, the time and
date of crime incident, and the location of the crime.
a. legend
b. compass direction
c. title
d. essential items  pieces of PE found at the CS

45. a type of sketch wherein the ceiling and/or walls are flattened all out in the ground.
A. Floor plan or bird’s eye view  drawn from above
B. Elevation sketch  shows the given side of an area
C. Exploded view sketch  drawn to show the relationship or order of whole parts
D. Cross-projection sketch

46. refers to the knowledge formed from the interpretation of the intelligence developed by all
the government departments which provides the valuable inputs or the formulation of
national policy and the promotion and enhancement of national security.
a. national intelligence
b. departmental intelligence  knowledge required by an agency or department -> to
execute a mission of a department
c. military intelligence  military institution prepration and execution of military
plans
d. collective intelligence

47. knowledge essential to the maintenance of peace and order.

a. Criminal Intelligence
b. Internal Security Intelligence
c. Public Safety Intelligence
d. peace and order intelligence
48. involves measures which seek to actively block the enemy’s efforts to gain info or engage
in espionage, subversion, or sabotage. It covers reconnaissance, patrolling, sabotage,
espionage, interior guard duty and fortification of vital facilities.
a. Passive Counter-Intelligence
b. Active Counter-Intelligence
d. Counter-intelligence
d. Intelligence

49. disloyalty to one’s own country by giving away or selling its secret to the enemy or by trying
to overthrow it.
a. Espionage
b. Treason
c. Sedition  promoting or inciting rebellion against the government
d. Sabotage

50. the act or practice of spying. The use of spy by a government in order to discover the
military or political secret of other nations.
a. Treason
b.Espionage
c. Subversion
d. Sabotage

51. is any action promoting or inciting discontent or rebellion against a government.

a. Sabotage
b. Treason
c. Sedition
d. Espionage

52. it is a system or plan whereby information of intelligence value is obtained through the
process of direct intercommunication in which one or more of the parties are unaware of the
specific purpose of the conversation.
a. Elicitation
b. Eavesdropping
c. Bugging
d. Wiretapping

two devices in the conduct of elicitation

1. APPROACH – process of setting people to start talking
 Flattery
 Provocative approach

2. PROBE  to keep people talking

53. the subject is place in a pedestal having some specialized quality then flatter him/her by
showing enough concern for his/her welfare to pay special attention to his enjoyment.
a. Good Samaritan approach  offer a sincere and valid help
b. teacher-pupil approach  treating the subject as an authority and ask for opinion
c. kindred soul approach
d. partial-disagreement approach  “seek to produce talking by the word or by telling
“im not sure if I fully agree..”

54. seek to produce talking by the word “I’m not sure if I fully agree.”
a. teacher-pupil approach
b. kindred soul approach
c. good Samaritan approach
d. partial-disagreement approach

55. it serves to point out contradictions in what the subject has said
a. competition probe  effective when used in connection with the teacher pupil
approach
b. clarity probe  elicit additional information
c. high pressure probe
d. hypothetical probe -> Get the subject to react at hypothetical situation

56. used to elicit additional information in an area which the response is clear
a. hypothetical probe
b. competition probe
c. clarity probe
d. high pressure probe

57. agent who leaks false information to the enemy

a. agent of influence  agent who uses authority to gain influence
b. agent in place  agent who has been recruited within a highly sensitive target
c. expendable agent
d. double agent  enemy agent who has been taken in custody, turned around and
sent back where he came from

58. agent who has been recruited within a highly sensitive target
a. agent of influence
b. agent in place
c. expendable agent
d. double agent

59. an enemy agent who has been taken into custody, turned around and sent back where he
came from as an agent of his captors
a. penetration agent
b. agent of influence
 c. double agent
d. expendable

60. agent who have reached to the enemy, gather information and able to get back without
being caught
a. penetration agent
b. expendable agent
c. agent of influence
d. double agent

61. an electronic device placed in the premise that transmits conversation to a receiver or
recorder
A. Bug
b. scrambler  scrambles the speaker’s voice
c. Recorder
d. Receiver

62. the use of an equipment or tool to listen and record discreetly the conversations of other
people
a. Wire Tapping  interception of call
b. Scrambler
c. Bugging
d. Eavesdropping  “nakikimarites” “discreetly listening to the conversation of other
people without the use of any device”

63. a device attached to the telephone that scrambles the speaker’s voice to everyone except
those who have a similar device set to prearranged code.
a. Pen Register  records all the numbers dialed from a telephone
b. Bug Detector  electronic device that produces a tone that can pick up from any
electronic transmission
c. Sweep  form of examination for the presence of any bugging device.
d. Scrambler

64. an electronic device that produces a tone that can pick up any form of electronic
transmission.
a. Bug
b. Bug Detector
c. Pen Register
d. Scrambler

65. a device that will pick up sound from a distance away. Aka bionic ear
a. Tap  device attached to a telephone line that transmits conversation to a device or
recorder (ginagamit para mag wiretap)
b. Tap and Trace
 c. Voice Amplifier
d. White Noise Amplifier  JAMMER

white noise blocker  device that blocks recording of any conversation in a room

66. a device that records numbers dialed to a telephone and provides the name of the
subscriber of the phone from which the call is made
a. Sweep
b. Tap and Trace
c. Tap
d. Jammer

67. the agent will gain access to the subject by going to the different hang out places of the
subject and gather information
a. Subversive Assignment  most dangerous  agent will join the organization of the
subject  ideologies of the group
b. Work Assignment  agent will be employed where the subject work
c. Social Assignment
d. Residential Assignment  isa area kung saan sya nakatira (you will live as a new
resident)

68. this is the most dangerous of all the undercover assignment. The agent will join the
organization of the subject itself he must know the ideologies of the group.
a. Residential Assignment
b. Work Assignment
c. Social Assignment
d. Subversive Assignment

69. It is establishing the meaning and significance of the information.

a. Interpretation
b. Recording
c. Evaluation
d. Integration

1. planning
2, collection
3. processing (REI)
Recording
Evaluation – prc
Interpretation
Analysis
Integration
Deduction
4. dissemination
70. combination of the elements stated in assessment
a. Analysis
b. Integration
c. Deduction
d. Dissemination

Analysis  shifting and isolating elements that have significance

Integration
Deduction  forming a conclusion from a theory

71. information and material whose unauthorized disclosure would cause exceptionally grave
damage to the Country.

a. Confidential (blue)
b. Top Secret (Green)
c. Secret (red)
d. Restricted (black or no color)

SECRET  unauthorized disclosure would endanger national security, cause serious injury to
the interest of the nation or govt
CONFIDENTIAL  would cause administrative embarrassment
RESTRICTED  requires special protection (hindi top secret, secret, confidential)

72. The term which denotes granting of access to classified document or information only to
properly cleared persons when such classified document or info is required in the
performance of their official duties
a. Classified Clearance c. Compartmentalization
b. Need-to-know  dissemination is limited only to persons whose official position requires
poseession or knowledge d. Security Audit

73. An art or science of making, devising, and protecting codes and ciphers.

a. Cryptography
b. Cryptanalysis  refers to the science of breaking codes and ciphers.
c. Codes
d. Ciphers

cryptography  making devising protecting codes and ciphers

(CODING/ENCRYPTING  CHANGING THE MESSAG E FROM PLAIN/CLEAT TEXT TO CODED TEXT)
CRYPTOGRAPHER  PERSON SKILLED IN MAKING CODES AND CIPHERS

CRYPTANALYSIS  breaking codes

(DECODING/DECRYPTING  CODED TEXT  PLAIN TEXT)
CRYPTO ANALYST
CODES  WORDS OR PHRASES REPRESENTED BY PREDETERMINED WORDS, NUMBERS OR
SYMBOLS (KEY CODE BOOK)

RED LION
RED COME
LION  HERE

CIPHERS  transposing the letters of plain text message or to methods involving the
substitution of letters
LOOK UP TABLE

ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
TUVWXYZABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRS

HELLO (PLAIN TEXT)

AXDDH = HELLO

74. refers to the science of breaking codes and ciphers.

a. Cryptography
b. Cryptanalysis
c. Codes
d. Ciphers

75. Methods of transposing the letters of plain text message or to methods involving the
substitution of the letters or symbols for the original letters of a message, and to various
combinations of such methods, all according to prearranged system.
a. Codes
b. Ciphers
c. Jargons
d. Coded text

76. If there is only one searcher, what pattern is advisable to be used?

a. Zone  LARGE CS
b. Spiral  MALILIIT NA CRIME SCENE
c. Strip
d. Grid

77. What is the physical evidence that links a suspect to the scene of the crime?
a. Associative evidence
b. Object evidence
c. Circumstantial evidence
d. Physical evidence
78. The evidence that can be associated with a single, unique source is ____.
a. Class characteristic
b. Testimonial
c. Physical
d. Individual characteristic

79. A shabbily crafted police report submitted by the police officers and art of the records in
court proceedings, at its WORST, makes the ___.
a. Police officer practically a witness for the defense
b. Police report just another court record
c. Police report a basis for scrutiny
d. Police officer just another contributor to the state of criminal justice

80. The following questions are part of the cardinal points of criminal investigation, EXCEPT ___.
a. Why was the crime committed?
b. What is the offender’s marital status?
c. Where was the crime committed?
d. How did the offender commit the crime?

81. In conducting an interrogation, what are the legal matters that you should inform the
suspect before the interrogation?*
a. All of these
b. That he has the right to remain silent and anything he says can be used against him in
court  right against self incrimination
c. That he has the right not to answer questions that may be incriminatory to him
d. That he has the right to have a competent and independent counsel of his own choice,
present during questioning

82. Conducting field operations, what is this function that the individual performs and serves as
the fuel that propels the agency to operate properly?*

a. Conduct of investigation
b. Police report writing
c. Patrolling functions
d. Traffic functions

83. In conducting interrogation, which of the following should NOT be adopted as questioning
technique?

a. General to specific
b. Going downward
c. Chronological
d. Going upward
84. What is the most important consideration in search no matter what method is used?*

a. That the search must be geometric

b. That the search must be meticulous and redundant
c. That the search must be trigonometric
d. That the search must be systematic

85. Through this tool of criminal investigation tangible things may be used to detect crimes,
identify the criminals, facilitate, and assist the investigator in its task in achieving the objectives
of criminal investigation.

a. Information
b. Criminalistics
c. Instrumentation
d. Interview/Interrogation

86. Which of the following is considered to be the most important quality of the good report?

a. Accuracy
b. Timeliness
c. Brevity
d. Neatness

87. The corpus delicti in the crime of theft is the?

a. fact the crime was committed

b. value of the property taken
c. consummation of the crime
d. property taken regardless of the value.

88. One of the elements of sketch wherein the graphical representation must indicate the
_________ direction for proper orientation of the scene.
A. North C. West
B. East D. South

89. These the possible sources of physical evidence, EXCEPT:

A. crime scene C. victim
B. court D. offender
90. A type of shadowing employed when a general impression of the subject’s habits and
associates is required.
A. loose tail
B. casing
Internal casing  loob ng building
External casing  labas ng building/surroundings
C. pony tail
D. close tail

91. A kind of evidence that tends to prove additional evidence of a same character to the same
point.
A. Corroborative evidence  different character but same point
B. Circumstantial evidence  indirect evidence
C. Direct evidence
D. Cumulative

92. Ways and means are resorted for the purpose of trapping and capturing the law breaker
during the execution of a criminal act.
A. Instigation  induced by the police officer to commit the crime
B. Inducement
C. Buy bust operation
D. Entrapment

93. PO III Juan dela Cruz submitted an intelligence report evaluated as B-5. What is the
interpretation of this evaluated intelligence report?

a. Information is usually from a reliable source and is possible true.

b. Information is usually from a reliable source and is improbable.
c. Information is usually from a reliable source and is probably true.
d. Information is usually from a reliable source and is doubtfully true.

94. Which of the following need not be present in order to prove the guilt of the accused by
means of confession or admission?
a. Confession must be supported by corroborative evidence
b. Corpus delicti must be established separately
c. Confession must be voluntarily and freely given
d. Confession must be ratified by the judge or the fiscal
95. Assume that you are an investigator who investigates a murder case perpetrated by an
unknown suspect. A person in the name of Ruel, a call center agent, saw the crime and he is
willing to identify the suspect. Which of the following methods will you not utilize to establish
the identity of the suspect?
a. Verbal Description (Portrait Parle) and Rogue’s Gallery (Photographic Files)
b. General Photographs and Cartographic Sketch
c. Police Line-up
d. Systematic interview that may lead to the identity of a known criminals

96. it is an area where you could stay in which there are no possible evidence that may
accidentally be disturbed or altered.
a. Crim scene
b. headquarters
c. command post
d. police station

97. this is considered a hesitant and reluctant type of witness.

a. suspicious type  fear must be removed --. Apply psychological pressure
b. drunken type  flattery  encourages the witness to answer questions
c. talkative type  investigators must shift his talkativeness(ng witness) to
becoming useful in investigation
d. know-nothing type

98. The question How in the Cardinal Points of investigation can answer…
A. Character C. Intent
B. Modus Operandi D. Setting

99. It is an area which is ideally located adjacent to the crime scene where the CSI Evidence
Custodian stays and receives the pieces of evidence turned over to him for safekeeping by the
other evidence collectors.
a. crime scene
b. command post
c. receiving post
d. evidence receiving area

100. Information gathered upon initiative of the investigator from informants, vendors, taxicab
driver, GRO, and others.
A. Grapevine Sources C. Cultivated Sources
B. Regular Sources D. Cognitive interview